JP2009008016A - Spark ignition internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a variation in mechanical compression ratio between cylinders.
A variable compression ratio mechanism A capable of changing a mechanical compression ratio and an actual compression action start timing changing mechanism B capable of changing an actual compression action start timing are provided. The mechanical compression ratio is maximized so that the expansion ratio becomes 20 or more during engine low load operation, and the actual compression ratio during engine low load operation is set to substantially the same actual compression ratio as during engine high load operation. In order to eliminate variations in the mechanical compression ratio in each cylinder, a combustion chamber volume adjustment build-up portion 22 is formed on the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber 5 so that the volume of the combustion chamber 5 in each cylinder is the same. A part of 22 is deleted.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a spark ignition internal combustion engine.

  Equipped with a variable compression ratio mechanism that can change the mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism that can control the closing timing of the intake valve. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine that increases the mechanical compression ratio and delays the closing timing of the intake valve as the engine load decreases while the actual compression ratio is kept constant during medium and high load operation. The engine is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

By the way, in this internal combustion engine, the mechanical compression ratio is increased even during low engine load operation, and the closing timing of the intake valve is delayed, but it is unclear whether the mechanical compression ratio is higher or lower than during medium load operation. It is unclear whether the valve closing time of the engine is late or early compared to that during medium-load operation. In this internal combustion engine, it is also unclear whether the actual compression ratio at the time of engine low load operation is higher or lower than that at the time of engine high load operation.
JP 2004-218522 A

  Generally speaking, in an internal combustion engine, the lower the engine load, the worse the thermal efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal efficiency when the vehicle is running, that is, to improve fuel efficiency, improve the thermal efficiency during engine low load operation. It will be necessary. By the way, in the internal combustion engine, the larger the expansion ratio, the longer the period during which the pressing force acts on the piston during the expansion stroke. Therefore, the greater the expansion ratio, the better the thermal efficiency. On the other hand, when the mechanical compression ratio is increased, the expansion ratio is increased. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal efficiency during vehicle travel, it is preferable to increase the mechanical compression ratio during engine low load operation as much as possible so that the maximum expansion ratio can be obtained during engine low load operation. .

  However, in the above-described known internal combustion engine, it is unclear whether the mechanical compression ratio is as high as possible so that the maximum expansion ratio can be obtained during engine low load operation. In an internal combustion engine having a variable compression ratio mechanism that can change the mechanical compression ratio and a variable valve timing mechanism that can control the closing timing of the intake valve, the actual compression ratio increases when the normal mechanical compression ratio is increased. I try to let them. This is because the mechanical compression ratio is usually increased in order to increase the compression ratio, and it is meaningless if the actual compression ratio does not increase at this time.

  However, since the knocking occurs when the actual compression ratio increases, the actual compression ratio cannot be increased so much. Therefore, conventionally, even if the mechanical compression ratio is increased during low engine load operation, the actual compression ratio cannot be increased so much that the mechanical compression ratio is not increased so much. As a result, conventionally, a sufficiently high expansion ratio has not been obtained at the time of engine low load operation, and thus there is a problem that good fuel efficiency cannot be obtained for a complicated structure.

  In an internal combustion engine, the mechanical compression ratio in each cylinder varies due to manufacturing errors. In this case, the difference in the mechanical compression ratio in each cylinder increases as the mechanical compression ratio increases. Therefore, as described above, if the mechanical compression ratio during engine low load operation is made as high as possible in order to improve the thermal efficiency during vehicle travel, the difference in the mechanical compression ratio between the cylinders becomes extremely large. In this case, if the manufacturing error is eliminated in order to reduce the difference in the mechanical compression ratio between the cylinders, there is a problem that the cost is extremely increased.

  In order to solve the above problem, according to the present invention, a variable compression ratio mechanism capable of changing a mechanical compression ratio and an actual compression action start timing changing mechanism capable of changing an actual compression action start timing are provided. Maximize the mechanical compression ratio so that the maximum expansion ratio can be obtained during low-load operation, and set the actual compression ratio during engine low-load operation to the same actual compression ratio as during engine medium-high load operation. Combustion chamber volume adjusting means for adjusting the combustion chamber volume of each cylinder is provided.

  Since the thermal efficiency during traveling of the vehicle is improved, good fuel efficiency can be obtained, and variations in the mechanical compression ratio in each cylinder can be easily eliminated.

FIG. 1 shows a side sectional view of a spark ignition type internal combustion engine.
Referring to FIG. 1, 1 is a crankcase, 2 is a cylinder block, 3 is a cylinder head, 4 is a piston, 5 is a combustion chamber, 6 is a spark plug disposed at the center of the top surface of the combustion chamber 5, and 7 is intake air. 8 is an intake port, 9 is an exhaust valve, and 10 is an exhaust port. The intake port 8 is connected to a surge tank 12 via an intake branch pipe 11, and a fuel injection valve 13 for injecting fuel into the corresponding intake port 8 is arranged in each intake branch pipe 11. The fuel injection valve 13 may be arranged in each combustion chamber 5 instead of being attached to each intake branch pipe 11.

  The surge tank 12 is connected to an air cleaner 15 via an intake duct 14, and a throttle valve 17 driven by an actuator 16 and an intake air amount detector 18 using, for example, heat rays are arranged in the intake duct 14. On the other hand, the exhaust port 10 is connected to a catalytic converter 20 containing, for example, a three-way catalyst via an exhaust manifold 19, and an air-fuel ratio sensor 21 is disposed in the exhaust manifold 19.

  On the other hand, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the piston 4 is positioned at the compression top dead center by changing the relative position of the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 in the cylinder axial direction at the connecting portion between the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2. There is provided a variable compression ratio mechanism A capable of changing the volume of the combustion chamber 5 at the time, and further an actual compression action start timing changing mechanism B capable of changing the actual start time of the compression action. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the actual compression action start timing changing mechanism B is composed of a variable valve timing mechanism capable of controlling the closing timing of the intake valve 7.

  The electronic control unit 30 is composed of a digital computer and includes a ROM (Read Only Memory) 32, a RAM (Random Access Memory) 33, a CPU (Microprocessor) 34, an input port 35 and an output port 36 connected to each other by a bidirectional bus 31. It comprises. The output signal of the intake air amount detector 18 and the output signal of the air-fuel ratio sensor 21 are input to the input port 35 via corresponding AD converters 37, respectively. A load sensor 41 that generates an output voltage proportional to the depression amount L of the accelerator pedal 40 is connected to the accelerator pedal 40, and the output voltage of the load sensor 41 is input to the input port 35 via the corresponding AD converter 37. Is done. Further, a crank angle sensor 42 that generates an output pulse every time the crankshaft rotates, for example, 30 ° is connected to the input port 35. On the other hand, the output port 36 is connected to the spark plug 6, the fuel injection valve 13, the throttle valve driving actuator 16, the variable compression ratio mechanism A, and the variable valve timing mechanism B through corresponding drive circuits 38.

  2 is an exploded perspective view of the variable compression ratio mechanism A shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a side sectional view of the internal combustion engine schematically shown. Referring to FIG. 2, a plurality of protrusions 50 spaced from each other are formed below both side walls of the cylinder block 2, and cam insertion holes 51 each having a circular cross section are formed in each protrusion 50. Has been. On the other hand, a plurality of protrusions 52 are formed on the upper wall surface of the crankcase 1 so as to be fitted between the corresponding protrusions 50 spaced apart from each other. Cam insertion holes 53 each having a circular cross section are formed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a pair of cam shafts 54, 55 is provided, and on each cam shaft 54, 55, a circular cam 56 that is rotatably inserted into each cam insertion hole 51 is provided. It is fixed. These circular cams 56 are coaxial with the rotational axes of the camshafts 54 and 55. On the other hand, an eccentric shaft 57 arranged eccentrically with respect to the rotation axis of each camshaft 54, 55 extends between the circular cams 56 as shown by hatching in FIG. A cam 58 is eccentrically mounted for rotation. As shown in FIG. 2, the circular cams 58 are disposed between the circular cams 56, and the circular cams 58 are rotatably inserted into the corresponding cam insertion holes 53.

  When the circular cams 56 fixed on the camshafts 54 and 55 are rotated in opposite directions as indicated by solid arrows in FIG. 3A from the state shown in FIG. In order to move toward the lower center, the circular cam 58 rotates in the opposite direction to the circular cam 56 in the cam insertion hole 53 as shown by the broken arrow in FIG. 3A, and is shown in FIG. As described above, when the eccentric shaft 57 moves to the lower center, the center of the circular cam 58 moves below the eccentric shaft 57.

  3A and 3B, the relative positions of the crankcase 1 and the cylinder block 2 are determined by the distance between the center of the circular cam 56 and the center of the circular cam 58. The cylinder block 2 moves away from the crankcase 1 as the distance between the center and the center of the circular cam 58 increases. When the cylinder block 2 moves away from the crankcase 1, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 increases when the piston 4 is positioned at the compression top dead center. Therefore, by rotating the camshafts 54 and 55, the piston 4 is compressed at the top dead center. The volume of the combustion chamber 5 when it is located at can be changed.

  As shown in FIG. 2, in order to rotate the camshafts 54 and 55 in the opposite directions, a pair of worm gears 61 and 62 having opposite spiral directions are attached to the rotation shaft of the drive motor 59, respectively. Gears 63 and 64 meshing with the worm gears 61 and 62 are fixed to the end portions of the camshafts 54 and 55, respectively. In this embodiment, by driving the drive motor 59, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 is located at the compression top dead center can be changed over a wide range. The variable compression ratio mechanism A shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 shows an example, and any type of variable compression ratio mechanism can be used.

  On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows the variable valve timing mechanism B attached to the end of the camshaft 70 for driving the intake valve 7 in FIG. Referring to FIG. 4, the variable valve timing mechanism B includes a timing pulley 71 that is rotated in the direction of an arrow by a crankshaft of an engine via a timing belt, a cylindrical housing 72 that rotates together with the timing pulley 71, an intake valve A rotating shaft 73 that rotates together with the driving camshaft 70 and is rotatable relative to the cylindrical housing 72, and a plurality of partition walls 74 that extend from the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing 72 to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 73. And a vane 75 extending from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 73 to the inner peripheral surface of the cylindrical housing 72 between the partition walls 74, and an advance hydraulic chamber 76 on each side of each vane 75. A retarding hydraulic chamber 77 is formed.

  The hydraulic oil supply control to the hydraulic chambers 76 and 77 is performed by a hydraulic oil supply control valve 78. The hydraulic oil supply control valve 78 includes hydraulic ports 79 and 80 connected to the hydraulic chambers 76 and 77, a hydraulic oil supply port 82 discharged from the hydraulic pump 81, a pair of drain ports 83 and 84, And a spool valve 85 for controlling communication between the ports 79, 80, 82, 83, and 84.

  When the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 should be advanced, the spool valve 85 is moved to the right in FIG. 4 and the hydraulic oil supplied from the supply port 82 is advanced via the hydraulic port 79. The hydraulic oil in the retard hydraulic chamber 77 is discharged from the drain port 84 while being supplied to the hydraulic chamber 76. At this time, the rotary shaft 73 is rotated relative to the cylindrical housing 72 in the direction of the arrow.

  On the other hand, when the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 should be retarded, the spool valve 85 is moved to the left in FIG. 4, and the hydraulic oil supplied from the supply port 82 causes the hydraulic port 80 to move. The hydraulic oil in the advance hydraulic chamber 76 is discharged from the drain port 83 while being supplied to the retard hydraulic chamber 77. At this time, the rotating shaft 73 is rotated relative to the cylindrical housing 72 in the direction opposite to the arrow.

  If the spool valve 85 is returned to the neutral position shown in FIG. 4 while the rotation shaft 73 is rotated relative to the cylindrical housing 72, the relative rotation operation of the rotation shaft 73 is stopped, and the rotation shaft 73 is The relative rotation position at that time is held. Therefore, the variable valve timing mechanism B can advance and retard the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 by a desired amount.

  In FIG. 5, the solid line shows the time when the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 is advanced the most by the variable valve timing mechanism B, and the broken line shows the cam phase of the intake valve driving camshaft 70 being the most advanced. It shows when it is retarded. Therefore, the valve opening period of the intake valve 7 can be arbitrarily set between the range indicated by the solid line and the range indicated by the broken line in FIG. 5, and therefore the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is also the range indicated by the arrow C in FIG. Any crank angle can be set.

  The variable valve timing mechanism B shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4 shows an example. For example, the variable valve timing that can change only the closing timing of the intake valve while keeping the opening timing of the intake valve constant. Various types of variable valve timing mechanisms, such as mechanisms, can be used. In the present invention, since the variable valve timing mechanism B is used to change the actual compression action start timing, the actual compression action can be changed without using the variable valve timing mechanism. Any type of actual compression action start time changing mechanism can be used as long as it is a start time changing mechanism.

  Next, the meanings of terms used in the present application will be described with reference to FIG. 6 (A), (B), and (C) show an engine having a combustion chamber volume of 50 ml and a piston stroke volume of 500 ml for the sake of explanation. , (B), (C), the combustion chamber volume represents the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is located at the compression top dead center.

  FIG. 6A explains the mechanical compression ratio. The mechanical compression ratio is a value mechanically determined only from the stroke volume of the piston and the combustion chamber volume during the compression stroke, and this mechanical compression ratio is expressed by (combustion chamber volume + stroke volume) / combustion chamber volume. In the example shown in FIG. 6A, this mechanical compression ratio is (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11.

  FIG. 6B describes the actual compression ratio. This actual compression ratio is a value determined from the actual piston stroke volume and the combustion chamber volume from when the compression action is actually started until the piston reaches top dead center, and this actual compression ratio is (combustion chamber volume + actual (Stroke volume) / combustion chamber volume. That is, as shown in FIG. 6B, even if the piston starts to rise in the compression stroke, the compression operation is not performed while the intake valve is open, and the actual compression is performed from the time when the intake valve is closed. The action begins. Therefore, the actual compression ratio is expressed as described above using the actual stroke volume. In the example shown in FIG. 6B, the actual compression ratio is (50 ml + 450 ml) / 50 ml = 10.

  FIG. 6C illustrates the expansion ratio. The expansion ratio is a value determined from the stroke volume of the piston and the combustion chamber volume during the expansion stroke, and this expansion ratio is expressed by (combustion chamber volume + stroke volume) / combustion chamber volume. In the example shown in FIG. 6C, this expansion ratio is (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11.

  Next, the most basic features of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the theoretical thermal efficiency and the expansion ratio, and FIG. 8 shows a comparison between a normal cycle and an ultrahigh expansion ratio cycle that are selectively used according to the load in the present invention.

  FIG. 8A shows a normal cycle when the intake valve closes near the bottom dead center and the compression action by the piston is started from the vicinity of the intake bottom dead center. In the example shown in FIG. 8A, the combustion chamber volume is 50 ml, and the stroke volume of the piston is 500 ml, as in the examples shown in FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C. As can be seen from FIG. 8A, in a normal cycle, the mechanical compression ratio is (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11, the actual compression ratio is almost 11, and the expansion ratio is also (50 ml + 500 ml) / 50 ml = 11. That is, in a normal internal combustion engine, the mechanical compression ratio, the actual compression ratio, and the expansion ratio are substantially equal.

  The solid line in FIG. 7 shows the change in the theoretical thermal efficiency when the actual compression ratio and the expansion ratio are substantially equal, that is, in a normal cycle. In this case, it can be seen that the theoretical thermal efficiency increases as the expansion ratio increases, that is, as the actual compression ratio increases. Therefore, in order to increase the theoretical thermal efficiency in a normal cycle, it is only necessary to increase the actual compression ratio. However, the actual compression ratio can only be increased to a maximum of about 12 due to the restriction of the occurrence of knocking at the time of engine high load operation, and thus the theoretical thermal efficiency cannot be sufficiently increased in a normal cycle.

  On the other hand, in this situation, the present inventor has studied to increase the theoretical thermal efficiency by strictly dividing the mechanical compression ratio and the actual compression ratio, and as a result, the theoretical thermal efficiency is governed by the expansion ratio, and the theoretical thermal efficiency The actual compression ratio has been found to have little effect. That is, if the actual compression ratio is increased, the explosive force is increased, but a large amount of energy is required for compression. Thus, even if the actual compression ratio is increased, the theoretical thermal efficiency is hardly increased.

  On the other hand, when the expansion ratio is increased, the period during which the pressing force acts on the piston during the expansion stroke becomes longer, and thus the period during which the piston applies the rotational force to the crankshaft becomes longer. Therefore, the larger the expansion ratio, the higher the theoretical thermal efficiency. The broken line in FIG. 7 indicates the theoretical thermal efficiency when the expansion ratio is increased with the actual compression ratio fixed at 10. Thus, the theoretical thermal efficiency when the expansion ratio is increased while the actual compression ratio is maintained at a low value, and the theoretical thermal efficiency when the actual compression ratio is increased with the expansion ratio as shown by the solid line in FIG. It can be seen that there is no significant difference from the amount of increase.

  Thus, if the actual compression ratio is maintained at a low value, knocking does not occur. Therefore, if the expansion ratio is increased while the actual compression ratio is maintained at a low value, the theoretical thermal efficiency is reduced while preventing the occurrence of knocking. Can be greatly increased. FIG. 8B shows an example where the variable compression ratio mechanism A and variable valve timing mechanism B are used to increase the expansion ratio while maintaining the actual compression ratio at a low value.

  Referring to FIG. 8B, in this example, the variable compression ratio mechanism A reduces the combustion chamber volume from 50 ml to 20 ml. On the other hand, the variable valve timing mechanism B delays the closing timing of the intake valve until the actual piston stroke volume is reduced from 500 ml to 200 ml. As a result, in this example, the actual compression ratio is (20 ml + 200 ml) / 20 ml = 11, and the expansion ratio is (20 ml + 500 ml) / 20 ml = 26. In the normal cycle shown in FIG. 8A, the actual compression ratio is almost 11 and the expansion ratio is 11, as described above. Compared to this case, only the expansion ratio is shown in FIG. 8B. It can be seen that it has been increased to 26. This is why it is called an ultra-high expansion ratio cycle.

  As described above, in general, in an internal combustion engine, the lower the engine load, the lower the thermal efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the thermal efficiency when the vehicle is running, that is, to improve the fuel efficiency, the thermal efficiency during the engine low load operation is reduced. It is necessary to improve. On the other hand, in the ultra-high expansion ratio cycle shown in FIG. 8B, since the actual piston stroke volume during the compression stroke is reduced, the amount of intake air that can be sucked into the combustion chamber 5 is reduced. The expansion ratio cycle can only be adopted when the engine load is relatively low. Therefore, in the present invention, the super high expansion ratio cycle shown in FIG. 8 (B) is used during low engine load operation, and the normal cycle shown in FIG. 8 (A) is used during high engine load operation. This is the basic feature of the present invention.

Next, the overall operation control will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 9 shows changes in the mechanical compression ratio, the expansion ratio, the closing timing of the intake valve 7, the actual compression ratio, the intake air amount, the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 and the pumping loss according to the engine load. In the embodiment according to the present invention, the average air-fuel ratio in the normal combustion chamber 5 is the air-fuel ratio sensor 21 so that unburned HC, CO and NO _x in the exhaust gas can be simultaneously reduced by the three-way catalyst in the catalytic converter 20. Feedback control to the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio based on the output signal.

  As described above, the normal cycle shown in FIG. 8 (A) is executed during engine high load operation. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 9, at this time, the engine compression ratio is lowered and the expansion ratio is low. As shown by the solid line in FIG. 9, the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is advanced as shown by the solid line in FIG. ing. At this time, the amount of intake air is large, and at this time, the opening degree of the throttle valve 17 is kept fully open or almost fully open, so that the pumping loss is zero.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, when the engine load is lowered, the mechanical compression ratio is increased accordingly, and thus the expansion ratio is also increased. Further, at this time, the valve closing timing of the intake valve 7 is delayed as the engine load becomes lower as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9 so that the actual compression ratio is kept substantially constant. At this time as well, the throttle valve 17 is kept fully open or substantially fully open, and therefore the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber 5 changes the closing timing of the intake valve 7 regardless of the throttle valve 17. Is controlled by that. Also at this time, the pumping loss becomes zero.

  As described above, when the engine load is reduced from the engine high load operation state, the mechanical compression ratio is increased as the intake air amount is decreased while the actual compression ratio is substantially constant. That is, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center is reduced in proportion to the reduction in the intake air amount. Therefore, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center changes in proportion to the intake air amount. At this time, since the air-fuel ratio in the combustion chamber 5 is the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio, the volume of the combustion chamber 5 when the piston 4 reaches the compression top dead center changes in proportion to the fuel amount. Become.

When the engine load is further reduced, the mechanical compression ratio is further increased. When the mechanical compression ratio reaches the limit mechanical compression ratio that is the structural limit of the combustion chamber 5, the engine when the mechanical compression ratio reaches the limit mechanical compression ratio is reached. In the region where the load is lower than the load L ₁ , the mechanical compression ratio is maintained at the limit mechanical compression ratio. Therefore, the mechanical compression ratio is maximized and the expansion ratio is maximized during engine low load operation. In other words, in the present invention, the mechanical compression ratio is maximized so that the maximum expansion ratio can be obtained during engine low load operation. Further, at this time, the actual compression ratio is maintained at substantially the same actual compression ratio as that during the engine medium and high load operation.

On the other hand, as shown by the solid line in FIG. 9, the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is delayed to a limit closing timing that can control the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber 5 as the engine load becomes lower. closing timing of the valve 7 is the closing timing of the intake valve 7 in the region of a load lower than the engine load L ₂ when reaching the limit closing timing is held at the limit closing timing. If the closing timing of the intake valve 7 is held at the limit closing timing, the intake air amount can no longer be controlled by the change in the closing timing of the intake valve 7, so it is necessary to control the intake air amount by some other method There is.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, at this time, that is, in a region where the load is lower than the engine load L ₂ when the closing timing of the intake valve 7 reaches the limit closing timing, the throttle valve 17 supplies the fuel into the combustion chamber 5. The amount of intake air to be controlled is controlled. However, when the intake air amount is controlled by the throttle valve 17, the pumping loss increases as shown in FIG.

In order to prevent such a pumping loss, the throttle valve 17 is kept fully open or almost fully open in a region where the load is lower than the engine load L ₂ when the closing timing of the intake valve 7 reaches the limit closing timing. In this state, the air-fuel ratio can be increased as the engine load decreases. At this time, it is preferable to arrange the fuel injection valve 13 in the combustion chamber 5 and perform stratified combustion.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the actual compression ratio is maintained substantially constant regardless of the engine load during low engine speed. The actual compression ratio at this time is approximately within a range of ± 10%, preferably within a range of ± 5% with respect to the actual compression ratio at the time of engine medium and high load operation. In the embodiment according to the present invention, the actual compression ratio at low engine speed is approximately 10 ± 1, that is, between 9 and 11. However, if the engine speed increases, the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 5 is disturbed, so that knocking does not easily occur. Therefore, in the embodiment according to the present invention, the actual compression ratio increases as the engine speed increases.

  On the other hand, as described above, the expansion ratio is 26 in the ultra-high expansion ratio cycle shown in FIG. This expansion ratio is preferably as high as possible, but if it is 20 or more, a considerably high theoretical thermal efficiency can be obtained. Therefore, in the present invention, the variable compression ratio mechanism A is formed so that the expansion ratio is 20 or more.

  In the example shown in FIG. 9, the mechanical compression ratio is continuously changed according to the engine load. However, the mechanical compression ratio can be changed stepwise according to the engine load.

On the other hand, as shown by the broken line in FIG. 9, the intake air amount can be controlled without depending on the throttle valve 17 by advancing the closing timing of the intake valve 7 as the engine load becomes lower. Accordingly, when expressing the case shown in FIG. 9 so as to include both the case indicated by the solid line and the case indicated by the broken line, in the embodiment according to the present invention, the valve closing timing of the intake valve 7 becomes smaller as the engine load becomes lower. so that is moved in a direction away from intake bottom dead center BDC until the limit closing timing L ₂ enabling control of the amount of intake air fed into the combustion chamber.

  As described above, in the internal combustion engine, the mechanical compression ratio in each cylinder varies due to manufacturing errors. In this case, the difference in the mechanical compression ratio between the cylinders increases as the mechanical compression ratio increases. Accordingly, when the mechanical compression ratio during engine low load operation is increased to the limit mechanical compression ratio as in the present invention, the difference in the mechanical compression ratio between the cylinders becomes extremely large. When the difference in the mechanical compression ratio between the cylinders becomes large, the output torque generated in each cylinder varies, resulting in torque fluctuation. In this case, in order to prevent such torque fluctuation from occurring, it is necessary to prevent a difference in mechanical compression ratio between the cylinders.

  Therefore, the present invention includes combustion chamber volume adjusting means for adjusting the volume of the combustion chamber 5 of each cylinder in order to eliminate variations in the mechanical compression ratio in each cylinder. Various types of combustion chamber volume adjusting means are conceivable. Two typical examples will be described below with reference to FIGS.

  In the example shown in FIG. 10, a built-up portion 22 for adjusting the combustion chamber volume is formed on the top surface of the piston 4. For example, the combustion of each cylinder when the piston 4 is located at the top dead center when the engine is assembled. A part of the built-up portion 22 is deleted so that the chambers 5 have the same volume. Of course, such a built-up portion for adjusting the volume of the combustion chamber can be formed on the inner wall surface of the other combustion chamber 5 such as the inner wall surface of the cylinder head 3.

  On the other hand, in the example shown in FIG. 11, a connecting rod 24 for adjusting the combustion chamber volume with different lengths for connecting the piston 4 and the crankshaft 23 is prepared in advance. An optimal connecting rod 24 is selected and used for each cylinder so that the volumes of the combustion chambers 5 of the cylinders at the dead center are the same. Note that the volume of the combustion chamber 5 can be adjusted by both the built-up portion 22 shown in FIG. 10 and the connecting rod 24 shown in FIG. 11.

  FIG. 12 shows an operation control routine. Referring to FIG. 12, first, at step 100, the closing timing IC of the intake valve 7 is calculated from the map shown in FIG. That is, the closing timing IC of the intake valve 7 necessary for supplying the required intake air amount into the combustion chamber 5 as a function of the engine load L and the engine speed N is in the form of a map as shown in FIG. The valve closing timing IC of the intake valve 7 is calculated from this map.

  Next, at step 101, the target actual compression ratio is calculated from the map shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 13B, the target actual compression ratio increases as the engine speed N increases. Next, at step 102, a mechanical compression ratio CR necessary to make the actual compression ratio the target actual compression ratio is calculated. Next, at step 103, the variable compression ratio mechanism A is controlled so that the mechanical compression ratio becomes the mechanical compression ratio CR, and the variable valve timing mechanism B is controlled so that the closing timing of the intake valve 7 becomes the closing timing IC. .

1 is an overall view of a spark ignition internal combustion engine. It is a disassembled perspective view of a variable compression ratio mechanism. 1 is a schematic side sectional view of an internal combustion engine. It is a figure which shows a variable valve timing mechanism. It is a figure which shows the lift amount of an intake valve and an exhaust valve. It is a figure for demonstrating a mechanical compression ratio, an actual compression ratio, and an expansion ratio. It is a figure which shows the relationship between theoretical thermal efficiency and an expansion ratio. It is a figure for demonstrating a normal cycle and a super-high expansion ratio cycle. It is a figure which shows changes, such as a mechanical compression ratio according to an engine load. It is side surface sectional drawing of the internal combustion engine for demonstrating an example of a combustion chamber volume adjustment means. It is side surface sectional drawing of the internal combustion engine for demonstrating another example of a combustion chamber volume adjustment means. It is a flowchart for performing operation control. It is a figure which shows a target actual compression ratio etc.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crankcase 2 Cylinder block 3 Cylinder head 4 Piston 5 Combustion chamber 7 Intake valve 22 Overlay part 24 Connecting rod 70 Intake valve drive camshaft A Variable compression ratio mechanism B Variable valve timing mechanism

Claims (16)

  Equipped with a variable compression ratio mechanism capable of changing the mechanical compression ratio and an actual compression action start timing changing mechanism capable of changing the actual compression action start time so that the maximum expansion ratio can be obtained during engine low load operation In order to maximize the mechanical compression ratio and make the actual compression ratio at the time of engine low load operation substantially the same as at the time of engine medium and high load operation, in order to eliminate variations in the mechanical compression ratio of each cylinder, the combustion chamber volume of each cylinder is reduced. A spark ignition type internal combustion engine comprising a combustion chamber volume adjusting means for adjusting.   2. A built-up portion for adjusting a combustion chamber volume is formed on the inner wall surface of the combustion chamber, and a part of the built-up portion is deleted so that the volumes of the combustion chambers of the respective cylinders are the same. Spark ignition internal combustion engine.   Connecting rods for adjusting the combustion chamber volume with different lengths for connecting the piston and crankshaft are prepared in advance, and the optimal connecting rod for each cylinder so that the volume of the combustion chamber of each cylinder is the same. The spark ignition type internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein is selectively used.   The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the maximum expansion ratio is 20 or more.   2. The spark ignition type internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the actual compression ratio is set within a range of about ± 10% with respect to the actual compression ratio at the time of medium and high load operation regardless of the engine load at a low engine speed.   6. The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 5, wherein the actual compression ratio is increased as the engine speed increases.   The spark ignition type internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the actual compression action start timing changing mechanism comprises a variable valve timing mechanism capable of controlling the closing timing of the intake valve.   The spark ignition type internal combustion engine according to claim 7, wherein the intake air amount supplied into the combustion chamber is controlled by changing a closing timing of the intake valve.   The valve closing timing of the intake valve is moved in a direction away from the intake bottom dead center until the limit valve closing timing at which the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber can be controlled as the engine load decreases. Spark ignition internal combustion engine.   In the region where the load of the intake valve is higher than the engine load when the closing timing of the intake valve reaches the above limit closing timing, the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber does not depend on the throttle valve disposed in the engine intake passage. The spark ignition type internal combustion engine according to claim 9, which is controlled by changing a closing timing of the intake valve.   The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 10, wherein the throttle valve is held in a fully open state in a region where the load is higher than the engine load when the closing timing of the intake valve reaches the limit closing timing.   In the region where the load is lower than the engine load when the intake valve closing timing reaches the above limit closing timing, the amount of intake air supplied into the combustion chamber is controlled by the throttle valve disposed in the engine intake passage. The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 9.   10. The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 9, wherein the air-fuel ratio is increased as the load decreases in a region where the load is lower than the engine load when the closing timing of the intake valve reaches the limit closing timing.   The spark ignition according to claim 9, wherein the closing timing of the intake valve is held at the limit closing timing in a region where the load is lower than the engine load when the closing timing of the intake valve reaches the limit closing timing. Internal combustion engine.   2. The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical compression ratio is increased to a limit mechanical compression ratio as the engine load decreases.   The spark ignition internal combustion engine according to claim 15, wherein the mechanical compression ratio is maintained at the limit mechanical compression ratio in a region where the load is lower than the engine load when the mechanical compression ratio reaches the limit mechanical compression ratio.

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