JP2008537505A - 触媒、これらの製造方法およびこれらの使用 - Google Patents
触媒、これらの製造方法およびこれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008537505A JP2008537505A JP2007546087A JP2007546087A JP2008537505A JP 2008537505 A JP2008537505 A JP 2008537505A JP 2007546087 A JP2007546087 A JP 2007546087A JP 2007546087 A JP2007546087 A JP 2007546087A JP 2008537505 A JP2008537505 A JP 2008537505A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- slurry
- catalyst
- silicate
- zeolite
- boehmite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004231 fluid catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004110 Zinc silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052916 barium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HMOQPOVBDRFNIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(2+);dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O HMOQPOVBDRFNIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QABCGOSYZHCPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(dimethyl)silicon Chemical compound C[Si](C)Cl QABCGOSYZHCPGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YGZSVWMBUCGDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(methyl)silane Chemical compound C[SiH2]Cl YGZSVWMBUCGDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium metasilicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O PAZHGORSDKKUPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052912 lithium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052917 strontium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O QSQXISIULMTHLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc silicate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019352 zinc silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrimethylsilane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)Cl IJOOHPMOJXWVHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000005051 trimethylchlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M aluminum;oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Al+3] VXAUWWUXCIMFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 15
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 13
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 5
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- -1 RE-USY Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002796 Si–Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001687 destabilization Effects 0.000 description 2
- PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide;tetrahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O PWZFXELTLAQOKC-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 2
- 238000007416 differential thermogravimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimagnesium dioxido-bis[[oxido(oxo)silyl]oxy]silane hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si](=O)O[Si]([O-])([O-])O[Si]([O-])=O FSBVERYRVPGNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001701 hydrotalcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229960001545 hydrotalcite Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7h-purine-2-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=NC=C2NC=NC2=N1 ZZBAGJPKGRJIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269350 Anura Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910014571 C—O—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium titanate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])=O AOWKSNWVBZGMTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical class Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012013 faujasite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940094522 laponite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000002605 large molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B lithium magnesium sodium silicate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 XCOBTUNSZUJCDH-UHFFFAOYSA-B 0.000 description 1
- JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N loratadine Chemical compound C1CN(C(=O)OCC)CCC1=C1C2=NC=CC=C2CCC2=CC(Cl)=CC=C21 JCCNYMKQOSZNPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013411 master cell bank Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052625 palygorskite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001921 poly-methyl-phenyl-siloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
a)クレイ、ゼオライトおよび準結晶性ベーマイトを含んでなるスラリーを製造し(但し、スラリーは解膠準結晶性ベーマイトを含んでなるものでない)、
b)このスラリーに一価の酸を添加し、
c)このスラリーにケイ素源を添加し、そして
d)このスラリーを賦型して、粒子を形成する
段階を含んでなる、本発明による方法により達成される。
用語「ベーマイト」は、アルミニウム酸化物・水酸化物[AlO(OH)]のそれに近いX線回折(XRD)パターンを呈するアルミナ水和物を記述するのに当業界で使用される。更に、用語ベーマイトは、異なる量の水和水を含有し、異なる表面積、細孔容積、比重を有し、そして熱処理時に異なる熱特性を呈する広範なアルミナ水和物を記述するのに一般に使用される。しかしながら、これらのXRDパターンは、特性的なベーマイト[AlO(OH)]ピークを呈するが、通常、幅が変わり、そして位置がシフトすることもある。結晶化度、結晶サイズおよび不完全部の量を示すのに、XRDピークの鋭さおよびこれらの位置が使用されてきた。
段階a)のスラリー中に存在する好適なゼオライトは、HY、USY、RE−Y、脱アルミ化YおよびRE−USYを含むY−ゼオライト、ゼオライトベータ、ZSM−5、リン活性化ZSM−5、イオン交換ZSM−5、MCM−22およびMCM−36、金属交換ゼオライト、ITQ、SAPO、ALPOおよびこれらの混合物などのゼオライトを含む。
好適なクレイは、カオリン、ベントナイト、サポナイト、セピオライト、アタパルジャイト、ラポナイト、ヘクトライト、イングリッシュクレイ、ヒドロタルサイトなどのアニオン性クレイおよびメタ−カオリンなどの熱処理あるいは化学的処理されたクレイを含む。
段階a)のスラリーは、クレイ、ゼオライトおよび非解膠QCBを水中で懸濁することにより製造される。場合によっては、MCB、アルミニウムクロロヒドロール、硝酸アルミニウム、Al2O3およびAl(OH)3のような他のアルミナ源、アニオン性クレイ(例えばヒドロタルサイト)、スメクタイト、セピオライト、チタン酸バリウム、チタン酸カルシウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、チタン酸マグネシウム、混合金属酸化物、層状ヒドロキシ塩、更なるゼオライト、酸化マグネシウム、塩基または塩および/またはアルカリ土類金属(例えばMg、CaおよびBa)、IIIA族遷移金属、IVA族遷移金属(例えばTi、Zr)、VA族遷移金属(例えばV、Nb)、VIA族遷移金属(例えばCr、Mo、W)、VIIA族遷移金属(例えばMn)、VIIIA族遷移金属(例えばFe、Co、Ni、Ru、Rh、Pd、Pt)、IB族遷移金属(例えばCu)、IIB族遷移金属(例えばZn)、ランタナイド(例えばLa、Ce)またはこれらの混合物を含有する化合物などの金属添加物などの他の構成成分が添加され得る。
次の段階において、一価の酸がこの懸濁液に添加され、化学融解を引き起こす。有機および無機の一価の酸またはこれらの混合物が使用可能である。好適な一価の酸の例は、ギ酸、酢酸、プロピオン酸、硝酸および塩酸である。
段階c)で添加される好適なケイ素源は、(ポリ)ケイ酸、ケイ酸ナトリウム、ナトリウムを含まないケイ素源および有機ケイ素源を含む。好適なナトリウムを含まないケイ素源の例は、ケイ酸カリウム、ケイ酸リチウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、ケイ酸バリウム、ケイ酸ストロンチウム、ケイ酸亜鉛、ケイ酸リンおよびケイ酸boriumである。好適な有機ケイ素源の例は、シリコーン(ポリメチルフェニルシロキサンなどのポリオルガノシロキサンおよびポリジメチルシロキサン)およびSi−O−C−O−Si構造を含む他の化合物と、メチルクロロシラン、ジメチルクロロシラン、トリメチルクロロシランおよびこれらの混合物などのこれらの前駆体である。
好適な賦型方法は、噴霧乾燥、パルス乾燥、ペレット化、押し出し(場合によっては混練と組み合わされて)、ビード化または触媒および吸収剤分野で使用される任意の他の慣用の賦型方法またはこれらの組み合わせを含む。好ましい賦型方法は噴霧乾燥である。触媒を噴霧乾燥により賦型する場合には、噴霧乾燥機の入口温度は、好ましくは300〜600℃の範囲にあり、そして出口温度は、好ましくは105〜200℃の範囲にある。
トルエン溶液中に50gの15g/lのクウェートバキュームガスオイル(KVGO)を入れた攪拌された容器に1gの触媒を添加することにより、下記の実施例により製造される触媒のアクセシビリティを測定した。この溶液を容器と分光光度計の間を循環し、KVGO濃度を連続的に測定した。
AAI= −d(Ct/Co)/d(t1/2)* 100%
として定義する。
触媒の耐摩耗性を標準の摩耗試験により測定した。この試験においては、触媒床を3個のノズル付の摩耗板上に置く。磨耗板は外周温度に置かれた磨耗管内に存在する。空気をノズルに押し込み、そして生成するジェットにより触媒粒子と生成する微粉の上方輸送が起きる。磨耗管の頂部には分離チャンバーがあり、そこで流れは解消し、そして約16ミクロンよりも大きい大部分の粒子は磨耗管の中に戻る。小さい粒子を捕集バッグに捕集する。
60.6kgのゼオライトYスラリー(29.7重量%固体)を23.3kgのミクロ結晶性ベーマイトスラリー(23.2重量%Al2O3)、16.2kgのカオリンスラリー(85.3重量%固体)、非解膠擬ベーマイトを含有する14.2kgのスラリー(71.9重量%Al2O3)および48.9kgの水と混合することにより、スラリーを製造した。得られたスラリーにpHが3.3となるまでHNO3を添加した。
試料A1は上記のように製造したものであり、
試料B1は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、3.8のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料C1は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、4.2のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料D1は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、4.6のpHに達せしめることにより得たものである。
66.445kgのゼオライトYスラリー(27.1重量%固体)を25.851kgのミクロ結晶性ベーマイトスラリー(23.2重量%Al2O3)、24.619kgのカオリンスラリー(85.3重量%固体)、非解膠擬ベーマイトを含有する8.054kgのスラリー(74.5重量%Al2O3)および48.9kgの水と混合することにより、スラリーを製造した。この生成スラリーに、pHが3.3となるまで5.6kgのHNO3を添加した。
試料A2は上記のように製造したものであり、
試料B2は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、3.8のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料C2は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、4.2のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料D2は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、4.6のpHに達せしめることにより得たものである。
10.4kgのゼオライトYスラリー(23.1重量%固体)を5kgのカオリンスラリー(86重量%固体)、非解膠擬ベーマイトを含有する16.8kgのスラリー(17.3重量%Al2O3)および0.92kgの水と混合することにより、スラリーを製造した。この生成スラリーに、pHが3.3となるまで5.6kgのHNO3を添加した。
試料A3は上記のように製造したものであり、
試料B3は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、3.6のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料C3は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、3.9のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料D3は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、4.2のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料E3は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、5.0のpHに達せしめることにより得たものである。
8kgのゼオライトYスラリー(25重量%固体)を4.17kgのカオリンスラリー(86重量%固体)、5kgのミクロ結晶性ベーマイトスラリー(25重量%Al2O3)、非解膠擬ベーマイト(17.3重量%Al2O3)を含有する13.3kgのスラリーおよび0.92kgの水と混合することにより、スラリーを製造した。この生成スラリーに、pHが3.3となるまで5.6kgのHNO3を添加した。
試料A4は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、4.2のpHに達せしめることにより得たものであり、
試料B4は、苛性アルカリを噴霧乾燥直前にこのスラリーに添加し、5.0のpHに達せしめることにより得たものである。
Claims (7)
- a)クレイ、ゼオライトおよび準結晶性ベーマイトを含んでなるスラリーを製造し(但し、スラリーは解膠準結晶性ベーマイトを含んでなるものでない)、
b)スラリーに一価の酸を添加し、
c)スラリーにケイ素源を添加し、そして
d)スラリーを賦型して、粒子を形成する
段階を含んでなる、触媒を製造する方法。 - 段階a)で得られるスラリーがケイ素源を含んでなるものでない、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 段階c)で添加されるケイ素源がケイ酸ナトリウム、ケイ酸カリウム、ケイ酸リチウム、ケイ酸カルシウム、ケイ酸マグネシウム、ケイ酸バリウム、ケイ酸ストロンチウム、ケイ酸亜鉛、ケイ酸リン、ケイ酸borium、ポリオルガノシロキサン、メチルクロロシラン、ジメチルクロロシラン、トリメチルクロロシランおよびこれらの混合物からなる群から選択される、請求項1あるいは2に記載の方法。
- 段階c)で、ケイ素源が乾燥固体含量基準で、かつSiO2として計算して1〜35重量%の量で添加される請求項1〜3のいずれか一つに記載の方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか一つに記載の方法により入手可能な触媒。
- ミクロ結晶性ベーマイト、準結晶性ベーマイト、ゼオライトおよびシリカを含んでなる触媒。
- 流動接触分解、水素処理、アルキル化、改質、ガス・液変換、石炭変換および水素製造における、そして自動車触媒としての請求項5〜6のいずれか一つに記載の触媒の使用。
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PCT/EP2005/056984 WO2006067155A2 (en) | 2004-12-21 | 2005-12-20 | Attrition-resisitant catalyst, a process for its preparation and its use |
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EP1824599B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
US9534177B2 (en) | 2017-01-03 |
US20110263412A1 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
US20100093519A1 (en) | 2010-04-15 |
EP1824599A2 (en) | 2007-08-29 |
CN101115560B (zh) | 2012-09-19 |
CA2593919C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
WO2006067155A3 (en) | 2006-08-24 |
CA2593919A1 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
WO2006067155A2 (en) | 2006-06-29 |
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