JP2008502738A - ヒトの癌を処置するための、vegfインヒビターの使用 - Google Patents
ヒトの癌を処置するための、vegfインヒビターの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2008502738A JP2008502738A JP2007527795A JP2007527795A JP2008502738A JP 2008502738 A JP2008502738 A JP 2008502738A JP 2007527795 A JP2007527795 A JP 2007527795A JP 2007527795 A JP2007527795 A JP 2007527795A JP 2008502738 A JP2008502738 A JP 2008502738A
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- cancer
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)活性を阻害することによって、腫瘍および転移の退行を促進する方法に関する。
血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)の発現は、ヒトの癌において、ほぼ遍在性であり、このことは、腫瘍の新脈管形成の重要なメディエーターとしての役割と一致している。VEGF分子またはそのVEGFR−2レセプターに結合することによってVEGFの機能を遮断することによって、多数の異なる異種移植モデルにおいて、移植された腫瘍細胞の増殖が阻害される(例えば、非特許文献1を参照のこと)。「VEGFR1R2トラップ」または「VEGFトラップ」と呼ばれる可溶性のVEGF融合タンパク質アンタゴニストが記載されている(非特許文献2;非特許文献3)。
Gerberら、Cancer Res.2000年、第60巻:pp.6253−6258 Kimら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 2002年、第99巻:pp.11399−404 Holashら、Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 2002年、第99巻:pp.11393−8
第1の局面において、本発明は、癌を罹患しているヒト患者を処置する方法を特徴とし、この方法は、このヒト患者に、有効量の血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)融合タンパク質トラップアンタゴニストを投与する工程を包含し、この方法は、(a)少なくとも約0.3mg/kgのVEGFトラップアンタゴニストの初期用量を上記患者に投与する工程;および(b)初期用量とほぼ同じであるか、もしくは初期用量よりも少ない量のVEGFトラップアンタゴニストの、複数回の継続用量(subsequent dose)を上記患者に投与する工程を包含する。この方法において、上記継続用量は、互いに、少なくとも1日の間隔が空けられている。本発明の投薬レジメンは、VEGFトラップアンタゴニストの初期用量を提供し、その後、初期用量と同じか、または初期用量よりも少ない量のトラップの継続用量を提供する(フロントローディングが多い(greater front loading))ことによって、有効な標的トラフ血清濃度に、早期に到達することを可能にする。有効な標的トラフ血清濃度には、4週間以内、好ましくは3週間以内、より好ましくは2週間以内、そして、最も好ましくは、1週間以内(1日以内を含む)で到達される。標的血清濃度は、その後、処置レジメンの残りについて、または、疾患の症状の抑制が達成されるまで、等量もしくはより少ない量の維持用量を投与することによって維持される。
本発明の方法を説明する前に、本発明は、特定の方法および記載される実験条件に制限されず、従って、方法および条件は変動し得ることが理解されるべきである。また、本明細書において使用される専門用語は、特定の実施形態のみを記載する目的のためのものであり、制限することを意図されないことも理解されるべきである。なぜならば、本発明の範囲は、添付の特許請求の範囲にのみ制限されるからである。
血管内皮増殖因子/血管透過性因子(VEGF)は、最初に、血管透過性を増加し得る、腫瘍由来の因子として同定された。VEGFは、その後、内皮細胞についての増殖性因子であることが分かった。胚において、VEGFは、脈管構造の発生に絶対的に必須である。成人において、VEGFは、血管透過性および新脈管形成の増加に関連する種々の正常なプロセスおよび病理プロセスにおいてアップレギュレートされている。
用語「治療有効量」とは、投与された場合に、所望の効果を生じる用量を意味する。正確な用量は、処置の目的に依存し、そして、公知の技術(例えば、Lloyd(1999)The Art,Science and Technology of Pharmaceutical Compoundingを参照のこと)を用いて、当業者により確認される。効率は、処置される状態に依存して、従来の方法で測定され得る。癌の治療について、効率は、例えば、疾患の進行までの時間(TTP)を評価するか、または、応答速度(RR)を決定することによって測定され得る。治療有効量はまた、一定時間維持された場合に、疾患の症状を抑制するのに有効であることが示されている、標的血清濃度(例えば、トラフ血清濃度)も指す。
好ましい実施形態において、VEGFトラップは、ヒトIgG1のFc部分に融合された、ヒトVEGFR1およびVEGFR2レセプターの細胞外ドメインの主なリガンド結合部分から構成される、レセプター−Fc融合タンパク質である。具体的には、VEGFトラップアンタゴニストは、本質的に、VEGFR1に由来するIgドメイン2、VEGFR2に由来するIgドメイン3、およびIgG1のFcドメインから構成され、Igドメイン2にIgドメイン3が融合され、Igドメイン3は、Fcドメインに融合されている(配列番号1〜2)。
本発明の方法は、脳および髄膜、咽頭口部、肺および気管支樹、胃腸管、男性生殖器および女性生殖器、筋肉、骨、皮膚、結合組織、免疫系、造血細胞および骨髄、肝臓および尿路、ならびに、眼のような専門の感覚器に生じる腫瘍を処置するために使用され得る。より具体的には、腎細胞癌腫、膵臓癌腫、乳癌、前立腺癌、結腸直腸癌、悪性中皮腫、多発性骨髄腫、卵巣癌、または黒色腫を罹患しているヒト患者が、以下に記載されるようなVEGFトラップで処置され得る。
多数の実施形態において、VEGF融合タンパク質トラップアンタゴニストは、第2のVEGFトラップ分子を含む、1以上の追加の化合物または治療と組み合せて投与され得る。組み合わせ治療は、VEGFトラップおよび1以上の追加の因子を含む単一の薬学的投薬処方物の投与;ならびに、個別の薬学的投薬処方物でのVEGFトラップおよび1以上の追加の因子の投与を包含する。例えば、VEGFトラップと、細胞傷害性因子、化学療法剤、または増殖阻害因子とが、組み合わせ処方物のような単一の投薬組成物内で一緒に、患者に投与され得るか、または、各因子は、別個の投薬処方物で投与され得る。別個の投薬処方物が使用される場合、本発明のVEGF特異的融合タンパク質および1以上の追加の因子は、同時に、または、別個の時差的な時間で(すなわち、連続して)投与され得る。
本発明の方法の実施に有用な薬学的組成物は、治療有効量の活性因子と、薬学的に受容可能なキャリアとを含む。用語「薬学的に受容可能」とは、連邦もしくは州の政府の監督官庁により認可されているか、または、U.S.Pharmacopeiaもしくは他の一般に認識される薬局方において、動物(より具体的には、ヒト)における使用について、列挙されていることを意味する。用語「キャリア」は、治療剤(therapeutic)と共に投与される、希釈剤、アジュバント、賦形剤、またはビヒクルを指す。このような薬学的キャリアは、滅菌の液体(例えば、水および油)であり得、石油起源のもの、動物起源のもの、植物起源のもの、もしくは、合成起源のもの(例えば、ピーナッツ油、大豆油、鉱油、ゴマ油など)が挙げられる。適切な薬学的賦形剤としては、デンプン、グルコース、ラクトース、スクロース、ゼラチン、麦芽、コメ、小麦粉、チョーク、シリカゲル、ステアリン酸ナトリウム、モノステアリン酸グリセロール、タルク、塩化ナトリウム、乾燥スキムミルク、グリセロール、プロピレン、グリコール、水、エタノールなどが挙げられる。所望される場合、この組成物はまた、微量の湿潤剤もしくは乳化剤、または、pH緩衝剤を含み得る。これらの組成物は、溶液、懸濁液、エマルジョン、錠剤、丸剤、カプセル、粉末、徐放処方物などの形態を取り得る。この組成物は、トリグリセリドのような従来の結合剤およびキャリアを用いて、坐剤としても処方され得る。経口処方物は、標準的なキャリア(例えば、薬学等級のマンニトール、ラクトース、デンプン、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、サッカリンナトリウム、セルロース、炭酸マグネシウムなど)を含み得る。適切な薬学的キャリアの例は、E.W.Martinにより、「Remington’s Pharmaceutical Sciences」において記載されている。
本発明の別の実施形態において、上記の障害を処置するために有用な物質を含む製品が提供される。製品は、容器、ラベルおよびパッケージ挿入物を含む。適切な容器としては、例えば、ボトル、バイアル、シリンジなどが挙げられる。容器は、ガラスまたはプラスチックのような種々の材料から形成され得る。容器は、状態を処置するのに有効な組成物を含み、そして、滅菌のアクセスポートを有し得る(例えば、容器は、静脈内注射用の溶液バッグ(intravenous solution bag)、または、皮下注射針によって貫通され得るストッパーを有するバイアルであり得る)。組成物中の少なくとも1つの活性因子は、VEGF融合タンパク質トラップアンタゴニストである。容器上もしくは容器に付随するラベルは、組成物が、選り抜きの状態を処置するために使用されることを示す。製品は、さらに、薬学的に受容可能な緩衝液(例えば、リン酸緩衝化生理食塩水、Ringer溶液、およびデキストロース溶液)を含む第2の容器を備え得る。製品は、市販およびユーザの立場から所望される他の物質(例えば、他の緩衝液、希釈剤、フィルタ、針およびシリンジ)を備え得る。さらに、製品は、使用のための説明書を備えるパッケージ挿入物を含み得、この説明には、例えば、その組成物が、アントラサイクリン型の化学療法剤(例えば、ドキソルビシンまたはエピルビシン)と組み合せて使用すべきでないという警告が含まれる。
霊長類およびげっ歯類において、VEGFトラップ(配列番号2)を用いて、前臨床毒性研究を行った。カニクイザルにおける4〜13週の毒性学研究は、VEGFトラップが、毎週、3回、1.5mg/kg、5mg/kg、および15mg/kg(4週間の研究)、または、1週間に2回、1.5mg/kg、5mg/kg、15mg/kg、または30mg/kg(13週の研究において)の用量で皮下投与された場合に、十分に耐性であったことを示した。VEGFトラップは、サルにおいて、4週間後には高度に免疫原性ではなく;1匹の中用量の動物のみが、低い力価の抗体を生じた。
同時に癌のための治療を受けていない難治性の固形腫瘍もしくは非ホジキンリンパ腫を有する患者を、以下のようにして、VEGFトラップで処置する。用量レベルは、皮下で、0.3mg/kg〜30mg/kgの範囲である。各患者に、VEGFトラップの単回の初期用量を与え、その後、4週間にわたり観察し、そして、薬物動態学の血液サンプリングを行う。この研究の5週目の始めに、患者に、割り当てられた用量レベルの一連の6週間ごとの注射を与える。VEGFトラップおよびVEGF(遊離型、および、複合体として一緒に結合したものの両方)の血漿レベルをモニターする。腫瘍の負荷を、毎週の投薬期間の始めと終わり、および処置の間に周期的に評価する;安定な疾患、部分的もしくは完全な応答を有する患者は、継続した研究において、さらに6ヶ月まで投薬を継続し得る。有効であることが予想され得るより高い用量において、患者は、腫瘍の灌流に対するVEGFトラップ投与の効果を評価するために、Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRIスキャンを受ける。
Claims (18)
- 癌を罹患しているヒト患者を処置するための医薬の調製における、2つの融合ポリペプチドの二量体を含む、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)アンタゴニストの使用であって、該融合ポリペプチドの各々は、(a)Flt−1の免疫グロブリン(Ig)様ドメイン2およびFlk−1もしくはFlt−4のIgドメイン3、ならびに(b)多量体化成分を含み、該患者は、
(a)少なくとも約0.3mg/kgの該VEGFアンタゴニストの初期用量を該患者に投与する工程;および
(b)該VEGFアンタゴニストの複数回の継続用量を該患者に投与する工程であって、該継続用量は、該初期用量とほぼ同じであるか、または該初期用量より少ない量であり、該継続用量は、互いに、少なくとも1日の間隔が空けられている、工程
を包含する方法によって処置される、使用。 - 前記初期用量が、約0.3mg/kg〜約30mg/kg;好ましくは、約0.5mg/kg〜約10mg/kgである、請求項1に記載の使用。
- 前記初期用量が、約1mg/kg〜約6mg/kgである、請求項2に記載の使用。
- 前記初期用量が、約1mg/kg、約2mg/kg、約3mg/kg、約4mg/kg、約5mg/kg、および約6mg/kgである、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記継続用量が、同じであっても異なっていてもよく、約0.3mg/kg〜約30mg/kg;好ましくは、約0.5mg/kg〜約10mg/kgである、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記継続用量が、約1mg/kg、約2mg/kg、約3mg/kg、約4mg/kg、約5mg/kg、および約6mg/kgである、請求項5に記載の使用。
- 前記継続用量が、互いに、少なくとも1週間の間隔が空けられている、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記継続用量が、互いに、少なくとも1ヶ月の間隔が空けられている、請求項7に記載の使用。
- 前記癌が、腎細胞癌腫、膵臓癌腫、乳癌、前立腺癌、結腸直腸癌、悪性中皮腫、多発性骨髄腫、卵巣癌および黒色腫から選択される、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記癌が、血管内皮増殖因子(VEGF)アンタゴニストおよび胎盤成長因子(PLGF)アンタゴニストによって抑制される癌である、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記VEGFアンタゴニストが、アセチル化された、Flt−1(1−3)−Fc、Flt−1(1−3R−>N)−Fc、Flt−1(1−3ΔB)−Fc、Flt−1(2−3ΔB)−Fc、Flt−1(2−3)−Fc、Flt−1D2−VEGFR3D3−FcΔC1(a)、Flt−1D2−Flk−1D3−FcΔC1(a)、およびVEGFR1R2−FcΔC1(a)から選択される、請求項1〜10のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 前記VEGFアンタゴニストが、配列番号2のアミノ酸配列を含む、VEGFR1R2−FcΔC1である、請求項11に記載の使用。
- 前記医薬が、皮下注射または静脈内注射によって、前記初期用量および継続用量を投与するために処方される、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の使用。
- 癌を罹患していると診断されたヒト患者を処置する方法であって、該方法は、請求項1、11または12に記載のVEGFアンタゴニストの有効量を該ヒト患者に投与する工程を包含し、該方法は、以下:
(a)少なくとも約0.3mg/kgの該VEGFアンタゴニストの初期用量を該患者に投与する工程;および
(b)該VEGFアンタゴニストの複数回の継続用量を該患者に投与する工程であって、該継続用量は、該初期用量とほぼ同じであるか、または該初期用量より少ない量であり、該継続用量は、互いに、少なくとも1週間の間隔が空けられている、工程
を包含する、方法。 - 前記初期用量および/または前記継続用量は、請求項2〜6のいずれか1項に記載のとおりである、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記癌は、請求項9または10に記載のとおりである、請求項14または15に記載の方法。
- 前記継続用量は、互いに、少なくとも3週間の間隔が空けられている、請求項14〜16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記初期用量および/または前記継続用量が、皮下注射または静脈内注射によって投与される、請求項14〜17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
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US20080188419A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US7482002B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
JP2012067116A (ja) | 2012-04-05 |
CA2567686A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US20080171703A1 (en) | 2008-07-17 |
US7479274B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
EP1753442A2 (en) | 2007-02-21 |
MXPA06014421A (es) | 2007-05-04 |
WO2005123104A2 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US20080188420A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US7354580B2 (en) | 2008-04-08 |
US7479272B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
US20050276808A1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
AU2005254058A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
US20080214466A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
EP2583685A1 (en) | 2013-04-24 |
US7479275B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
US7479273B2 (en) | 2009-01-20 |
US7482001B2 (en) | 2009-01-27 |
IL179515A0 (en) | 2007-05-15 |
WO2005123104A3 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
US20080188418A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
US20080214465A1 (en) | 2008-09-04 |
CN101102786A (zh) | 2008-01-09 |
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