JP2008240303A - Crude oil extraction apparatus and steam generation method for crude oil extraction apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

【Task】
An object of this invention is to improve the thermal efficiency of the steam production | generation apparatus which supplies a vapor | steam to an oil sand layer.
[Solution]
The present invention includes a steam generation device on the upstream side of a steam supply pipe, and the steam generation device generates combustion gas by mixing and burning air and fuel, an evaporation chamber into which the combustion gas flows, and an evaporation chamber And a mechanism for spraying water, and supplying steam from the evaporation chamber to a steam supply pipe.
【effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the thermal efficiency of the steam production | generation apparatus which supplies a vapor | steam to an oil sand layer can be improved.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a crude oil extraction apparatus and a steam generation method for a crude oil extraction apparatus.

  As a method for extracting crude oil from an oil sand layer, a technique described in Patent Document 1 is disclosed. This Patent Document 1 discloses a technique of installing a steam generation device on the upstream side of a steam supply pipe that supplies steam to an oil sand layer. In addition, the steam generator disclosed in Patent Document 1 also discloses that heating fuel obtained by pyrolyzing crude oil extracted from the oil sand layer is supplied to the steam generator.

JP-A-10-310780

  In patent document 1, the specific content of a steam production | generation apparatus is not disclosed. The steam generator may be a boiler. However, since the boiler exchanges heat between the combustion gas and water via the water pipe, there is a problem in that the entire energy of the combustion gas cannot be used for generation of steam, and the thermal efficiency of the steam generation device decreases.

  Then, an object of this invention is to improve the thermal efficiency of the steam production | generation apparatus which supplies a vapor | steam to an oil sand layer.

  The present invention includes a steam generation device on the upstream side of a steam supply pipe, and the steam generation device generates combustion gas by mixing and burning air and fuel, an evaporation chamber into which the combustion gas flows, and an evaporation chamber Is provided with a mechanism for spraying water, and the steam from the evaporation chamber is supplied to the steam supply pipe.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the thermal efficiency of the steam generation apparatus which supplies a vapor | steam to an oil sand layer can be improved.

  The oil sand targeted by the present invention is a sandstone layer containing crude oil of high viscosity and exists in the ground. In the state where the oil sand exists in the ground, the high-viscosity crude oil contained in the oil sand does not have fluidity. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the viscosity of the crude oil in order to separate the crude oil from the sandstone layer. The present invention relates to an apparatus for supplying high-temperature steam to an oil sand layer, which is necessary for reducing the viscosity of crude oil contained in the oil sand.

  An example of this steam supply device is a boiler. However, the boiler generates steam by supplying combustion gas to the outside of the heat transfer tube through which water flows. Since this combustion gas causes dirt to adhere to the surface of the heat transfer tube, crude oil extracted from the oil sand layer cannot be used as fuel, and natural gas must be used.

  Moreover, since the heat exchange between water and the combustion gas is performed via the heat transfer tube, the amount of steam generated depends on the heat exchange efficiency. Accordingly, when a large amount of steam is supplied to the oil sand layer, a large amount of natural gas is required. For this reason, it is necessary to install a natural gas pipeline in the vicinity of the steam generator, and there is a problem that the production cost of crude oil fluctuates due to fluctuations in the price of natural gas.

  FIG. 1 shows a crude oil extraction apparatus according to the first embodiment. In the figure, a crude oil extraction apparatus 100 includes a steam generation apparatus 1 that generates steam, a steam supply pipe 5 that supplies steam to an oil sand layer, and a crude oil extraction pipe 9 that extracts crude oil from the oil sand layer 7. The crude oil extraction pipe 9 is located below the steam supply pipe 5.

The steam generating apparatus 1 is installed on the ground, and includes a combustion chamber 17 that generates combustion gas by mixing and burning air and fuel, and an evaporation chamber 6 that generates steam from the combustion gas and water. On the upstream side of the combustion chamber 17, a fuel nozzle 18 for supplying the fuel 3 and a swirler 20 on the outer peripheral side of the fuel nozzle 18 are provided. The swirler 20 is provided in a blade shape so as to surround the outer peripheral side of the fuel nozzle 18. The air 15 blown to the swirler 20 through the air blower 23 flows into the combustion chamber 17 as swirling air. The evaporation chamber 6 is formed inside the evaporation chamber wall 14 and is located downstream of the combustion chamber 17. A water supply manifold 19 and a water injection nozzle 21 for spraying water to the evaporation chamber 6 are provided on the outer peripheral side of the evaporation chamber wall 14.

  A steam supply pipe 5 is embedded in the oil sand layer 7. The steam supply pipe 5 is connected to an outlet portion from which steam is ejected from the steam generator 1. The steam supply pipe 5 is supplied with a mixed fluid 24 of steam and combustion gas generated in the evaporation chamber 6. The crude oil contained in the oil sand layer 7 is heated by the mixed fluid 24, and the viscosity decreases. The crude oil whose viscosity has been reduced is extracted from the crude oil extraction pipe 9 as heavy oil by the power of the pump 10. The crude oil extraction pipe 9 extracts a crude oil mixed fluid containing not only heavy oil but also steam.

Since the extracted crude oil mixed fluid contains heavy oil, it is difficult to transport it by pipeline. Therefore, the crude oil mixed fluid is refined by the separator 11 and separated into crude oil 16 and steam 2. As a specific separator, a centrifugal separator or the like is used. The separated steam 2 is returned to water by the condenser 12 and impurities are removed by the water treatment device 13. In FIG. 1, the water-treated water 4 is configured to be re-supplied to the water supply manifold 19 of the steam generator 1.

  Next, the operation content of the crude oil extraction apparatus 100 will be described. The air 15 supplied by the air blower 23 is supplied to the combustion chamber 17 via the swirler 20. In the combustion chamber 17, the air 15 and the fuel 3 sprayed from the fuel nozzle 18 are mixed and diffusely burned to form a flame 22. At that time, the fuel and the air are controlled so that the oxygen and the fuel in the air are not excessive and insufficient and the theoretical equivalent ratio is obtained. Specifically, the temperature of the combustion gas forming the flame 22 is about 2200 ° C. The combustion gas generated in the combustion chamber 17 is ejected into the evaporation chamber 6.

  The evaporation chamber into which the combustion gas flows is provided with a mechanism for spraying water. Therefore, water and combustion gas are directly mixed inside the evaporation chamber to generate steam. Since no heat transfer tubes are used unlike a boiler, the heat exchange efficiency is close to 100%. Therefore, the steam generation efficiency can be greatly improved as compared with the boiler. In this way, since water directly exchanges heat with the combustion gas, the heat exchange efficiency is dramatically increased as compared with the boiler, and the thermal efficiency of the entire steam generation apparatus can be improved.

  In addition, it is desirable to supply the crude oil 16 from which the steam 2 has been separated by the separator 11 to the fuel nozzle 18. After the water jetted from the plurality of water jet nozzles 21 merges in the evaporation chamber 6, the combustion gas and water are mixed. Thus, since combustion gas flows in into the evaporation chamber 6, it can suppress that the soot produced from the impurity of crude oil adheres to the water injection nozzle 21 and the water supply manifold 19 from which water flows down. Further, even if unrefined crude oil is used, it is possible to suppress soot from adhering to the water injection nozzle 21 and the water supply manifold 19, so that the number of maintenance can be reduced.

  Next, it is desirable that the cross-sectional area of the evaporation chamber into which the combustion gas flows is wider than the cross-sectional area of the steam supply pipe. By making the cross-sectional area of the evaporation chamber wider than the cross-sectional area of the steam supply pipe, it is possible to suppress a problem that the inside of the evaporation chamber is clogged with a scale or the like. And even if it does not raise the performance of the water treatment apparatus required in order to remove the impurity of the water supplied to an evaporation chamber, it can prevent that an evaporation chamber inside is obstruct | occluded. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the load on the water treatment apparatus and maintain the water treatment performance for a long period of time. Moreover, the running cost at the time of producing | generating crude oil can be reduced significantly, without requiring a high-performance water treatment apparatus. Furthermore, since water is sprayed directly on the combustion gas, the temperature of the generated steam can be easily controlled.

  Moreover, it is desirable that the evaporation chamber 6 has a cross-sectional area wider than the flow path cross-sectional area of the small-diameter water injection nozzle 21 that sprays water. Since the water sprayed from the small-diameter water jet nozzle is evaporated in the evaporation chamber, steam can be efficiently generated.

  Since the evaporation chamber 6 has a larger space than the combustion chamber 17, the flow rate of the combustion gas flowing into the evaporation chamber 6 is rapidly reduced. The evaporation chamber 6 is provided with a mechanism for spraying water, and combustion gas and water are mixed in the chamber. The amount of water 4 to be sprayed is adjusted so as to ensure a predetermined steam temperature when the combustion gas and water are mixed / evaporated / steamed. As described above, in this embodiment, the combustion gas flows from the narrow combustion chamber 17 to the wide evaporation chamber 6, so that the flow velocity of the combustion gas decreases and stays inside the evaporation chamber 6. Since water is directly sprayed on the staying combustion gas, steam can be efficiently generated. Note that the volume of the evaporation chamber 6 differs depending on the relationship with the volume of the combustion chamber 17. Specifically, the volume of the evaporation chamber 6 may be determined so as to ensure a certain residence time during which water is sufficiently vaporized.

  In the combustion chamber 17, it is desirable to burn the fuel at a theoretical equivalent ratio with oxygen in the air. In this case, the temperature of the combustion gas is about 2200 ° C. Therefore, since there is no residual oxygen in the mixed gas 24 of steam and combustion gas supplied to the oil sand layer, it is possible to prevent the crude oil contained in the oil sand layer from burning.

  In addition, the steam generation apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a fuel nozzle that supplies fuel, a swirler that is provided on the outer peripheral side of the fuel nozzle, and swirls air, and burns the fuel and the air swirled by the swirler. In the combustion chamber 17, combustion gas is generated by diffusion combustion. Therefore, the generation of steam can be stably performed regardless of the generation state of the combustion gas.

  Furthermore, the steam generator of this embodiment includes a separator that separates steam from the crude oil mixed fluid extracted by the crude oil extraction pipe to generate crude oil, a condenser that condenses the steam discharged from the separator, and a condenser. A system for supplying water from the water vessel to the steam generator is provided. Of the crude oil and steam extracted from the oil sands layer, a condenser for condensing steam into water is provided, so the amount of water supplied from the outside can be reduced. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the volume of the water tank that stores water to be replenished to the steam generating device, and to reduce the installation area of the steam generating device.

  Moreover, since the steam generator of the present embodiment is installed on the ground, maintenance can be easily performed.

  FIG. 2 shows a crude oil extraction apparatus according to the second embodiment. The same equipment as in FIG. 1 is assigned the same number as in FIG. The present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that coke 25 is generated in the oil sand layer 7.

  Here, FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the crude oil temperature and the coking rate. The vertical axis shows the coking rate, and the horizontal axis shows the crude oil temperature. As shown in the figure, the coking rate increases as the crude oil temperature rises. In particular, when the temperature of the crude oil reaches 400 ° C. or higher, the coking rate increases exponentially. Coke is a phenomenon in which an asphalt component contained in crude oil is carbonized by heat. Asphalt components are coked in the oil sand layer, so that the asphalt components are removed from the crude oil. Therefore, by setting the temperature of the mixed gas of steam and combustion gas supplied to the oil sand layer to 400 ° C. or higher, asphalt components contained in the oil sand layer about 50% are left as coke 25 in the oil sand layer 7. Can do. Therefore, crude oil containing only light components can be pumped to the ground.

  In addition, the amount of asphalt produced during the oil refining process can be reduced, and the amount of asphalt treated can be reduced. Furthermore, since the asphalt component remains in the ground, the power of the pump 10 necessary for extracting crude oil can be reduced. By reducing the power of the pump, the efficiency of the crude oil extraction device can be improved.

  FIG. 4 shows a crude oil extraction apparatus according to the third embodiment. The same equipment as in FIG. 1 is assigned the same number as in FIG. In this embodiment, a steam branching system 33, a crude oil supply system 28, a steam atomized fuel nozzle 18, a steam temperature measuring sensor 29 which is a steam temperature measuring means, and a control device 31 are provided. In the figure, signals input to and output from the control device 31 are indicated by dotted arrows.

  In this embodiment, a vapor temperature measurement sensor 29 is provided on the downstream side of the evaporation chamber 6, the vapor temperature is measured by the sensor, and the vapor temperature is input to the control device 31. In addition, an upstream side of a water supply manifold 19 that supplies water to the evaporation chamber 4 is provided with an adjustment valve 30 that adjusts the amount of water and a driving device thereof.

  A part of the crude oil 16 separated by the separator 11 is sprayed from the fuel nozzle 18 of the steam generator 1. A system that directly supplies the crude oil discharged from the separator 11 to the fuel nozzle 18 may be provided, or may be once stored in a tank. The steam branch system 33 branched from the steam supply pipe 5 joins the crude oil supply system 28.

  In order to ensure a predetermined steam temperature when the combustion gas and water are mixed / evaporated / steam, the control device 31 adjusts the amount of water 4 ejected from the water ejection nozzle 21. Specifically, when the steam temperature input from the steam temperature sensor 29 is lower than the predetermined steam temperature, the opening degree of the regulating valve 30 is decreased to increase the steam temperature. On the other hand, when the steam temperature input from the steam temperature sensor 29 is higher than the predetermined steam temperature, the opening degree of the regulating valve 30 is increased to lower the steam temperature. Thus, the temperature of the steam supplied to the oil sand layer can be adjusted to 400 ° C. or higher by controlling the opening of the adjustment valve 30.

  The generated mixed gas of steam and combustion gas is supplied to the oil sand layer 7 through the steam supply pipe 5. At this time, a part of the steam is extracted from the steam branch system 33 and supplied to the fuel nozzle 18. When the extraction steam is supplied to the fuel nozzle 18, the crude oil can be atomized by the high-temperature steam. Furthermore, the viscosity of the crude oil is reduced by high-temperature steam, and stable combustion is possible.

  Moreover, since crude oil can be used as the fuel for the steam generating device, it is not necessary to use natural gas, so that significant cost reduction is possible. The branch system does not need to be joined to the crude oil supply system 28, and the branch system may be arranged so that steam is ejected from the vicinity of the ejection port of the fuel nozzle 18.

  FIG. 5 shows a crude oil extraction apparatus according to the fourth embodiment. The same equipment as in FIG. 4 is assigned the same number as in FIG. In the present embodiment, crude oil viscosity measuring means 32, an adjustment valve 26 for adjusting the amount of steam flowing through the branch system 33, and an adjustment valve 27 for adjusting the amount of crude oil flowing through the crude oil supply system 28 are provided. The viscosity of the recovered crude oil is measured by the viscosity measuring means 32 and the measured value is input to the control device 31. A vapor temperature measurement sensor 29 is provided on the downstream side of the evaporation chamber 6, the vapor temperature is measured by the sensor, and the vapor temperature is input to the control device 31.

  The control device 31 adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 4 with the adjustment valve 27 according to the steam temperature obtained from the steam temperature measurement sensor 29, or controls the amount of water 4 with the adjustment valve 30. Specifically, when the steam temperature is higher than the set value, the amount of water 4 can be increased by decreasing the opening amount of the regulating valve 27 to decrease the fuel amount, or increasing the opening amount of the regulating valve 30. That's fine.

Further, the control device 31 adjusts the amount of fuel supplied to the combustion chamber 4 by the adjusting valve 27 according to the crude oil viscosity obtained from the viscosity measuring means 32, or adjusts the amount of steam flowing through the steam branching system 33. 26 to control. Specifically, when the crude oil viscosity is higher than the set value, the opening of the regulating valve 27 is increased to increase the fuel amount, the steam temperature is increased, the opening of the regulating valve 26 is increased, and Increase the amount of steam. By such control, the steam temperature can be controlled so that the crude oil extracted from the oil sand layer has an appropriate viscosity. According to the present embodiment, since the viscosity of the crude oil recovered from the oil sand layer can be kept low, the crude oil can be used as a fuel for the steam generator.

It is the figure which showed Example 1 of the crude-oil extraction apparatus using this invention. It is the figure which showed Example 2 of the crude-oil extraction apparatus using this invention. It is a relationship diagram between the temperature of crude oil and the coking rate. It is the figure which showed Example 3 of the crude oil extraction apparatus using this invention. It is the figure which showed Example 4 of the crude-oil extraction apparatus using this invention.

Explanation of symbols

3 Fuel 4 Water 5 Steam supply pipe 6 Evaporation chamber 7 Oil sand layer 8 Crude oil mixed fluid 9 Crude oil extraction pipe 10 Pump 11 Separator 12 Condenser 13 Water treatment device 15 Air 17 Combustion chamber 18 Fuel injection nozzle 19 Water supply manifold 20 Swivel blade 21 Water injection nozzle 23 Air blower 24 Gas mixture 25 Coke 28 Crude oil supply system 29 Steam temperature measuring sensor 30 Adjusting valve 32 Viscosity measuring means 33 Steam branching system

Claims (11)

A steam supply pipe for supplying steam into the oil sand layer;
A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising a crude oil extraction pipe for extracting crude oil from the oil sand layer,
Provided with a steam generator upstream of the steam supply pipe,
The steam generation device includes a combustion chamber that generates combustion gas by mixing and burning air and fuel;
A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising an evaporation chamber into which the combustion gas flows and a mechanism for spraying water into the evaporation chamber, and supplying steam from the evaporation chamber to the steam supply pipe. A steam supply pipe for supplying high-temperature steam into the oil sand layer;
A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising a crude oil extraction pipe for extracting crude oil whose viscosity has been reduced by the steam,
Provided with a steam generator upstream of the steam supply pipe,
The steam generation device includes a combustion chamber that generates combustion gas by mixing and burning air and fuel;
It has a cross-sectional area wider than the cross-sectional area of the steam supply pipe, and includes an evaporation chamber into which the combustion gas flows and a mechanism for spraying water into the evaporation chamber, and supplies steam from the evaporation chamber to the steam supply pipe A crude oil extraction apparatus characterized by: A steam supply pipe for supplying high-temperature steam into the oil sand layer;
A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising a crude oil extraction pipe for extracting crude oil whose viscosity has been reduced by the steam,
Provided with a steam generator upstream of the steam supply pipe,
The steam generation device includes a combustion chamber that generates combustion gas by mixing and burning air and fuel;
It has a cross-sectional area wider than the cross-sectional area of the steam supply pipe, and has an evaporation chamber into which the combustion gas flows, and a mechanism for spraying water into the evaporation chamber to generate steam at 400 ° C. or higher. Crude oil extraction equipment. The crude oil extraction device according to claim 3,
A crude oil extraction apparatus, wherein a fuel supply system for supplying fuel to the combustion chamber is connected to a system for supplying steam from the evaporation chamber. The crude oil extraction device according to claim 3,
A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising: a system for supplying crude oil obtained by separating a crude oil mixed fluid from the crude oil extraction pipe to a fuel nozzle provided in the steam generation apparatus. A steam supply pipe for supplying steam into the oil sand layer;
A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising a crude oil extraction pipe for extracting crude oil from the oil sand layer,
A steam generator provided on the upstream side of the steam supply pipe, and a controller for controlling the steam generator;
The steam generation device includes a combustion chamber for generating combustion gas by burning air and fuel;
A water injection nozzle for spraying water inside the evaporation chamber for supplying the combustion gas, and a steam temperature measuring means for measuring the temperature of the steam,
The said control apparatus adjusts the water quantity from the said water injection nozzle based on the steam temperature obtained by the said steam temperature measurement means, The crude oil extraction apparatus characterized by the above-mentioned. The crude oil extraction device according to claim 6,
In the combustion chamber, the crude oil extraction apparatus burns air and fuel at a theoretical equivalent ratio. The crude oil extraction device according to claim 6,
A crude oil extraction apparatus characterized in that the temperature of the steam generated by the steam generator is 400 ° C or higher. The crude oil extraction device according to claim 6,
A separator that separates the crude oil mixed fluid from the crude oil extraction pipe from steam to generate crude oil, a condenser that condenses the steam discharged from the separator, and water from the condenser that generates steam. A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising a system for supplying to the apparatus. The crude oil extraction device according to claim 9,
A crude oil extraction apparatus comprising means for measuring the viscosity of crude oil discharged from the separator, and controlling the temperature of the steam so as to obtain a preset viscosity. Supplying steam to the inside of the oil sand layer, reducing the viscosity of the crude oil by the heat of the steam,
A method for generating steam in a crude oil extraction apparatus for extracting the crude oil from the oil sand layer, wherein a combustion gas is generated by burning air and fuel, and steam is generated by spraying water on the combustion gas. A steam generation method for a crude oil extraction apparatus.

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