JP2007500134A - 依存性退薬症状の治療 - Google Patents
依存性退薬症状の治療 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007500134A JP2007500134A JP2006521307A JP2006521307A JP2007500134A JP 2007500134 A JP2007500134 A JP 2007500134A JP 2006521307 A JP2006521307 A JP 2006521307A JP 2006521307 A JP2006521307 A JP 2006521307A JP 2007500134 A JP2007500134 A JP 2007500134A
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- Prior art keywords
- buprenorphine
- dosage form
- patient
- transdermal
- days
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、退薬症候群の治療に関する。特に本発明は、オピオイド類依存性妊婦における退薬症状を治療すること、及び新生児のオピオイド依存症の治療に関する。
本発明は、ブプレノルフィン又は製薬的に許容しうるその塩、エーテル誘導体、エステル誘導体、酸誘導体、鏡像異性体、ジアステレオマー、ラセミ体、多形体又は溶媒和物に関する。特定のいずれの理論にも拘束されないが、当業界においてブプレノルフィンは薬理学的に、中枢神経系(「CNS」)及び末梢組織においてμオピオイド受容体における部分的アゴニストであると考えられている。ブプレノルフィンは、鎮痛等、その作用の多くをμ完全オピオイドアゴニストと共有している。部分的アゴニストは、一般的に、受容体に対する親和性を有する化合物を含むが、完全アゴニストとは異なり、たとえ、高比率の受容体がその化合物に占有されているとしても、低い程度の薬理学的効果を誘導するにすぎない。鎮痛に対する「天井効果」(すなわち、用量を増加してもさらなる鎮痛なし)は、多くの動物モデルにおいてブプレノルフィンに関して十分に立証されている。それは、高親油性で、オピオイド受容体から徐々に解離する。さらにブプレノルフィンは、高親和性でμ受容体及びκ1受容体と結合し、また低親和性でδ受容体と結合すると考えられている。κ受容体における固有のアゴニスト活性は限定されているようであり、ブプレノルフィンは、κ受容体におけるアンタゴニスト活性を有することが大多数の証拠により示唆されている。κアゴニズムの欠如により、アゴニスト/アンタゴニスト薬にみられる不快作用、及び精神異常発現作用が、ブプレノルフィンにはない。ブプレノルフィンのオピオイドアンタゴニスト作用は、δオピオイド受容体との相互作用により媒介されうることが、他の研究から示唆される。
該活性化合物の種々の製薬的に許容しうる塩、エーテル誘導体、エステル誘導体、酸誘導体及び水溶性変更誘導体(solubility altering derivatives)の使用もまた、本発明に包含される。本発明は、該化合物の全ての活性な個々の鏡像異性体、ジアステレオマー、ラセミ体、及び他の異性体の使用をさらに含む。また、本発明は、本化合物の全ての多形体並びに水和物及び有機溶媒によって形成されたもの等の溶媒和物の使用も含む。このような異性体、多形体及び溶媒和物は、位置特異的及び/又はエナンチオ選択的な合成及び分割による等、当業界で公知の方法により調製しうる。
経皮剤形は、限定はしないが、例えば、オピオイド鎮痛剤等の鎮痛剤を含む多くの種々の治療的に有効な活性剤を送達する便利な剤形である。典型的なオピオイド鎮痛剤としては、限定はしないが、フェンタニル、ブプレノルフィン、エトルフィン類、及び他の高力価麻薬が挙げられる。経皮剤形は、活性剤の定時放出及び持続放出に特に有用である。
本発明の単位剤形は、オピエート禁断症候群を患っているか、又は予防する患者、好ましくはヒト患者に投与される。好ましい一実施形態において、患者は、妊婦である。本発明の単位剤形は、何らかの可能性のある毒性を低下させながら最適活性を獲得できるように、規定の投与計画で投与しうる。例えば、該方法は、約800pg/mlのブプレノルフィンの濃度を提供する一連の経皮剤形を含む投与計画においてブプレノルフィンの有効量を、患者に投与することを含む。
本発明はまた、本発明を行うための成分を、キット形態で便利に提供しうる一実施形態を提供する。その最も単純な実施形態において、本発明のキットは、患者の必要に応じて設定される投薬量でのブプレノルフィンパッチの設定数を提供する。開始キットは、例えば、6日間にわたり全投薬量を20mgまで徐々に拡大するような投薬量を提供しうる。好ましい実施形態において、キットは、6日間にわたり、2〜5mg及び1〜10mgのブプレノルフィンパッチ、合計20mgを含有する。より長期間のキットは、特定の患者の治療に適切な投薬量を含みうる投薬パッチをさらに含む。これらは、5mg、10mg、20mg、30mg又は40mgのパッチを含みうる。好ましい実施形態において、キットはまた、投薬計画を次第に減らすパッチを含有する。あるいは、他の漸減パッチは、出産前に投薬量を低下させるために提供されうる。パッチの適用法、単位の保存及び治療計画の詳細を印刷した説明書もまた全てのキットに含まれている。
Claims (15)
- 退薬症候群又は禁断症候群の治療を必要とする薬物依存症又はオピオイド耐性患者における退薬症候群又は禁断症候群を治療する方法であって、前記患者の退薬症候群を軽減するために有効量のブプレノルフィンの経皮投与を含む方法。
- 前記患者が、妊婦である請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記妊婦が、オピエート中毒である請求項2に記載の方法。
- (a)約5日以内の第1の投与期間に第1のブプレノルフィン含有経皮剤形を前記患者に投与すること;
(b)約5日以内の第2の投与期間に第2のブプレノルフィン含有経皮剤形を前記患者に投与することであり、前記第2の剤形が、前記第1の剤形と同一用量のブプレノルフィンか、又は前記第1の剤形よりも高用量のブプレノルフィンを含み、;及び
(c)少なくとも2日間の第3の投与期間に第3のブプレノルフィン含有経皮剤形を前記患者に投与することであり、前記第3の剤形が、前記第2の剤形よりも高用量のブプレノルフィンを含むこと、
を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 投与計画は、第3の剤形投与後、ブプレノルフィンの血漿中平均濃度が、約800pg/mlであるブプレノルフィンの血漿中プロフィルをもたらす請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記第1、第2、及び第3の経皮剤形が、下表の1列に記載されているブプレノルフィン量を含有する請求項4に記載の方法。
- 薬物依存症又は耐性による退薬症状又は禁断症状の所望の緩和を達成するために、患者により必要とされる所与の時期に後続の剤形による延長した後続投与期間をさらに含む請求項4に記載の方法。
- 前記後続剤形が、10mgのブプレノルフィンを含む請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記後続剤形が、20mgのブプレノルフィンを含む請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記後続剤形が、30mgのブプレノルフィンを含む請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記後続剤形が、40mgのブプレノルフィンを含む請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記後続剤形が、7日ごとに取り替えられる請求項7に記載の方法。
- 退薬症状が散逸した時点で投与量を次第に少なくするための後続剤形をさらに含む請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記投与計画は、後続剤形の投与後、ブプレノルフィンの血漿中平均濃度が、約800pg/mlであるブプレノルフィンの血漿中プロフィルをもたらす請求項7に記載の方法。
- 前記経皮剤形が、局所ゲル、ローション、軟膏、経粘膜システム、経粘膜デバイス、及びイオン泳動送達システムからなる群から選択される請求項1に記載の方法。
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NZ545505A (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2010-02-26 | Euro Celtique Sa | Transdermal administration of buprenorphine for treatment of dependence withdrawal |
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