JP2007313778A - 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法 - Google Patents
繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007313778A JP2007313778A JP2006146655A JP2006146655A JP2007313778A JP 2007313778 A JP2007313778 A JP 2007313778A JP 2006146655 A JP2006146655 A JP 2006146655A JP 2006146655 A JP2006146655 A JP 2006146655A JP 2007313778 A JP2007313778 A JP 2007313778A
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
- B29C66/024—Thermal pre-treatments
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
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- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
【課題】繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法であって、接合部の機械的強度が低下することのない、接合方法を提供すること。
【解決手段】
繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Aと繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Bを、両者の接合部を溶着することによって接合させるに際し、複合材Aの接合部にあらかじめ1以上の突起を形成せしめ、一方、複合材Bの接合部を予熱し軟化させ、複合材Aの突起を複合材Bの軟化した接合部に押し込み、次いで、複合材Aと複合材Bの接合部を加熱溶融して一体化させることからなる繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法。
【選択図】図1
【解決手段】
繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Aと繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Bを、両者の接合部を溶着することによって接合させるに際し、複合材Aの接合部にあらかじめ1以上の突起を形成せしめ、一方、複合材Bの接合部を予熱し軟化させ、複合材Aの突起を複合材Bの軟化した接合部に押し込み、次いで、複合材Aと複合材Bの接合部を加熱溶融して一体化させることからなる繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法。
【選択図】図1
Description
本発明は、繊維強化材料と熱可塑性樹脂とからなる複合材を接合する方法に関するものである。
近年、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維等の強化繊維材料は、各種のマトリックス樹脂と複合化され、得られる繊維強化複合材料は種々の分野・用途に広く利用されるようになってきた。そして、高度の機械的特性や耐熱性等を要求される航空・宇宙分野、車両分野、一般産業分野では、従来、マトリックス樹脂として、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂等の熱硬化性樹脂が使用されてきた。しかし、特に航空・宇宙分野や車両分野では、これらのマトリックス樹脂は、脆く、耐衝撃性に劣るという欠点を有する。これに対して、熱可塑性樹脂をマトリックス樹脂として用いて複合材料を製造したものは、耐衝撃性が優れ、かつ成形時間が短く、成形コスト低減の可能性もある。
一方、繊維強化複合材は、複雑な形状の部材を一体物として成形するのは困難であり、あらかじめ成形した単純形状の部材を接合して複雑な、あるいは大型の成形部材とすることが多い。接合方法としてはボルト等による機械的接合、接着剤等を用いた化学的接合、超音波溶接による接合等が知られている。しかしながら、ボルト等による機械的接合の場合は、ボルト孔の切削等の機械加工が必要になる上に、点接合のため、充分な接合強度を得ることが困難である。しかも、ボルト等の接合部材が成型体表面に露出するため、美観上好ましくない。また、接着剤等を用いた化学的接合や超音波溶接による接合の場合は、接着面に強化繊維が存在しないので、接合部の機械的強度が母材強度より大幅に低下してしまうという問題点がある。
繊維強化複合材を接合部の溶着によって接合する方法も行われている。しかし、この場合には、溶着面に対し平面的に配向された強化繊維が接合強度向上に寄与しないし、また、強化繊維の充填のため母材の樹脂溶着量が減少し、溶着部分の強度が保持できないという問題がある。かかる問題点を解決するために、接合部分に樹脂成分からなる突起部を設ける方法(特許文献1)や接合部の繊維を一部露出させた後接合部を加圧・溶着する方法(特許文献2)が提案されている。しかしながら、その効果は必ずしも十分ではなく、更なる改善が望まれている。
特開昭63−302023号公報
特開平11−90986号公報
本発明の課題は、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法であって、接合部の機械的強度が低下することのない、接合方法を提供することにある。
即ち、本発明は、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Aと繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Bを、両者の接合部を溶着することによって接合させるに際し、該複合材Aの接合部にあらかじめ1以上の突起を形成せしめ、一方、該複合材Bの接合部を予熱し軟化させ、該複合材Aの突起を該複合材Bの軟化した接合部に押し込み、次いで、該複合材Aと該複合材Bの接合部を加熱溶融して一体化させることを特徴とする繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法である。なお、本発明において、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の熱可塑性樹脂とは、熱可塑性樹脂を主成分とするマトリックス樹脂の意味であり、熱可塑性樹脂としての性質を維持する限り、一部熱硬化性樹脂やその他の第三成分を含んでいるものも含む。
本発明では、溶着面となる接合部に形成された突起内の強化繊維を、接合時の接合部の加熱溶融により、Z軸方向に配向制御した状態で複合材料の溶着・接合がなされる。その結果、溶着部分(接合部)は、3次元的にZ軸に配向制御された強化繊維により、強固に補強される。このため、熱可塑性樹脂母材同士の溶着強度並みの、機械的物性を得ることが可能となる。本発明では、あらかじめ一方の複合材料は予熱され樹脂が軟化しているので、他方の複合材料に形成された突起が、突起内の強化繊維と共に軟化部分に入り込み、強化繊維のアンカー効果により接合強度が高められるのである。
本発明の繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法を、図を用いて説明する。図1は複合材の接合前の状態を示しており、1は繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Aを、2は繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Bを示す。1aと2aは、それぞれの接合部を示す。3は複合材Aに形成された突起を示している。4は、溶着のための超音波ホーンを示している。図2は、複合材Aと複合材Bが、溶着・接合され両者の接合部1aと2aが、一体化された状態を示している。
本発明において複合材A及びBは、繊維強化材とマトリックス樹脂である熱可塑性樹脂とから形成されている中間部材であり、複合材AとBを接合することによって最終の成形品又は他の中間部材を形成するものであり、その形状・種類は特に制限されるものではない。
繊維強化材としては、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維、ボロン繊維、金属繊維等の、通常の繊維強化材に用いる材料が使用できる。中でも、炭素繊維、ガラス繊維、アラミド繊維が好ましい。繊維強化材の形態としては特に制限されず、織物又は不織布等が利用できる。織物としては、強化繊維フィラメントの束(強化繊維ストランド)を使用した織物を挙げることができ、例えば、経糸と緯糸に強化繊維ストランドを使用した平織物、綾織物、繻子織物等、あるいは一軸織物、多軸織物等を挙げることができる。織物を形成する強化繊維ストランドは、繊維径4〜8μmのモノフィラメントを一束あたり500〜24,000本とすることが好ましい。なお、一軸織物とは、互いに平行に並んだ強化繊維ストランドをナイロン糸、ポリエステル糸、ガラス繊維糸等で編んだ織物をいう。多軸織物とは、互いに平行に並んだ強化繊維ストランドを角度を変えて積層してナイロン糸、ポリエステル糸、ガラス繊維糸等で編んだ織物をいう。
繊維強化材として織物を使用する場合には、複数の織物を互いに角度を変えて積層してもよい。繊維強化材は、それ自体が強化繊維の配向が面対称のものを用いるか、あるいは複数の繊維強化材を、強化繊維の配向が面対称となるように組み合わせて積層し使用するのが好ましい。面対称の繊維強化材あるいは積層して面対称とした繊維強化材を用いることにより、積層板とした際に表面板の反りを防止できる。
本発明において用いられる熱可塑性樹脂は、特に制限されないが、融点又はガラス転移温度が、150℃以上の結晶性又は非晶性の熱可塑性樹脂が好ましい。好ましい樹脂の具体例は、ポリプロピレン、ポリスルホン、ポリエーテルスルホン、ポリエーテルケトン、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン、芳香族ポリアミド、芳香族ポリエステル、芳香族ポリカーボネート、ポリエーテルイミド、ポリアリーレンオキシド、熱可塑性ポリイミド、ポリアミド、ポリアミドイミドである。これらの樹脂は、2種以上併用しても良い。熱可塑性樹脂の性質を損なわない範囲で、熱硬化性樹脂も混合して用いることができる。熱硬化性樹脂としては、エポキシ樹脂、不飽和ポリエステル樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂、ポリウレタン樹脂、シリコン樹脂、マレイミド樹脂、ビニルエステル樹脂、シアン酸エステル樹脂等が挙げられる。
本発明においては、複合材Aと複合材Bを、両者の接合部を溶着することによって接合させるに際し、複合材Aの接合部にあらかじめ1以上の突起を形成せしめ、一方、複合材Bの接合部を予熱し軟化させ、前記複合材Aの突起を前記複合材Bの軟化した接合部に押し込み、次いで、複合材Aと複合材Bの接合部を加熱溶融して一体化させるものである。
本発明において複合材Aと複合材Bの接合部とは、図1の1aと2aの部分を意味し、この部分は、図2に示したように、加熱溶融によって溶着され一体化される。接合部の大きさや厚さは特に限定されるものではないが、接合部1aと2aの接合面は共に平滑な平面であるのが好ましい。複合材Aの接合部にあらかじめ1以上の突起が形成せしめられるが、突起とは、1本または複数のリブ状のものであっても良く、あるいは複数の円錐状又は円柱状の突起であっても良く、特に形状や大きさは限定されない。例えば、突起がリブ形状の場合、幅が1〜15mm、突起の突出高さが0.5〜3mm、複数の突起がある場合には、突起間の距離が0.5〜3mm程度であるのが好ましい。かかる突起は、例えば、複合材Aを圧縮成形法によって成形するときに同時に形成しておけば良い。かかる突起内では、通常、図1に模式的に示した様に、繊維強化材がZ軸方向に配向して存在している。
本発明においては、複合材Bの接合部を予熱し軟化させ、前記複合材Aの突起を前記複合材Bの軟化した接合部に押し込み、接合部を加熱溶融して一体化させる。予熱の方法・手段は特に制限されるものではない。複合材Bの接合部だけ予熱しても良いし、両方の接合部を同時に予熱しても良いが、同時に予熱する場合には、複合材Aに形成された突起がその形状を保つ条件を採用する必要がある。例えば、接合部1aと2aを接触させた状態で、複合材Bの接合部2aがより高温に加熱される条件で、超音波を照射すれば良い。予熱は接合部2a全体が加熱されても良く、あるいは、図1の5として模式的に示した様に、接合部2aの一部で接合部1aに接する面側が加熱されても良い。
また、複合材AとBのマトリックス樹脂の種類が異なる場合には、接合部1aと2aを接触させた状態で、加熱炉や赤外線ヒーター等で加熱しても良い。かかる場合には、複合材Aのマトリックス樹脂の融点及び/又は溶融粘度が、複合材Bのマトリックス樹脂の融点及び/又は溶融粘度よりも低くはないことが必要である。即ち、前者の融点及び/又は溶融粘度が、後者の融点及び/又は溶融粘度と等しいか、それよりも高いことが必要である。加熱温度は、マトリックス樹脂の少なくとも軟化点以上の温度、好ましくは溶融点以上の温度にする必要がある。
上記温度に加熱することによって、あるいは更に加圧も併用することによって、両者の接合部は溶融し一体化する。接合部1aと2aを溶着させる際には、接合部を加圧しつつ接合させるのが好ましい。かかる溶着・接合によって、複合材Aの突起内の強化繊維が、図2に模式的に示した様に、複合材Bの内部にも移動し、複合材Bの強化繊維と絡み合って接合強度が強化される。以下、実施例により本発明を詳述する。
[引張せん断強度の測定方法]
測定方法としてはJIS K 6850 に準じて行った。引張試験は、引張速度10mm/分にて、両者の接着面から90°方向に引っ張って行い、その最大荷重を接着面積で除した値を垂直接着強度(単位:MPa)とした。また、試料数はn=5とした。
測定方法としてはJIS K 6850 に準じて行った。引張試験は、引張速度10mm/分にて、両者の接着面から90°方向に引っ張って行い、その最大荷重を接着面積で除した値を垂直接着強度(単位:MPa)とした。また、試料数はn=5とした。
[複合材料(板状部材)の作成]
炭素繊維STS−24K(東邦テナックス社製、1.60g/m、24000本のストランド)をニードルパンチした不織布基材に、マトリックス樹脂として熱可塑性樹脂PA6(ナイロン6樹脂、宇部興産社製)を含浸させた中間材料を、プレス成形機にて0.1MPaの圧力をかけながら260℃で10分間加熱した。かかる圧縮成形により、厚さが3.0mm、繊維含有率40wt%の板状の複合材料を得た(複合材B)。圧縮成形に際して、板状部材の端から2.5mmの位置に幅10mm、高さ1mmのリブを形成した(複合材A)。
炭素繊維STS−24K(東邦テナックス社製、1.60g/m、24000本のストランド)をニードルパンチした不織布基材に、マトリックス樹脂として熱可塑性樹脂PA6(ナイロン6樹脂、宇部興産社製)を含浸させた中間材料を、プレス成形機にて0.1MPaの圧力をかけながら260℃で10分間加熱した。かかる圧縮成形により、厚さが3.0mm、繊維含有率40wt%の板状の複合材料を得た(複合材B)。圧縮成形に際して、板状部材の端から2.5mmの位置に幅10mm、高さ1mmのリブを形成した(複合材A)。
[複合材料AとBの接合]
上記で得られた複合材AとBの、それぞれ端から12.5mmの接合部を図1に示したような状態で接触させ、ブランソン社製超音波溶着機により、ホーン振幅40μm、150kPaの加圧力にて、複合材Bの接合部を溶融加熱(約240℃)しながら接合を行った。冷却後、試験片を切り出し、引張せん断強度を測定したところ、溶着強度は16MPaであった。これは、溶着強度に最も優れるABSの場合の引張せん断強度(15.9MPa)に匹敵する非常に優れた値であった。
上記で得られた複合材AとBの、それぞれ端から12.5mmの接合部を図1に示したような状態で接触させ、ブランソン社製超音波溶着機により、ホーン振幅40μm、150kPaの加圧力にて、複合材Bの接合部を溶融加熱(約240℃)しながら接合を行った。冷却後、試験片を切り出し、引張せん断強度を測定したところ、溶着強度は16MPaであった。これは、溶着強度に最も優れるABSの場合の引張せん断強度(15.9MPa)に匹敵する非常に優れた値であった。
1 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材A
2 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材B
3 複合材Aに形成された突起
4 溶着のための超音波ホーン
5 予熱部分
2 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材B
3 複合材Aに形成された突起
4 溶着のための超音波ホーン
5 予熱部分
Claims (2)
- 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Aと繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Bを、両者の接合部を溶着することによって接合させるに際し、該複合材Aの接合部にあらかじめ1以上の突起を形成せしめ、一方、該複合材Bの接合部を予熱し軟化させ、該複合材Aの突起を該複合材Bの軟化した接合部に押し込み、次いで、該複合材Aと該複合材Bの接合部を加熱溶融して一体化させることを特徴とする繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法。
- 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Aのマトリックス樹脂の融点及び/又は溶融粘度が、繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材Bのマトリックス樹脂の融点及び/又は溶融粘度よりも低くはないことを特徴とする請求項1記載の繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂複合材の接合方法。
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