JP2007261901A - Ceramic formed by using waste as main material, and its manufacturing method - Google Patents
Ceramic formed by using waste as main material, and its manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010883 coal ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010815 organic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 2
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012025 fluorinating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052655 plagioclase feldspar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 shells Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002916 wood waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、廃棄物である石炭灰等を利用して焼成されたセラミックスおよびその製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to ceramics fired using coal ash or the like, which is a waste, and a method for producing the same.
石炭灰は、主として火力発電により多量に発生する産業廃棄物であり、この石炭灰の処理方法としては、埋め立て等の陸上処理がほとんどで、一部がコンクリート用の骨材等混和材として利用されている。また、近年、石炭灰をセラミックス原料として用いてセラミックスを製造する技術が種々提案されている。
ところで、石炭灰の化学成分は、石炭灰の種類により差異はあるが、シリカ（ＳｉＯ２）、アルミナ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）、酸化鉄（Ｆｅ２Ｏ３）、酸化カルシウム（ＣａＯ）、酸化マグネシウム（ＭｇＯ）でありセラミックス原料として好適である。また、石炭灰は一度高温で処理されているため、焼成に際して異常膨張がなく、熱膨張係数も小さくて焼成安定性があると共に、迅速焼成や低温焼成が可能となる。 By the way, although the chemical composition of coal ash is different depending on the type of coal ash, silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ), calcium oxide (CaO), magnesium oxide. (MgO) and suitable as a ceramic raw material. In addition, since coal ash is treated once at a high temperature, there is no abnormal expansion during firing, the thermal expansion coefficient is small and firing stability is achieved, and rapid firing and low-temperature firing are possible.
他方、石炭灰は成形性に難点があるが、石灰系廃棄物やソーダ系廃棄物などを利用し、それら各々の成分を予め把握した上でセラミックス原料を調製すれば、成分的にソーダ系長石（Ｎａ２Ｏ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＯ２）と石灰系長石（ＣａＯ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＯ２）との中間に位置する斜長石（Ｎａ２Ｏ，ＣａＯ，Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＯ２）とほぼ同様の累帯構造を呈し、様々な用途に活用可能な多孔体、緻密体を得ることができる。 On the other hand, coal ash has difficulties in formability, but if lime-based waste or soda-based waste is used and the ceramic raw materials are prepared after grasping each component in advance, soda-type feldspar Plagioclase (Na 2 O, CaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ) located between (Na 2 O, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ) and limestone feldspar (CaO, Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 ) ) And a porous body and a dense body that can be used for various purposes.
本願発明者は、石炭灰を中心としたこのような廃棄物を再利用して様々なセラミックスを提供できる点に着目し本発明を想起したものであり、すなわち、本発明の課題は、異常膨張がなく熱膨張係数も小さく焼成安定性があり大型製品を形成可能であると共に、迅速焼成および低温焼成が可能で、かつ廃棄物を有効に活用して様々な用途に活用できる、廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスおよびその製造方法を提供することにある。 The inventor of the present application has conceived the present invention by paying attention to the point that it is possible to provide various ceramics by reusing such waste mainly from coal ash. It has a low thermal expansion coefficient, stable firing, can form large products, can be fired quickly and at low temperatures, and can be used for various purposes by effectively using waste. It is to provide a ceramic as a material and a method for manufacturing the same.
上記課題を解決するものは、石炭灰と石灰系廃棄物とを主材として焼成されたことを特徴とする廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスである。 What solves the said subject is the ceramics which made the waste the main material characterized by baking by making coal ash and the lime-type waste the main materials.
また、上記課題を解決するものは、石炭灰とソーダ系廃棄物とを主材として焼成されたことを特徴とする廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスである。 Moreover, what solves the said subject is the ceramics which made the waste the main material characterized by baking by making coal ash and soda-type waste into the main material.
さらに、上記課題を解決するものは、石炭灰と石灰系廃棄物とソーダ系廃棄物とを主材として焼成されたことを特徴とする廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスである。 Furthermore, what solves the said subject is the ceramics which made the waste the main material characterized by baking by making coal ash, the lime waste, and the soda waste into the main material.
さらに、上記課題を解決するものは、石炭灰のみを主材として成形及び焼結剤を添加して焼成されたことを特徴とする廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスである。 Furthermore, what solves the said subject is the ceramics which made the waste the main material characterized by having been baked by adding a shaping | molding and sintering agent by making only coal ash the main material.
さらに、上記課題を解決するものは、石炭灰、或いは、石炭灰と、石灰系廃棄物またはソーダ系廃棄物のうち少なくとも１つを主材とし、気孔形成材を添加して焼成されたことを特徴とする廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスである。 Further, what solves the above-mentioned problem is that coal ash, or coal ash, and at least one of lime-based waste or soda-based waste as a main material, added with a pore-forming material, and fired. It is a ceramic mainly composed of the characteristic waste.
さらに、上記課題を解決するものは、石炭灰、或いは、石炭灰と、石灰系廃棄物またはソーダ系廃棄物のうち少なくとも１つを主材とし、金属汚泥、カラミまたはスラグのうち少なくとも一つを添加して焼成されたことを特徴とする廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスである。 Furthermore, what solves the said subject is made from coal ash or coal ash and at least one of lime-based waste or soda-based waste as a main material, and at least one of metal sludge, calami or slag. It is a ceramic mainly composed of waste, which is characterized by being added and fired.
さらに、上記課題を解決するものは、石炭灰と、石灰系廃棄物またはソーダ系廃棄物のうち少なくとも１つを主材としてセラミックス原料を作製する工程と、前記セラミックス原料を用いて成形する成形工程と、成形体を乾燥する乾燥工程と、乾燥した成形体を焼成する焼成工程とを経て製造されることを特徴とする廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスの製造方法である。 Furthermore, what solves the said subject is the process of producing a ceramic raw material using at least one of coal ash and lime-based waste or soda-based waste as a main material, and a forming step of forming using the ceramic raw material And a method for producing ceramics using waste as a main material, which is produced through a drying step for drying the formed body and a firing step for firing the dried formed body.
請求項１ないし４に記載の発明によれば、異常膨張がなく熱膨張係数も小さく焼成安定性があり大型製品を形成可能であると共に、迅速焼成および低温焼成が可能で、かつ廃棄物を有効に活用して様々な用途に活用できる廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスとなる。
請求項５に記載の発明によれば、上記請求項１の効果に加え、より軽量なセラミックスとなる。
請求項６に記載の発明によれば、幅広い色合いを呈したセラミックスとなる。
請求項７に記載の発明によれば、異常膨張がなく熱膨張係数も小さく焼成安定性があり大型製品を形成可能であると共に、迅速焼成および低温焼成が可能で、かつ廃棄物を有効に活用して様々な用途に活用できる廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスを作製できる。
According to the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, there is no abnormal expansion, a small thermal expansion coefficient, a stable firing, a large product can be formed, a rapid firing and a low-temperature firing are possible, and waste is effectively used. It becomes ceramics with waste as the main material that can be used for various purposes.
According to the fifth aspect of the invention, in addition to the effect of the first aspect, the lighter ceramic is obtained.
According to invention of Claim 6, it becomes ceramics which exhibited a wide hue.
According to the invention described in claim 7, there is no abnormal expansion, a small coefficient of thermal expansion, a stable firing, a large product can be formed, rapid firing and low-temperature firing are possible, and waste is effectively utilized. Thus, it is possible to produce ceramics mainly composed of waste that can be used for various purposes.
本発明の廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスおよびその製造方法は、石炭灰を中心とした廃棄物によりセラミックスを形成することを主要な特徴とする。 The main feature of the ceramics and the manufacturing method therefor of which the waste material of the present invention is a main material is that the ceramics is formed from wastes mainly composed of coal ash.
本発明の廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスは、石炭灰単独、或いは石炭灰と、石灰系廃棄物またはソーダ系廃棄物のうち少なくとも１つを主材としてセラミックス原料が調製され焼成されたセラミックスである。以下、各構成について具体的に説明する。 The ceramics mainly composed of the waste of the present invention is a ceramic in which a ceramic raw material is prepared and fired using coal ash alone or coal ash and at least one of lime-based waste or soda-based waste as a main material. is there. Each configuration will be specifically described below.
石炭灰は、主として火力発電所で使用されている石炭の残灰（燃え滓）であり、粒度の小さく球状のフライアッシュ（約９０％）と、粒度が大きく多孔質のクリンカアッシュ（約１０％）とからなる。この石炭灰は、粘土石英系廃棄物であり、大量に存在するため、セラミックス原料して好適であると共に、一度高温で熱処理されているため、異常膨張がなく、収縮率も小さく、熱膨張係数も小さいため焼成安定性に優れている。 Coal ash is the residual ash (burning residue) of coal used mainly in thermal power plants, with small particle size spherical fly ash (about 90%) and large particle size porous clinker ash (about 10%). ). Since this coal ash is a clay quartz waste and is present in large quantities, it is suitable as a ceramic raw material, and since it has been heat-treated once at a high temperature, there is no abnormal expansion, a small shrinkage, and a thermal expansion coefficient. Is also excellent in firing stability.
粘土石英系廃棄物としては、山砂利汚泥、珪砂鉱山汚泥、長石鉱山汚泥などの各種汚泥を利用することも考えられるが、これらは高温処理がされておらず、高温処理されている上記石炭灰の利点を有しないため、石炭灰と共にセラミックス原料の一部として使用することができる。 Various types of sludge such as mountain gravel sludge, silica sand mine sludge, feldspar mine sludge, etc. may be used as clay quartz waste, but these are not treated at high temperature and the above coal ash is treated at high temperature. Therefore, it can be used as a part of the ceramic raw material together with coal ash.
石炭灰の含有量は、調製するセラミックス原料の３０〜９９重量％の範囲内であることが好ましい。３０重量％未満であると、前述した石炭灰の利点が十分にセラミックスに反映されず、他方、９９重量％を越えると成形不能となるからである。 The coal ash content is preferably in the range of 30 to 99% by weight of the ceramic raw material to be prepared. This is because if it is less than 30% by weight, the advantages of the coal ash described above are not sufficiently reflected in the ceramics, whereas if it exceeds 99% by weight, molding becomes impossible.
石灰系廃棄物は、セラミックス原料であると共に成形剤および焼結剤としても作用するものであり、石灰石鉱山汚泥、貝殻、廃棄セメント（セメント汚泥、コンクリート汚泥）、カーバイトカス、石膏廃棄物、廃棄水酸化カルシウムなどが好適に使用できる。なお、この石灰系廃棄物の含有量としては、調製するセラミックス原料の５〜３５重量％の範囲内であることが好ましい。５重量％未満であると、成形剤および焼結剤として十分に作用せず、他方、３５重量％を越えると、焼成によって部分的に熔融せず焼成体が崩壊するおそれがあるからである。 Lime-based waste is a raw material for ceramics and acts as a molding agent and a sintering agent. Limestone mine sludge, shells, waste cement (cement sludge, concrete sludge), carbide waste, gypsum waste, waste Calcium hydroxide and the like can be preferably used. In addition, as content of this lime waste, it is preferable to exist in the range of 5-35 weight% of the ceramic raw material to prepare. If it is less than 5% by weight, it does not sufficiently act as a molding agent and a sintering agent. On the other hand, if it exceeds 35% by weight, it may not be partially melted by firing and the fired body may collapse.
ソーダ系廃棄物もまた、セラミックス原料であると共に成形剤および焼結剤としても作用するものであり、ガラスビンや板ガラス、廃棄水ガラスなどの廃棄ガラスが好適に使用できる。なお、このソーダ系廃棄物の含有量としては、調製するセラミックス原料の５〜６０重量％の範囲内であることが好ましい。５重量％未満であると、成形剤および焼結剤として十分に作用せず、他方、４０重量％〜６０重量％であると緻密体となり、さらに、６０重量％を越えると発泡体となって焼成後の寸法精度を維持できなくなるおそれがあるからである。 Soda waste is also a ceramic raw material and acts as a molding agent and a sintering agent, and waste glass such as glass bottles, plate glass, and waste water glass can be preferably used. In addition, as content of this soda-type waste material, it is preferable to exist in the range of 5 to 60 weight% of the ceramic raw material to prepare. When it is less than 5% by weight, it does not sufficiently act as a molding agent and a sintering agent. On the other hand, when it is 40% by weight to 60% by weight, it becomes a dense body, and when it exceeds 60% by weight, it becomes a foam. This is because the dimensional accuracy after firing may not be maintained.
本発明の廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスは、これら石炭灰、石灰系廃棄物、ソーダ系廃棄物を主材としてセラミックス原料が調製され焼成されたセラミックスであるが、成形・焼結剤として廃棄物ではない未使用材料が添加されていてもよい。 Ceramics based on the waste of the present invention are ceramics prepared and fired from ceramic raw materials using these coal ash, lime-based waste and soda-based waste as main materials, but discarded as molding and sintering agents. An unused material which is not a product may be added.
また、セラミックス原料内には、気孔形成材を添加してもよく、これにより、より軽量なセラミックスを作製できる。気孔形成材としては、発泡ガラス（予め発泡させたガラス）や各種有機廃棄物（例えば発泡スチロールや木屑）などが好適に使用できる。 In addition, a pore forming material may be added to the ceramic raw material, thereby making it possible to produce a lighter ceramic. As the pore forming material, foamed glass (foamed in advance) or various organic wastes (for example, foamed polystyrene or wood waste) can be suitably used.
さらに、セラミックス原料内には、金属汚泥（例えば金属鉱山や金属製練から発生する汚泥）、カラミ、スラグなどを呈色材として添加してもよく、これによって、それらが含有する金属の種類によって様々な色合いを呈し装飾材として好適なセラミックスを得ることができる。 Furthermore, in the ceramic raw material, metal sludge (for example, sludge generated from metal mining or metal smelting), calami, slag, etc. may be added as a colorant, and depending on the type of metal they contain. Ceramics that exhibit various shades and are suitable as a decorative material can be obtained.
また、本発明の廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスの製造方法は、石炭灰と、石灰系廃棄物またはガラス系廃棄のうち少なくとも１つを主材としてセラミックス原料を作製する工程と、前記セラミックス原料を用いて成形する成形工程と、成形体を乾燥する乾燥工程と、乾燥した成形体を焼成する焼成工程とを経て製造されるセラミックスの製造方法であるが、セラミックス原料の作製工程、成形工程、乾燥工程および焼成工程は、様々な公知の方法にて実施することができる。ただし、本発明の廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスは、７００〜１１００℃程度の低温で焼成可能であり、また、昇温から焼成までに要する時間が、焼成するセラミックスの大きさによって異なるが、２〜３時間程度と極めて短時間で焼成可能である。さらに、焼成安定性に優れているため、例えば１ｍ以上の大型製品を寸法精度を保持して焼成可能である。 In addition, the method for producing ceramics using the waste of the present invention as a main material includes a step of producing a ceramic material using coal ash and at least one of lime-based waste or glass-based waste as a main material, and the ceramic material. Is a ceramic manufacturing method that is manufactured through a molding process, a drying process for drying the molded body, and a firing process for firing the dried molded body. A drying process and a baking process can be implemented by various well-known methods. However, the ceramics based on the waste of the present invention can be fired at a low temperature of about 700 to 1100 ° C., and the time required from the temperature rise to the firing varies depending on the size of the ceramic to be fired. It can be fired in a very short time of about 2 to 3 hours. Furthermore, since it is excellent in firing stability, for example, a large product of 1 m or more can be fired while maintaining dimensional accuracy.
石炭灰５０重量％、石灰系廃棄物として石灰石鉱山汚泥３０重量％、山砂利汚泥２０重量％を混合してセラミックス原料を調製し、乾式プレスにて成形した。この成形体を乾燥した後、焼成炉内に配し、最高温度１１００℃（９００〜１１００℃であれば焼成可能）で２時間焼成して請求項１に記載のセラミックスを作製した。得られたセラミックスは、内部に連続気孔が形成された多孔体であり、嵩比重１．２ｇ／ｃｃ、吸水率２８％、焼成収縮率０％であった。なお、このセラミックス原料に水分２５％を加え練り土状態としたものは、手でも任意の形状とすることができる程、造形が容易なものであり、明るい土色を呈し、作陶用陶土としても使用可能であった。 A ceramic raw material was prepared by mixing 50% by weight of coal ash, 30% by weight of limestone mine sludge and 20% by weight of mountain gravel sludge as a lime-based waste, and molded with a dry press. The molded body was dried, then placed in a firing furnace, and fired at a maximum temperature of 1100 ° C. (can be fired at 900 to 1100 ° C.) for 2 hours to produce the ceramic according to claim 1. The obtained ceramic was a porous body in which continuous pores were formed, and had a bulk specific gravity of 1.2 g / cc, a water absorption rate of 28%, and a firing shrinkage rate of 0%. In addition, this ceramic raw material with 25% moisture added to a kneaded soil state is so easy that it can be shaped into any shape by hand, has a bright earth color, and is used as a clay for pottery. Could also be used.
石炭灰３５重量％、ソーダ系廃棄物としてガラス瓶粉末４０重量％、発泡ガラス２０重量％、粘性付与剤としてベントナイト５重量％を水を用いて混合してセラミックス原料を調製し、乾式プレスにて成形した。この成形体を乾燥した後、焼成炉内に配し、最高温度９００℃で３時間焼成した請求項２に記載のセラミックスを作製した。得られたセラミックスは、内部に単独気孔が形成された多孔体でかつ緻密体であり、嵩比重１．６ｇ／ｃｃ、吸水率０％、焼成収縮率８％であった。 A ceramic raw material is prepared by mixing 35% by weight of coal ash, 40% by weight of glass bottle powder as soda-based waste, 20% by weight of foamed glass, and 5% by weight of bentonite as a viscosity-imparting agent. did. The formed body was dried, then placed in a firing furnace, and the ceramic according to claim 2 was fired at a maximum temperature of 900 ° C. for 3 hours. The obtained ceramic was a porous body having a single pore formed therein and a dense body, and had a bulk specific gravity of 1.6 g / cc, a water absorption rate of 0%, and a firing shrinkage rate of 8%.
石炭灰６０重量％、石灰系廃棄物として石灰石鉱山汚泥２０重量％、ソーダ系廃棄物としてガラス瓶粉末１８重量％、気孔形成材として有機廃棄物（発泡スチロール）２重量％を混合してセラミックス原料を調製し、１ｍ×１ｍ×０．３ｍの板状体を振動プレスにて成形した。この成形体を乾燥した後、焼成炉内に配し、最高温度１０５０℃で２時間焼成して請求項３または請求項５に記載のセラミックスを作製した。得られたセラミックスは、嵩比重０．３ｇ／ｃｃ、吸水率１００％、焼成収縮率１％、乾燥収縮率０％であり、気孔が粗く、吸音性、遮音性に優れた多孔体であった。 A ceramic raw material is prepared by mixing 60% by weight of coal ash, 20% by weight of limestone mine sludge as lime-based waste, 18% by weight of glass bottle powder as soda-based waste, and 2% by weight of organic waste (styrene foam) as pore-forming material. Then, a 1 m × 1 m × 0.3 m plate was formed by a vibration press. The molded body was dried, then placed in a firing furnace, and fired at a maximum temperature of 1050 ° C. for 2 hours to produce the ceramic according to claim 3 or claim 5. The obtained ceramic was a porous body having a bulk specific gravity of 0.3 g / cc, a water absorption rate of 100%, a firing shrinkage rate of 1%, and a drying shrinkage rate of 0%, coarse pores, and excellent sound absorption and sound insulation properties. .
石炭灰９５重量％に、成形および焼結剤として水ガラスの粉末５重量％を含有した水溶液を添加してセラミックス原料を調製し、乾式プレスにて成形した。この成形体を乾燥した後、焼成炉内に配し、最高温度１０００℃で３時間焼成して請求項４に記載のセラミックスを作製した。得られたセラミックスは、嵩比重１．２ｇ／ｃｃ、吸水率３５％、焼成収縮率０％、乾燥収縮率０％の多孔体であった。 A ceramic raw material was prepared by adding an aqueous solution containing 5% by weight of water glass powder as a forming and sintering agent to 95% by weight of coal ash, and formed by a dry press. The molded body was dried, then placed in a firing furnace, and fired at a maximum temperature of 1000 ° C. for 3 hours to produce the ceramic according to claim 4. The obtained ceramic was a porous body having a bulk specific gravity of 1.2 g / cc, a water absorption of 35%, a firing shrinkage of 0%, and a dry shrinkage of 0%.
石炭灰９９重量％に、成形および焼結剤としてクボフラックス（商標名：特殊硼酸塩、燐酸塩、弗化剤からなる成形および焼結剤）１重量％を含有した水溶液を添加してセラミックス原料を調製し、乾式プレスにて成形した。この成形体を乾燥した後、焼成炉内に配し、最高温度９００℃で２時間焼成して請求項４に記載のセラミックスを作製した。得られたセラミックスは、吸水率４０％、焼成収縮率０％の多孔体であった。 A ceramic raw material containing 99% by weight of coal ash and an aqueous solution containing 1% by weight of Kuboflux (trade name: molding and sintering agent comprising a special borate, phosphate, and fluorinating agent) as a forming and sintering agent Was prepared and molded with a dry press. The molded body was dried, then placed in a firing furnace, and fired at a maximum temperature of 900 ° C. for 2 hours to produce the ceramic according to claim 4. The obtained ceramic was a porous body having a water absorption rate of 40% and a firing shrinkage rate of 0%.
本発明の廃棄物を主材としたセラミックスは、種々の廃棄物を有効活用できると共に、焼成安定性に優れ迅速焼成および低温焼成が可能であり、周知の加飾方法により施釉することにより、陶器、タイルなどのセラミックス製品を低廉に作製できる。また、軽量体から緻密体まで様々なセラミックス製品を作製であるため、吸音材、遮温材、断熱材、内外壁材などの建築材料などとして広く利用可能である。 Ceramics based on the waste material of the present invention can effectively use various waste materials, have excellent firing stability, and can be fired quickly and at low temperature. Ceramic products such as tiles can be manufactured at low cost. In addition, since various ceramic products are manufactured from lightweight bodies to dense bodies, they can be widely used as building materials such as sound absorbing materials, heat insulating materials, heat insulating materials, and inner and outer wall materials.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008285398A (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-27 | Korea Inst Of Geoscience & Mineral Resources | Eco-friendly echo brick manufacturing method using briquette ash |
| CN109776067A (en) * | 2019-02-24 | 2019-05-21 | 遵义能矿投资股份有限公司 | A method for preparing sintered water-permeable material by using clay |
| CN110194653A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-09-03 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of iron tailings heat absorption ceramic material and preparation method |
| CN112552008A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-26 | 贺州学院 | Preparation method of high-porosity baking-free ceramsite with highly communicated pore structures |
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2006
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008285398A (en) * | 2007-05-16 | 2008-11-27 | Korea Inst Of Geoscience & Mineral Resources | Eco-friendly echo brick manufacturing method using briquette ash |
| CN109776067A (en) * | 2019-02-24 | 2019-05-21 | 遵义能矿投资股份有限公司 | A method for preparing sintered water-permeable material by using clay |
| CN110194653A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-09-03 | 河北工业大学 | A kind of iron tailings heat absorption ceramic material and preparation method |
| CN110194653B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2022-03-15 | 河北工业大学 | Iron tailing heat absorption functional ceramic material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112552008A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-03-26 | 贺州学院 | Preparation method of high-porosity baking-free ceramsite with highly communicated pore structures |
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