JP2007228880A - Machine for furrowing subsoil and improving soil layers - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve problems, where the work of furrowing the subsoil and improving soil layers between ridges is required for sugar cane production because of the treading pressure exerted by a large harvester in harvesting; however, a ground surface is ordinary covered with a large amount of residual material for the prevention of weeds growth and when the work for furrowing the subsoil and improving soil layers is performed, the ground surface has to be kept unexposed and the damage to new sprouts by thrown soil clumps must be avoided but if the residual material entwines a working machine, the residual material is mixed with soil and forms lumps, causing the increase of traction resistance and leading to the ground surface exposure which is caused by the movement of the residual materials dragged by the lumps. <P>SOLUTION: The efficiency in the work of furrowing the subsoil and improving soil layers is enhanced by: attaching a divided claw having a blade to the middle part of a plow body of the working machine in a manner inclined forward and extended to the frame position; lifting the residual materials between ridges by converting the subsoil throwing energy to a ground surface lifting energy; and thrusting the residual materials with the forwardly inclined divided claw having a blade to separate out and to divide without entwining. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention creates a narrow groove in the field, drops the upper soil into the groove gap, expands the rhizosphere region with partial thick layer soil up to the excavated subsoil layer, and improves permeation drainage. The present invention relates to a trench soil improvement work machine, and relates to a subsoil trench improvement work machine in a field with many residues.

In particular, it aims to crush and improve the soil including the subsoil between the ribs while leaving the residue covering the straw without damaging the sprout that emerged from the stump in the sugarcane field.

  As a conventional subsoil groove improvement work machine, a work machine described in Patent Document 1 has been put into practical use. As shown in Fig. 9, insert the frame into the ground more than 30cm deep, release the trench soil to the ground, reduce the traction resistance, and use the maximum traction force of the tractor and other towing vehicles as deep as possible from the ground. The soil is cultivated to loosen and improve drainage, and at the same time, the hard board layer is crushed.

  The hard board layer penetrates the water in the soil, which is created by compaction by striking the lower layer generated by the rotation of rotary claws as shown in Fig. 10 by stepping on heavy tractors and work machines many times. It is a hard layer that does not occur. Normally, the place pressed by the tractor and the work machine is crushed by rotary tillage work or the like, but the portion where the rotary blade 70 does not reach as shown in FIG.

  The hard board layer not only impedes water permeability but also prevents the growth of crop roots, leading to crop lodging and yield loss.

The soil for making the upper crop in the field cross section shown in FIG. The soil below the soil layer a is called the subsoil. The hard layer k occurs at the boundary between the soil layer a and the subsoil layer b, and is often harder than the subsoil. Therefore, water permeability is deteriorated and moisture damage is caused. Capillary action is also deteriorated and it tends to become wrinkles. Therefore, the narrow rhizosphere is considered to be significantly affected by the weather.

  In the subsoil improvement work machine as shown in FIG. 9 described in Patent Document 1, a soil repellent plate 72 is attached to the front of the beam, and the soil excavated by the chisel 71 is repellent. It is structured to rise (slide) along the plate 72 and discharge to the ground surface.

  As shown in Fig. 9, the plowing method that raises the subsoil and discharges it to the ground while crushing the hardwood layer crushes the hardwood layer and improves the water permeability over a long period of time. Although it is a layer improvement machine, in the special case where it is used in a large amount of residue such as the sugar cane field that is the subject of this project, it must be prevented that the soil is discharged to the ground and damage the shoots by the clod.

Sugarcane is a perennial plant that grows and repeatedly harvests shoots from the same strain for about 5 years. It is the stems that are removed from the field at the time of harvest, and the other stems and leaves are left as residue Z in the field. Therefore, the ground surface is covered with residue Z, except when it is reverse-plowed with plows once every five years, including residues and stumps.
Since the leftover residue Z covers the ground surface, it can prevent the outflow of red soil and the generation of weeds. Furthermore, since there is a water retention / heat retention effect, microorganisms can be grown.

  Therefore, in a sugarcane field, when a subsoil trench improvement machine as shown in FIG. 9 is used, the residue Z is entangled with the beam and the work is prevented from continuing. Furthermore, since the subsoil is dissipated on the residue Z, the soil covers the ground surface, which causes weeds to grow and hinders the water retaining and heat retaining effects. Furthermore, when the subsoil is released, the soil is released and broken or buried in the sprout generated from the stock.

  In other words, the subsoil improvement in the sugarcane field is made by crushing the subsoil layer a and the hard bed layer k while leaving the residue covering the reeds, improving the drainage and the rhizosphere. It is necessary to expand the area and create a soil where microorganisms can grow easily.

Therefore, a working machine as shown in FIG. 8 described in Patent Document 2 devised so as not to let the soil be released to the ground has been put into practical use. This work machine can perform a subsoil trench improvement work that makes it possible to lift the subsoil narrowly by placing a box between sugarcane ridges.

  The chassis 60 of FIG. 8 described in Patent Document 2 raises the subsoil, and releases the subsoil to the soil layer so as to rise between the foliage of the residue Z and the ground surface. Without releasing the soil, the split claw can move forward while interrupting and separating where the residue Z, which has been lifted by the ridges of the furrow, has been separated to the left and right.

JP-A-9-322601 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2006-6182

  However, if the residue Z is large and cannot be separated as shown in FIG. 6, the residue Z gets over the split claw 61 and entangles with the beam portion as shown in FIG. It sometimes became traction resistance. At this time, the work must be interrupted and the lump of residue must be removed. For this reason, continuous work was sometimes interrupted.

  Furthermore, since the surrounding residue is moved to expose the ground surface, the work must be interrupted and removed immediately.

  In order to remove the lump of residue, the tractor must be stopped, alighted, and removed using a tool such as a sickle, which was the main cause of lowering work efficiency.

  Sugarcane is a perennial plant that grows shoots from the same strain every year for about 5 years and repeats harvesting. When harvesting, a heavy harvester runs through all the furrows, and the soil treading is a major factor hindering the growth of shoots. Therefore, there is a strong demand for improvement of the subsoil basin. However, the surface of the sugarcane field after harvesting is always covered with a large amount of residue, preventing weeds from growing.

Therefore, when the subsoil trench improvement work is carried out, the subsoil subsoil improvement must be performed while leaving the residue on the ground surface. In addition, the double problem of not damaging the sprouts by releasing a mass of soil on the surface must be solved. A large amount of residue gets entangled in the frame and becomes a lump by entraining soil, increasing traction resistance and moving the residue to expose the ground surface, so work efficiency can be improved by interrupting work, removing lump etc. Was significantly worse.

  The present invention includes a beam attached to a towed frame and having a soil raising function by a chisel and a soil repellent plate, and a dividing blade for dividing the soil attached to the beam and raised by the chisel. A split claw, the split blade is formed in the direction of travel, and the split blade is inclined or curved forward in the direction of travel, and its energy to be released to the ground surface is increased. By changing the energy to be released to the soil layer along the way, the soil layer covering the ground surface by raising the soil layer in the central part of the ridge greatly rises to the center of the basin, so that the soil layer naturally separates to the left and right. Promoting uplift and dividing the residue, further separating it left and right with the split claws in the previous period, and allowing the work to continue with the residue covering the fence without leaving the residue entangled with the beam It is a subsoil work groove soil layer improved machine according to symptoms.

The split nail is attached to the beam and extends to the position of the horizontal frame or near the horizontal frame. The earth repellent plate is a lower mounting position of the split nail. It is a subsoil-groove soil layer characterized by extending upward beyond and curved forward.

  When working with the subsoil groove improvement machine of the present invention, the split claws are inclined in the direction of travel, extended to the position of the frame or in the vicinity thereof, and blades are attached toward the direction of travel, so the chisel and The ground surface greatly raised by the subsoil raised by the soil repellent plate and the residue Z lifted by the raised nail on the forwardly divided claws are separated into left and right, and the work implement advances.

  The subsoil b ′ excavated by the chisel slides and rises on the soil repellent plate. At that time, earth pressure P is generated in the upper part and works to make the ground surface rise greatly. As the rising subsoil b ′ and earth pressure P abut against the divided claws, the raised portion h becomes larger. If the split claws are tilted forward, the energy for raising the ground surface will increase, and the raised portion h will further increase. Therefore, a split claw that extends to the frame is required.

  As the ground surface rises greatly, one side of the residue is lifted, lifted and lightened as shown in Fig. 7, and naturally separated into left and right, so the residue is separated in advance before the split claw contacts Play a role.

  In addition, the residue lifted on one side of the raised ground surface moves to the lower center of gravity, so that the lower part hardly moves even if it comes into contact with the divided claws, and the ground surface is rarely exposed.

  As a result, the residue is less likely to become a large lump, so traction resistance is unlikely to occur, the tractor is stopped, and the removal of the lump of residue is not interrupted, so the work is not interrupted and the efficiency is greatly improved. improves.

  As described above, the subsoil layer is excavated with a chisel, and the soil is lifted with a soil repellent plate and discharged to the ground surface. By attaching split claws with blades on the surface, the energy to excavate the subsoil layer is stopped halfway, and by changing to energy that raises the soil between the ribs, the residues in the ribs are lifted and floated greatly did.

By this action, the residue is not entangled with the split claws, and the residue can be interrupted and, in particular, divided. By this means, it was possible to loosen the subsoil in the intercostal space while leaving the ground covered with residues without releasing the clod to the surface. As a result, the work efficiency of the subsoil improvement work to improve the soil environment in the furrow where sugarcane shoots are cultivated while leaving residues in the furrow has been remarkably improved.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with respect to the first, second and third embodiments.

  A first embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, a second embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, and a third embodiment is shown in FIG. At the rear of the tractor 1, there are two lower links 8 that are moved up and down by hydraulic pressure and one top link 9. The top link 9 is connected to the mast 10 of the work machine by pins, and the lower link 8 is connected to the frame 11. They are connected by pins and pulled by the tractor 1 to work.

  When driving on a road or in a headland in a field, the lower link 8 is raised at a high pressure by hydraulic pressure to lift the work implement and interrupt the plowing work to move.

A mast 10 and a frame 11 are fixed to the horizontal frame 12, and a beam plate 13 and a split claw plate 16 are attached to the horizontal frame 12 so as to be movable or removable by a horizontal frame bolt 15.
A beam 14 is attached to the beam plate 13, a chisel 21 is attached to the lower end portion of the beam 14, and a soil repellent plate 22 is attached to the intermediate portion. On the upper part of the soil repellent plate 22, a split claw 25 inclined forward in the traveling direction is fixed to the split claw plate 16 with a bolt 26, and further fixed to the beam 14 with a bolt 27.

  The subsoil groove 20 is constructed by such a combination, and the subsoil excavated by the chisel 21 by pulling the work machine 2 is lifted by the soil repellent plate 22 and lifted by the divided claws 25 and released. By stopping the drowning energy on the way and changing it to a raised energy, the residues in the furrows are lifted and floated. In other words, the split claws 25 have no function of raising the soil, so that even if the ground surface rises, the subsoil is prevented from being released to the ground surface.

  The lower link 8 of the tractor 1 is in a free state during work. The lower link 8 has a force to lift the work machine, but has no force to push downward. The work machine bites into the soil due to the piercing ability of the machine body 20 (generated by suction) so that the machine body 20 stays at a position corresponding to the length of the top link 9 and the frame shape of the work machine by the action at the time of towing. It has become.

  For example, in the case of plows, suction is a kind of relief (dent) given to the ground side plate, the plowing blade plate, and the frame of the frame, and the plowing depth, plowing width, traveling direction, etc. The stability of the water and the good penetration into the soil at all times. That escape.

  Further, by loosening the horizontal frame bolt 15, the beam plate 13 and the split claw plate 16 can be slid on the horizontal frame 12 and fixed at an arbitrary position. With this configuration, the position of the housing 20 can be made wider than the width of the tractor, can be narrowed toward the center, or can be set at a position between the ridges.

  The split claw 25 attached to the middle stage of the beam 14 of the housing 20 is fixed to the beam 14 by a bolt 27 and simultaneously fixed to the split claw plate 16 by a bolt 26, but the reinforcement indicated by the dotted line in FIG. If the plate 28 is used, the mounting of the bolt 26 can be omitted. If the two bolts 26 are firmly fixed, the bolt 27 and the reinforcing plate 28 can be omitted.

  However, in fields with a lot of heavy clay and rocks, it is desirable to reinforce by using the three fixing methods of the bolts 26 and 27 and the reinforcing plate 28 together. However, it is preferable that the reinforcing plate 28 and the reinforcing member 19 of the second embodiment of FIG.

A case of working with the working machine configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 3, 6, and 7. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3, the subsoil b ′ of the subsoil layer b is lifted by the chisel 21 at the lower end of the casing 20 that moves forward, and slides on the soil repellent plate 22 to reach the divided claws 25. At this time, since the soil layer a and the hard layer k are crushed by the earth pressure P from below and the subsoil trench groove layer is improved, the soil layer a becomes softened and the water permeability is improved.

The earth pressure P plays a role of lifting the ground surface, but by contacting the forwardly inclined divided claws 25, the earth pressure P plays a role of further rising due to the synergistic effect of the earth pressure P and the raised subsoil b ′.
As a result of this action, a part of the residue is lifted and the center of gravity G moves downward as shown in FIG. 7, so even if the residue Z comes into contact with the split claw 25, the lower part is difficult to move, and the upper part lifted Can be easily separated. As a result, the residue Z is efficiently separated as shown in FIG.

However, for some reason, a deposit Z ′ of residue may be generated as shown in FIG. 3, but the split claw 25 is provided with a ground surface and an inclination angle θ so as to be inclined forward. Since the deposit Z ′ of the residue is sandwiched between the split claws 25, the split claws interrupt and push and separate.
It is necessary to consider the rationality when the inclination angle θ is attached to the work machine.

  As described above, when working with the subsoil crevice improvement machine 2 of the present invention, the split claw 25 is inclined in the traveling direction, is extended to the position of the horizontal frame 12, and a blade is attached in the traveling direction. Therefore, the ground surface raised by the subsoil raised by the chisel 21 and the soil repellent plate 22 is further raised by the divided claws 25 inclined forward. As a result, the residue Z floated by the raised portion h is separated without being entangled, and the housing 20 advances.

Since the split claws 25 are tilted forward and extend to the horizontal frame 12, the residue Z that has not been separated does not become a large lump but is separated by being pushed into the raised portions h and the split claws 25. The split claw 25 is provided with a blade in the traveling direction. The residue Z floating at the ridge h is not entangled and is separated into left and right.
As a result, the residue is not dragged or lumps are formed, so that the operation is not interrupted and the efficiency is greatly improved.

Figure 7 shows a cross section from the front of the sugarcane field that has been improved as described above.
Further, as shown in FIG. 6 as viewed from above, even if the residue Z is once scraped by the dividing claws 25, the residue Z is folded over after the working machine 2 passes to cover the ground surface as it was.
As described above, according to the present invention, the subsoil trench can be improved without releasing the soil on the residue Z, and this operation can be performed efficiently.

  A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. If the residue Z is moist, it may be easily entangled with the divided claws 25. Therefore, a split claw 25A that is inclined forward and curved forward is attached.

  Since the curved divided claw 25A is extended to the height of the frame 11, it cannot be overcome even if the residue deposit Z 'is large. Further, the surface of the curved divided claw 25A in the traveling direction is curved forward, and the front side is a blade. When this working machine is used, the residue deposit Z ′ is formed by the pressure projecting forward of the divided claw 25A curved forward and the residue crust 25A, which is curved forward, and the raised ground surface. Since the force that works to lift the deposit Z ′ increases, it is possible to more effectively separate the deposit Z ′.

A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The divided claw 25B is configured to be attached to the frame 11 using the divided claw plate 16 by combining a curved portion and a straight portion, and is a combination of the first and second embodiments. The reinforcing material 19 is eliminated so that the residue Z is not easily entangled.
Further, the soil repellent plate 22A extends upward beyond the lower mounting position of the divided claw 25B and is curved backward to further increase the rise and enlarge the bulge and to guide the subsoil b 'backward. It is what I did. Thereby, the rising position and the raised height of the subsoil b 'can be adjusted and stabilized.

  By using the subsoil improvement soil improvement machine as described above, the subsoil layer b is formed on the residue Z covering the ground surface in the sugarcane field without draining the subsoil. The soil layer can be improved by releasing the subsoil into the soil.

  At that time, if the subsoil soil improvement machine using the divided claws 25 or the curved divided claws 25A, 25B of the present invention, it is possible to make it difficult to deposit Z ′ of the residue, It is difficult to generate lumps and can be operated continuously.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, without damaging the shoots emerging from the stump, leaving the residue covering the ground surface, plowing the intercostal spaces of the sugar cane fields with the subsoil trench, improving the drainage performance By expanding the rhizosphere, the growth of the stock can be promoted.

According to the present invention, the energy for excavating and releasing the subsoil layer is stopped in the middle, and the energy for raising the soil between the ribs is changed to lift and float the residues between the ribs. By this action, the residue is not entangled with the split claws, and the residue can be interrupted and, in particular, divided. In addition, this means has made it possible to loosen the subsoil between the furrows without leaving the mass of earth on the surface, while the surface remains covered with residues. As a result, the work efficiency of the subsoil improvement work to improve the soil environment in the furrow where sugarcane shoots are cultivated while leaving residues in the furrow has been remarkably improved.

If the working machine of the present invention is used in a paddy field, a deep groove is not formed in the field, so that the paddy of the rice planting machine is not depressed.
In addition, when used in field farms, there is no repellent soil to be released on the ground surface, which is convenient for plowing, weeding and cultivating soil. This is also effective in pastures. Even if the roots of the pasture are partially crushed, the gravel soil is not released on the pasture, so that the pasture does not wither. Furthermore, in a field with a lot of conglomerate, the debris work is reduced because the conglomerate is not exposed to the field surface.

In addition, select the number of enclosures or their spacing. And by changing the arrangement, etc., it can be used for rough crushing work after reverse plowing by a plow working machine and for stirring work of subsoil and soil.

It is a bird's-eye view of the state where the example of the present invention was attached to the tractor. It is the top view of the state which attached the Example of this invention to the tractor, a side view, and a rear view. It is the side view of the Example of this invention, and sectional drawing of a farm field. It is the side view of the 2nd Example of this invention, and sectional drawing of a farm field. It is the side view of the 3rd Example of this invention, and sectional drawing of a farm field. It is a figure of the state which the Example of this invention isolate | separates a residue. It is front sectional drawing of the agricultural field in the working condition by the Example of this invention. FIG. 6 is a side view of a conventional example (Patent Document 2) and a sectional view of a field. FIG. 6 is a side view of a state in which a conventional example (Patent Document 1) is attached to a tractor. It is a side view of tillage by rotary.

Explanation of symbols

1.
Tractor
2.
Work machine
8.
Lower link
9.
Top link
Ten.
mast
11.
flame
12.
Horizontal frame
13.
Beam plate
14.
beam
15.
Horizontal frame bolt
16.
Split nail plate
19. Reinforcement
20.
Body
twenty one.
Chisel
twenty two.
Repellent board
twenty five.
Split nail
25A. Curved split claw
25B. Split claws with varying curvature
26.
Bolt (split plate side)
27.
Bolt (beam side)
28.
Reinforcement plate
71.
Conventional chisel
72.
Conventional repellent board
a. Soil Formation
b. Subsoil layer
b´. Hearts
k. Hard layer
P. Earth pressure from below
Z. Residue
Z´. Deposit of residue
Z´´. Residues entangled in the beam θ. Inclination angle

Claims (3)

A beam attached to a towed frame and having a soil raising function by a chisel and a soil repellent plate, and a split claw having a split blade attached to the beam and for splitting the soil raised by the chisel Prepared,
The dividing blade is formed in the traveling direction, and the dividing blade is inclined or curved forward in the traveling direction side, and its energy to release to the ground surface is deliberately raised to the soil formation layer. By changing the energy to be released and raising the soil layer in the center of the dredging, the residue covering the surface of the earth rises to the center of the dredging so that it naturally separates left and right, and promotes the uplift of the soil layer The subsoil is divided into left and right parts with a split nail in the previous period, and the work can be continued while leaving the residue covering the fence without causing the residue to get entangled with the beam. Layer improvement machine.
2. The subsoil trench improvement machine according to claim 1, wherein the split claws are attached to the beam and extend to the position of the horizontal frame or the vicinity thereof.
3. The subsoil groove improvement machine according to claim 1, wherein the soil repellent plate extends upward beyond a lower mounting position of the divided claw and is curved forward.