JP2007224003A - Water surface floating particle or molded article, and method for using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable a light shielding system to easily form and a waste material to efficiently recover in a method in agriculture, forestry and fisheries by shielding light for expelling rice field weeds and taking countermeasures to a microcystis or blue-green algae with regard to a sustained-releasing agent for agrichemicals, fertilizer ingredients and microorganisms, a soil modifier, a decomposing agent for absorbed hazardous substances, and a pollution control agent for expelling hydromorphic harmful insects or for sparging agrichemicals. <P>SOLUTION: A water surface floating particle or a molded article floats in the vicinity of the water surface and expels weeds, algae and the like. It can be used for a sustained-releasing agent. Hydrophobic floating particles and molded articles such as flakes and pellets are obtained by treating carbides, semi-carbides, heat-treated particles with a hydrocarbon such as a paraffin, which is a hydrophobic substance, a polydialkylsiloxane, a fluorochemical water repellent agent, a fatty acid and/or a multivalent metallic compound. A fluidization method is appropriate for treating. An apparatus for anti-chemicals-scattering and labor-saving deployment is also made possible. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

    The present invention relates to new materials suitable for solving problems in the fields of agriculture, forestry and fisheries, environment, and building materials, as well as manufacturing methods, equipment, and methods of using materials. Carbonaceous porous water-floating material is herbicide, floating bait floating bait, light absorbing material, water evaporation control, snow melting material, oil film settling prevention by shading, pesticide, fertilizer, low pollution spraying or supply Useful in water surface purification materials, building materials, and painting. By utilizing various raw materials and multiple uses, we will make effective use and labor saving of unused resources such as thinned wood, pruned wood, processed waste materials such as agricultural and forestry by-products, food processing by-products, waste paper, fiber and organic waste.

One of the inventors' patents 27093057 pulverized coal is Okara carbide, and is useful as fuel, soil disinfectant, soil conditioner, water purification carbon, feed and fertilizer. Similarly, another inventor's patent 2917022 fluidization treatment method can easily carbonize branches, leaves, wood pieces, twigs, etc. in a fluidized bed without crushing and sizing. The following patent documents describe prevention of weeds in paddy fields, red tides in lakes, prevention of algae, semi-carbonization, water and oil repellent waterproofing particles. JP-A-2001-112358 Weed Generation Inhibitor for Paddy Field Granules or lumps having a specific gravity of 1 or less obtained by kneading and solidifying or foaming and solidifying inorganic substances such as carbon and extenders such as thermoplastic resin polyethylene and gelatin. Settle on the bottom of the water and shield from light. Patent application title: Biomass semi-carbonized compact fuel precursor and method for producing biomass semi-carbonized compact fuel JP-A 2004-522831 Inorganic powder for film filling is coated with siloxane and fatty acid to make it hydrophobic JP 2005-239907 Biomass semi-carbonized fuel production method (carbonization and semi-carbonization at 300 to 500 ° C.) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-194337 Water- and oil-repellent powder A cosmetic comprising a powder covered with a rubber elastic film and a surface treated with a perfluoroalkyl phosphate ester JP-A 2000-327501 Weed Generation Inhibitor JP 2001-204273 paddy field weed control material (black carbon fine particle coated rice husk, does not float on water surface) Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-113012 Ikenuma Aoko Control Granules (Floating Sawdust, Binding Material) JP-A-2004-305972 Light-shielding floating body (using plastic film) Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-14514 Waterproof steam-cured lightweight cellular concrete (mixed with 0.1-5% by weight of silicone oil or varnish and 0.01-0.5% of polymer emulsion in slurry before foam curing) , Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-293352 culvert filler (preservative coating such as cedar chips and rice husks, or 230 to 270 ° C. semi-carbonized. Ulmanns Encyclopedia, tech. Chem. 8 581 (1957) Relation between carbonization temperature and yield of wood 200 ° C. 91.8%, 250 ° C. 65.2%, 300 ° C. 51.4%, 400 ° C. 37.8%. Sasaoka Pyrolysis of organic carbons Low temperature combustion Scientific equipment (7) 39 (1996)

In paddy fields, lakes, etc., we obtain versatile floating carbides, semi-carbides, heat-treated dark floating particles or molded products for controlling weeds, algae, plankton by shading, saving labor comprehensively, Reduce costs. In addition, pesticide-free, reduced pesticides due to shading on the water surface and bottom, and chemical spraying that uses sustained release performance, fertilizer saving, ponds, lakes, seaweed, red tide control, water evaporation control, flotation, mosquitoes Multi-use products such as extermination of small animals will be manufactured with various raw materials, and diversification of raw materials and expansion of applications will enable the utilization of unused resources such as thinned wood and undergrowth. For this purpose, the entire process from raw material procurement to manufacturing, utilization, recovery and recycling is stabilized and the cost is reduced.

The raw carbides were difficult to maintain in the daily, weekly, and monthly units when poured into water. There was no inexpensive method for production, water surface coating or floating powder for subsidence, and mass supply, recovery, and utilization of molded products (flakes, pellets, strips, aggregates, etc.). Unlike conventional methods, it is preferable not to use expensive materials such as carbon black and activated carbon, which are auxiliary materials, or polymers, or to limit the amount to as little as possible, and to use food additives, biodegradable substances, harmless organic or inorganic substances. .

The reason why versatility is required is that attention is paid to the fact that the utilization of biomass raw materials and the like is not progressing. In the past, this was due to the high cost of collection, transportation and storage, as well as instability in quality, difficulty in standardization, and inability to adjust the balance between raw material purchase and product shipment, similar to the characteristics of waste. Therefore, homogenization of raw materials, conversion of different types of raw materials to homogeneous materials, lower costs for collection and transportation, securing product sales channels by diversifying applications, and intermediate costs for supply and demand adjustment for low costs for manufacturing processes and product use It was necessary to be able to dispose of the product as a fuel.

(1) Shading paper is a consumable item and generally requires a dedicated machine. In the method of covering rice paddies with black-dyed rice husks, there was a problem of uniform spraying, and the scattering of the wind was also a problem. Uniform spraying on the surface of the water or the bottom of the water is time consuming. Ink-like black emulsions and colored molasses have the disadvantages of dilution loss during rain and water pollution.
(2) Agricultural chemical spraying was abolished or kept to a minimum amount to prevent environmental pollution and the health hazards of sprayers and neighbors, but there was no solution.
(3) To prevent excessive use of fertilizer, it is necessary to uniformly fertilize a small amount. The phosphoric acid content and the like are preferably soluble in order to prevent outflow, and it was desirable to uniformly spray okara carbide and the like.
(4) Seaweeds, lakes, ponds, aquatic plants, watermelons, red tide prevention in hydroponics Shading, uniform spraying of inhibitors and sustainability of effects were problems.
(5) Excess pesticide administration due to absorption from the roots of rice pesticides was a problem.
(6) As for light shielding, biomass carbide is hydrophilic and does not float on the water surface, and plastic spheres are expensive. Encapsulation and pelletization have a drawback in that a large amount of binder is used.
What reduced the weight of carbide using a plastic binder had a large binder ratio.
(7) Efficient or simple control methods using low-concentration chemicals were needed to control harmful larvae of chickenpox, especially mosquito larvae, moths, and harmful fish.
(8) It was convenient in terms of environmental problems and costs to be able to collect and reuse used materials and adjust the rise and fall times.
The present invention solves such problems.

It was difficult to float powdered coal. Fully carbonized carbides are hydrophilic and easily sink in water. Okara carbon is porous and light, but since the true specific gravity of carbon is greater than 1, water penetrates from the pores into the pores and sinks easily like a ship sinks. If carbonized sufficiently under specific conditions, treatment with a water repellent (or waterproofing agent, the same shall apply hereinafter) can extend the time required for subsidence, and it can float for about 1 to 10 hours depending on the choice of water repellent and processing methods. I can do it on time. Increasing the amount of water repellent used to increase the amount can be extended to about 1 to 3 days, but increasing the amount used has little effect. In order to ensure economic efficiency, if only a small amount of water repellent or hydrophobic polymer is used, it is difficult to extend the floating time, and it has been necessary to add a binder to form pellets. Therefore, in order to further extend by processing with a small amount of water repellent or light weight polymer, the pore surface or inner surface was clogged and then water repellent or hydrophobic processed to enable monthly floating. As a result, a powdery floating material was obtained without molding. Forming a deposit or polymer film corresponds to some kind of encapsulation. As a result of research, the best results are obtained when hydrophobic processing is performed with fats and oils, hydrocarbons, etc., followed by plugging and further hydrophobic processing. The plugging process itself is rather hydrophilic, but it becomes water-repellent by drying and water-repellent after drying. Water vapor and gas are permeated but liquid water is not permeated. I understood that I can do it. Labor saving, cost reduction, utilization of unused resources, environmental and waste measures can be achieved at the same time.

Biomass, which is a raw material, is often produced in small quantities in domestic production, and even the same kind can be obtained from dispersed sources with various qualities and forms. In order to homogenize such raw materials, it has been found that insolubilization heat treatment at around 200 to 250 ° C. is effective for homogenization, prevention of spoilage and prevention of spontaneous ignition in addition to carbonization and semi-carbonization and is effective as a processing raw material. In addition, coffee and roasted tea have a roasting temperature of 210 to 230 ° C., and it is possible to select whether to dry and float or process as it is, or to perform carbonization or semi-carbonization at a higher temperature. Carbonization or heat treatment is preferably performed at an appropriate temperature and appropriate air or free oxygen-containing atmosphere conditions for each raw material, but the mixture may be carbonized, semi-carbonized or heat-treated. This condition can be easily selected by processing experiments and ups and downs experiments. Those having high hydrophilicity such as okara, which cannot be dehydrated to 80% or less by compression dehydration, can be insolubilized by heat treatment and colored black or dark brown or brown, which is effective for light shielding. When the treatment temperature is raised and the carbonization zone is reached, the true specific gravity increases and water is absorbed and easily settles in water. Black or dark color is convenient for light shielding, but as the carbonization proceeds, the true specific gravity increases and water easily penetrates into or penetrates into the pores inside the particles. Existing powdered charcoal and charcoal can be used as a part of raw materials for various raw material utilization. The present invention solves the above problems by making carbonized, semi-carbonized, and heat-treated organic substances hydrophobic with a hydrophobic substance to form floating particles, flakes or pellets, and agglomerates that can float on the water surface.

For the production of floating carbides, semi-carbides and heat-treated products at lower temperatures as intermediate raw materials, organic materials such as biomass, coal and lignite are heat-treated or carbonized in a fluidized bed (or spouted bed, the same shall apply hereinafter) equipment. It is appropriate to use as a raw material. This is because temperature controllability and uniformity are excellent. In addition, it was discovered that the powder particles and molded products expand with rapid heating, and are light and convenient. Rapid carbonization in the fluidized bed generates water vapor and dry distillation gas while passing through the plastic temperature range, so there is a situation that is relatively close to foaming, and a light carbide with relatively high expansion can be obtained. High expansion coal is also known. These are suitable for the production of powder particles and molded products having good floatability according to the present invention. Therefore, there is an advantage that the selection range of the post-processing hydrophobizing agent, the type of packing material (specific gravity, etc.), and the adhesion amount is widened. Carbonization, semi-carbonization, lower heat treatment temperature, etc. can be classified according to the nature of the product if the organic raw materials and treatment conditions are determined. At this time, the degree of decomposition by heat varies depending on the type and atmosphere of the raw material organic matter, the processing time, and the type of heat treatment apparatus. Carbide refers to a substance in which the water-repellent tar content is completely eliminated. Semi-carbides may contain desorbable tar content or water-repellent hydrocarbons up to around 210 to 350 ° C. depending on the raw materials and carbonization conditions, or have a hydrophobic surface. However, it is slightly hydrophilic and has floating properties, but it tends to stop in a short time. The tar content dissolves in the water that is sometimes in contact and turns light red. This, on the other hand, indicates that if the drug is included, it becomes sustained release. It was also found that it affects the subsequent process including the omission of one or both of the direct hydrophobization and plugging processes.

As a result of the research, it was found that heat treatment was performed at a temperature and treatment time near the boundary between carbonization and semi-carbonization, and the hydrophobic material was suitable for hydrophobization treatment and / or plugging treatment. A suitable yield standard at this time is about 40 to 75%. This is because lighter skeletons remain at lower temperatures, and pores or micropores increase at higher temperatures, but the pore diameter related to surface water immersion becomes larger, so it is necessary to balance. Appropriate conditions can be determined by tar content, odor, presence of smoke, volatile content by industrial analysis, and floatation test of processed products. In particular, it is easy to use the ups and downs test. An effective amount of semi-carbonized and self-generated hydrophobic organic matter can be left behind.
Using the furnace of Patent Document 2, the fluidized bed furnace is used to sort dirt, stones, metal fragments, and harmful substances that have been mixed into unused biomass in the fluidized bed. Since the carbonized twigs and the like are also crushed in the fluidized bed, the troublesome pre-grinding and sieving can be omitted, and the plant has the advantage of greatly reducing the small equipment and operating costs. Of course, it can also be used in a normal fluidized bed. Since it is small and lightweight, it is advantageous to park the vehicle-mounted plant at the source where the raw material biomass is distributed and centralize it to reduce the volume.

A hydrophobic substance (including a water repellent and a water / oil repellent) is used to impart or enhance the floating property. In order to spray onto the surface of carbide or the like, it is preferable to use a fluidized bed, a vibrating fluidized bed, a stirred fluidized bed, a spouted bed, or a spouted bed, or a strongly stirred mixer. This is because in a fluidized bed, fluidized gas and particle contact can be processed uniformly and uniformly, resulting in a uniform surface treatment. It has been found that the fluidized bed apparatus is easy for carbonization with a hydrophobic substance attached, spontaneous water repellency control, product quality and uniformity, and compounding control.

By-product from vegetable, forestry and forestry or cereal foam is one selected from coloring treatment, repellent treatment, antiseptic treatment, hydrophobization treatment or treatment with metal salt or metal compound and polybasic acid or salt thereof. It can be used as free-floating particles or molded products with or without combination treatment. An example is popcorn. You may color with carbon particle, soot, iron oxide, etc. High expansion products are relatively inexpensive because they use less weight per area. The pulverized product has a relatively fast sedimentation, but the floating time can be extended by hydrophobic processing or the like.
Biomass is branches, weeds, wood, bark, paper pieces, cardboard, straw, rice husk, bran, bagasse, corn, firewood, newspaper, or okara, fruit, vegetable squeeze, food residue, food waste, coffee or tea extraction residue , Fruit cores, cereals, crushed or altered products thereof, or septics, or carbonized or semi-carbonized, sterilized by appropriate heat treatment, volatilization of harmful substances, foreign substances such as stones, metals, etc. Separation becomes easy.

(Carking and utility of flakes and flakes) Dead leaves exist in large quantities as unused resources in addition to compost. The pulverized product has a scaly shape depending on the pulverization conditions, and the carbide that leaves the flaky shape floats flat on the water surface. In this state, even if the hydrostatic pressure is low and the water repellency is weak, the water immersion speed is low and the air floats for a relatively long time. Depending on the type of organic raw material, it can be floated for several days just by leaving the tar content by semi-carbonization. The conditions of brown, dark brown or black and the remaining tar content can be achieved by semi-carbonization at a predetermined temperature in a suitable temperature range of 210 to 300 ° C. for about a predetermined time by a fluidized bed. This condition can be easily selected by experiment. Charcoal particles that have been carbonized at a relatively high temperature and carbides from existing rotary furnaces, etc., have been carbonized at a relatively high temperature that exceeds the semi-carbonization temperature range, and immediately settle when put into water. However, according to the present invention, floating pieces, powder particles, and molded products can be formed by clogging or / and water repellent processing. If the apparent specific gravity of a single particle or a molded product is 1 or less as a raw material, it can be floated according to the present invention. These carbides and semi-carbides are, for example, tar, pitch, starch, activated sludge from food wastewater, pulp waste liquid, synthetic or natural polymer, molasses, etc., pelletized as caking material, and heat treatment such as carbonization if necessary, floating particles Or it can be molded.

(Raw material and processing, fluidized bed, water surface floating time and its use) Conventionally, biomass as a floating material raw material has been difficult to use as it is, and requires preforming. The organic material as the raw material is suitably derived from plant raw materials, but wood chips that can be stably supplied in large quantities, coals that may be lignite, bagasse, charcoal, activated carbon, and coconut shell charcoal can be used. Examples of biomass include pruned leaves, weeds, bamboo, trees, their skin, vegetation and its leaves, roots, shredded pieces of paper, sawdust, sawdust, paper pieces, cardboard, straw, rice husk, bran , Bagasse, corn, straw, newspaper or young, okara, fruit, vegetable squeezed rice cake, food residue, food waste, coffee or tea extraction residue, fungus cultivation waste wood, deciduous wood, thinned wood, undergrowth, pericarp, fruit It can be a nucleus, wood processing waste, food waste, garbage, or a mixture thereof. When plastic packaging waste such as polyolefin or PET is mixed, if it decomposes at a relatively high temperature, the dry distillation gas exhaust has a high calorific value, making it easy to burn, while having little effect on carbides There is. One of the excellent features of the present invention is that one of these raw materials can be mixed even in a small amount to ensure the amount and economically make it into a raw material. Carbide, semi-carbide and heat-treated product are produced in the first stage. You may mix | blend after carbonizing for every single raw material.
Some raw materials contain slow-acting fertilizers such as okara. It can be hydrophobized by heat treatment, semi-carbonization, etc., such as yellow materials such as cardboard waste and dark ones such as coffee extract. Even if the shape is miscellaneous, the appearance, particle size, and properties are similar due to carbonization and semi-carbonization.

In order to maintain the buoyancy by closing the surface opening connected to the cracks and pores of the relatively coarse carbide raw material where pores and cracks are developed, the plugging process is to make floating particles or molded products for a long time. I need it. This processing is particularly effective for organic materials processed at high temperatures. The necessity of this processing can be easily determined experimentally by a floating test. Processing with a hydrophobic substance can be performed either before or after the clogging process, or both. Semi-carbonization also serves as an operation to include a hydrophobic substance.
Filling or coating of intermediate materials such as carbides is a metal compound selected from aluminum compounds, iron compounds and calcium compounds, or salts thereof and phosphoric acid, phosphates, carbon dioxide, polybasic acids of 2 or more basic acids The material is deposited with a slightly soluble or insoluble compound, and is processed with a hydrophobizing material and a water repellent agent to form floating particles or molded products.
These metal salt materials can be regarded as a kind of cement. Carbide and foam communication bubbles and micropores are blocked at the entrance and exit, or micropores remain or buoyancy maintenance by forming a high resistance filtration layer, high flow resistance It can be considered that a lid or a solid mesh filling is formed. The mesh can also be expected to retain bubbles.

The plugging process of the present invention has the same effect as a polymer-coated capsule with a small amount of material, and can also reinforce a thin capsule. A soluble salt is suitable for the aluminum or iron compound, and it adheres to the carbide particles or the like in a dissolved state in the aqueous phase or in the form of a floc that is hydrolyzed. This appears to have an adsorption phenomenon with respect to the pores, similar to using them as a precipitating agent. When a polybasic acid is allowed to act on this, an insoluble fine network structure or a plug structure at the entrance of a pore is formed. However, this order of addition may be reversed. As a result, the particles and the like seem to be hydrophilic at first glance, but when they are hydrophobized after drying, molded products such as floating particles or flakes are obtained. It is understood that a bubble confinement structure is formed as a phenomenon.

As a filling auxiliary material, insoluble precipitates, fine particles, carbon black, soot, carbon fine particles, wood powder, bentonite, and useful components may be included for reinforcement. Carbon black, finely powdered activated carbon, soot, finely powdered charcoal, etc. can be used in combination with a hydrophobic water repellent and other polymers, and can also be used as a black colorant and a filling material. By these, the penetration | invasion to the pore of the water at the time of water immersion can be prevented or a penetration | invasion speed | rate can be adjusted, and a settlement speed and a settlement ratio can be adjusted. There has been no such technique in the past. Being able to control the penetration of water into the floating material can control the leakage and diffusion of chemicals and the like, and can exhibit sustained release properties of drugs, fertilizers and the like.

In hydrophobic processing, water repellent or waterproofing agent, hydrophobic paraffin oil, solid paraffin, stearic acid or its metal salt is included in organic carbonized or semi-carbonized or semi-carbonized, then aluminum compound, iron compound Aluminum sulfate, sodium aluminate, aluminum chloride and the like can be used as the metal compound selected from calcium compounds and the aluminum compound to be converted to a polybasic acid of phosphoric acid, carbon dioxide gas, or two or more basic acids. For iron compounds, soluble iron salts are suitable. The same applies to calcium and magnesium, and these can be mixed. For calcium and magnesium compounds, it is convenient to use these metal soaps together with a hydrophobizing agent. It was discovered that these are sedimentation accelerators for suspended particles in water and can be used for suspension processing.
Carbide, semi-carbide, heat treatment material and inorganic foam filler to be hydrophobized are treated with a hydrophobic substance. The treatment is performed by spraying a solution, melt, immersion, condensing from the gas phase, mixing with a mixer, etc., and may be repeated once or more in a fluid mixed state of the materials. Fluidized bed and spouted bed can be used conveniently. Hydrophobic substances include, for example, petroleum hydrocarbons such as liquid paraffin, polydialkylsiloxanes, fluorine-based water repellents (which may be water / oil repellents and waterproof materials, the same applies hereinafter) and / or hydrophobic fatty acids or fats and oils, One or a combination of these, such as metal soap, is subjected to contact coating treatment in the usual manner using normal temperature or molten state, suspended state, spraying, vaporization-condensation operation, etc., such as floating powder or flakes, pellets, agglomerates, etc. Get a molding.

The adhesion amount of the hydrophobic substance is suitably about 25% or less with respect to the dried product. It can be determined by the floating performance and processing effect. High-temperature carbides generally have large cracks and holes on the particle surface, require a large amount, and often require clogging. Carbide at a relatively low temperature may be able to omit the clogging process, and it tends to be economical with less hydrophobic material. Semi-carbides are light as much as possible in the case of light organic materials, blackening and darkening to improve the light shielding performance, omitting or saving the black colorant, the purpose is to obtain moderate bacteria resistance, durability and floating performance is there. In addition, it is possible to reduce the amount of the hydrophobic material and the packing material used by preventing the coarsening of the pores and suppressing cracks on the particle surface. Depending on the conditions, the hydrophobized material can be suppressed to about 0.01 to 5% of the floating particles or molded product. Carbides and molded products with a true specific gravity of more than 1 must have extra pores, vacancies and voids containing air and other gases to maintain buoyancy, and should not be filled with a hydrophobizing agent or plugging material with a specific gravity of more than 1. Is a condition. Set conditions so that clogging is performed efficiently. In particular, it is preferable to use a fluidized bed having excellent contact efficiency with a solid gas for the surface treatment with a finished hydrophobic material. It is also preferable to use a small amount of hydrophobizing agent having a specific gravity of less than 1.

By the hydrophobization treatment, it is possible to obtain a light-shielding material that uniformly coats the water surface or the bottom of the water for a floating time ranging from a short time of minutes to a period of time, weeks to months. Depending on the material selection, combination and the degree of hydrophobic processing, it can be arbitrarily manufactured from those that float for a long time to those that sink for a short time. The conventional method was either floating or sinking. By adjusting the settling time, the water surface and the bottom of the water can be uniformly and light-shielded simultaneously by spreading on the water surface and then sinking at a constant rate. It is also possible to sink all and cover only the bottom of the water. This is advantageous for drug distribution.

In addition to light-shielding floating particles or molded products mainly used for agriculture, forestry and fisheries, there are agricultural chemicals, useful fertilizers, microbial controlled release materials, soil improvement materials, harmful substance adsorption or decomposition materials, and fuels. In addition, the present invention can realize efficient collection and utilization of used materials.

In production and use, continuous floating, temporary floating, constant rate sedimentation or total amount sedimentation time can be controlled, and floating particles, flakes, pellets, agglomerates etc. with two or more functions and various sedimentation times Can be mixed. Particles or molded pellets, flakes, etc. containing active ingredients such as light shielding or agrochemicals can be spread evenly or evenly administered with drugs, or can be administered in a specific area using an oil fence etc. To. Since the partition wall for collection or partition may be a floating body, it is simpler than the scattering protection screen of dust or agrochemical spray. In addition, it can be adjusted with products with different deposition thickness, density distribution, and various light shielding performance at any time so that there is partial light transmission from zero light transmittance, adjustable light shielding layer for controlling weeding, weeds, algae, plankton Can be saved at low cost.
The floating particles of the present invention, molded products encapsulated or impregnated with insecticides and fungicides are settled after deployment, and evenly in the desired range near the sediment where mosquito larvae, pests and bacteria live High drug concentration can be administered, and the entire habitat can be controlled with a small amount of drug. There may be some water flow.

The water-shielding layer on the water surface has a self-healing action even if there is a hole or a deviation, and can easily be replenished if the light-shielding property is insufficient. A thing floating on the water surface for a long time is also obtained, and it is possible to cover the water surface and the bottom of the water and to allow partially transmitted light from black to dark colored carbides with a transmittance of zero. Light-weight, high-reflectance talc, bentonite, and pigments that are low-temperature heat-treated paper, powder, and molded products are also possible.

Another feature is that it can be easily collected. Enables efficient recovery and utilization of used materials. Commonly used to solve the above problems, using relatively inexpensive raw materials, including blending, raw materials, products, and applications produced by homogeneous carbonization, semi-carbonization, or heat treatment. It is a thing.

This property can be used for drug distribution. That is, drugs, fertilizers, fertilizers, trace components, microorganisms, etc. are encapsulated or impregnated at any appropriate stage of the process in the floating material particles, etc., and the drug is evenly applied to the water surface and / or the bottom by controlled release. Can be sprayed. Weed control by shading, prevention of red tides, algae, etc. and the application of these substances can be achieved simultaneously. Okara carbide and semi-carbide floating materials are characterized by light shielding, spraying performance and their own fertilizing performance at the same time. Suspended material can be easily placed in a water stream or collected by a fence. Furthermore, the hydrophobic lipophilic processed powder particles can be used for the recovery of water surface floating oil using these properties. The stored product as a shading material can be diverted when a snow melting accelerator and oil spill, and can be used without special storage for emergency use. The molded product such as floating material particles and flakes of the present invention is a hydrophobic substance and has an advantage of being easily separated and filtered from water.

FIG. 1 shows a floating particle spreader. Floating powder particles and the like are supplied from the particle storage tank 1 to the water surface 6 while being adjusted by the damper 3. The water surface floats in a floating state due to the inertia of the falling speed and spreads in a band shape or a fan shape depending on the chute shape. If a thin deposition layer is formed but there is a partial bias,
(1) Give vibration, wave, rocking, etc. to the water surface. (2) Movement of chute position, change of direction, (3) Supply by perforated pipe and overflow distribution trough, (4) Can be spread from the water distribution pipe 13 on the water flow in the rice field. (5) In the case where the supply point of the powder particles 2 is set to one or more decimal points, the discharge efficiency of the chute and / or the water flow distribution pipe can be changed to a plurality of directions or can be swung or the dispersion efficiency can be increased.

FIG. 2 is a partial explanatory view of FIG. By giving an induction period, ie, a delay time, to the sedimentation of the powder particles 2, all particles are settled and distributed evenly on the bottom of the water (spreading) after floating for a certain time after floating on the surface of the water and simply releasing the light. Can be realized. Floating powder particles, pieces, pellets, etc. have different purposes and properties such as raw material, form, particle size, fluidity, angle of repose during deposition, surface floating time, color tone, floatability, chemicals, sustained release of ingredients, etc. It can be mixed, and the mixture of coarse and powder increases the surface covering effect. In the case of using a sustained-release drug, the surface density (dispersity) as a capsule can be freely adjusted. The semi-carbonized or heat-treated floating material is brown or amber colored and has a sufficient light shielding performance. The layer thickness and the overlap affect the light shielding property.

3 and 7 show examples of the fine structure of a single particle. When a sufficiently carbonized coarse carbide treated with a liquid hydrophobizing material such as liquid paraffin is poured onto the water surface, water easily enters the pores, expels the bubbles, and the particles tend to settle. However, if a thin oil film or an adsorbed layer 34 is formed on the inner wall of the communicating pore 27, the closed pores on both sides, and the blind pores 26 where one side of the inlet 24 is blocked, it is presumed that the flow is hindered. A three-dimensional network structure can be formed by metathesis or substitution reaction with a metal compound, metal salt, etc., and a polybasic acid or a salt thereof. The network structure, which is a floc or cement-like structure formed of a metal compound, forms the structures 31 and 33 for clogging at the entrances and insides of cracks and pores. Reference numeral 32 denotes a water-repellent, waterproof or hydrophobic layer covering the surface. It may be a water / oil repellent layer. The number and size of the openings 24 and the water repellency determine the time for floating and water immersion. This depends on the raw materials and carbonization or heat treatment conditions and the presence or absence of post-processing. Alternatively, the process omission can be selected.

FIG. 4 is a plan view of water circulation assuming rice fields, ponds, and fish farms. Floating material containing floating light shielding material, bait, and disinfectant can be circulated with water. Although not shown, a spreader, a vibrator, and a rocker may be attached to a rice planting machine using a hand sprayer or a rice transplanter. In this case, a mechanism similar to that shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the vicinity of the water surface as seen from the side, with floating flaky particles obtained by heat-treating or carbonizing shredder-cutting waste (eg, 5 mm square paper pieces) such as leaves, flakes, paper, and cardboard waste. . The ends of the flaky particles overlap. When a light shielding layer of about 0.1 to 5 mm is formed by stacking several layers, there is no gap and the light shielding effect is great. Of course, it may be thicker, but it can be determined in consideration of economy and performance. It may be used in combination with free-floating particles, molded products, and the like. If it sinks to the bottom of the water as it is, a light shielding layer or a water shielding layer can be formed on the surface or inside of the mud.

(1) Black to brown by carbonization (or semi-carbonization, heat treatment, the same applies hereinafter), preferably dark colored charcoal, activated carbon, low-temperature oxidized charcoal, heat-treated charcoal, particles, flakes, pellets, water surface or / And / or (2) Sustained release of bubbles (or bactericides, herbicides, microorganisms, etc. that can be attached to and included in the inner and outer surfaces, pores, etc.) The herbicide can be continuously acted at a high effective concentration by concentrating in the water area and near the bottom of the channel to suppress germination, growth of buds, or death. (3) Fertilizing ingredients, hormone-like substances, trace essential components, etc. can be uniformly distributed over the area of the rice field on the water bottom and water surface. Active ingredients can be absorbed from the roots of crops such as rice. (4) The method of uniformly dispersing and supplying is as follows: (a) The floating powder particles (or pellets, the same applies hereinafter) are extruded from the hopper through the chute and are supplied to the water surface so as to form a thin layer and diffused. The non-uniformity sometimes generated by the vibration feeder, the water surface swing mechanism, and the vibration mechanism can be leveled. (B) A floating powder feeder can be attached to the rice transplanter, and floating powder can be distributed and supplied at the same time as seedling planting. Vibrating and shaking machine attachment are preferred.

In use, continuous floating, temporary floating, a constant rate or the amount of time that the whole amount settles can be controlled, and uniform planar dispersion can be achieved without scattering. Shiru. It was found that when hydrophobicity was imparted to this, it floated for a certain period of time. This property can be used to concentrate agricultural chemicals, herbicides, fungicides, etc. on the bottom of the water by controlling the sedimentation time. It can be used to prevent weed germination on the bottom of the water, inhibit bud growth, sterilization, bactericides, fertilizers and pesticides to rice roots. This can be allowed to settle over a short period of time from a short period of time or days. By-products such as okara carbon, coffee, tea and other extraction residues, wood processing waste, biomass such as leaves, litter, twigs, charcoal, coal, lignite charcoal are usually hydrophilic. When the present invention is applied to these, the water immersion rate into the pores can be suppressed for a short time of about 1 to 24 hours. Long-term floatability can also be imparted.

Carbide, semi-carbide, and heat-treated products were subjected to hydrophobizing treatment, if necessary, to obtain light-shielding properties, agricultural chemicals, fertilizer component sustained release granules, and molded products. The floating time and settling time could be adjusted freely.
(1) Preventing the generation and growth of weeds in paddy fields and eliminating or saving herbicides.
(2) Sustained release adsorbent or capsule-like performance can be imparted. Moreover, the concentration of pesticides and fertilizers on the water surface, bottom, and aquifer can be concentrated by floating and settling. Pest control is also possible.
(3) If it is floating, it can be evenly developed by vibration, wave motion, mechanical leveling, etc. on the water surface, and it is not necessary to use excessive agricultural chemicals and fertilizers.
(4) Unutilized agricultural, forestry and fishery resources, organic garbage such as urban garbage, and paper waste can be used.
(5) Uniform product can be obtained by selective use from fluidized bed, spouted layer and vibration fluidized bed for carbonization, semi-carbonization and coating process, and water repellent, waterproofing agent and coating material can be saved.
(6) Floating materials with different sedimentation performance, agrochemical performance, and fertilization effect can be selected or blended.

1 Dry 1.7g of Okara carbide in a rotary furnace, wet with silicone resin permeable waterproofing material “Hapioseal” (trade name of Campe Co., Ltd.), drain dry, 300ml of aluminum sulfate 0.51g dissolved Add 10 ml of 10% phosphoric acid and stir, wash and dry, and then fluorinated water and oil repellent spray rain lock (trade name of Suzuka Fine Co., Ltd. for leather and cloth. ) Was spread over a dish-like container, sprayed and wetted with stirring, and then dried to form a water-floating carbide. This product was supplied to one end of the water surface filled with water and spread with a scissors to form a light-shielding thin layer. The water surface could be covered without sinking for 30 days.
2 Instead of Okara charcoal, coffee extract cake, the same charcoal, commercial charcoal, tea husk powder charcoal, sawdust ash, powdered activated carbon, and the like were subjected to water repellent waterproofing similarly, with water repellent, polyvalent salt and phosphoric acid added. The product was able to float on the water for a long time.
(Control example) Untreated okara carbide immediately subsided when placed in water. The same was true for other carbides. The dry matter semi-carbide of the coffee grounds settled down after 20 hours.

1 Liquid paraffin was used in place of the silicone resin water repellent in the first stage water repellent treatment of Example 1. Liquid paraffin was sprayed on 4 g of carbide to deposit 0.3 g.
After adding 1.2 g of aluminum sulfate and 23.5 m of 10% phosphoric acid, washing with water and drying, it is divided into 2 g and 2 g in increments of 2 a and 2 b. 2 a is a fluorine-based water and oil repellent spray rain lock (trade name of Suzuka Fine Co., Ltd. After spreading the carbide on the dish-like container and spraying it wet with stirring, it was dried to form a water-floating carbide. In 2b, the sample was divided into 2 minutes, and in 2b1, magnesium stearate powder was mixed and heated to 150 ° C. to adhere. In 2b2, stearic acid was dissolved and sprayed in toluene, and dried and adhered. In 2a, the water surface residual rate after 14 days was 40%. Until then, the settling started partially at the bottom from 5 days later. A certain amount of light shielding performance was maintained by replenishing the loss. 2b1 settled 90% after 3 days. 2b2 settled 50% after 7 days.

A long-chain fatty acid such as liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, stearic acid and palmitic acid as a water repellent or waterproofing agent instead of the silicone resin water repellent and fluororesin water repellent of Example 1, mixtures thereof, metal soap, It was found that a fluororesin-based water repellent was used, and it was possible to produce a product having a water surface floating time of about 1 hour, partially starting to settle and remaining 90% or more for 2 to 30 days or more.

The water repellent or waterproofing agent may be used in combination with an acid group or a metal group. It was found that iron is cheap but heavy, so that if it is used in excess, it will act as a precipitating agent rather than be careful.
The order of performance of the water repellent is, depending on the conditions, fluororesin water / oil repellent / water repellent (both aliphatic and urethane compounds)> silicone resin water repellent> long chain fatty acid compound> fatty and wax. The clogging effect is also the same depending on the conditions: aluminum compound> calcium compound> magnesium compound. Similarly, the acid groups were in the order of phosphoric acid compound> oxalic acid compound> carbonic acid compound.

The dry dead leaves (Laurel) pulverized products were carbonized and semi-carbonized at different temperatures to compare their floatability. Carbonized and blackish brown at 260 ° C. and 280 ° C. for 2.5 hours in an air atmosphere. The former subsided more than 90% in 2 days, and the latter subsided 90% after 20 days after floating over 90% for 10 days. In the former, light yellow coloring of water was observed after 24 hours. The tar adsorbed on the inner and outer surfaces of the carbide is slowly dissolved and released. In the latter, a lighter yellow color was observed. The tar content in the pores is gradually released. When the carbide carbonized at 300 ° C. was thrown onto the water surface, it settled directly without floating. The leaves that can be used are arbitrary, such as conifers, hardwoods, miscellaneous trees, and grasses. Carbonization and semi-carbonization make the mixed carbides similar in nature and can be used together, enabling thinning, undergrass cutting, collection of pruning waste, transportation, and utilization that were difficult to use due to unevenness and bulkiness.

As an example of a piece of waste paper, a cut piece of copy paper was semi-carbonized and used. When heated at 240 ° C. for 90 minutes, it was colored light brown. Similarly, the half carbide obtained by carbonization at 290 ° C. for 30 minutes did not settle until 1 hour, and then began to settle and settled 60% by 3 hours. When the carbides at 320 ° C. were put into water, they all settled in 1 minute. Those sprayed with a silicone water repellent surfaced for 7 days or more and 1 month depending on the conditions.
The cardboard strip turned dark brown at 280 ° C. Other than that, it showed similar properties. The properties of mixed carbides are similar due to carbonization and semi-carbonization and can be used regardless of the type of paper. The paper scraps and the like bound by the furnace of Patent Document 2 are carbonized while being crushed, thereby reducing the cost.

Okara was processed with carbide and semi-carbide. The relationship between carbonization temperature and yield was 230 ° C. 81%, 290 ° C. 50%, 320 ° C. 45%, 370 ° C. 39%, and 400 ° C. 29%. In the case of carbonization in a fluidized bed, the same yield as that in the fixed bed was obtained by taking a residence time so that the generated dry distillation gas was preferentially burned even in partial combustion. Moreover, since the carbonization reaction proceeds by generating gas while passing through the plasticizing zone, it has been found that the carbide expands and the apparent specific gravity of the powder becomes lighter, which is advantageous as floating particles or molded products. When the degree of expansion was compared with the bulk specific gravity of the carbide, it was 0.23 in the fluidized bed furnace compared to 0.26 of the commercially available okara carbide by the rotary furnace. About the coloring degree related to light-shielding performance, it was colored light brown by heating at 220 ° C. for 90 minutes in the air. It darkened brown at 280 ° C. for 90 minutes. Similarly, the carbonized material obtained after carbonization at 290 ° C. for 30 minutes did not settle until 1 hour. Thereafter, sedimentation started, the former settled for 1 day, and the latter settled 90% after 4 days. Carbides and semi-carbides in the fluidized bed were obtained that settled immediately when injected into water from 350 ° C to 400 ° C depending on the contact state with the generated tar-containing dry distillation gas, and those that floated up to 6 hours after initial subsidence. . In a situation where separation from the above tar was good, it immediately submerged in water above 350 ° C., and always immediately subsidized immediately above the carbonization temperature of 400 ° C. Next, each was hydrophobized. As a hydrophobizing agent, it was immersed or sprayed on one selected from liquid paraffin, salad oil, beef tallow, stearic acid, silicone water repellent, and fluorine water repellent. Hydrophobized carbides and semi-carbides floated on the water surface from 5 days to 1 month depending on processing conditions.

After floating and finishing the shading function, the fertilization effect (%) when submerged and sprayed on the bottom of the paddy field is excellent in all N 2.1, all P 3.5, and all K 9.3. If the shading function is not required, float for a short time, spread evenly over the entire surface of the paddy field, and then settle down to become a fertilizer for rice at the same time as suppressing weeds at the bottom of the water. It can be administered using the sustained-release action without spraying agricultural chemicals. Also available for Hasuda.
Rice husk or kun charcoal can be used for silicic acid replenishment. Okara and rice husk or kun charcoal were mixed and molded using raw okara as a binder to form flakes and then semi-carbonized to form floating flakes. Flakes were produced even when okara and kun charcoal were mixed and shaped. In this way, Okara can be used as a binder or as a main material for blending various types of biomass and different types of carbides.

Heat-treated products and semi-carbides were flake processed from Okara. Equal amounts of 11% moisture dried okara and 80% moisture raw okara that had been fermented or spoiled were mixed and flaked by hand or pressing. Molded by manual work and allowed to stand and dried, and in a press tablet machine, a molded product having a thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 5 mm was sandwiched between rotating rolls with grooves, and an irregular flake having a thickness of 1 mm was also produced. Each was dried to 210 ° C. brown flakes. The yield was 92%. When it floated on the water, it did not collapse and settled one day later. Next, it was semi-carbonized at 260 ° C. and colored to dark brown near black. The anhydrous reference yield based on the dried product was 67%. Apparent density was measured for multiple single flake flakes and was between 0.1 and 0.15. After 2 minutes, liquid paraffin treatment and silicone water repellent treatment were made. In the former, more than 90% was floating for 20 days. In the latter, 90% or more was floating for 40 days or more. The sediment is probably due to non-uniformity of the raw material and hydrophobic processing. Okara is a non-homogeneous product containing fine flakes, fibers, and powdery parts of soybean hulls. In the case of various other organic substances, the apparent specific gravity was 0.1 to 0.6 depending on molding conditions and carbonization conditions. In the present invention, the material and the process have great flexibility (control example). Raw okara, dried okara, raw okara fermentation or septics are light yellowish, almost white and immediately disperse and sink.

The coffee extract was dried and the dried product was directly water-repellent. Paraffin or silicone water repellent was used as a hydrophobizing agent or water repellent. Various tests were conducted with and without the clogging process. Depending on the amount added by spraying the hydrophobizing agent, it could be floated for 1 to 30 days.

Carbonization, semi-carbonization, and heat treatment are performed at a fluidized bed temperature corresponding to the treatment temperature of Examples 1 to 6, using combustion gas containing excess air as a fluidizing gas in an external heat fluidized bed with an inner diameter of 40 mm and an effective height of 250 mm. It was. Carbonization or treatment time was 15 minutes, and uniform particles were obtained. Flakes and agglomerates could also be processed. It is a miscellaneous cohesive biomass raw material, sometimes containing a caking agent, and some that do not flow, and it is necessary to treat materials with various particle sizes and forms under various conditions. In a fluidized bed without a stirrer, local overheating occurs. Continuous operation was difficult.

80 g of the floating material powder of Example 5 was supplied to one end of the water surface all at once from an inclined plastic chute that was adjustable with an angle of repose of 30 degrees. Within 0.5 seconds, the other end in the longitudinal direction of the water surface of 350 cm × 250 cm was reached. The water surface was evenly coated by shaking the water surface and generating waves. When observed in a dark room, no transmitted light was observed.

The water discharge weir was lifted slightly in a state where the water surface was covered with the light-shielding suspended powder particles or molded product, and only water was discharged from the bottom of the weir. When a discharge port was provided in the water above the bottom of the dam plate, only the water could be discharged while separating the sediment and floating material at the bottom, and the water could be replaced.

Paddy fields, temporary flooded fields and land, lakes, road gutters, pool water, etc. can be covered with suspended powder and molded products. It can be evenly submerged in the bottom of the water. As a result, weeds, algae-control light-shielding materials, sustained-release insecticides, agricultural chemicals can be applied and fertilized. Further, the light-colored floating powder particles, molded products, or processed paper pieces that can cover the water surface can be used for suppressing water evaporation. It can be applied to a wide range of application of adsorbents using volatile harmless water repellents, to uniform expansion of inorganic foam other than carbon, and to the manufacture of building materials. Not only raw materials that can be accumulated in large quantities but also carbonization and heat treatment of fine unused resources are possible, facilitating the collection and transportation of raw fuel.

Light-shielding suspended particles, pellets, etc. and feeders, paddy fields and other water surface cross sections Partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the light-shielding suspended particles, pellets, etc. and the feeder Cross-sectional model diagram of airborne particles Plan view of the spreading system by floating water particles and pellets Side view cross-sectional view of pulverized dead leaves and carbonized carbide strips with a light-shielding floating film on the water surface Side view cross-sectional explanatory diagram of a carbide powder particle model with a light-shielding floating film on the water surface Longitudinal cross-sectional illustration of fine hollow pore fiber carbide model with water repellent and clogged

Explanation of symbols

1 storage tank, 2 floating particles, pellets, 3 damper, 4 chute, 5 vibrator, 6 water, 36 water surface, 12 particles deposited on the bottom of the water, 13 water distribution pipe, 14 circulatory water dispersion supply weir or perforated pipe , 15 moving means,
17 Circulating water suction tube or overflow weir for collecting suspended powder pellets, grooved suction tube or porous tube 24 fine opening, 27, 28 pore space 31 of floating body, clogging substance layer blocking opening, 32 adhered Hydrophobic material 33 such as water repellent or waterproofing agent
34 Hydrophobic processing agent or self-generated hydrophobic material layer

Claims (24)

Plant or organic raw material granules or molded products thereof are heated or semi-carbonized to be hydrophobized, or after heating, semi-carbonized or carbonized, and then suspended particles or molded products hydrophobized with a hydrophobic substance. The raw material is one or a combination of powders selected from vegetable raw materials, coals, and waste tires, or a molded product thereof is heated, semi-carbonized or carbonized, and then the obtained granular particles or molded product is hydrophobized. Without being processed or hydrophobized, floating particles or a hydrophobized powder which is treated with a polyvalent metal compound and a polybasic acid or a compound thereof, which are plugged, to attach an insoluble metal salt structure and simultaneously or subsequently hydrophobized Molded product. When processing flakes, pellets, and agglomerates that are powder or molded products, hydrophobic substances are liquid paraffin, solid paraffin, petroleum hydrocarbons, water-repellent fatty acids, water-repellent fatty acid soaps, fats and oils, polysiloxane, silicone compounds , A fluorine-based water repellent, tannin, tannic acid, tannic acid reactant, wax, oil produced by vaporization or pyrolysis of vegetable, animal or mineral raw materials Item 3. A floating particle or molded article according to item 1 or 2. The polyvalent metal compound for the filling process includes one or a combination selected from Mg, Ca, Al, and Fe, and the acid component of the polybasic acid compound is selected from carbonic acid, silicic acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acids The floating powder particle or molded product according to claim 2 or 3, which is one or a combination. The plant raw material is one or a combination selected from charcoal, activated carbon, cereals, cellulose, lignin or biomass, or one or a combination selected from crushed and altered products, agricultural and forestry by-products. Item 5. A black or brown floating powder or molded article according to Item 1 to 4. The molding is one or a mixture selected from flakes, pellets, agglomerates, and encapsulated products, and one or a mixture selected from vegetable or coal or its carbide, semi-carbide, heat-treated product is okara, starch, A material selected from alginic acid, fatty acid, fatty acid soap, fats and oils, solid paraffin, protein, pulp waste liquid, synthetic polymer, fiber or modified materials thereof is used as a binder, extrusion molding machine, rotary molding machine, roll press machine 6. A pellet or flake, agglomerate or capsule, or a molded product is carbonized, semi-carbonized or heat-treated as a raw material or processed by a molding machine selected from a mixer and a Henschel mixer. Floating powder or molded product. 7. The floating powder or molded product according to claim 2, wherein Portland cement or alumina cement is used. 8. The floating powder or molded product according to claim 1, which floats near the water surface and covers the water surface or / and floats for a predetermined time and then sinks to the bottom of the water to shield and shield grass, algae and plankton. 9. The floating powder or molded product according to claim 1, wherein microorganisms or / and nutrients of microorganisms are enclosed in order to generate methane or carbon dioxide to give buoyancy. 10. The black to brown floating powder or molded product produced by carbonizing, semi-carbonizing, or heat-treating with an apparatus selected from a fluidized bed, a vibrating fluidized bed, and a fluidized bed with a stirrer. The black to brown floating powder particles or molded product according to claim 1 used for fuel. 11. The floating powder granule or molded product according to claim 1 used for fish food or medicine. 11. The floating powder or molded product according to claim 1, which is an oil film or an oil film that is oleophilic and water-repellent or a purification and removal material for dissolved substances in water. The floating powder or molded product according to claim 1, wherein the floating carbonaceous material according to claim 1, which has light-shielding properties and / or drug sustained-release properties, is sprayed on the surface of the microbial abnormality occurrence. Floating powder particles or molded products that have been floated on the water surface and used for work selected from shading, drug administration, and oil adsorption are suctioned with water and filtered or separated by a cyclone. The floating powder or molded product according to claim 1, which is obtained by reusing or regenerating. (B) Sustainability, (b) Sustained release of drugs or fertilizers, (c) Types of sustained release of microorganisms, (d) Dilution transport, etc. A single or mixed product is used, spread on the water surface, and after a predetermined time, part or all of the product is allowed to settle and sprayed to the bottom of the water, and the diluted granular material or molded product is retained or recovered on the water surface. Floating powder or molded product according to 15 to 15. The floatable granular material or molded product according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the raw material is a mixture of a variety of plant raw materials, which may be biomass, or coal or lignite, and carbonized or carbonized. . 18. The floating powder or molded product according to claim 1, wherein the plant material is treated at a temperature and treatment time near the boundary between carbonization and semi-carbonization and is hydrophobized with a hydrophobic material. The floating powder according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the plant material is coffee-extracted coffee cake, roasted tea extract coffee cake, roasted chestnut skin, and is made into a raw material or a product as it is or selected from carbonization, semi-carbonization, and heat treatment. Or molded product.   Heated, semi-carbonized, carbonized or hydrophobized with addition of a material selected from a binder, hydrophobizing substance, or plugging material to plant or organic raw material granules or moldings. The floating particle or molded article according to claim 1.   21. The suspended powder or molded product according to claim 1, wherein the drug-releasing material is a mosquito larva, moth, harmful fish, or small animal. When spreading floating particles or moldings on rice fields (1) Feeding with rice feeders while moving with rice transplanters or (2) Feeding mechanism with feeder and water flow at any place in rice fields 21. The floatable powder particles or molded product according to claim 1, wherein the floatable particle or molded product is spread on a rice field using a water surface swing mechanism. Floatability that adjusts the supply amount when floating particles or molded products are spread on the surface of a water channel, which may be a ditch or a culvert, and circulates or does not circulate the water flow while being applied to the water surface How to spread powder or molded product. A floating carbon material having light-shielding properties or / and drugs or / and microbial sustained release is released on the surface of the water alone or together with floating particles or pellets for transportation, and the floating carbonaceous material is settled and sprayed on the bottom of the water. A spraying method for collecting powder particles or pellets for transport.

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