JP2007198201A - Gas turbine plant system and gas turbine plant system remodeling method - Google Patents

Abstract

A gas turbine plant system capable of effectively operating a high-humidity gas turbine even in an area where it is difficult to secure sufficient water and a method for remodeling the same are provided.
A compressor 3 that compresses the atmosphere to generate compressed air, a combustor 6 that obtains combustion gas by compressed air and fuel from the compressor 3, and a turbine 7 that obtains power by combustion gas from the combustor 6. A high-humidity gas turbine facility 1 having a high temperature, an exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 that heats water using exhaust gas from the gas turbine facility 1, and a water production facility that purifies water by distilling seawater with steam from the boiler facility 100 200, a compressed air humidifier 4 that supplies a part of water purified by the water production facility 200 and heated by the boiler facility 100 to the compressed air from the compressor 3, and compressed by the compressed air humidifier 4 And a regenerator 5 that heats the air with the exhaust gas of the gas turbine equipment 1.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas turbine plant system and a gas turbine plant system remodeling method.

  As a power generation system using a gas turbine, there is a so-called high-humidity gas turbine system that improves efficiency by spraying water droplets on the intake air of a compressor to increase the flow rate of a working fluid. In this type of system, since a large amount of water is contained in the exhaust gas of the gas turbine, there is a system in which the water in the exhaust gas is recovered by a water recovery device and the water is reused in the system. (Refer to patent document 1 etc.).

JP-A-10-110628

  However, it is difficult to use a high-humidity gas turbine system that requires a large amount of water in an area where it is difficult to obtain sufficient water for geographical reasons. In such areas, even if a water recovery device such as the one described above is installed, the amount of water obtained can be more than the amount of water required for removal of impurities concentrated in the circulating water system of the plant, replacement of circulating water, etc. Because of the small amount, it is still difficult to obtain a sufficient amount of water.

  An object of the present invention is to provide a gas turbine plant system capable of effectively operating a high-humidity gas turbine even in an area where it is difficult to secure sufficient water, and a method for remodeling the same.

  (1) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a compressor that compresses the atmosphere to generate compressed air, a combustor that obtains combustion gas from the compressed air and fuel from the compressor, and the combustor A gas turbine having a turbine that is powered by the combustion gas of the gas, a boiler that heats the water by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine, a water production device that purifies water by distilling seawater with the steam from the boiler, and the water A humidifier that supplies a portion of the water purified by the manufacturing apparatus and heated by the boiler to the compressed air from the compressor, and the compressed air humidified by the humidifier is heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine. A heat exchanger, and air heated by the heat exchanger is supplied to the combustor as combustion air.

  (2) The above (1) preferably further comprises a water supply system for supplying a part of the water purified by the water production apparatus to the water demand area.

  (3) In the above (1) or (2), preferably, a water recovery device for recovering water in the exhaust gas is further provided on the downstream side in the exhaust gas distribution direction of the boiler.

  (4) Preferably, any of the above (1) to (3) is further provided with a water spraying device for spraying water purified by the water production device into the air taken in from the atmosphere upstream of the compressor. Shall.

  (5) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention compresses the atmosphere in a plant equipped with a boiler for heating water and a water production apparatus for purifying water by distilling seawater with steam from the boiler. A compressor for generating compressed air, a combustor for obtaining combustion gas from the compressed air and fuel from the compressor, a gas turbine having a turbine for obtaining power by the combustion gas from the combustor, and the water producing apparatus A humidifier that supplies a portion of the water purified by the boiler and heated by the boiler to the compressed air from the compressor, and before the compressed air humidified by the humidifier is supplied to the combustor as combustion air And a heat exchanger that is heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine.

  (6) Further, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention compresses the atmosphere to generate compressed air, a combustor that obtains combustion gas from the compressed air and fuel from the compressor, and the combustion A gas turbine having a turbine that obtains power by combustion gas from the vessel, a boiler that heats water with the exhaust gas of the gas turbine, a water production apparatus that purifies water by distilling seawater with steam from the boiler, Humidification means for supplying a part of the water purified by the water production apparatus and heated by the boiler to the compressed air from the compressor, and the combustor using the compressed air humidified by the humidification apparatus as combustion air And a heat exchanger that is heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine before being supplied to the gas turbine.

  According to the present invention, water can be efficiently supplied using seawater even in an area where it is difficult to secure sufficient water, and thus a gas turbine plant system having a high humidity gas turbine is used. be able to.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of the first embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 1, the gas turbine plant system of the present embodiment includes a high humidity gas turbine facility 1, an exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100, and a water production facility 200.

  The high-humidity gas turbine equipment 1 includes a water spray device 2 that sprays water onto air taken from the atmosphere, a compressor 3 that compresses water sprayed air to generate compressed air, and supplies water to the compressed air A compressed air humidifier 4 for humidifying, a regenerator 5 that is a heat exchanger for heating the humidified compressed air, a combustor 6 for combusting fuel and humidified / heated compressed air to obtain combustion gas, A turbine 7 that obtains rotational power by the combustion gas of the combustor 6 and a generator 8 that converts the rotational power of the turbine 7 into electric energy are provided.

  The water spraying device 2 is provided on the upstream side of the compressor 3 in the air flow direction, and sprays water droplets onto the air a by the water k supplied from the water production facility 200. The compressed air humidifier 4 is provided on the downstream side of the compressor 3 in the air flow direction. The compressed air c is humidified by the water m purified by the water production facility 200 and further heated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100. Yes. When water droplets are sprayed on the intake air of the compressor 3, the temperature of the intake air decreases and the sprayed water droplets evaporate in the compressor 3. As a result, the temperature of the heated air in the compressor 3 is lowered and the volume of the heated air is reduced, so that the power of the compressor 3 is reduced. Therefore, the output of the high-humidity gas turbine equipment 1 increases by this power reduction. Moreover, since the water droplet sprayed from the water spraying apparatus 2 evaporates and becomes a gas and becomes a working fluid of the turbine, the output of the high-humidity gas turbine equipment 1 corresponding to that amount increases. Further, since a large amount of moisture is contained in the combustion gas, the flow rate is increased by the amount of moisture added by humidification of the sprayed water droplets of the compressor 3 and the compressed air humidifier 4, and the turbine output is increased. When the steam having a larger specific heat than air is mixed, the specific heat of the mixed gas increases, and the output increases due to the effect of increasing the amount of work that can be taken out when the compressed mixed gas expands in the turbine.

  The regenerator 5 is provided on the downstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas of the turbine 7, heats the humidified compressed air d humidified by the compressed air humidifier 4 by the heat of the exhaust gas r, and the compressed air e to the combustor 6. Supply. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, the fuel f is supplied to the combustor 6 together with the compressed air e. However, the compressed air e is supplied to the fuel f before being supplied to the combustion chamber 6. You may comprise.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, although the generator 8 is connected with the rotating shaft on the same axis as the turbine 7, the structure in case the generator 8 converts the rotational power of the turbine 7 into an electrical energy is illustrated. The high-humidity gas turbine facility 1 may be connected to another load device such as a pump instead of the generator 8.

  The exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 further heats the water that has been divided by supplying a water heater 101 that heats the water purified by the water production facility 200, a branch portion 102 that diverts the water heated by the water heater 101, and the separated water. The evaporator 103 to evaporate and the superheater 104 which extracts and superheats the vapor | steam evaporated by the evaporator 103 are provided. The boiler equipment 100 is installed on the downstream side of the turbine 7 in the exhaust gas distribution direction, and the exhaust gas circulates in the inside. The feed water heater 101, the evaporator 103, The water (steam) flowing through the superheater 104 is heated.

  The feed water heater 101 is provided on the most downstream side in the exhaust gas s distribution direction in the boiler facility 100, and heats the water j purified by the water production facility 200 by exchanging heat with the exhaust gas s. A branch portion 102 is provided on the downstream side of the feed water heater 101 in the water flow direction, and a water supply pipe 10 connected to the compressed air humidifier 4 is connected to the branch portion 102. As a result, the branch section 102 divides the heating water m into the compressed air humidifier 4 through the water supply pipe 10. An evaporator 103 is provided on the downstream side in the water flow direction and on the upstream side in the flow direction of the exhaust gas s.

  The evaporator 103 is configured such that the water 1 heated by the feed water heater 101 can be further heated to steam by exhaust gas s, and the steam can be collected and extracted as saturated steam. A superheater 104 is provided downstream of the evaporator 103 in the steam (water) flow direction and upstream of the exhaust gas s flow direction. The superheater 104 superheats the extracted saturated steam n with the exhaust gas s to form superheated steam o. The superheater 104 is connected to a steam pipe 201 (described later) on the downstream side in the steam flow direction. In the present embodiment, the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 is configured by three heat exchangers of the feed water heater 101, the evaporator 103, and the superheater 104 to heat the water and obtain superheated steam. The means for generating steam is not limited to this configuration. The boiler equipment may be configured so as to be able to generate steam having a temperature at which water can be distilled by heating water, and of course, the number of heat exchangers is not limited.

  The water production facility 200 includes a steam line 201 through which superheated steam generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 circulates, a water production apparatus 202 that distills seawater with this superheated steam and purifies water, and seawater that supplies seawater. A water supply pipe 203, a drain pipe 204 for draining water containing salt that remains when seawater is distilled, a water supply pipe 205 through which purified water flows, and a branch part through which water in the water supply pipe 205 is diverted 206, a water supply pump 207 that pumps water flowing through the water supply pipe 205, a branching section 208 that divides the water in the water supply pipe 205 so as to flow to the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 and the water spray device 2, and manufacturing A water supply pipe 209 for supplying the water to the demand area and a flow rate adjusting valve 210 for adjusting the amount of water flowing through the water supply pipe 209 are provided.

  The steam line 201 is connected to the water production apparatus 202 on the outlet side of the superheated steam o, and supplies the superheated steam o generated by the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 to the water production apparatus 202. The water production apparatus 202 is a reheat-type seawater desalination apparatus, and purifies water by evaporating seawater p using steam o. In addition to the reheat-type seawater desalination apparatus, a flash-type seawater desalination apparatus or the like can be used as the water production apparatus 202. In addition, the water production apparatus 202 is connected to the seawater water supply pipe 203, the drainage pipe 204, and the water supply pipe 205.

  The seawater supply pipe 203 supplies seawater p obtained from the ocean to the water production apparatus 202. The drainage pipe 204 discharges water q containing salt remaining when the seawater p is distilled out of the plant. Moreover, the water supply pipe line 205 supplies the water g refined by the water production apparatus 202 into the plant or the like.

  The water supply pipe 205 includes a branching portion 206 where water g is diverted, a water supply pump 207 which pumps water purified by the water production facility 200, and a branching portion 208 where water i is diverted in order from upstream to downstream in the water flow direction. And is connected to the feed water heater 101 on the most downstream side. A water supply pipe line 209 connected to the water demand area is connected to the branching portion 206. The water supply pipe 209 is provided with a flow rate adjusting valve 210, and water h whose flow rate is appropriately adjusted by the flow rate adjusting valve 210 according to the amount of water required by the gas turbine equipment 1 and the exhaust heat recovery boiler equipment 100 is supplied. It is supplied to a water demand area outside the plant through a pipe line 209. A water supply pipe 11 that communicates with the water spray device 2 is connected to the branching portion 208, and water i is supplied to the water spray device 2 through the water supply pipe 11.

  In addition, since the water production facility 200 distills water using seawater p as a raw material as described above, it is preferable to install the water production facility 200 in a place where seawater can be easily obtained from an operational viewpoint.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.

  The air a taken in from the atmosphere is sprayed with water supplied from the water production facility 200 via the water supply pipe 11 in the water spray device 2. The air b thus sprayed with water is then supplied to the compressor 3 and compressed to a predetermined pressure to become compressed air c (for example, 350 ° C., 0.8 MPa). The compressed air c is guided to the compressed air humidifier 4 and is humidified by the heated water m supplied from the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 via the water supply pipe 10. The humidified air d (for example, 200 ° C.) is guided to the regenerator 5 where it is heated by the exhaust gas r (for example, 650 ° C.) of the turbine 7. The air e thus heated (for example, 600 ° C.) is guided to the combustor 6 together with the fuel f.

  Air e and fuel f guided to the combustor 6 are combusted to form high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gas, which is supplied to the turbine 7. This combustion gas gives rotational power to the turbine 7 by expansion work or the like, and this rotational power is transmitted to the generator 8 to generate electric energy. The combustion gas (exhaust gas r, s) that has rotated the turbine 7 is sequentially led to the regenerator 5 and the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 that are installed on the downstream side in the circulation direction, and is used as a heat source.

  The exhaust gas s (for example, 250 ° C.) obtained by heating the air flowing through the regenerator 5 is guided to the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 and used for heating the water (steam) flowing inside. The exhaust gas s flows through the boiler facility 100 from the upstream side in the flow direction in the order of the superheater 104, the evaporator 103, and the feed water heater 101. And it heats in steps by heat exchange in each of these heat exchangers, becomes exhaust gas t, and is discharged outside the boiler facility 100.

  In the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100, the water j produced by the water production facility 200 is supplied to the feed water heater 101, and the feed water heater 101 heats the water j with the heat of the exhaust gas s. The heated water is split into water l and water m at the branching section 102, and the water l is supplied to the evaporator 103 in the boiler facility 100, and the water m is supplied to the compressed air humidifier 4 through the water supply pipe 10. The water l supplied to the evaporator 103 is further heated in the evaporator 103 to become steam. The steam generated by the evaporator 103 is extracted and guided to the superheater 104 as saturated steam n. The saturated steam n is superheated by the superheater 104 to become superheated steam o (for example, 200 ° C., 0.5 MPa), and is supplied to the water production apparatus 202 via the steam line 201.

  In addition to the superheated steam o, the seawater p is supplied to the water production apparatus 202 via the seawater supply pipe 203. The water production apparatus 202 purifies the water g by distilling the seawater p by using the heat of the superheated steam o. On the other hand, when the water g is purified, the water q containing salt remaining in the water production apparatus 202 is discharged to the outside through the drain pipe 204. The water g thus obtained is supplied to the water supply pipe 205.

  The water g supplied to the water supply pipe 205 is divided into water i supplied into the plant and water supplied to water demand areas outside the plant at the branching unit 206. The water h for the water demand area outside the plant is appropriately adjusted in flow rate by the flow rate adjusting valve 210 and then supplied to the water supply pipe 209. On the other hand, the water i supplied into the plant is boosted by the feed water pump 207 and guided to the branching unit 208. The water i guided to the branching portion 208 is divided into water k and water j, the water k is supplied to the water spraying device 2 through the water supply pipe 11, and the water j is the feed water heater 101 in the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100. To be supplied.

  As described above, the present embodiment purifies the water g by distilling the seawater p using the superheated steam o obtained using the exhaust gas of the turbine 7 even in an area where it is difficult to obtain fresh water, By supplying this water g to the high-humidity gas turbine facility 1, a highly efficient high-humidity gas turbine can be operated.

  Next, the operation and effect of the present embodiment will be described.

  In general, operating a high-humidity gas turbine requires water to be added to the compressed air to increase the working fluid flow rate and increase turbine output, while remaining in the exhaust gas. Since some water is discharged outside the plant, it is necessary to continue supplying a sufficient amount of water. For this reason, when operating a high-humidity gas turbine in a region where water cannot be supplied sufficiently due to geographical reasons, or even if water can be supplied (for example, a desert region or a coastal region), The problem of whether to secure it arises. As a solution, it is conceivable to install a water recovery facility capable of recovering the moisture in the exhaust gas at the outlet of the exhaust gas. However, even if a water recovery facility is installed, considering the water to remove impurities concentrated in the circulating water system of the plant and the water for replacing the circulating water, the water recovery facility alone has a high moisture content. It is difficult to secure a sufficient amount of water for gas turbine operation.

  Now, according to the present invention, steam is generated by the exhaust gas from the high-humidity gas turbine facility 1 in the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100, and water is purified from seawater using this steam in the water production facility 200. Thereby, since this invention can supply refined water to compressed air via the compressed air humidification apparatus 4, operation | movement of a high-humidity gas turbine is attained also in an area with little water.

  Moreover, the excess of the manufactured water can be supplied to the area outside the plant as drinking water or domestic water via the water supply pipe 209, or can be supplied to other parts that require water in the plant. . Furthermore, if water storage means such as a tank is installed separately, surplus water can be stored appropriately, so that it can be used for maintenance such as replacement of circulating water in the plant or as emergency water. it can. In regions where the value of water is high, the water production effect of such a high humidity gas turbine plant is particularly remarkable. Further, since the steam generated by heating with the exhaust gas in the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 is used as the heat source for seawater distillation in the water production facility 200, it is necessary to newly generate the steam for distillation by burning the fuel or the like. In addition, since there is no need to install a new boiler, running costs and construction costs can be reduced.

  Furthermore, in this embodiment, in addition to humidification in the compressed air humidifier 4, water is supplied to the air a before being introduced into the compressor 3 also by the water spray device 2. When water is supplied to the air before compression in this way, the air is cooled by the supplied water and the density increases. Therefore, in addition to being able to compress to the set value with a lower compression power than when not supplying water, the supplied water Since the air takes the heat of the air during the compression, the temperature rise of the compressed air is suppressed and the compression power is further reduced. Thus, if the compression power of the compressor 3 reduces, the energy efficiency of a plant can be improved. In addition, when a general gas turbine is used particularly in a dry area, the efficiency of the plant may decrease due to the high atmospheric temperature. However, the present invention operates an efficient high-humidity gas turbine in such an area. Can do. Further, water spraying by the water spraying device 2 also contributes to an increase in the compressed air flow rate, similarly to the humidification by the compressed air humidifying device 4. Thereby, since the working fluid flow rate can be further increased as compared with the first embodiment, the efficiency of the high-humidity gas turbine can be further improved.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram schematically showing the overall configuration of the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same parts as those in FIG.

  This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a water recovery facility 300 is provided on the downstream side of the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 in the exhaust gas distribution direction. About others, it is substantially the same as 1st Embodiment, and the same effect can be acquired.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the gas turbine plant system of the present embodiment includes a water recovery facility 300 in addition to the high-humidity gas turbine 1, the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100, and the water production facility 200.

  The water recovery facility 300 includes a water recovery device 301 that recovers moisture in the exhaust gas t ′, a water supply pipe 302 through which the recovered water circulates, and a merge where the recovered water and water from the water production facility 200 merge. Part 303.

  The water recovery device 301 is provided downstream of the exhaust heat recovery boiler facility 100 in the exhaust gas distribution direction, and cools the exhaust gas t ′ used as a heat source in the boiler facility 100 and is contained in this gas. Water is collected by condensing water vapor. The exhaust gas t 'from which the water has been recovered is discharged out of the plant as exhaust gas u. A water supply line 302 is connected to the water recovery apparatus 301, and the water supply line 302 supplies the recovered water v into the plant. A merging portion 303 is provided on the downstream side of the water supply pipe 302 in the direction of water flow. In this merging portion 303, water i produced by the water production facility 200 merges with water v. The merged water is further guided to the branching portion 208 on the downstream side, divided into water j and water k as in the first embodiment, and supplied to the feed water heater 101 and the water spray device 2, respectively.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the water contained in the exhaust gas t ′ is recovered by the water recovery device 301. As a result, the water once supplied to the compressed air can be reused, and more water can be obtained compared to the case where the water recovery device 301 is not installed. As in the first embodiment, this embodiment is particularly effective when used in areas where there is a great demand for water.

  In addition, the turbine plant system of each of the above embodiments can be constructed if there is a boiler facility (steam generation facility), a gas turbine facility, and a water production facility. It is also a great merit that it can be easily constructed by adding or adding parts that are lacking in existing plant equipment to make the above equipment. For example, in the case of a plant having a boiler facility and a water production facility using steam from the boiler facility, a gas turbine facility is added to the plant, and a compressed air humidifier is added to the turbine plant of the present invention. You can build a system. On the other hand, when only gas turbine equipment exists, a boiler equipment that uses the exhaust gas as a heat source and a water production equipment that distills water using the steam generated by the boiler equipment should be added. It is possible to build this system.

1 is a circuit diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows simply the whole structure of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High-humidity gas turbine equipment 2 Water spray device 3 Compressor 4 Compressed air humidifier 5 Regenerator 6 Combustor 7 Turbine 8 Generator 100 Waste heat recovery boiler equipment 101 Feed water heater 103 Evaporator 104 Superheater 200 Water production equipment 202 Water production apparatus 203 Seawater water supply line 204 Drainage line 205 Water supply line 207 Water supply pump 209 Water supply line 300 Water recovery facility 301 Water recovery system 302 Water supply line

Claims (6)

A gas turbine having a compressor that compresses the atmosphere to generate compressed air, a combustor that obtains combustion gas from the compressed air and fuel from the compressor, and a turbine that is powered by combustion gas from the combustor;
A boiler that heats water by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine;
A water production device for purifying water by distilling seawater with steam from this boiler;
A humidifier that supplies a portion of the water purified by the water production apparatus and heated by the boiler to the compressed air from the compressor;
A heat exchanger for heating the compressed air humidified by the humidifier with the exhaust gas of the gas turbine,
A gas turbine plant system characterized in that air heated by the heat exchanger is supplied to the combustor as combustion air. The gas turbine plant system according to claim 1, wherein
The gas turbine plant system further comprising a water supply system for supplying a part of the water purified by the water production apparatus to a water demand area. In the gas turbine plant system according to claim 1 or 2,
Furthermore, the gas turbine plant system characterized by providing the water recovery apparatus which collect | recovers the water in exhaust gas in the exhaust gas distribution direction downstream of the said boiler. In the gas turbine plant system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The gas turbine plant system further comprises a water spray device for spraying water purified by the water production device into the air taken in from the atmosphere on the upstream side of the compressor. In a plant equipped with a boiler that heats water, and a water production device that purifies water by distilling seawater with steam from this boiler,
A gas turbine having a compressor that compresses the atmosphere to generate compressed air, a combustor that obtains combustion gas from the compressed air and fuel from the compressor, and a turbine that is powered by combustion gas from the combustor;
A humidifier that supplies a portion of the water purified by the water production apparatus and heated by the boiler to the compressed air from the compressor;
A modification of the gas turbine plant system, wherein a heat exchanger that is heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is additionally installed before the compressed air humidified by the humidifier is supplied to the combustor as combustion air. Method. A gas turbine having a compressor that compresses the atmosphere to generate compressed air, a combustor that obtains combustion gas by compressed air and fuel from the compressor, and a turbine that is powered by combustion gas from the combustor,
A boiler for heating water with the exhaust gas of the gas turbine;
A water production device for purifying water by distilling seawater with steam from this boiler;
Humidification means for supplying a part of the water purified by the water production apparatus and heated by the boiler to the compressed air from the compressor;
A modification of the gas turbine plant system, wherein a heat exchanger that is heated by the exhaust gas of the gas turbine is additionally installed before the compressed air humidified by the humidifier is supplied to the combustor as combustion air. Method.

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