JP2007068969A - Iontophoresis apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an iontophoresis apparatus, in which generation of gas or undesirable ions due to electrode reaction occurring in an electrode structure, or deterioration of a drug due to chemical reaction during conduction can be inhibited or at least reduced. <P>SOLUTION: In this iontophoresis apparatus, a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m<SP>2</SP>/g or above, a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a capacitance per unit volume of 1 F/g or above, or a polarizable electrode containing an activated carbon in the electrode structure on the working side or on the non-working side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to an iontophoresis device, and more particularly to an iontophoresis device that can suppress or suppress an undesirable electrode reaction in an electrode structure.

  Iontophoresis is a method in which a drug dissociated into positive or negative ions in a solution is driven by voltage to transcutaneously transfer into the living body. It has the advantage of being excellent in.

  FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a basic configuration of an iontophoresis device which is a device for performing the iontophoresis.

  As shown in the figure, the iontophoresis device includes an electrode 111 and a working electrode structure 110 having an electrode 111 and a drug solution holding unit 114 that holds a solution (drug solution) of a drug dissociated into plus or minus drug ions. 121 and a non-working side electrode structure 120 having an electrolytic solution holding unit 122 for holding an electrolytic solution, and a power supply 130 having both ends connected to the electrodes 111 and 121, a chemical solution holding unit 114 and an electrolytic solution holding unit The drug ion is administered to the living body by applying a voltage of the same conductivity type as that of the drug ion to the electrode 111 and a voltage of the opposite conductivity type to the electrode 121 while the unit 122 is in contact with the living body skin.

  One of the problems to be solved in such an iontophoresis device is various electrode reactions that occur in the electrode structures 110 and 120.

  For example, when the drug is a cationic drug that dissociates into positive drug ions, hydrogen ions or oxygen gas may be generated at the electrode 111 due to electrolysis of water, and hydroxyl ions or hydrogen gas may be generated at the electrode 121. Depending on the type of drug, the drug may cause a chemical reaction in the vicinity of the electrode 111 when energized and the quality may change, and if the chemical solution holding part 114 contains chlorine ions, chlorine may be generated. Gas and hypochlorous acid may be generated.

  Similarly, when the drug is an anionic drug that dissociates into negative drug ions, hydroxyl ions and hydrogen gas may be generated at the electrode 111 due to electrolysis of water, and hydrogen ions and oxygen may be generated at the electrode 121. Gas may be generated, and depending on the type of drug, the drug may cause a chemical reaction in the vicinity of the electrode 111 when energized, and the electrolyte solution holding part 122 contains chlorine ions. May generate chlorine gas or hypochlorous acid.

  When the gas as described above is generated in the electrode structures 110 and 120, the energization from the electrodes 111 and 121 to the chemical solution and the electrolytic solution is inhibited, and hydrogen ions, hydroxyl ions, and hypochlorous acid are generated. If they occur, they will move to the living body interface and have a harmful effect on the living body. In addition, when a drug is altered, it may cause an unfavorable situation such as failure to obtain a desired drug effect or generation of a toxic substance.

  As an iontophoresis device that can solve the above problems, Patent Document 1 discloses an iontophoresis device in which a silver electrode is used as an anode and a silver chloride electrode is used as a cathode.

  In this iontophoresis device, the silver at the anode is oxidized to insoluble silver chloride by energization, and the reaction at which the silver chloride is reduced to metal silver at the cathode preferentially occurs. Generation of various gases and generation of various ions can be suppressed.

  However, with this iontophoresis device, it is difficult to prevent dissolution of the silver electrode during storage of the device, and in particular in the case of a device that administers a cationic drug, the types of drugs that can be applied are extremely limited. End up. In addition, since the change in morphology when silver chloride is generated from the silver electrode is large, special consideration is necessary to prevent such a change in morphology from affecting the characteristics of the device. There is also a problem that greatly restricts the form of the apparatus, such as being unable to employ. Furthermore, this iontophoresis device does not solve the problem of drug alteration during energization.

  As another iontophoresis device that can solve the above problem, Patent Document 2 discloses the iontophoresis device shown in FIG.

  As illustrated, the iontophoresis device includes an electrode 211, an electrolyte solution holding unit 212 that holds an electrolyte solution that contacts the electrode 211, and a second conductive material disposed on the front side of the electrolyte solution holding unit 212. Type ion exchange membrane 213, a chemical solution holding part 214 for holding a chemical solution containing a first conductivity type drug ion arranged on the front side of the ion exchange membrane 213, and a first type arranged on the front side of the chemical solution holding unit 214. It is composed of a working electrode structure 210 having a one-conductivity type ion exchange membrane 215, and a non-working electrode structure 220 and an electrode 230 similar to those in FIG.

  In this iontophoresis device, since the electrolytic solution and the chemical solution are partitioned by the second conductivity type second ion exchange membrane 213, the composition of the electrolytic solution can be selected independently of the chemical solution. Therefore, it is possible to use an electrolyte solution that does not contain chlorine ions. By selecting an electrolyte in the electrolyte solution that has an oxidation or reduction potential lower than that of water, it is caused by water electrolysis. Generation of oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions can be suppressed. Alternatively, it is possible to suppress a pH change caused by the generation of hydrogen ions or hydroxyl ions by using a buffer electrolyte solution in which a plurality of types of electrolytes are dissolved. Furthermore, in this iontophoresis device, since the transfer of drug ions to the electrolyte solution holding part is blocked by the second ion exchange membrane, the problem that the drug is altered by a chemical reaction during energization is also solved.

On the other hand, the iontophoresis device of Patent Document 2 has a large number of members constituting the device, and the electrolytic solution holding unit 212 and the chemical solution holding unit 214 can be handled in a wet state (high moisture content). Since it is necessary, there is a problem that it is difficult to automate manufacturing and mass production, or to reduce manufacturing cost.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,744,787 Japanese Patent No. 3040517

  An object of the present invention is to provide an iontophoresis device capable of suppressing or suppressing the generation of oxygen gas, chlorine gas, or hydrogen gas in an electrode structure.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an iontophoresis device that can suppress or suppress the generation of hydrogen ions, hydroxyl ions, or hypochlorous acid in an electrode structure.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an iontophoresis device capable of suppressing or suppressing alteration due to a chemical reaction of a drug during energization.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an iontophoresis device that can suppress or suppress the generation of gas or ions as described above, or the alteration of a drug, and that does not cause a large morphological change in an electrode by energization. To do.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an iontophoresis device that can suppress or suppress the generation of gas or ions as described above, or the alteration of drugs, and has a simplified configuration.

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an iontophoresis device that can suppress or suppress the generation of gas or ions as described above, or the alteration of drugs, and that can be easily automated or mass-produced. .

  Another object of the present invention is to provide an iontophoresis device that can suppress or suppress the generation of gas or ions as described above, or the alteration of drugs, and can reduce the manufacturing cost.

  The present invention is an iontophoresis device comprising an electrode structure having a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a capacitance per unit weight of 1 F / g or more (claim 1).

  The iontophoresis device according to claim 1 has a polarizable electrode (also referred to as an electric double layer capacitance capacitor (ECDC)) containing a conductor having a capacitance per unit weight of 1 F / g or more. The energization of the polar electrode is caused by the formation of an electric double layer on the surface of the polarizable electrode. Therefore, it is possible to carry out sufficient energization for administration of a necessary amount of drug ions without causing an electrode reaction or in a state where the electrode reaction is reduced. As a result, generation of gas such as oxygen gas, chlorine gas, or hydrogen gas, or generation of undesirable ions such as hydrogen ion, hydroxyl ion, and hypochlorous acid can be suppressed or at least reduced.

  The electrostatic capacity per unit weight of the conductor according to claim 1 can be more preferably 10 F / g or more, so that an electric current can be applied without causing an electrode reaction or with a reduced electrode reaction. The amount of current obtained can be increased.

The present invention can also be an iontophoresis device comprising an electrode structure having a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more (Claim 2).

Since the iontophoresis device of claim 2 has a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more, the electric current in the polarizable electrode is such that an electric double layer is formed on the surface of the polarizable electrode. It is caused by being formed. Therefore, it is possible to carry out sufficient energization for administration of a necessary amount of drug ions without causing an electrode reaction or in a state where the electrode reaction is reduced. As a result, generation of gas such as oxygen gas, chlorine gas, or hydrogen gas, or generation of undesirable ions such as hydrogen ion, hydroxyl ion, and hypochlorous acid can be suppressed or at least reduced.

The specific surface area of the conductor according to claim 2 can be more preferably 100 m ² / g or more, whereby the amount of current that can be energized without causing an electrode reaction or with a reduced electrode reaction. Can be increased.

  As the conductor in the inventions of claims 1 and 2, it is possible to use a metal conductor such as gold, silver, aluminum and stainless steel, or a non-metal conductor such as activated carbon and ruthenium oxide. It is particularly preferable to use a non-metallic conductor as the above, whereby it becomes possible to reduce or eliminate the concern that metal ions are eluted from the polarizable electrode and transferred to the living body. In addition, the same effect can be acquired also when using the metal conductor by which insolubilization processing was given to the surface, such as an alumite, as a conductor which comprises a polarizable electrode.

  The present invention can also be an iontophoresis device comprising an electrode structure having a polarizable electrode containing activated carbon (claim 3).

  Since the iontophoresis device of claim 3 has a polarizable electrode containing activated carbon, the energization of the polarizable electrode is caused by the formation of an electric double layer on the surface of the activated carbon. Accordingly, it is possible to energize the electrolytic solution or the chemical solution without causing an electrode reaction or in a state where the electrode reaction is reduced. As a result, generation of gas such as oxygen gas, chlorine gas, or hydrogen gas, or generation of undesirable ions such as hydrogen ion, hydroxyl ion, and hypochlorous acid can be suppressed or at least reduced.

Here, as the activated carbon contained in the polarizable electrode, it is possible to use ordinary activated carbon obtained by carbonizing and activating a raw material containing carbon such as coconut shell, wood powder, coal, pitch, and coke. The activated carbon in the invention of claim 3 preferably has an electrostatic capacity per unit weight of 1 F / g or more, or a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more.

  In the invention of claim 3, activated carbon fibers obtained by carbonizing or activating natural fibers or artificial fibers can be used as the activated carbon (claim 4), whereby a polarizable electrode having excellent handleability. Can be obtained. The activated carbon fiber fiber can use the thing of the form of a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric, for example.

  Moreover, as the activated carbon fiber in this case, a carbon obtained by carbonizing and activating a novoloid fiber (a fiber obtained by making a phenol resin into a fiber and then performing a crosslinking treatment to make the molecular structure three-dimensional) is used. ) Is particularly preferred, whereby a polarizable electrode having excellent flexibility and mechanical strength (such as tensile strength) and a very high specific surface area and a large capacitance can be obtained.

  In the inventions of claims 1 to 5, it is possible to hold the electrolyte solution in the polarizable electrode (invention 6), whereby the contact state between the polarizable electrode and the electrolyte solution is improved, and the polarizability The conductivity from the electrode to the electrolyte can be improved.

  In the invention of claim 6, a polarizable electrode containing activated carbon or activated carbon fiber excellent in electrolyte permeability can be used particularly preferably. In addition, by adjusting the viscosity of the electrolytic solution by adding a thickener to the electrolytic solution to be held on the polarizable electrode, the retention of the electrolytic solution in the polarizable electrode is further improved. It is also possible to improve the ease of assembly of the apparatus.

  In the inventions of claims 1 to 6, it is preferable to blend a binder polymer with the polarizable electrode (invention 7).

  The binder polymer that can be used in this case serves as a binder for the conductor in claims 1 and 2 and the activated carbon in claim 3 and has a chemically stable property that does not dissolve in the electrolyte. For example, any polymer can be used without any particular limitation.

  For example, in a polarizable electrode containing activated carbon, if a thermosetting resin such as a phenol resin is used as a binder polymer, a binder polymer in which activated carbon is dispersed or a binder polymer impregnated in activated carbon is thermally cured. It is possible to form a polarizable electrode, or a binder polymer in which activated carbon is dispersed or a binder polymer impregnated in activated carbon is thermally cured and then carbonized and activated to electrostatically polarize the polarizable electrode. It is also possible to increase the capacity.

  In addition, it is preferable to make the polarizable electrode flexible by using a polymer having a certain degree of flexibility as the binder polymer, and thereby a flexible electrode structure that can follow the movement of the living body and the unevenness of the skin. An iontophoresis device can be provided.

  For such purposes and safety to the living body, it is preferable to use polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride as the binder polymer.

  The preferable compounding quantity of the binder polymer with respect to 97-80 weight part of activated carbon in the polarizable electrode containing activated carbon is 3-20 weight part.

  In invention of Claims 1-8, it is preferable that the said electrode structure is further equipped with the electrical power collector, and the said polarizable electrode is arrange | positioned in the front side of the said electrical power collector (Invention 9), thereby In addition, it is possible to cause energization at a uniform current density from the polarizable electrode, and an iontophoresis device capable of performing drug administration with higher efficiency can be realized.

  In order to achieve such an object, a current collector having a specific resistance or surface resistance smaller than that of the polarizable electrode is used.

  In the invention of claim 9, it is preferable that the current collector is formed of carbon fiber or carbon fiber paper (claim 10).

  According to this configuration, since it is possible to form an electrode structure without using a metal member, it is possible to reduce or eliminate the concern that metal ions eluted from the metal member elute and migrate to the living body. It becomes possible to do.

  Carbon fiber and carbon fiber paper are materials with low surface resistance, so it is possible to generate current with a uniform current density from polarizable electrodes, and carbon fiber and carbon fiber paper are highly flexible materials. Therefore, it is possible to provide an iontophoresis device including a flexible electrode structure that can follow the movement of the living body and the unevenness of the skin.

  In invention of Claim 9 or 10, it is preferable that the polarizable electrode is blended with a binder polymer, and the current collector is impregnated with a part of the binder polymer (Invention 11).

  In this case, it is necessary that the current collector can be impregnated with a binder polymer. From this need, carbon fiber or carbon fiber paper is particularly preferably used as the current collector in claim 11.

  In the iontophoresis device according to claim 11, when the current collector is impregnated with a part of the binder polymer, the conductor according to claim 1 and the part of the activated carbon according to claim 3 are collected together with the binder polymer. You may make it enter the electric body.

  The binder polymer in the invention of claim 11 can be the same as that described above for claim 7, and if a thermosetting material is used as the binder polymer, the composition is composed of activated carbon and the binder polymer. The material can be cured after impregnating the current collector. Alternatively, the capacitance can be increased by further carbonizing and activating after curing.

  For the same reason as described above for claim 8, it is preferable to use polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride as the binder polymer in claim 11.

  The current collector in the invention of claims 9 to 11 can have the configuration described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2004-317317 by the applicant of the present invention, and the current collector in the invention of claim 10 or 11 is by the applicant of the present application. The configuration described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-222892 can be provided.

  That is, a terminal member made of a conductive resin in which carbon powder is mixed into a polymer matrix can be attached to the current collector (Claim 12), or the current collector has a predetermined area. It is possible to have a conductive sheet portion having an extension portion formed integrally with the conductive sheet portion.

  In invention of Claim 9, it is possible to form the said collector with the coating film of the electrically conductive coating material containing electroconductive powder (Claim 14), and, thereby, the manufacturing cost which concerns on formation of a collector Can be reduced.

  In this case, it is preferable to use carbon powder as the conductive powder contained in the conductive paint (claim 15), thereby reducing or eliminating the concern that the metal ions eluted from the current collector migrate to the living body. It becomes possible.

  In invention of Claim 14 or 15, it is possible to adhere | attach the said polarizable electrode and the said electrical power collector with a conductive adhesive (Invention 16), Thereby, a polarizable electrode, an electrical power collector, It is possible to improve the electrical conductivity between the two.

  In the inventions of claims 14 to 16, the current collector can be formed on a plastic substrate (claim 17), whereby the current collector can be handled without significantly increasing manufacturing costs. Can be improved. In this case, as the plastic substrate, a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) film or a thin plate can be used.

  The electrode structure having a polarizable electrode according to any of the first to 17th aspects of the present invention can be used as a working electrode structure in an iontophoresis device, or can be used as a non-working electrode structure.

  That is, as described above, an iontophoresis device usually has a working electrode structure that holds drug ions to be administered to a living body and a non-working electrode structure that serves as a counter electrode. In this case, the iontophoresis device of the present invention is such that at least one of the working electrode structure and the non-working electrode structure is the electrode structure according to claims 1 to 17, Preferably, both of them can be the electrode structure according to claims 1 to 17.

  Depending on the type of iontophoresis device, the drug to be administered to the living body may be held in both of the two electrode structures connected to both electrodes of the power supply (in this case, both electrode structures are effective). A plurality of electrode structures may be connected to each pole of the power source. In such a case, the iontophoresis of the present invention may be used. In the cis apparatus, at least one of these electrode structures is the electrode structure according to claims 1 to 17, and preferably all of the electrode structures can be the electrode structure according to claims 1 to 17. .

  In invention of Claims 1-17, the said electrode structure can be further provided with the chemical | medical solution holding | maintenance part which is arrange | positioned in the front side of the said polarizable electrode, and hold | maintains the chemical | medical solution containing a drug ion (invention 18). .

  The conductivity type of the drug ion in claim 18 may be either plus or minus, but for convenience of explanation, in the following explanation of claim 18, the conductivity type of drug ion is expressed as the first conductivity type.

  The electrode structure according to claim 18 can be used as a working electrode structure in an iontophoresis device, and has the same conductivity type as a drug ion on a polarizable electrode in a state in which a drug solution holding part is in contact with living body skin. By applying this voltage, drug ions in the drug solution holding part are administered to the living body.

  In the invention of claim 18, when the chemical solution holding part is disposed immediately before the polarizable electrode, and the chemical solution in the chemical solution holding part is in contact with the polarizable electrode, energization from the polarizable electrode to the chemical solution holding part All or at least a part of this occurs when ions of the second conductivity type in the chemical solution holding part are trapped by the polarizable electrode to form an electric double layer. Therefore, it is possible to energize the chemical without causing an electrode reaction or in a state where the electrode reaction is reduced. As a result, generation of gas or undesirable ions can be suppressed, or at least reduced. it can.

  Further, when the electrolyte solution is held on the polarizable electrode, the second conductive type ions in the electrolyte solution are mainly trapped on the polarizable electrode and an electric double layer is formed, so that an electric current is generated. The energization from the liquid to the chemical liquid is mainly caused by the movement of ions.

  In the invention of claim 18, ions of the first conductivity type are trapped in advance in the polarizable electrode, and in this state, the chemical solution holding part is brought into contact with the living body skin, and the voltage of the first conductivity type is applied to the polarizable electrode. It is also possible to energize by applying.

  In this case, all or part of the energization from the polarizable electrode to the chemical solution holding part is caused by the release of the first conductivity type ions trapped on the polarizable electrode and the chemical solution (or the polarizable electrode on the polarizable electrode). As described above, the generation of gas and undesired ions during energization can be suppressed or at least reduced, as described above.

  The trapping of the first conductivity type ions to the polarizable electrode can be performed by energizing the polarizable electrode with the second conductivity type voltage applied, whereby the drug ions (or the , Other ions of the first conductivity type) can be trapped in the polarizable electrode.

  In the invention of claim 18, it is preferable that the polarizable electrode holds a chemical solution having the same composition as the chemical solution in the chemical solution holding part (invention 19).

  In this invention, in addition to the improvement in the electrical conductivity from the polarizable electrode to the chemical solution by increasing the contact area between the polarizable electrode and the chemical solution, the chemical solution held in the polarizable electrode and the chemical solution holding part has the same composition. In addition, it is possible to prevent changes in device characteristics over time due to mixing of chemicals during storage of the device.

  According to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to improve the retention of the chemical solution in the polarizable electrode by blending a thickener with the chemical solution retained on the polarizable electrode. In this case, in order to prevent the device characteristics from changing over time, it is preferable to add the same amount of the same thickener to the chemical solution holding portion.

  In the following description, for simplification of explanation, regarding the energization from the polarizable electrode to other members, only the energization is caused by a specific mechanism, and the generation of specific gas and ions is suppressed. However, such a description means that the specific mechanism causes all or part of the energization from the polarizable electrode to other members, and the generation of specific gases and ions. Means deterred or reduced.

  In the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to further include a first conductivity type ion exchange membrane on the front surface side of the chemical solution holding part, thereby blocking the transfer of the biological counter ions to the chemical solution holding part. The amount of current consumed by the movement of the drug can be reduced, and the drug administration efficiency can be increased.

  In the invention of claim 18, it is possible to further include a second conductivity type ion exchange membrane between the chemical solution holding part and the polarizable electrode. In this case, a certain degree of electrode reaction occurs in the polarizable electrode. Even so, the migration of harmful ions such as hydrogen ions, hydroxyl ions, or hypochlorous acid to the living body can be blocked by the second conductivity type ion exchange membrane. Further, in the case of an iontophoresis device that holds a drug solution on a polarizable electrode, even if the degeneration of drug ions is caused by energization, the deionization of the deionized drug ions to the living body side is performed in the second conductivity type. It can be blocked by the ion exchange membrane.

  The second conductivity type ion exchange membrane is preferably integrally joined to the polarizable electrode, thereby improving the electrical conductivity between the second conductivity type ion exchange membrane and the polarizable electrode. The assembly work of the structure can be simplified. Therefore, automation and mass production of the electrode structure can be facilitated, or the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  The second conductivity type ion exchange membrane and the polarizable electrode can be joined by, for example, thermocompression bonding.

  In invention of Claims 1-19, the said electrode structure can be further provided with the 1st ion exchange membrane which is arrange | positioned at the front side of the said polarizable electrode, and was doped with the drug ion (Invention 20).

  Since the first ion exchange membrane in claim 20 can be either a cation exchange membrane or an anion exchange membrane, for convenience of explanation, in the following description of claim 20, the conductivity type of the first ion exchange membrane Is expressed as a first conductivity type.

  The electrode structure of claim 20 can be used as a working electrode structure in an iontophoresis device in the following first or second mode.

  In the first aspect, the first ion exchange membrane is doped with drug ions of the first conductivity type (the drug ions are bonded to the ion exchange groups in the first ion exchange membrane), and the first conductivity type is applied to the polarizable electrode. In the state where the first ion exchange membrane is trapped and the first ion exchange membrane is in contact with the living body skin, the first conductivity type voltage is applied to the polarizable electrode, so that the drug ion doped in the first ion exchange membrane becomes the living body. To be administered.

  In this case, energization from the polarizable electrode to the first ion exchange membrane occurs when ions of the first conductivity type trapped by the polarizable electrode are released and transferred to the first ion exchange membrane. Therefore, generation of gas and undesired ions during energization can be suppressed.

  The drug ions doped in the first ion exchange membrane are replaced with ions of the first conductivity type transferred from the polarizable electrode, and can be transferred to the living body.

  In this first aspect, since the first ion exchange membrane blocks the migration of biological counter ions to the polarizable electrode side, it is possible to increase the drug administration efficiency, and further, the member that directly contacts the biological skin Since the drug ions are held in the first ion exchange membrane, the drug ion administration efficiency can be further increased. In addition, since drug ions are held in a form that is doped into the first ion exchange membrane, the stability of drug ions during storage is increased, and the amount of use of stabilizers, antibacterial agents, preservatives, etc. The storage period can be extended.

  Furthermore, in the first aspect, the working electrode structure is constituted only by the polarizable electrode and the first ion exchange membrane, and has a wet member such as a chemical solution holding part used in the conventional iontophoresis device. It is possible not to do so. Therefore, the assembly work of the working electrode structure can be facilitated, automation of manufacturing and mass production can be facilitated, or manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  In the first aspect, the first ion exchange membrane is disposed in contact with the polarizable electrode in order to ensure the electrical conductivity from the polarizable electrode to the first ion exchange membrane.

  The first ion exchange membrane is preferably joined integrally with the polarizable electrode, thereby improving the electrical conductivity between the first ion exchange membrane and the polarizable electrode and simplifying the assembly work of the electrode structure. be able to. Therefore, automation and mass production of the electrode structure can be facilitated, or the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  In the first aspect, the doping of drug ions into the first ion exchange membrane and the trapping of the first conductivity type ions into the polarizable electrode are performed by immersing the first ion exchange membrane in a chemical solution containing drug ions of an appropriate concentration. In this state, the second conductive type voltage is applied to the polarizable electrode and energized.

  In the second aspect, an electrolyte solution holding part for holding an electrolyte solution is disposed between the polarizable electrode and the first ion exchange membrane doped with the first conductivity type drug ions, and the first ion exchange membrane is placed on the living body. Drug ions are administered to the living body by applying a first conductivity type voltage to the polarizable electrode in contact with the skin.

  In this case, the electrolytic solution in the electrolytic solution holding unit is a first conductive type ion for substituting drug ions in the first ion exchange membrane (hereinafter referred to as “first electrolytic type ion in the electrolytic solution”). And a role of supplying a second conductivity type ion (hereinafter referred to as a “second electrolyte ion”) in the electrolyte. Fulfill.

  That is, when the second electrolytic ions are transferred to the polarizable electrode and trapped to form an electric double layer, energization from the polarizable electrode to the electrolyte solution holding portion occurs, and the drug ions in the first ion exchange membrane are By being replaced with the first electrolytic ions from the electrolytic solution holding part, it is possible to shift to the living body.

  As described above, the energization from the polarizable electrode to the electrolyte solution holding part is caused by the transition of the second electrolytic ions to the polarizable electrode, so that the generation of gas and undesirable ions during energization can be suppressed.

  In the second aspect, the second ion exchange membrane of the second conductivity type is further disposed between the polarizable electrode and the electrolyte solution holding part, thereby blocking the transfer of drug ions to the polarizable electrode. It is possible to prevent alteration of drug ions in

  In this case, the second ion exchange membrane is preferably joined integrally with the polarizable electrode, whereby the same effect as described above for the invention of claim 18 can be achieved.

  Alternatively, by further disposing a second ion exchange membrane of the second conductivity type between the electrolyte solution holding part and the first ion exchange membrane, the transfer of drug ions to the polarizable electrode is blocked, It is possible to prevent alteration of drug ions.

  However, in this case, when the transport number of the second ion exchange membrane is 1, the first electrolytic ions cannot move to the first ion exchange membrane and replace the drug ions. As the second ion exchange membrane, one having a low transport number (for example, a transport number of 0.7 to 0.95) is used, but the second ion exchange membrane having such a low transport number was used. Even in this case, the migration of drug ions to the electrolyte solution holding part can be sufficiently suppressed.

  Here, the transport number refers to an electrolyte solution held in the electrolyte solution holding part and a drug solution containing drug ions and drug counter ions at appropriate concentrations (for example, dope of drug ions to the first ion exchange membrane). Of the total charge carried through the second ion exchange membrane when a voltage of the first conductivity type is applied to the electrolyte side in a state where the second ion exchange membrane is arranged between the used chemical solution) Defined as the proportion of charge carried by ions passing through the second ion exchange membrane.

Further, the present invention is an iontophoresis device comprising a working electrode structure for holding drug ions and a non-working electrode structure as a counter electrode of the working electrode structure,
The non-working side electrode structure is a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a capacitance per unit volume of 1 F / g or more, a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more, or activated carbon;
An iontophoresis device comprising a third ion exchange membrane disposed on the front side of the polarizable electrode may be provided (claims 21 to 23).

  The conductivity type of the drug ion in claims 21 to 23 may be either plus or minus, but for convenience of explanation, in the following description of claims 21 to 23, the conductivity type of drug ion is the first conductivity type. It expresses. In addition, the working side electrode structure in Claims 21-23 does not necessarily need to have a polarizable electrode prescribed | regulated in Claims 1-20. Further, the drug ions in the working electrode structure may be held in the state of a chemical solution or may be doped in the ion exchange membrane.

  As the third ion exchange membrane in the inventions of claims 21 to 23, any of the first and second conductivity type ion exchange membranes can be used.

  When the first conductivity type ion exchange membrane is used as the third ion exchange membrane, the first conductivity type voltage is applied to the working electrode structure to administer drug ions to the living body, while the non-working side electrode In the structure, a voltage of the second conductivity type is applied to the polarizable electrode with the third ion exchange membrane in contact with the living body skin.

  In this case, energization from the polarizable electrode to the third ion exchange membrane is performed by the first conductivity type ions bonded to the ion exchange group of the third ion exchange membrane or the first conductivity type ions from the living body. Is generated and trapped by moving to a polarizable electrode to form an electric double layer. In addition, when the electrolyte is held in the polarizable electrode, the energization from the polarizable electrode to the third ion exchange membrane is mainly of the first conductivity type in the electrolyte held in the polarizable electrode. The ions are transferred to the polarizable electrode and trapped to form an electric double layer. Therefore, generation of gas and undesirable ions in the non-working side electrode structure during energization can be suppressed.

  When the second conductivity type ion exchange membrane is used as the third ion exchange membrane, the second conductivity type ions are trapped in advance in the polarizable electrode of the non-working side electrode structure, and then the working side electrode structure is used. The first conductivity type voltage is applied to the body, and the second conductivity type voltage is applied to the non-working side electrode structure to administer drug ions to the living body.

  In this case, energization from the polarizable electrode to the third ion exchange membrane in the non-working side electrode structure is caused by the release of ions of the second conductivity type trapped in the polarizable electrode and transfer to the third ion exchange membrane. Caused by. Therefore, generation of gas and undesirable ions in the non-working side electrode structure during energization can be suppressed.

  The trapping of the second conductivity type ion on the polarizable electrode is performed by applying a voltage of the first conductivity type to the polarizable electrode of the non-working side electrode structure with the third ion exchange membrane immersed in an appropriate electrolyte. It can be performed by energizing in the state.

  Alternatively, it is possible to use a second conductivity type ion exchange membrane as the third ion exchange membrane and hold the electrolyte solution in the polarizable electrode. In this case, the electrolyte solution held in the polarizable electrode The ions of the first conductivity type are trapped by the polarizable electrode to form an electric double layer, whereby the electrolyte solution is energized from the polarizable electrode, and the second in the electrolyte solution held by the polarizable electrode. The conduction type ions are transferred to the living body through the third ion exchange membrane, thereby energizing the living body.

  The non-working side electrode structure according to any one of claims 21 to 23 includes a polarizable electrode and a third ion, regardless of whether the ion exchange membrane of the first or second conductivity type is used as the third ion exchange membrane. It is possible to have a very simple configuration consisting only of an exchange membrane, and it is possible to have a configuration without a wet member such as an electrolyte solution holding unit. Therefore, it is possible to facilitate the assembly operation of the non-working side electrode structure, and it is possible to facilitate manufacturing automation and mass production, or to reduce manufacturing costs.

  Instead of including the third ion exchange membrane according to claims 21 to 23, the non-working side electrode structure may include an electrolyte solution holding unit that holds an electrolyte solution that contacts the polarizable electrode. is there.

  In this case, the first conductivity type voltage is applied to the working electrode structure to administer drug ions to the living body, while in the non-working electrode structure, the electrolytic solution holding part is brought into contact with the living skin. In this state, a voltage of the second conductivity type is applied to the polarizable electrode, and energization from the polarizable electrode to the electrolytic solution holding unit is trapped by the first electrolytic ions of the electrolytic solution holding unit moving to the polarizable electrode, This is caused by forming an electric double layer. Therefore, generation of gas and undesirable ions in the non-working side electrode structure during energization can be suppressed.

  The “drug” in the present specification has a certain medicinal effect or pharmacological action regardless of whether it is prepared or not, and treats, recovers or prevents a disease, promotes or maintains health, diagnoses a medical condition or health condition, etc. Or a substance administered to a living body for the purpose of promoting or maintaining beauty.

  As used herein, “drug ion” refers to an ion generated by ion dissociation of a drug and is responsible for medicinal effect or pharmacological action, and “drug counterion” refers to a counterion of a drug ion. The dissociation of the drug into drug ions may be caused by dissolving the drug in a solvent such as water, alcohols, acids, alkalis, etc., and further occurs by applying a voltage or adding an ionizing agent. It may be a thing.

  The “medical solution” in the present specification refers to a fluid containing drug ions, and not only a solution in which the drug is dissolved in a solvent or a liquid state such as a stock solution when the drug is in a liquid state, but also at least a part of the drug. As long as is dissociated into drug ions, it includes those in various states such as those in which the drug is suspended or emulsified in a solvent or the like, and those that have been adjusted into an ointment or paste.

  “Skin” in the present specification means a surface of a living body on which drug ions can be administered by iontophoresis, and includes, for example, the oral mucosa. “Biological body” includes humans and animals.

  The “front side” in the present specification means the side close to the living skin on the path of the current flowing through the device upon administration of drug ions.

  In this specification, “first conductivity type” means positive or negative electric polarity, and “second conductivity type” means a conductivity type (minus or plus) opposite to the first conductivity type.

  The first electrolytic ions and the second electrolytic ions contained in the electrolytic solution of the electrolytic solution holding part of the present invention are not necessarily a single type, and either one or both of them may be a plurality of types. Similarly, the drug ions contained in the drug solution holding part or the drug ions doped into the ion exchange membrane do not necessarily need to be a single type, and may be a plurality of types.

  In addition to the ion exchange resin formed into a membrane, the ion exchange membrane includes a heterogeneous ion exchange membrane obtained by dispersing the ion exchange resin in a binder polymer and forming it by heat molding or the like. A composition comprising a monomer capable of introducing an exchange group, a crosslinkable monomer, a polymerization initiator, or a resin having a functional group capable of introducing an ion exchange group dissolved in a solvent is used as a cloth or a mesh. Alternatively, various materials such as a homogeneous ion exchange membrane obtained by impregnating and filling a substrate such as a porous film and carrying out an ion exchange group introduction treatment after polymerization or solvent removal are known. Any of these ion exchange membranes can be used for the ion exchange membrane of the present invention, and among these, an ion exchange membrane of a type in which an ion exchange resin is filled in the pores of the porous film is particularly preferably used. .

  More specifically, as the cation exchange membrane, an ion exchange membrane introduced with a cation exchange group such as Neocepta CM-1, CM-2, CMX, CMS, CMB manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation can be used. As the membrane, for example, an ion exchange membrane into which anion exchange groups such as Neocepta AM-1, AM-3, AMX, AHA, ACH, ACS and the like manufactured by Tokuyama Corporation can be used.

  The “first conductivity type ion exchange membrane” in the present specification means an ion exchange membrane having a function of selectively passing ions of the first conductivity type. That is, when the first conductivity type is positive, the “first conductivity type ion exchange membrane” is a cation exchange membrane, and when the first conductivity type is negative, the “first conductivity type ion exchange membrane”. "Is an anion exchange membrane.

  Similarly, the “second conductivity type ion exchange membrane” means an ion exchange membrane having a function of selectively passing ions of the second conductivity type. That is, when the second conductivity type is positive, the “second conductivity type ion exchange membrane” is a cation exchange membrane, and when the second conductivity type is negative, the “second conductivity type ion exchange membrane”. "Is an anion exchange membrane.

  Examples of the cation exchange group introduced into the cation exchange membrane include a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, and a phosphonic acid group. By using a sulfonic acid group that is a strongly acidic group, the transport number is high. It is possible to control the transport number of the ion exchange membrane depending on the type of cation exchange group to be introduced, such as being able to obtain a cation exchange membrane.

  Examples of the anion exchange group introduced into the anion exchange membrane include a primary to tertiary amino group, a quaternary ammonium group, a pyridyl group, an imidazole group, a quaternary pyridinium group, and a quaternary imidazolium group. By using a quaternary ammonium group or quaternary pyridinium group that is a basic group, an anion exchange membrane having a high transport number can be obtained. It is possible to control.

  Various methods such as sulfonation, chlorosulfonation, phosphoniumation, and hydrolysis can be used as the cation exchange group introduction treatment, and various methods such as amination and alkylation can be used as the anion exchange group introduction treatment. However, it is possible to adjust the transport number of the ion exchange membrane by adjusting the conditions of the ion exchange group introduction treatment.

  Also, the transport number of the ion exchange membrane can be adjusted by the amount of ion exchange resin in the ion exchange membrane, the pore size of the membrane, and the like. For example, in the case of an ion exchange membrane of a type in which a porous film is filled with an ion exchange resin, 0.005 to 5.0 μm, more preferably 0.01 to 2.0 μm, and most preferably 0.00. A large number of small pores having an average pore size of 02 to 0.2 μm (average flow pore size measured in accordance with the bubble point method (JIS K3832-1990)) is 20 to 95%, more preferably 30 to 90%, most Preferably, a porous film having a film thickness of 5 to 140 μm, more preferably 10 to 120 μm, most preferably 15 to 55 μm formed with a porosity of 30 to 60% is used, and more preferably 5 to 95% by mass. Can use an ion exchange membrane filled with an ion exchange resin at a filling rate of 10 to 90% by mass, particularly preferably 20 to 60% by mass. The transport number of the ion exchange membrane can also be adjusted by the average pore diameter, porosity, and filling rate of the ion exchange resin.

  In the present specification, “blocking of the passage of ions” described for the ion exchange membrane of the first conductivity type or the second conductivity type does not necessarily mean that no ions are allowed to pass. Even when ions pass through, the degree of the drug ions is so small that even if the device is stored for a practically sufficient period of time, the drug ions do not deteriorate near the electrode when energized. Examples include cases where the passage of biological counter ions is suppressed to such an extent that the passage is suppressed or the administration efficiency of the drug can be sufficiently increased.

  Similarly, “allowing the passage of ions” described in the present specification for the ion-exchange membrane of the first conductivity type or the second conductivity type does not mean that there is no restriction on the passage of ions, Even when the passage of ions is restricted to some extent, it includes a case where the ions are passed at a sufficiently high speed or amount as compared with ions of the opposite conductivity type.

  The “blocking of ion passage” and “allowing passage of ions” described for the semipermeable membrane in the present specification are the same as described above, and do not allow any ions to pass through or cause any restriction on the passage of ions. It doesn't mean that.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a schematic configuration of an iontophoresis device X according to the present invention.

  In the following, for convenience of explanation, an iontophoresis device for administering a drug (for example, lidocaine hydrochloride or morphine hydrochloride) whose medicinal component dissociates into positive drug ions will be described as an example. In the case of an iontophoresis device for administering a drug that dissociates into negative drug ions (for example, ascorbic acid, etc.), ions doped in each ion exchange membrane, polarizable electrode, and cation exchange membrane in the following description By reversing the conductivity type of the voltage applied to the electrodes, an iontophoresis device that can achieve substantially the same effect as the following embodiments can be configured.

  As shown in the drawing, the iontophoresis device X is connected by a power supply 30, a working electrode structure 10 connected to the positive electrode of the power supply 30 and the power supply line 31, and a negative electrode of the power supply 30 and the power supply line 32. The non-working side electrode structure 20 is configured.

  The working-side electrode structure 10 and the non-working-side electrode structure 20 are containers 16 and 26 including upper walls 16u and 26u and outer peripheral walls 16s and 26s, and can accommodate various structures described below. A space is formed and the containers 16 and 26 are provided with the lower surfaces 16b and 26b open.

  The containers 16 and 26 can be made of any material such as plastic, but preferably can prevent evaporation of moisture from the inside and intrusion of foreign matter from the outside, and follow the movement of the living body and unevenness of the skin. Made of flexible material that can. In addition, a removable liner made of an appropriate material for preventing evaporation of moisture and mixing of foreign matters during storage of the iontophoresis device X can be attached to the lower surfaces 16b and 26b of the containers 16 and 26. A pressure-sensitive adhesive layer can be provided on the lower end portions 16e and 26e of the outer peripheral walls 16s and 26s in order to enhance adhesion to the skin during drug administration.

  For example, there are wet members (high water content members) such as a chemical solution holding unit and an electrolyte solution holding unit, such as working electrode structures 10H and 10I and non-working side electrode structures 20A to 20C described later. If not, the containers 16 and 26 are not necessarily provided.

The power source 30, battery, voltage regulator, a constant current device, may be used, such as constant current, constant voltage device, 0.01~1.0mA / cm ^2, preferably, from 0.01 to 0. It is preferable to use a constant current device that can adjust the current in the range of 5 mA / cm ² and operates under a safe voltage condition of 50 V or less, preferably 30 V or less.

  2A to 2D are cross-sectional explanatory views showing configurations of working side electrode structures 10A to 10D that can be used as the working side electrode structure 10 of the iontophoresis device X described above.

10 A of working side electrode structures have the electrode member 11 which consists of the electroconductive collector 11a connected to the feeder 31, and the polarizable electrode 11b arrange | positioned at the front side of the collector 11a. The polarizable electrode 11b includes a conductor having a capacitance per unit volume of 1 F / g or more, a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more, or activated carbon, for example, a plate-shaped member. Can be used.

As a preferable configuration of the polarizable electrode 11b, a composition obtained by molding a composition in which 5 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene with 95 parts by weight of activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of about 100 m ² / g is formed into a film shape is exemplified. it can.

More preferably, the polarizable electrode 11b can be composed of activated carbon fibers or activated carbon fibers impregnated with a binder polymer. In this case, the activated carbon fibers have an extremely high specific surface area (for example, 1000 to 2500 m ² / g). Activated carbon fibers obtained by carbonizing and activating novoloid fibers having high tensile strength (for example, 300 to 400 N / mm ² ) and excellent in flexibility can be particularly preferably used. The activated carbon fiber obtained by carbonizing and activating the novoloid fiber can be obtained from Nippon Kainol Co., Ltd. under the trade name “Kinol activated carbon fiber”, for example.

  The polarizable electrode 11b in the working-side electrode structure 10A can be impregnated and held with an electrolytic solution, and particularly preferably holds a chemical solution having the same composition as a chemical solution held in a chemical solution holding unit 14 described later. Can do.

  The current collector 11a and the polarizable electrode 11b can be laminated and integrated by a technique such as thermocompression bonding or adhesion using a conductive adhesive.

  The thickness of the polarizable electrode 11b can be about 10 μm to 20 mm, and preferably about 20 μm to 2 mm.

  Moreover, 10 A of working side electrode structures are equipped with the chemical | medical solution holding | maintenance part 14 holding the chemical | medical solution which contacts the polarizable electrode 11b. The drug solution is a drug solution in which the medicinal component dissociates into positive drug ions. The chemical solution holding unit 14 can hold the chemical solution in a liquid state, or can be held by impregnating an appropriate absorbent carrier such as gauze, filter paper, or gel.

  In the working electrode structure 10A, by applying a positive voltage to the current collector 11a with the drug solution holding unit 14 in contact with the living body skin, the drug ions in the drug solution holding unit 14 are administered to the living body. In this case, the energization from the polarizable electrode 11b to the chemical solution holding unit 14 occurs when negative ions in the chemical solution are trapped in the polarizable electrode 11b and form an electric double layer (the electrolyte solution is held in the polarizable electrode 11b). In the case where the negative electrode is trapped in the polarizable electrode 11b, the polarizable electrode 11b is energized). Accordingly, generation of oxygen gas and chlorine gas by energization, generation of hydrogen ions and hypochlorous acid are suppressed.

  The working electrode structure 10 </ b> B includes the electrode member 11 and the chemical solution holding unit 14 similar to those of the working electrode structure 10 </ b> A, and further includes a cation exchange membrane 15 on the front side of the chemical solution holding unit 14.

  In the working electrode structure 10B, in addition to achieving the same effect as the working electrode structure 10A with respect to the generation of gas during energization and the suppression of undesired ions, the biological counter-ion chemical solution holding unit 14 is achieved. Since the transition to is blocked by the cation exchange membrane 15, an additional effect of increasing the drug ion administration efficiency is achieved.

  The working electrode structure 10 </ b> C includes an electrode member 11 and a chemical solution holding unit 14 similar to those of the working electrode structure 10 </ b> A, and an anion exchange membrane 13 between the polarizable electrode 11 b and the chemical solution holding unit 14.

  In the working-side electrode structure 10C, the energization from the polarizable electrode 11b to the chemical solution holding unit 14 is trapped by the negative ions in the chemical solution holding unit 14 being transferred to the polarizable electrode 11b through the anion exchange membrane 13 and trapped. (In the case where the electrolyte is held in the polarizable electrode 11b, in addition to the above, the negative electrode in the electrolyte is also trapped in the polarizable electrode 11b. Is energized.) Accordingly, the same effects as those of the working electrode structure 10A are achieved with respect to the suppression of the generation of gas during energization and the generation of undesirable ions.

  Furthermore, in the working electrode structure 10C, the migration of the drug ions in the drug solution holding unit 14 to the polarizable electrode 11b side is blocked by the anion exchange membrane 13, so that the drug can be prevented from being decomposed or altered during energization. Effects are achieved.

  The working electrode structure 10D includes the electrode member 11 and the chemical solution holding unit 14 similar to those of the working electrode structure 10A, and includes the anion exchange membrane 13 between the polarizable electrode 11b and the chemical solution holding unit 14, and holds the chemical solution. A cation exchange membrane 15 is provided on the front side of the portion 14.

  In the working side electrode structure 10D, in addition to achieving the same effect as the working side electrode structure 10A regarding the suppression of the generation of gas during energization and the generation of undesirable ions, the working side electrode structures 10B and 10C. In the same manner, the additional effects of preventing the degradation and alteration of the drug during energization and increasing the drug administration efficiency are achieved.

  In the working electrode structures 10C and 10D, the polarizable electrode 11 and the anion exchange membrane 13 can be joined and integrated by a technique such as thermocompression bonding. As a result, the working state of the working electrode structures 10C and 10D can be facilitated.

  3 (A) to 3 (C) are cross-sectional explanatory views showing configurations of working side electrode structures 10E to 10G of other modes that can be used as the working side electrode structure 10 of the iontophoresis device X. It is.

  The working electrode structure 10E includes an electrode member 11 similar to the working electrode structure 10A, an electrolytic solution holding part 12 that holds an electrolytic solution that contacts the polarizable electrode 11b, and a front side of the electrolytic solution holding part 12. And a cation exchange membrane 15 doped with positive drug ions.

  In this working electrode structure 10E, by applying a positive voltage to the current collector 11a in a state where the cation exchange membrane 15 is in contact with the living body skin, drug ions doped in the cation exchange membrane 15 are administered to the living body. Is done.

  In this case, the energization from the polarizable electrode 11b to the electrolytic solution holding part 12 occurs when negative ions in the electrolytic solution are transferred to the polarizable electrode 11b and trapped to form an electric double layer. Accordingly, generation of oxygen gas and chlorine gas by energization, generation of hydrogen ions and hypochlorous acid are suppressed.

  Energization from the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 to the cation exchange membrane 15 occurs when positive ions in the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 migrate to the cation exchange membrane 15, and these positive ions are replaced with drug ions that have migrated to the living body. Then, it binds to the ion exchange group in the cation exchange membrane 15.

  In the working electrode structure 10E, since the cation exchange membrane 15 blocks the transfer of biological counter ions to the electrolyte solution holding unit 12, the drug can be administered with high efficiency.

  The electrolytic solution holder 12 of the working electrode structure 10E may hold the electrolytic solution in a liquid state, or may be held by impregnating an absorbent carrier such as gauze, filter paper, or gel.

  When the positive ions in the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 have a higher mobility than the drug ions, the transfer of the positive ions to the living body occurs preferentially, and the administration efficiency of the drug may decrease. The electrolyte solution in the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 preferably has a composition that does not contain positive ions having a mobility comparable to or higher than that of drug ions.

  Doping of the cation exchange membrane 15 with drug ions can be performed by immersing the cation exchange membrane 15 in a chemical solution containing drug ions of an appropriate concentration. The dope amount of the drug ion at this time can be adjusted by the concentration of the drug ion in the drug solution, the immersion time, the number of immersions, and the like.

  The working electrode structure 10F includes an electrode member 11, an electrolyte solution holding unit 12, and a cation exchange membrane 15 similar to those of the working electrode structure 10E, and further an anion between the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 and the cation exchange membrane 15. An exchange membrane 13 is provided.

  In the working side electrode structure 10F, in addition to achieving the same effect as that of the working side electrode structure 10E with respect to the generation of gas during energization and the suppression of undesirable ions, the cation exchange membrane 15 was doped. Since the migration of drug ions to the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 is blocked by the anion exchange membrane 13, an additional effect is achieved in that the drug is prevented from being altered in the vicinity of the polarizable electrode 11b during energization.

  In the working electrode structure 10F, in order to energize the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 to the cation exchange membrane 15, positive ions in the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 pass through the anion exchange membrane 13 and migrate to the cation exchange membrane 15. It is necessary to. Therefore, an anion exchange membrane having a low transport number is used for the anion exchange membrane 13.

  Depending on the energization conditions and the like, water may be electrolyzed at the interface between the anion exchange membrane 13 and the cation exchange membrane 15. Therefore, in order to prevent this, electrolysis is performed between the anion exchange membrane 13 and the cation exchange membrane 15. It is preferable to further arrange a semipermeable membrane that can allow passage of positive ions in the liquid holding unit 12.

  The interface between the anion exchange membrane 13 and the cation exchange membrane 15 or each interface of the anion exchange membrane 13 / semipermeable membrane / cation exchange membrane 15 can be joined by a technique such as thermocompression bonding. It is possible to improve the conductivity and handleability of the.

  The anion exchange membrane 13 in the working electrode structure 10F allows the passage of positive ions through the electrolyte solution holding unit 12, while replacing the semipermeable membrane with a molecular weight fractionation characteristic that blocks the passage of drug ions. The same effect can be achieved.

  The working electrode structure 10G includes an electrode member 11, an electrolyte solution holding portion 12, and a cation exchange membrane 15 similar to those of the working electrode structure 10E, and further includes an anion between the polarizable electrode 11 and the electrolyte solution holding portion 12. An exchange membrane 13 is provided.

  In this working side electrode structure 10G, energization from the polarizable electrode 11b to the electrolytic solution holding part 12 is trapped by transferring negative ions of the electrolytic solution holding part 12 to the polarizable electrode 11b through the anion exchange membrane 13, This is caused by forming an electric double layer. Therefore, the same effects as those of the working electrode structure 10E can be achieved with respect to the suppression of the generation of gas during energization and the generation of undesirable ions.

  Energization from the electrolyte solution holding unit 12 to the cation exchange membrane 15 occurs in the same manner as in the working electrode structure 10E. In addition, since the migration of drug ions doped in the cation exchange membrane 15 to the polarizable electrode 11 is blocked by the anion exchange membrane 13, an additional effect of preventing the decomposition and alteration of the drug during energization is achieved. Is done.

  4 (A) and 4 (B) are cross-sectional explanations showing configurations of working electrode structures 10H and 10I of still another embodiment that can be used as the working electrode structure 10 of the iontophoresis device X. FIG.

  The working electrode structure 10H is composed of the same electrode member 11 as the working electrode structure 10A.

  In the working electrode structure 10H, the drug is administered after the treatment of trapping drug ions in the polarizable electrode 11b in advance.

  This treatment can be performed by applying a negative voltage to the current collector 11a in a state where the polarizable electrode 11b is immersed in a chemical solution containing drug ions of an appropriate concentration.

  The positive electrode 11b is doped by applying a positive voltage to the current collector 11a in a state where the polarizable electrode 11b is in contact with the living body skin using the working electrode structure 10H that has been subjected to the above processing. Drug ions are administered to the living body.

  In this case, the energization from the polarizable electrode 11b to the living skin is caused by the release of the drug ions trapped on the polarizable electrode 11b and the transfer to the living skin. Therefore, the generation of oxygen gas and chlorine gas by energization, hydrogen Production of ions and hypochlorous acid is suppressed.

  In the working electrode structure 10H, it is possible to use the polarizable electrode 11b impregnated with a chemical solution. In this case, the process of trapping positive ions in the polarizable electrode 11b is unnecessary. That is, in this case, negative ions in the drug solution are trapped by the polarizable electrode 11b, and the drug ions in the drug solution are transferred to the living body, thereby energizing the polar skin 11b to the living skin. Also in this case, generation of oxygen gas and chlorine gas by energization, generation of hydrogen ions and hypochlorous acid are suppressed.

  As shown in the drawing, the working electrode structure 10H has a very simple structure including only the current collector 11a and the polarizable electrode 11b, and automation and mass production of the working electrode structure 10H are extremely easy. In addition, the manufacturing cost can be significantly reduced.

  The working electrode structure 10I includes an electrode member 11 similar to the working electrode structure 10A, and a cation exchange membrane 15 disposed in contact with the front side of the polarizable electrode 11b.

  In this working side electrode structure 10I, the cation exchange membrane 15 is doped with drug ions in advance, and the drug is administered after the treatment of trapping positive ions into the polarizable electrode 11b.

  This treatment can be performed by applying a negative voltage to the current collector 11a and energizing it with the cation exchange membrane 15 immersed in a chemical solution containing drug ions of an appropriate concentration. Prior to this treatment, the cation exchange membrane 15 can be doped with drug ions in the same manner as described above for the working electrode structure 10E.

  Using the working electrode structure 10I that has been subjected to the above treatment, a positive voltage is applied to the current collector 11a while the cation exchange membrane 15 is in contact with the living body skin, so that the cation exchange membrane 15 is doped. Drug ions are administered to the living body.

  In this case, energization from the polarizable electrode 11b to the cation exchange membrane 15 occurs when positive ions trapped on the polarizable electrode 11b are released and migrate to the cation exchange membrane 15, so that oxygen gas or chlorine gas due to energization is generated. Generation of hydrogen ions and hypochlorous acid are suppressed. The positive ions transferred from the polarizable electrode 11b to the cation exchange membrane 15 are bonded to the ion exchange groups of the cation exchange membrane 15 by substituting the drug ions transferred to the living body.

  In the working electrode structure 10I, it is also possible to use the polarizable electrode 11b impregnated with an electrolytic solution or a chemical solution. In this case, the process of trapping positive ions in the polarizable electrode 11b becomes unnecessary. That is, in this case, negative ions in the electrolytic solution or the chemical solution are trapped by the polarizable electrode 11b, and positive ions in the electrolytic solution or the chemical solution are transferred to the ion exchange membrane 15, so that the ion exchange membrane from the polarizable electrode 11b. 15 is energized. Also in this case, generation of oxygen gas and chlorine gas by energization, generation of hydrogen ions and hypochlorous acid are suppressed.

  As illustrated, the working electrode structure 10I has a very simple structure including the current collector 11a, the polarizable electrode 11b, and the cation exchange membrane 15, and a wet member is used for assembling the working electrode structure 10I. There is no need to handle. Therefore, automation and mass production of the working electrode structure 10I are extremely easy, and the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced.

  The polarizable electrode 11b and the cation exchange membrane 15 can be joined and integrated by a technique such as thermocompression bonding to improve the electrical conductivity and handling between them.

  FIGS. 5A to 5D are cross-sectional explanatory views showing configurations of non-working side electrode structures 20A to 20D that can be used as the non-working side electrode structure 20 of the iontophoresis device X. FIG. .

  The non-working-side electrode structure 20A has an electrode member 21 including a conductive current collector 21a connected to the feeder line 32 and a polarizable electrode 21b formed on the current collector 21a. . This polarizable electrode 21b has substantially the same configuration as the polarizable electrode 11b of the working electrode structure 10A.

That is, the polarizable electrode 21b includes a conductor having a capacitance per unit volume of 1 F / g or more, a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more, or activated carbon, for example, a plate-shaped member. Can be configured.

As a preferable configuration of the polarizable electrode 21b, a composition in which a composition in which 5 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene is blended with 95 parts by weight of activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of about 100 m ² / g is formed into a film is exemplified. In particular, the configuration of the polarizable electrode 21b is preferably an activated carbon fiber obtained by carbonizing and activating a novoloid fiber.

  The polarizable electrode 21b can be impregnated with an electrolytic solution.

  In the non-working side electrode structure 20A, by applying a negative voltage to the current collector 21a in a state where the polarizable electrode 21b is in contact with the living body, it is added from the electrolyte held in the living body skin or the polarizable electrode 21b. Ions are transferred to the polarizable electrode 21b and trapped, and electricity is generated by forming an electric double layer. Accordingly, generation of hydrogen gas and generation of hydroxyl ions during energization are suppressed.

  In addition, if negative ions are trapped in the polarizable electrode 21b in advance, the negative ions move to the living body, and energization occurs. In this case as well, hydrogen gas generation and hydroxyl ion generation during energization are performed in the same manner as described above. Generation is suppressed.

  Since the non-working side electrode structure 20A has a very simple structure including only the current collector 21a and the polarizable electrode 21b, the working side electrode structure 20A is extremely easy to automate and mass produce. The manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the non-working side electrode structure 20A has the same configuration as the working side electrode structure 10H, the non-working side electrode structure 20A and the working side electrode structure 10H should be manufactured by the same process. Is possible. Therefore, the iontophoresis device including the non-working side electrode structure 20A and the working side electrode structure 10H further greatly simplifies the manufacturing process, facilitates manufacturing automation and mass production, and reduces the manufacturing cost. Can be greatly reduced.

  The non-working side electrode structure 20B includes an electrode member 21 similar to the non-working side electrode structure 20A, and a cation exchange membrane 25C disposed in contact with the polarizable electrode 21b.

  In the non-working side electrode structure 20B, a negative voltage is applied to the current collector 21a in a state where the cation exchange membrane 25C is in contact with the living body, so that it is added from the electrolyte held in the living skin or the polarizable electrode 21b. Ions are transferred to the polarizable electrode 21b through the cation exchange membrane 25C and trapped, and an electric current is generated by forming an electric double layer. Therefore, the generation of hydrogen gas and the generation of hydroxyl ions during the current supply are suppressed.

  The non-working side electrode structure 20B is a very simple structure including the current collector 21a, the polarizable electrode 21b, and the cation exchange membrane 25C, and has no wet member. Automation and mass production are extremely easy, and manufacturing costs can be greatly reduced. In addition, since the non-working side electrode structure 20B has the same configuration as the working side electrode structure 10I, the non-working side electrode structure 20B and the working side electrode structure 10I must be manufactured by the same process. Is possible. Accordingly, the iontophoresis device including the non-working side electrode structure 20B and the working side electrode structure 10I further simplifies the manufacturing process, facilitates manufacturing automation and mass production, and reduces the manufacturing cost. Can be greatly reduced.

  The non-working side electrode structure 20C includes an electrode member 21 similar to the non-working side electrode structure 20A, and also includes an anion exchange membrane 25A arranged in contact with the polarizable electrode 21b.

  In the non-working-side electrode structure 20C, energization for drug administration is performed after a process of trapping negative ions in the polarizable electrode 21b in advance.

  The treatment for the trap can be performed by applying a positive voltage to the polarizable electrode 21 and energizing it with the anion exchange membrane 25A immersed in an appropriate electrolyte.

  When administering the drug, a negative voltage is applied to the polarizable electrode 21 in a state where the anion exchange membrane 25A of the non-working side electrode structure 20B subjected to the above treatment is in contact with the living body skin.

  In this case, the energization from the polarizable electrode 21 to the living body skin is caused by the release of the negative ions trapped by the polarizable electrode 21b and the transition to the living body skin, so that the generation of hydrogen gas and the generation of hydroxyl ions are suppressed. Is done.

  Since the non-working side electrode structure 20C is a structure that is simple and does not have a wet member, like the non-working side electrode structure 20B, automation of manufacturing and mass production are easy, and the manufacturing cost is greatly increased. Reduction is possible.

  The non-working-side electrode structure 20D includes the electrode member 21 similar to the non-working-side electrode structure 20A, and includes an electrolyte solution holding unit 22 and an electrolyte solution holding unit 22 that hold the electrolyte solution that contacts the polarizable electrode 21b. An anion exchange membrane 25A is provided on the front side.

  In the non-working side electrode structure 20D, when a negative voltage is applied to the current collector 21a in a state where the anion exchange membrane 25A is in contact with the living body, the positive ions in the electrolyte solution holding portion 22 move to the polarizable electrode 21b. Since energization occurs by being trapped by activated carbon and forming an electric double layer, generation of hydrogen gas and generation of hydroxyl ions during energization are suppressed.

  Between the electrolyte solution holding part 22 and the living body skin, electricity is generated mainly by the negative ions of the electrolyte solution holding part 22 moving to the living body via the anion exchange membrane 25A.

  In the non-working side electrode structure 20D, the same effect as described above is achieved even if the anion exchange membrane 25A is omitted.

  FIG. 6A is a plan view of an electrode member 40 particularly preferably used as the electrode member 11 of the working side electrode structures 10A to 10I or the electrode member 21 of the non-working side electrode structures 20A to 20D. 6 (B) shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA.

  In the figure, reference numeral 41 denotes a current collector made of carbon fiber, and a polarizable electrode 42 is formed on one surface of the current collector 41.

The polarizable electrode 42 may be composed of a conductor having a capacitance per unit volume of 1 F / g or more, a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more, or a plate-like member containing activated carbon. Is possible.

As a preferable configuration of the polarizable electrode 42, a composition obtained by molding a composition in which 5 parts by weight of polytetrafluoroethylene is blended with 95 parts by weight of activated carbon powder having a specific surface area of about 100 m ² / g is illustrated. As a particularly preferable configuration of the polarizable electrode 42, an activated carbon fiber obtained by carbonizing and activating a novoloid fiber can be exemplified.

  A terminal member 43 including a male fitting part 43a, a body part 43b, and a joint part 43c is attached to the opposite surface of the current collector 41.

  The terminal member 43 is formed of carbon such as short fiber obtained by cutting graphite, graphite, carbon black, glassy carbon fine powder, or carbon fiber in a polymer matrix such as silicon rubber in a mold disposed on the current collector 41. The composition containing the filler is hardened by heat vulcanization, and the current collector 41 is solidified in a state in which the composition is impregnated in the carbon fibers constituting the current collector 41. The terminal member 43 is integrated at the joint 43c.

  Since the carbon fiber has high conductivity and flexibility, the electrode member 40 can be energized with a uniform current density from the polarizable electrode 42 and can follow the movement of the living body and unevenness of the skin. The working electrode structures 10A to 10I and the non-working electrode structures 20A to 20D can be realized.

  The connection from the power source 30 to the power supply lines 31 and 32 can be performed using a connector having a female fitting portion that fits into the male fitting portion 43a. Even if a metal material is used for the part, the male fitting part 43a is separated from the current collector 41 by the body part 43b, so that the metal of the connector elutes and moves to the living body. Is prevented.

  The attachment method of the terminal member 43 to the current collector 41 is arbitrary. For example, as shown in FIG. 6C, locking portions 43d and 43e are formed on the terminal member 43, and the current collector 41 is provided. It is also possible to perform attachment by inserting the locking portion 43e through the small hole.

  FIG. 7A is a plan view of an electrode member 50 of another embodiment that is particularly preferably used as the electrode member 11 of the working electrode structures 10A to 10I or the electrode member 21 of the non-working electrode structures 20A to 20D. FIG. 7B shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA.

  In the figure, reference numeral 51 denotes a current collector formed of carbon fiber having a circular conductive sheet portion 51a and an elongated extension portion 51b extending from the conductive sheet portion 51a. A polarizable electrode 52 similar to the polarizable electrode 42 is formed on one surface of the conductive sheet portion 51a.

  Like the electrode member 40, the electrode member 50 can be energized with a uniform current density from the polarizable electrode 52, and has a flexible working electrode that can follow the movement of the living body and the unevenness of the skin. The structures 10A to 10I and the non-working side electrode structures 20A to 20D can be realized.

  As shown in FIG. 7C, the electrode member 50 is used in combination with containers 16 and 26 in which openings 16h and 26h are formed in the outer peripheral walls 16s and 26s or the upper walls 16u and 26u, and the openings 16h and 26h. The extension portion 51b is pulled out from the container 16 and 26.

  The power supply 30 can be connected to the power supply lines 31 and 32 using a connector such as a hook clip attached to the tip of the power supply lines 31 and 32 in the extended portion 51b.

  Further, like the working electrode structures 10A to 10G and the non-working electrode structure 20D, an iontophoret in which members having a high water content such as the electrolyte solution holding units 12 and 22 and the chemical solution holding unit 14 are accommodated. In the case of a cis apparatus, by providing a water-repellent part 51c imparted with water repellency by impregnating an extension part 51b located in the openings 16h and 26h with a fluorine resin, a silicone resin, a silane resin or the like, Moisture leakage from the working electrode structure and the non-working electrode structure can be prevented, or when a metal member is used for the connector such as the above-mentioned mouth clip, metal ions eluted from the member Intrusion into the working side electrode structure and the non-working side electrode structure can be prevented.

  Even if the current collectors 41 and 51 of the electrode members 40 and 50 are formed of carbon fiber paper, the same effects as described above can be obtained. The carbon fibers or carbon fiber paper of the current collectors 41 and 51 can be made of silicon rubber. By impregnating with a soft polymer such as a thermoplastic polyurethane or the like, it is possible to prevent deterioration of the electrode quality due to the dropping of the carbon fiber and to improve the handleability of the electrode members 40 and 50.

  FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an electrode member 60 of still another embodiment that is particularly preferably used as the electrode member 11 of the working electrode structures 10A to 10I or the electrode member 21 of the non-working side electrode structures 20A to 20D. A plan view of the electrode member 60 is shown in (B), and a cross-sectional view taken along line AA is shown in (A).

  As shown in the drawing, the electrode member 60 includes a base 61 that serves as a support, a circular current collector 62 formed on the base 61, and a power supply line 63 that extends outward from the current collector 62. The circular polarizable electrode 64 is formed on the current collector 62.

  Here, the base body 61 is a thin film body typically made of a plastic material having a thickness dimension of about 0.02 to 0.2 mm, and a PET film is particularly preferably used because of its flexibility and low cost. Is done.

  The current collector 62 and the power supply line 63 are formed by applying a conductive paint containing conductive powder on the substrate 61, and have a conductive coating thickness of, for example, about 0.02 to 0.2 mm. It can consist of

  In this case, it is preferable to use a thermosetting type for the conductive paint, whereby a coating film excellent in chemical stability can be obtained. Further, as the conductive powder contained in the conductive paint, it is possible to use metal powder such as gold powder or copper powder, but it is particularly preferable to use carbon powder, and thus it is eluted from the current collector 62. It is possible to reduce or eliminate the concern that the metal ions migrate to the living body.

  The current collector 63 can be connected to a terminal of the power supply 30 with solder or a conductive adhesive at an extension end (not shown).

  The polarizable electrode 64 can have the same configuration as the polarizable electrode 42. In the illustrated example, the polarizable electrode 64 has a slightly smaller area than the current collector 62. However, the polarizable electrode 64 has the same area as the current collector 62, or It is possible to have a larger area.

  The polarizable electrode 64 can be bonded to the current collector 62 by using the conductive adhesive 65, and thereby the electrical conductivity from the current collector 62 to the polarizable electrode 64 can be improved.

  The electrode member 60 can be made of only an inexpensive and readily available material, and can be manufactured by a technique suitable for automation or mass production, such as punching or application of a conductive paint. It has the advantage that the cost reduction is easy.

  As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated based on some embodiment, this invention is not limited to these embodiment, A various change is possible within description of a claim.

  For example, the specific shapes and dimensions of the electrode structures and polarizable electrodes shown in the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited by the shapes and dimensions shown in the embodiments.

  In the above-described embodiment, the case where the current collector is used to realize energization with a more uniform current density from the polarizable electrode has been described. However, the current collector is not necessarily used. It is also possible to configure the electrode member only with polarizable electrodes.

  Moreover, it is possible to constitute the iontophoresis device of the present invention by combining any one or more of the working side electrode structures 10A to 10I and any one or more of the non-working side electrode structures 20A to 20D. However, any one or more of the working electrode structures 10A to 10I and the non-working electrode structures 120 and 210 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 are combined, or the non-working electrode structures 20A to 20D are combined. It is also possible to configure the iontophoresis device of the present invention by combining any one or more and the working electrode structures 110 and 210 shown in FIGS.

  Alternatively, any one of the working electrode structures 10A to 10I is used, but the non-working electrode structure is not provided in the iontophoresis device itself, for example, the working electrode structure is brought into contact with the living skin. It is also possible to administer a drug by applying a voltage to the working electrode structure in a state where a part of the living body is in contact with a member to be grounded. The basic effect of the present invention is achieved in that generation of oxygen gas, hydrogen gas, chlorine gas, etc. in the working electrode structure, or generation of hydrogen ions, hydroxyl ions, and hypochlorous acid is suppressed. Such an iontophoresis device is also included in the scope of the present invention.

  In the above embodiment, the case where the working electrode structure, the non-working electrode structure, and the power source are configured as separate bodies has been described. However, these elements are incorporated in a single casing, or It is also possible to improve the handleability by forming the entire apparatus incorporating the above in the form of a sheet or patch, and such an iontophoresis apparatus is also included in the scope of the present invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Explanatory drawing which shows schematic structure of the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(D) are sectional explanatory drawings which show the structure of the working side electrode structure of the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(C) are sectional explanatory drawings which show the structure of the working side electrode structure of the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (A), (B) is sectional explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the working side electrode structure of the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (A)-(D) are sectional explanatory drawings which show the structure of the working side electrode structure of the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is a top view of the electrode used for the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (B) is the AA sectional drawing. (C) is sectional drawing which shows the modification. (A) is a top view of the electrode of the other aspect used for the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (B) is the AA sectional drawing. (C) is sectional drawing which shows the state which accommodated this electrode in the container. (B) is a top view of the electrode of the other aspect used for the iontophoresis apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. (A) is the AA sectional drawing. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the conventional iontophoresis apparatus. Explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the other conventional iontophoresis apparatus.

Explanation of symbols

X Iontophoresis device 10, 10A-10I Working electrode structure 11 Electrode member 11a Current collector 11b Polarized electrode 12 Electrolyte holding part 13 Anion exchange membrane 14 Chemical liquid holding part 15 Cation exchange membrane 16 Containers 20, 20A ~ 20D Non-working side electrode structure 21 Electrode member 21a Current collector 21b Polarized electrode 22 Electrolyte holding part 25A Anion exchange membrane 25C Cation exchange membrane 30 Power supply 31, 32 Feed line 40 Electrode member 41 Current collector 42 Polarized electrode 43 Terminal member 43a Male fitting part 43b Body part 43c Joint part 43d, 43e Locking part 50 Electrode member 51 Current collector 51a Conductive sheet part 51b Extension part 51c Water repellent part 52 Polarized electrode 60 Electrode member 61 Base 62 Current collection Body 63 Feed line 64 Polarized electrode 65 Conductive adhesive 110, 210 Working electrode structure 120, 220 Side electrode structure 111,121,211,221 electrodes 212,122 electrolyte solution holding portion 213, 215 an ion exchange membrane 114, 214 drug solution holding portion 130 and 230 supply

Claims (23)

  An iontophoresis device comprising an electrode structure having a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a capacitance per unit weight of 1 F / g or more. An iontophoresis device comprising an electrode structure having a polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more.   An iontophoresis device comprising an electrode structure having a polarizable electrode containing activated carbon.   The iontophoresis device according to claim 3, wherein the activated carbon is activated carbon fiber.   5. The iontophoresis device according to claim 4, wherein the activated carbon fiber is obtained by carbonizing and activating a novoloid fiber.   The iontophoresis device according to claim 1, wherein an electrolyte is held on the polarizable electrode.   The iontophoresis device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a binder polymer is blended in the polarizable electrode.   8. The iontophoresis device according to claim 7, wherein the binder polymer is polytetrafluoroethylene or polyvinylidene fluoride. The electrode structure further comprises a current collector;
The iontophoresis device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the polarizable electrode is disposed on a front side of the current collector.   The iontophoresis device according to claim 9, wherein the current collector is formed of carbon fiber or carbon fiber paper. A binder polymer is blended in the polarizable electrode,
The iontophoresis device according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the current collector is impregnated with a part of the binder polymer.   The iontophoresis device according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein a terminal member made of a conductive resin in which carbon powder is mixed in a polymer matrix is attached to the current collector. .   The iontophoresis device according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the current collector includes a conductive sheet portion having a predetermined area and an extension portion formed integrally with the conductive sheet portion.   The iontophoresis device according to claim 9, wherein the current collector is a coating film of a conductive paint containing conductive powder.   The iontophoresis device according to claim 14, wherein the conductive powder is carbon powder.   The iontophoresis device according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the current collector and the polarizable electrode are bonded by a conductive adhesive.   The iontophoresis device according to any one of claims 14 to 16, wherein the current collector is formed on a plastic substrate.   The said electrode structure is further equipped with the chemical | medical solution holding | maintenance part which hold | maintains the chemical | medical solution containing the drug ion arrange | positioned at the front side of the said polarizable electrode, It is characterized by the above-mentioned. Iontophoresis device.   19. The iontophoresis device according to claim 18, wherein the polarizable electrode holds a chemical solution having the same composition as the chemical solution in the chemical solution holding unit.   The ion according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the electrode structure further includes a first ion exchange membrane disposed on a front surface side of the polarizable electrode and doped with drug ions. Tophoresis device. A working electrode structure holding drug ions of the first conductivity type;
An iontophoresis device comprising a non-working side electrode structure as a counter electrode of the working electrode structure,
The non-working side electrode structure is
A polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a capacitance per unit volume of 1 F / g or more;
An iontophoresis device comprising: a third ion exchange membrane disposed on the front side of the polarizable electrode. A working electrode structure holding drug ions of the first conductivity type;
An iontophoresis device comprising a non-working side electrode structure as a counter electrode of the working electrode structure,
The non-working side electrode structure is
A polarizable electrode containing a conductor having a specific surface area of 10 m ² / g or more;
An iontophoresis device comprising: a third ion exchange membrane disposed on the front side of the polarizable electrode. A working electrode structure holding drug ions of the first conductivity type;
An iontophoresis device comprising a non-working side electrode structure as a counter electrode of the working electrode structure,
The non-working side electrode structure is
A polarizable electrode containing activated carbon;
An iontophoresis device comprising: a third ion exchange membrane disposed on the front side of the polarizable electrode.

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