JP2007037885A - Apparatus and method for endermic drug delivery and manufacturing method of needle for endermic drug delivery apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for endermic drug delivery which is painless and safety to a human body, easily disposable, capable of using for quite a lot of drugs, and easily manufactured at low cost. <P>SOLUTION: A needle device 2' having 200 μm of a fine needle is pushed on a skin 4 under normal pressure. Here is stratum corneum 4a, epidermal layer 4b, and corium layer 4c. Then the needle device 2' is pulled up to pull the fine needle out of the skin 4. Further, a pore 5 is temporarily formed on the skin 4 to reach the epidermal layer 4b. A drug 6 is supplied to the upper part of the formed pore 5 and penetrated under the skin through the pore 5. The drug may be applied on the pore 5. Additionally, positive and negative electrodes are put on the skin 4 when the drug 6 is supplied, and so the electric field fainter than usual iontophoresis is applied to enable the drug penetration to promote. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

  The present invention relates to a transdermal drug delivery device that supplies a drug subcutaneously, a transdermal drug delivery method using the device, and a method for manufacturing a needle device used in the device. INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention can be used for a device for delivering (supplying) a medical drug, a quasi-drug, or a cosmetic drug subcutaneously, a subcutaneous nutrient supply device, and a medical examination device.

  A technique conventionally used as a device for delivering (supplying) a drug subcutaneously via the skin is subcutaneous injection by a syringe or infusion. A metal injection needle with sufficient strength not to break is inserted into the skin, and the drug is injected into the body from the tip of the needle reaching the subcutaneous tissue.

  The conventional method using the syringe or the like has a disadvantage that the skin tissue is hardened by frequent use in addition to pain when the skin is pierced with a needle. In addition, when the epidermis layer or dermis layer of the skin is the target for drug delivery, it is difficult to insert the injection needle to a depth of several hundred μm from the surface of the skin. Drug delivery effect is not obtained.

  In the method of applying a drug such as an ointment to the skin surface, the stratum corneum blocks the penetration of the drug into the skin. For this reason, a sufficient amount of medicine is not supplied to the epidermis layer or the dermis layer.

  Conventional methods different from subcutaneous injection and drug application include iontophoresis and electroporation (see Non-Patent Document 1).

  The above-mentioned iontophoresis is a transdermal drug delivery system in which a drug charged in an aqueous solution is supplied to the surface of the skin, and at the same time the electrode is brought into contact with the skin and energized to actively penetrate the drug subcutaneously. Is the method. Although this method improves the absorption efficiency of the drug into the epidermis and dermis layers, since the skin is energized, health problems such as overcurrent, skin irritation and skin damage due to long-term use may occur.

  The electroporation is a transdermal drug delivery method in which a drug is introduced subcutaneously through reversible micropores formed in the skin by applying a high voltage of several hundred volts for a short time. In this case as well, there is a problem that skin irritation and skin damage due to energization may occur as in iontophoresis.

As a transdermal drug delivery device that overcomes the problems in these conventional techniques, there is one that uses a microneedle array that is manufactured by applying a micromachine manufacturing technique (see Non-Patent Document 2).
In many cases, the drug delivery device is manufactured using a semiconductor crystal or a metal as a material. If the tip of the needle is a sphere, the diameter can be designed to be several μm or less, and the length of the needle can be freely designed to be about 10 to 100 μm. Since there is no nerve tissue in the stratum corneum and epidermis of the skin, no pain is felt even if such fine needles are inserted into the epidermis. The drug can be supplied to the epidermis layer or the dermis layer, for example, by applying the drug to the surface of a large number of needle arrays established within a certain area.

  However, these micro needles have drawbacks that cannot be neglected. The fine needles are so thin that they can break when entering the skin and leave debris on the skin. Inorganic materials such as semiconductors and metals remaining on the skin are generally harmful to human health. Even if the needle is not broken, a special facility or process is required to dispose it after use. That is, disposal costs.

  As a method for overcoming the problems of the fine needle drug delivery device using inorganic materials and realizing a transdermal drug delivery system that is safe and easy to dispose of, a fine needle using a biocompatible material can be considered (see Patent Document 1). ).

In the above prior art, a drug delivery device using fine needles made of natural sugar has been proposed. In this method, a fine needle is produced using a mixture of a drug and a sugar. A needle is inserted into the skin and only the needle part is broken and left on the skin. The main component of the needle is sugar, which is hydrolyzed spontaneously by body fluids. At this time, the drug is released into the skin. Natural sugar is safe for the human body and water-soluble, so it can be easily discarded.
(Skin Measurement and Evaluation Manual, Technical Information Association, 2003, pp. 335-341). Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Vol.2, pp.289-313, 2000). JP 2003-238347 A

  However, the technique described in the above conventional publication has the following critical problems. Since sugar is high in viscosity and poor in fluidity, shaping into a needle shape and formation of a needle array are not easy. That is, the manufacturing yield and manufacturing throughput are low, and the manufacturing cost is extremely high. Moreover, in order to ensure the fluidity of sugar when the drug is mixed into the needle material, the sugar material must be heated to about 100 ° C., and the drug is easily denatured by heat. Furthermore, a substance that chemically reacts with sugar and loses its function as a drug cannot be mixed into the needle. Thus, the types of drugs that can be used are limited.

  The present invention overcomes the problems that exist in conventional transdermal drug delivery systems, is painless to the human body, safe, easy to dispose of, has few limitations on available drugs, and is easy to manufacture An object of the present invention is to provide a transdermal drug delivery device, a transdermal drug delivery method, and a needle device manufacturing method that are inexpensive.

  The invention of claim 1 includes a needle device in which one or a plurality of fine needles made of polyethylene glycol are arranged on a substrate so as to form a linear or planar shape. This is a transdermal drug delivery device.

  The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that, in claim 1, the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of 1000 or more.

  The invention of claim 3 is characterized in that, in claim 1 or 2, the fine needle has a conical shape, and the diameter of the base portion is 2/3 or less of the needle length.

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cylinder, the needle device according to any one of the first to third aspects, disposed in the cylinder so as to be retractable and biased in the immersion direction, the needle device, and the cylinder. And a medicine filled in the medicine storage space formed in the above, and a micropore is formed in the skin by immersing after the needle device is protruded while the cylinder is in contact with the skin. A transdermal drug delivery device characterized in that a drug is supplied subcutaneously through the micropores.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the fine needle according to any one of the first to fourth aspects is inserted into the skin to temporarily form a fine hole penetrating the epidermis layer or dermis layer in the skin. A transdermal drug delivery method characterized in that a drug is supplied subcutaneously through the device.

  A sixth aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing the needle device according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, wherein a mold having a reversal shape of the fine needle and a polyethylene glycol film are uniformly formed on a flat lower surface. After preparing a plastic substrate coated and formed in a thickness, heating the mold to a predetermined temperature, pressing the substrate so that the polyethylene glycol film is pressed against the mold, and cooling the mold The substrate is separated from the mold.

  Here, as the mold in the present invention, for example, a mold made of single crystal silicon can be adopted.

  In the present invention, fine needles are produced using polyethylene glycol as a material. Although the melting point of polyethylene glycol depends on the molecular weight, generally, it melts at about 50 ° C to become fluid, has a low viscosity, and is very easy to process compared to sugar. descend. In particular, as with Kenzan, it is much easier to form fine needles distributed in the plane than sugar materials. In addition, since polyethylene glycol has good processability at low temperatures, even when a drug is mixed, thermal denaturation of the drug is slight.

  A fine needle is made only with polyethylene glycol without mixing a drug, and the needle is inserted into the skin and immediately removed to form a reversible micropore in the skin. When a drug is applied to the micropores, or when a weak electric field or pressure is further applied and the drug is introduced subcutaneously through the micropores, the absorption efficiency of the drug is significantly higher than when applied to the upper horny layer without micropores. improves.

  In addition, since the drug is introduced through the micropores, the limitation on available drugs is greatly relaxed compared to the case where the drug is mixed into the needle.

  Polyethylene glycol is widely used as an ointment base for pharmaceuticals or cosmetics and has been confirmed to be safe for the human body. Moreover, since polyethylene glycol reacts with body fluids and dissolves spontaneously, it does not remain in the skin layer for a long time. Therefore, even if the needle breaks and remains on the skin, there is no health problem. Furthermore, since polyethylene glycol is soluble in both water and alcohol, disposal after use is easy.

  Polyethylene glycol has a higher melting point as the molecular weight increases. In order to obtain a solid at room temperature, the molecular weight is desirably 1000 or more. In addition, when it is desired to be able to store in a high temperature environment of 50 ° C. or higher, polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 4000 or more is used.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  The transdermal drug delivery device according to this embodiment includes a needle device in which one or a plurality of fine needles made of polyethylene glycol are arranged on a substrate so as to form a linear or planar shape. ing.

  The shape of each fine needle constituting the needle device is, for example, a conical shape, and the needle length is designed to correspond to the depth of the skin into which the drug is to be introduced. For example, when the introduction of the drug is limited to the epidermis layer, the needle length is 200 μm or less. On the other hand, when it introduce | transduces into a dermis layer, it shall be 200 micrometers or more.

  The cross-sectional shape of the base portion of the fine needle is a circle, but its diameter is 2/3 or less of the needle length. The inter-needle pitch is equal to or greater than the needle length.

  Based on FIGS. 1-3, an example of the concrete procedure in the case of manufacturing the said needle | hook apparatus is demonstrated. However, the manufacturing process of the needle device having the fine needle array in the present invention is not limited to this manufacturing method.

  FIG. 1 shows a mold for producing a fine needle array in which a large number of fine needles are arranged in a plane having a constant area, such as Kenzan. The mold 1 is made of, for example, a single crystal silicon substrate, and has a large number of recesses 1a having a reversal shape of fine needles. In order to form the inverted shape of the fine needles on the single crystal silicon substrate, a semiconductor silicon integrated circuit manufacturing technique that has already been widely used or an existing technique for manufacturing a micromachine using single crystal silicon is used. That's fine.

More specifically, the mold 1 is formed with 100 fine needles having an inverted shape at a pitch of 1 mm in a square surface having an area of 1 cm ² . In this case, the needle length is 200 μm, and the diameter of the needle base section is 100 μm.

FIG. 2 shows a plastic jig 2 on which the fine needle array is formed. This jig 2 has a substrate 2a processed so that the upper part can be used as a handle. The lower surface of the substrate 2a is made to be a flat surface including a square surface with an area of 1 cm ² . On the lower surface of the substrate 2a, a film 3 is formed by coating polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 or more with a uniform thickness. The thickness of the film 3 is twice or more than the needle length.

  FIG. 3 shows an example of a process for producing a needle device using the mold 1 and the jig 2. In this example, a fine needle array composed of 100 needles 200 μm long is produced using polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 2000.

First, the mold 1 is heated to a temperature at which polyethylene glycol becomes fluid, for example, 55 ° C., and the jig 2 illustrated in FIG. 2 is pressed against the mold 1 (FIG. 3A). The mold 1 is cooled while the jig 2 is pressed against the mold 1 (FIG. 3B). When the temperature of the mold 1 becomes 40 ° C. or less, the polyethylene glycol protruding from the jig 2 is removed, and the jig 2 is pulled up (FIG. 3C). In this way, a needle device 2 ′ having 100 fine needles 3a arranged at a pitch of 1 mm in a square surface having an area of 1 cm ² is obtained.

  Next, a specific example of the transdermal drug delivery method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  First, the needle device 2 ′ having the 200 μm fine needle is pressed against the skin 4 with normal pressure (FIG. 4A). Here, 4a is a stratum corneum, 4b is an epidermis layer, and 4c is a dermis layer.

  Subsequently, the needle device 2 ′ is pulled up and the fine needle is removed from the skin 4. Then, micropores 5 that reach the epidermis layer 4b are temporarily formed in the skin 4 (FIG. 4B). The drug 6 is supplied to the upper part of the micropore 5 formed as described above, and the drug 6 is permeated subcutaneously through the micropore 5 (FIG. 4C). In addition, you may apply | coat a chemical | medical agent on the said fine hole 5. FIG. Further, when supplying the drug, the anode and cathode electrodes can be applied to the skin 4 and an electric field weaker than that of normal iontophoresis can be applied to promote penetration of the drug.

  Even if the fine needle 3a breaks and remains on the skin during the delivery of the medicine, the fine needle 3a reacts with the body fluid and self-dissolves, so there is no health problem. However, there arises a problem that the minute hole 5 is blocked by the remaining needle. In order to avoid this problem, a fine needle may be produced using a material obtained by mixing an appropriate amount of a drug in polyethylene glycol.

  Thus, in this embodiment, since the fine needle | hook 3a was produced using polyethyleneglycol as a material, a process is easy and manufacturing cost can be reduced. In manufacturing the fine needle 3a, in the present embodiment, the mold 1 having the concave portion 1a having the inverted shape of the fine needle 3a is heated to a predetermined temperature and pressed with a polyethylene glycol film. Cost can be reduced.

  That is, although the melting point of polyethylene glycol depends on the molecular weight, generally it melts and becomes fluid at about 50 ° C., has a low viscosity, and is very easy to process compared to sugar. As a result, the manufacturing cost of the fine needle 3a is reduced. In particular, as with Kenzan, it is much easier to form fine needles distributed in the plane than sugar materials. In addition, since polyethylene glycol has good processability at low temperatures, even when a drug is mixed, thermal denaturation of the drug is slight.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, the fine needle 3a is produced only with polyethylene glycol without mixing a medicine, and the fine needle 3a is inserted into the skin and immediately removed, thereby forming a reversible fine hole 5 in the skin. Since the drug is supplied onto the micropores 5, the drug absorption efficiency can be remarkably improved as compared with the case where the drug is applied to the upper horny layer having no micropores. Furthermore, when a weak electric field or pressure is applied, the drug can be more subcutaneously supplied through the micropores.

  FIG. 5 shows a specific example of a transdermal drug delivery device which can execute the transdermal drug delivery method described in FIG. 4 with a simple operation. The medicine delivery device 7 includes a cylinder 8 having a cylindrical lower end and an opening at the lower end, and the needle device 2 ′ disposed in the cylinder 8 so as to be movable up and down. The needle device 2 ′ is arranged so that the fine needle 3 a can protrude downward from the lower end surface 8 c of the cylinder 8, and is biased so as to be immersed inward by a spring 9. Reference numeral 8a denotes a stopper that regulates the immersion position of the needle device 2 '.

  A space surrounded by the cylinder 8 and the needle device 2 'is a medicine storage chamber 8a, and the storage chamber 8a is filled with the medicine 6. Reference numeral 11 denotes a drug injection port for injecting a drug into the storage chamber 8a.

  The needle device 2 'is provided with an operating rod 10 that protrudes upward from the cylinder. When the operating rod 10 is pushed in, the fine needle 3a protrudes downward, and when the operating force is loosened, it is inwardly immersed. It is supposed to be.

  The drug delivery device 7 is placed on the skin, and a normal pressure is applied to the needle device 2 ′ with a finger through the operation bar 10. Then, the needle device 2 'moves downward, and the fine needle 3a is inserted into the skin. At this time, the substrate 2a of the needle device 2 'is separated from the stopper 8a, and the medicine is supplied to the upper part of the skin. When the pressure on the operating rod 10 is stopped, the fine needle 3a is separated from the skin by the restoring force of the spring 9, and a fine hole is formed in the skin. Through this micropore, the drug penetrates subcutaneously. If an electrode is attached to the lower surface of the cylinder, an effect equivalent to that of iontophoresis can be obtained by a weak electric field.

  Thus, when this embodiment apparatus 7 is used, formation of the micropore 5 and supply of the chemical | medical agent 6 are performed only by applying normal force with the finger | toe to the operation stick | rod 10, and returning after that. The transdermal drug delivery can be realized with a very simple operation.

It is a schematic cross section of the metal mold | die for shape | molding the fine needle of the transdermal drug delivery device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic cross section of the jig | tool for shape | molding the said fine needle. It is a schematic process diagram for demonstrating the manufacturing process of the said needle | hook apparatus. It is a schematic process diagram for explaining a transdermal drug delivery method using the needle device. It is a schematic cross section of the transdermal drug delivery device concerning other embodiments of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

1 Mold 2 Jig 2a Substrate 2 'Needle device 2a Substrate 3 Polyethylene glycol film 3a Fine needle 4 Skin 4b Skin layer 4c Dermal layer 5 Fine hole 6 Drug 7 Transdermal drug delivery device 8 Cylinder 8b Drug storage space

Claims (6)

  A transdermal drug delivery device comprising a needle device in which one or a plurality of fine needles made of polyethylene glycol are arranged on a substrate in a linear or planar shape.   The transdermal drug delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the polyethylene glycol has a molecular weight of 1000 or more.   The transdermal drug delivery device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fine needle has a conical shape, and the diameter of the base portion is 2/3 or less of the needle length.   A medicine storage formed by a cylinder, the needle device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 disposed in the cylinder so as to be retractable and urged in an immersion direction, and the needle device and the cylinder. A microscopic hole is formed in the skin by inserting the needle device in a state where the cylinder is in contact with the skin and then immersing the needle device in a state where the cylinder is in contact with the skin. A transdermal drug delivery device characterized in that the drug is supplied subcutaneously.   The microneedle according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is inserted into the skin, a micropore penetrating the epidermis or dermis layer is temporarily formed in the skin, and the drug is supplied subcutaneously through the micropore. A transdermal drug delivery method characterized by the above.   5. The method of manufacturing a needle device according to claim 1, wherein a polyethylene glycol film is applied and formed to a uniform thickness on the mold having the inverted shape of the fine needle and a flat lower surface. A plastic substrate is prepared, the mold is heated to a predetermined temperature, the substrate is pressed so that the polyethylene glycol film is pressed against the mold, the mold is cooled, and then the substrate is removed from the mold. A method of manufacturing a needle device for a transdermal drug delivery device, characterized by separating the needle device.

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