JP2006349014A - Tapered roller bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a tapered roller bearing capable of maximizing a minimum oil film thickness at a contact portion between a roller large end face and an inner ring large collar, having excellent seizure resistance, and suppressing the manufacturing cost of the roller.
A tapered roller bearing 1 is configured such that a large end surface 4a of a tapered roller 4 is a spherical surface, and a side surface 2ba of a large flange 2b of an inner ring 2 on a tapered roller 4 side is a substantially tapered surface. The roller end face R ratio is set to the following value according to the load condition. When the ratio P / C of the dynamic equivalent radial load P to the basic dynamic load rating C is used in the range of P / C ≦ 12%, the roller end face R ratio is set to 86 to 92%. In the case of a bearing used in the range of P / C> 12%, the roller end face R ratio is 84 to 88. Roller end R ratio, from the vertex A of the conical surface formed with an inner ring 2 of the raceway surface, the large end face of the distance to the contact point B between the large end face 4a and the large collar 2b of the tapered roller 4 r _b, the tapered rollers 4 the radius of curvature 4a when the r _m, the value of R = r _m / r _b, in represented by R.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a tapered roller bearing used for an automobile transmission or the like.

Tapered roller bearings usually have a large collar on the back side of the inner ring. The side surface of this large bowl on the tapered roller side is a substantially conical surface, and comes into contact with the roller large end surface constituted by a part of a spherical surface. At the contact portion with the large end surface of the inner ring, the relative motion is accompanied by a slip, so that in a tapered roller bearing for an automobile transmission used at a high load, the oil film becomes thin and metal contact may occur.
Conventionally, as a technique for improving the lubricity of a large collar portion of a tapered roller bearing, a method of preventing metal contact by forming a circumferential groove in the large collar (for example, Patent Document 1), random grinding on a roller large end face A method of providing a trace and storing lubricating oil in a valley portion of the grinding mark (for example, Patent Document 2), a method of dispersing minute recesses on the roller large end surface, and storing the lubricant in the recess (for example, Patent Document 3) A method of coating a self-lubricating film on any one contact surface at the contact portion between the roller large end surface and the inner ring collar (for example, Patent Document 4), either one at the contact portion between the roller large end surface and the inner ring collar A method of coating a contact surface with a ceramic film (for example, Patent Document 5) has been proposed.

As a method for improving the lubricity, it is also conceivable to improve the oil film forming ability. One of the factors governing the ability to form an oil film is the radius of curvature of the roller's large end face. At the contact point between the roller large end face and the inner ring large collar, the radius of curvature of the roller large end face is made slightly smaller than the radius of curvature of the inner ring large collar surface. Specifically, the distance from the apex of the conical surface of the inner ring raceway surface to the contact point and r _b, rollers and a radius of curvature of the large end face and the _{r m, r m / r b} = 0.8~ About 0.97. Here, R = r _m / r _b is a value called roller end R ratio. Patent Documents 6 to 8 are known as conventional techniques related to the roller end face R ratio.
Patent Document 8 states that the optimum value of the roller end face R ratio that can make the minimum oil film thickness ratio 0.95 or more is 0.75 to 0.85.
JP-A-2005-24029 JP 2003-269468 A JP-A-10-110733 JP-A-9-287616 JP-A-9-177774 JP 2002-213456 A JP 2000-170774 A Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 05-087330

However, the lubricity improving methods disclosed in Patent Documents 1 to 5 require a special processing step, which increases the manufacturing cost.
Further, in the roller end face R ratio design techniques disclosed in Patent Documents 6 to 8, the roller end face R ratio is uniformly given regardless of the use conditions, and is not necessarily an optimum value. The optimum value of the roller end face R ratio should be examined based on seizure resistance, oil film formation, stability of the posture of the rotating roller, workability, and the like, and the optimum value varies depending on use conditions.

  An object of the present invention is to make the minimum oil film thickness at the contact portion between the roller large end face and the inner ring collar so that the roller end face R ratio is optimum for the use conditions, and an extreme oil film thickness within the tolerance. It is an object of the present invention to provide a tapered roller bearing that is excellent in seizure resistance and that can keep the manufacturing cost of rollers as low as possible.

The tapered roller bearing according to the present invention is a tapered roller bearing in which a large end surface of the tapered roller is a spherical surface, and a side surface on the tapered roller side of the inner ring is a tapered surface.
The bearing is used in the range of P / C ≦ 12% where the load condition is light load or normal load, and the roller end face R ratio is 86 to 92%.
P / C is the ratio of the dynamic equivalent radial load P to the basic dynamic load rating C.
Roller end R ratio, from the apex of conical surface as the inner ring raceway surface, the distance to the contact point between the large end face and the large rib of the tapered rollers r _b, the radius of curvature of the large end face of the tapered roller and r _m The value of R shown by the following formula, R = r _m / r _b .

Another tapered roller bearing according to the present invention is a tapered roller bearing in which the large end surface of the tapered roller is a spherical surface, and the side surface of the inner ring on the tapered roller side is a substantially tapered surface,
It is a bearing used in the range of P / C> 12% where the load condition is a heavy load range, and the roller end face R ratio is 84 to 88%.
The light load, normal load, and heavy load classifications are the load classifications in JIS B1566 Appendix A Note 3 (1) as will be described later.

  According to this configuration, the minimum oil film thickness at the contact portion between the large end face of the tapered roller and the large collar of the inner ring can be maximized from the calculation result based on EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) theory, that is, elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory. Therefore, there is no drastic reduction in the oil film thickness within the tolerance, and the seizure resistance in the inner ring can be improved. In addition, when mass producing tapered rollers for tapered roller bearings, the roller end surface R ratio can be manufactured with high accuracy at a lower cost as the roller end surface R ratio is closer to 1, but according to the present invention, the roller end surface R ratio can be increased depending on the use conditions. In order to make it as large as possible, it is possible to manufacture with high accuracy while keeping the manufacturing cost of tapered rollers as low as possible.

  The tapered roller bearing according to the present invention has a roller end face R ratio of 86 to 92% in a bearing that is used under a light load or a normal load. The minimum oil film thickness at the contact point between the large end face of the tapered roller and the inner ring can be maximized, and there is no drastic reduction in oil film thickness within the tolerance, and the seizure resistance of the inner ring can be improved. it can. In addition, since the roller end face R ratio is as close to 1 as possible with respect to the use conditions, it is possible to manufacture the tapered rollers with high accuracy while keeping the manufacturing cost of the tapered rollers as low as possible.

  Another tapered roller bearing according to the present invention has a roller end surface R ratio of 84 to 88% in a bearing that is used under heavy load conditions. The minimum oil film thickness at the contact area between the roller's large end face and the inner ring's large collar can be maximized, and there is no drastic reduction in oil film thickness within tolerances, improving seizure resistance on the inner ring's large collar. . In addition, since the roller end face R ratio is as close to 1 as possible with respect to the use conditions, it is possible to manufacture the tapered rollers with high accuracy while keeping the manufacturing cost of the tapered rollers as low as possible.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The tapered roller bearing 1 of this embodiment has an inner ring 2, an outer ring 3, and a tapered roller 4 interposed between the inner and outer rings 2 and 3, as shown in a sectional view in FIG. This is a single row tapered roller bearing capable of applying an axial preload between the rings 2 and 3. The inner ring 2 has a raceway surface 2a which is a conical surface on the outer diameter surface, and a large collar 2b and a small collar 2c on the large diameter side and the small diameter side of the outer diameter, respectively. The outer ring 3 has a raceway surface 3 a that is a conical surface on the inner diameter surface facing the raceway surface 2 a of the inner ring 2. A plurality of tapered rollers 4 are interposed between the raceway surfaces 2a and 3a so as to freely roll. These tapered rollers 4 are held by a cage 5 at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction.

The large end surface 4a of the tapered roller 4 is a spherical surface, and the inner ring large collar surface 2ba (FIG. 1B) which is the side surface of the large collar 2b of the inner ring 2 on the tapered roller 4 side is a substantially tapered surface. The distance from the apex A of the tapered surface which is the raceway surface 2a of the inner ring 2 to the contact point B between the large end surface 4a of the tapered roller 4 and the inner ring large collar 2b is r _b , and the curvature radius of the large end surface 4a of the tapered roller 4 is When r _m ,
R = r _m / r _b
The value of R indicated by is called the roller end face R ratio.

In this embodiment, in relation to the load condition and the end face R ratio, the load condition is in the range of light load or normal load, that is, the ratio P / C of the dynamic equivalent radial load P to the basic dynamic load rating C is P / C ≦ The bearing is used in a range of 12%, and has a roller end face R ratio of 86 to 92%.
When the load condition is a heavy load, that is, when the bearing is used in a range where P / C is P / C> 12%, the roller end face R ratio is 84 to 88%.

When the tapered roller 4 is mass-produced in a tapered roller bearing in which the large end surface 4a of the tapered roller 4 is a spherical surface and the side surface 2ba of the inner ring large collar 2b is a substantially tapered surface like the tapered roller bearing 1 in this embodiment, As the roller end face R ratio is closer to 1, it can be manufactured with higher accuracy at lower cost.
Further, when the tapered roller 4 is skewed during the operation of the tapered roller bearing 1, the contact point B on the roller large end surface 4a moves from the normal position in the sliding direction. As a result, a moment of force for correcting the skew is generated, but as the roller end face R ratio is larger, a larger moment is generated with a smaller skew angle. Therefore, from the viewpoint of the stability of the posture of the tapered roller 4, it is desirable that the roller end face R ratio is large.

  On the other hand, the larger the roller end face R ratio, the larger the contact ellipse at the contact point B. The major axis radius of the contact ellipse exists in the circumferential direction of the inner ring collar 2b. When the tapered roller 4 is skewed and the contact point B is moved, the larger the roller end surface R ratio, the easier the contact ellipse protrudes from the contactable region between the roller large end surface 4a and the inner ring large collar surface 2ba. When the contact ellipse protrudes, an excessive pressure is generated at the edge portion, which causes seizure. When seizure occurs, an oil film is not formed between the roller large end surface 4a and the inner ring large collar surface 2ba, and is in a metal contact state. At this time, the tapered roller 4 is skewed by friction with the inner ring large collar surface 2ba.

The amount of movement of the contact point B due to the skew is determined by the balance of the moments of force at the buttocks according to the detailed theoretical examination results, with little influence of the track surface 2a. That is, it is a balance of moments around the center of gravity of the roller between the load of the following formula and the frictional force.
Qd = μQl
Q: Hail load d: Amount of movement in the circumferential direction of contact point B μ: Friction coefficient l: Distance of center of gravity at contact point B

  The size of the contact ellipse can be calculated by the Hertz equation. From this, a limit load that does not allow the contact ellipse to protrude is obtained, for example, as shown in the graph of FIG. From this graph, it can be seen that the smaller the roller end face R ratio, the better the seizure resistance.

In order to seize, it is necessary to make metal contact. However, if the oil film is thick, metal contact is difficult to occur. From this, it can be seen that providing a roller end face R ratio that maximizes the minimum oil film thickness under the same operating conditions is one means of improving seizure resistance. Accordingly, the lubrication state of the roller large end face 4a and the inner ring large collar face 2ba was calculated based on the EHL theory, and the results shown in the graphs of FIGS. 3 to 6 were obtained.
That is, according to the graphs of FIGS. 3 and 4, even when the rotational speed and the lubricating viscosity are changed as parameters, the roller end face R ratio that maximizes the minimum oil film thickness hardly changes. However, according to the graph of FIG. 5, when the heel load is changed as a parameter, the roller end face R ratio that maximizes the minimum oil film thickness changes, and the optimum value of the roller end face R ratio decreases as the heel load increases. ing. Further, when the roller end surface R ratio is smaller than the optimum value, the minimum oil film thickness decreases slightly, but when the roller end surface R ratio is larger than the optimum value, the minimum oil film thickness decreases rapidly. In the graph of FIG. 5, P / C represents the ratio of the dynamic equivalent radial load P to the basic dynamic load rating C.

  According to the above calculation results, the optimum roller end face R ratio for oil film formation depends on the load. In the design of the tapered roller bearing 1, when the kite load is small, the roller end surface R ratio is increased and the kite load is large. Sometimes it can be seen that the roller end face R ratio should be reduced. Further, in manufacturing, it is necessary to give a tolerance to the roller end face R ratio, but according to the above calculation result, it can be seen that the tolerance value must be set to the optimum value or less.

Here, JIS 1566 Reference Attached Table 3 Note (1) states that “light load, normal load and heavy load are 6% or less of the basic dynamic load rating of the bearing used by the dynamic equivalent radial load, and exceed 6% and 12% or less, respectively. And a load exceeding 12% ". Similarly to the above-mentioned Patent Document 8, if it is allowed to reduce the maximum oil film thickness by 5%, FIG. 6 is obtained from FIG.
According to FIG. 6, in a bearing with P / C ≦ 6%, which is a light load standard, the roller end face R ratio is 86 to 93, and a bearing with 6% <P / C ≦ 12%, which is a standard standard load. Then, it is understood that the roller end surface R ratio is desirably 83 to 92%, and that the roller end surface R ratio is desirably 84 to 88% in a bearing having P / C> 12%, which is a guideline for heavy load.
In this embodiment, the roller end face R ratio is 86 to 92%, which is a common range of the desired range, for a bearing used with a light load and a bearing used with a normal load.
That is, as described above, the range of the roller end face R ratio was set as a design method for the tapered roller bearing in the case of a light load and a normal load and in the case of a heavy load as described above.

  As described above, in this embodiment, when the bearing is used in a range where the load condition is a light load or a normal load, the roller end face R ratio is 86 to 92%, and the load condition is used in a range of a heavy load. In the case of the bearing to be used, since the roller end face R ratio is 84 to 88, the minimum oil film thickness at the contact portion between the roller large end face 4a and the inner ring collar 2b is the maximum, and the oil film thickness is extremely within the tolerance. The seizure resistance at the inner ring large collar 2b can be improved without a decrease in the height. Moreover, the manufacturing cost of the tapered rollers 4 can be kept as low as possible.

(A) is sectional drawing of the tapered roller bearing concerning one Embodiment of this invention, (B) is a partial expanded sectional view of the tapered roller bearing. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the roller edge surface R ratio in a tapered roller bearing, and the limit saddle load which a contact ellipse does not protrude, using a friction coefficient as a parameter. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the roller end surface R ratio and the minimum oil film thickness in a tapered roller bearing, using a rotational speed as a parameter. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the roller end surface R ratio and the minimum oil film thickness in a tapered roller bearing, using lubricating oil viscosity as a parameter. It is a graph which shows the relationship between the roller end surface R ratio and minimum oil film thickness in a tapered roller bearing as a parameter | corrosion load. It is a graph which shows the relationship of P / C place end surface R ratio.

Explanation of symbols

2 ... Inner ring 2a ... Inner ring raceway surface (conical surface)
2b ... large collar 2ba ... inner ring large collar surface 4: tapered roller 4a ... large end face A ... apex of inner ring conical surface B ... contact point between large end face and large collar r _b ... distance between apex and contact point r _m ... large end face Radius of curvature

Claims (2)

A tapered roller bearing in which the large end surface of the tapered roller is a spherical surface, and the side surface on the tapered roller side of the collar of the inner ring is a substantially tapered surface,
It is a bearing that is used in a range where the ratio P / C of the dynamic equivalent radial load P to the basic dynamic load rating C where the load condition is a light load or a normal load is P / C ≦ 12%.
From the apex of conical surface as the inner ring raceway surface, the distance to the contact point between the large end face and the large rib of the tapered rollers r _b, the radius of curvature of the large end faces of tapered rollers is taken as r _m, the following formula ,
R = r _m / r _b
A tapered roller bearing having a roller end face R ratio of 86 to 92%, which is a value of R shown in FIG. A tapered roller bearing in which the large end surface of the tapered roller is a spherical surface, and the side surface on the tapered roller side of the collar of the inner ring is a substantially tapered surface,
The load condition is a heavy load range, and the ratio P / C of the dynamic equivalent radial load P to the basic dynamic load rating C is P / C> 12%.
From the apex of conical surface as the inner ring raceway surface, the distance to the contact point between the large end face and the large rib of the tapered rollers r _b, the radius of curvature of the large end faces of tapered rollers is taken as r _m, the following formula ,
R = r _m / r _b
A tapered roller bearing having a roller end face R ratio of 84 to 88%, which is a value of R indicated by.

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