JP2006326705A - Cutting tools - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a cutting tool that can easily manage a voltage applied to a piezoelectric actuator in two directions and can reliably circulate a tip tool along an elliptical locus.
A cutting tool 1 according to the present invention is detachably attached to a tip portion of a vibrating body 10 and includes a tip bit 101 for cutting a work material and first vibrating means for vibrating the vibrating body 10 in the X-axis direction. And second vibration means for vibrating the vibrating body 10 in the Y-axis direction, and the tip bite 101 circulates along a substantially elliptical locus. The entire cross section of the vibrating body 10 with the tip bit 101 attached is centered on the central axis of the vibrating body 10, a pair of sides facing the X axis direction and parallel to the Y axis direction, and the Y axis direction. And a substantially quadrangular shape consisting of a pair of sides parallel to the X-axis direction. Thereby, the resonance frequency difference between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the vibrating body 10 is reduced, and a voltage having the same frequency can be applied in the X-axis and Y-axis directions.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting tool, and more particularly to a cutting tool used for elliptical vibration cutting.

  Conventionally, an elliptical vibration cutting device has been proposed in which the body portion of an elliptical vibrator is formed in a cylindrical shape (see Patent Document 1). In a conventional elliptical vibration cutting device, a predetermined sinusoidal voltage is applied from a control mechanism to a piezoelectric element (piezoelectric actuator) provided on a cylindrical body part of an elliptical vibrator. As a result, the cutting tool (tip tool) attached to the tip of the elliptical vibrator is caused to elliptically vibrate to cut the work material.

However, in the method for attaching a piezoelectric element disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to apply an input voltage to the piezoelectric element up to the vicinity of the withstand voltage of the piezoelectric element in order to obtain a desired vibration of the cutting tool. This causes excessive heat generation of the piezoelectric element and deterioration of the adhesive bonding the piezoelectric element to the elliptical vibration terminal.
Accordingly, the applicant of the present invention has proposed a vibration body 5 for a cutting tool in which a method for attaching a piezoelectric element as shown in FIG. 9 is devised.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the vibrating body 5 includes a columnar first portion 510 and a substantially quadrangular prism-shaped second portion 520. A notch for attaching the tip bit 501 is formed at the tip portion of the first portion 510. In such a vibrating body 5, the cross-sectional shape of the tip portion where the notch is formed and the entire tip bit 501 has no symmetry in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, which are the vibration directions of the vibrating body 5. Therefore, the difference between the resonance frequency in the X-axis direction and the resonance frequency in the Y-axis direction of the vibrating body 5 becomes large. Therefore, in order to make the tip bite 501 circulate along a desired locus, the piezoelectric actuator 512X on the surface facing the X-axis direction of the second portion 520 and the piezoelectric actuator 512Y on the surface facing the Y-axis direction are arranged. It is necessary to apply input voltages having different frequencies. However, in such a cutting tool, the frequency of each input voltage has to be managed. Therefore, for example, when one input voltage has an inappropriate frequency, there is a problem that the tip bit 501 does not elliptically vibrate.

JP 2000-52101 A

  Therefore, the present invention provides a cutting tool that can easily manage the voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuators in two directions and can reliably rotate the tip bite along an elliptical trajectory in order to solve the above problem. There is to do.

Such an object is achieved by the present invention described below.
The cutting tool of the present invention comprises a substantially columnar vibrator,
A tip bite that is detachably attached to the tip of the vibrating body and cuts the work material;
First vibrating means for vibrating the vibrating body in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the vibrating body;
Second vibration means for vibrating the vibrating body in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the vibrating body and the first direction;
A cutting tool in which the tip bite circulates along a substantially elliptical trajectory by operating the first vibrating means and the second vibrating means,
In the vibrating body, a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the vibrating body and the entire tip bite in a state where the tip bite is attached to the vibrating body is opposed to the first direction with the central axis as a center. And a first portion having a substantially rectangular shape including a pair of sides parallel to the second direction and a pair of sides facing the second direction and parallel to the first direction; ,
The first drive means and the second drive means are provided, and a cross section perpendicular to the central axis has a pair of faces centered on the central axis and facing the first direction and parallel to the second direction. And a pair of sides facing the second direction and parallel to the first direction, and having a substantially quadrangular shape larger than the substantially quadrangular shape of the first portion. 2 part,
The first part and the second part are connected to each other, and a cross section perpendicular to the central axis is centered on the central axis and faces the first direction and is parallel to the second direction. It is characterized by comprising a third portion having a substantially quadrangular shape comprising a pair of sides and a pair of sides facing the second direction and parallel to the first direction.

  As a result, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the central axis of the entire vibrator and the chip tool is symmetrical with respect to a line passing through the center of the cross section and parallel to the first direction, and passing through the center of the cross section in the second direction. Axisymmetric with respect to parallel lines. Since the first resonance frequency and the resonance frequency in the second direction of the vibrating body depend on the cross-sectional shapes of the first and second directions in the entire vibrating body and the tip tool, respectively, the resonance in the first direction of the vibrating body The difference between the frequency and the resonance frequency in the second direction can be reduced. As a result, since the same frequency can be input to the first vibrating means and the second vibrating means, it is easy to manage the voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuators in two directions, and the tip bite is surely placed in an elliptical locus. Can be circulated along.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the substantially square shape of the third portion is larger than the substantially square shape of the first portion and is smaller than the substantially square shape of the second portion.
Accordingly, the third portion can amplify the vibration of the second portion and transmit the amplified vibration to the first portion, and the trajectory of the tip bite vibration can be set to a desired size.
In the cutting tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the tip portion is provided with the tip bite and has a defect portion corresponding to the outer shape of the tip bite.
As a result, the cross-section of the entire tip portion with the tip bite attached is symmetrical with respect to the first direction and the second direction, so that the resonance frequency in the first direction of the vibrator and the second The difference from the direction resonance frequency can be reduced.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the tip portion is quenched.
Thereby, the time-dependent deformation | transformation of the front-end | tip part which arises by the difference in the hardness of a tip bit | blade and a front-end | tip part can be made small, while attaching a tip bit to a front-end | tip part and cutting a workpiece.
In the cutting tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the second portion is chamfered at a corner portion around the end surface on the tip end side.
As a result, the tip bite can be reliably circulated along an elliptical locus.
In the cutting tool of the present invention, it is preferable that the third portion is chamfered at a corner portion around the end surface on the tip end side.
As a result, the tip bite can be reliably circulated along an elliptical locus.

In the cutting tool of the present invention, the substantially quadrangular shape of the third portion gradually decreases from the substantially quadrangular size of the second portion toward the substantially quadrangular size of the first portion toward the tip portion. It is preferable to do.
As a result, the third portion can enlarge and transmit the vibration of the second portion to the first portion, and the vibration trajectory of the tip bite can be set to a desired size. In addition, the tip bite can be reliably circulated along an elliptical locus.

Next, a preferred embodiment for carrying out the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view of a cutting tool 1 according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
In the following description, the directions of the coordinate axes as shown in FIG. 1 are used. The direction parallel to the central axis of the vibrating body 10 is the Z-axis direction, the first direction perpendicular to the central axis is the X-axis direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the central axis and the first direction. Is the Y-axis direction.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the cutting tool 1 includes a vibrating body 10 and a vibrating body housing portion 20 that holds the vibrating body 10 so as to vibrate. The vibrating body accommodating portion 20 has a housing structure and can accommodate the vibrating body 10 therein. An opening 201 is provided on the end surface in the Z-axis direction of the vibrating body housing portion 20, and a first portion 110 and a third portion 130 of the vibrating body 10 to be described later protrude therefrom.

In the present embodiment, the vibrating body 10 is supported inside the vibrating body housing portion 20.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, in order to support the vibrating body 10, the pair of side surfaces 204 </ b> X facing the X-axis direction of the vibrating body housing portion 20 are respectively along the longitudinal direction (Z-axis direction). Two support portions 202a are provided (formed). Two support portions 202c are provided (formed) on each of the pair of side surfaces 204Y facing the Y-axis direction of the vibrating body accommodating portion 20 in substantially the same manner as the pair of side surfaces 204X.
Thus, the vibrating body 10 is supported at eight places.
In addition, the vibrator housing unit 20 can extend wirings 124 and 126 described later to the outside of the vibrator housing unit 20 through the through holes 203 provided at the corners thereof.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the vibrating body 10 in a state where the tip bit 101 according to this embodiment is mounted. 4 is a side view of the vibrating body 10 shown in FIG.
The vibrating body 10 includes a first portion 110 to which the tip bit 101 is detachably mounted, a second portion 120 provided with piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y as first driving means and second driving means, The first portion 110 and the second portion 120 are connected to each other, and the third portion 130 is connected. The constituent material of the vibrating body 10 is not particularly limited, but for example, various metal materials can be used.

  A section (transverse section) perpendicular to the central axis of the first portion 110 and the entire tip bit 101 in a state where the tip bit 101 is attached to the vibrating body 10 is substantially rectangular. Each of the substantially square shapes is formed so as to have a pair of sides facing the X axis direction and parallel to the Y axis direction, and a pair of sides facing the Y axis direction and parallel to the X axis direction. .

  A cross section (transverse cross section) perpendicular to the central axis of the second portion 120 has a substantially quadrangular shape. Each of the substantially square shapes is formed so as to have a pair of sides facing the X axis direction and parallel to the Y axis direction, and a pair of sides facing the Y axis direction and parallel to the X axis direction. . In the present embodiment, four corners extending in the Z-axis direction of the second portion 120 are chamfered.

  A cross section (transverse cross section) perpendicular to the central axis of the third portion 130 has a substantially quadrangular shape. Each of the substantially square shapes is formed so as to have a pair of sides facing the X axis direction and parallel to the Y axis direction, and a pair of sides facing the Y axis direction and parallel to the X axis direction. . In the present embodiment, four corners extending in the Z-axis direction of the third portion 130 are chamfered.

  However, the length in the Z-axis direction of the first portion 110 of the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and can be, for example, about 10 to 20 mm. Further, the length of the second portion 120 in the Z-axis direction is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 50 to 75 mm. Further, the length of the third portion 130 in the Z-axis direction is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, about 20 to 40 mm.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the vibrating body 10 of FIG. 3 when viewed in the negative direction of the Z-axis.
As shown in FIG. 5, in the present embodiment, the center of the cross section of the first portion 110 coincides with the center of the cross section of the second portion 120. The center of the cross section of the first portion 110 coincides with the center of the cross section of the third portion 130. That is, the cross section of the first portion 110, the cross section of the second portion 120, and the cross section of the third portion 130 are formed to have the same center.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 3, 4, and 5, by chamfering a corner portion around the end surface of the second portion 120 on the tip end side (positive side in the Z-axis direction), A chamfered portion 127 is formed. Similarly, a chamfered portion 137 is formed by chamfering a corner portion around the end surface of the third portion 130 on the tip end side (positive side in the Z-axis direction).

In the present embodiment, the substantially square shape that is the transverse section of the third portion 130 is larger than the substantially square shape that is the transverse section of the first portion 110. In addition, the substantially square shape that is the transverse section of the third portion 130 is smaller than the substantially square shape that is the transverse section of the second portion 120.
Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the vibrating body 10 has a two-step step horn structure. Thereby, the vibration generated in the second portion 120 can be amplified, and the first portion 110 can be vibrated with a desired amplitude.

  A chip bit 101 for cutting the work material 4 (see FIG. 6) is a chip-shaped cutting blade made of a material having high hardness such as diamond or tungalloy. In the center of the tip bit 101, an insertion hole 101a for attaching the tip bit 101 to the first portion 110 is formed. As shown in FIG. 4, in order to mount the tip bit 101, the tip portion of the first portion 110 has a defective portion 111 corresponding to the outer shape of the tip bit 101. A tip portion of the first portion, to which the tip bit 101 is attached, is referred to as an attachment portion 112 (see FIG. 5).

  The tip bit 101 is detachably attached to the vibrating body 10. Specifically, a screw hole 113 for fixing the tip bit 101 to the attachment portion 112 is formed in the attachment portion 112. The tip bit 101 can be fixed to the first portion 110 by screwing a bolt or the like with the screw hole 113 through the insertion hole of the tip bit 101 described above. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 4, the hatched area | region of the front-end | tip part of a 1st part is the hardening area | region 114 formed by performing partial hardening, for example. The hardness of the hardening area | region 114 can be about Hv600-700 in this embodiment.

As illustrated in FIG. 3, a piezoelectric actuator 122 </ b> X serving as a first vibration unit that vibrates the vibrating body 10 in the X-axis direction that is the first direction is provided on the surface 121 </ b> X that faces the X-axis direction. In addition, a piezoelectric actuator 122Y serving as a second vibration unit that vibrates the vibrating body 10 in the Y-axis direction, which is the second direction, is provided on the surface 121Y facing the Y-axis direction.
The piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y are attached to the second portion 120 with an adhesive. In addition, the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y are affixed to portions that become antinodes of vibration when the vibrating body 10 is vibrated. Contacts 123 are provided at the corners of the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y, respectively. A wiring 124 (lead wire) is electrically connected to the contact 123 by soldering or the like.
Thereby, a voltage can be applied between the plurality of electrodes provided in the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y. The wiring 124 is a twisted pair wire.

The piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y have an electrostrictive effect that deforms the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y when a voltage is applied. By applying an AC voltage to the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y, continuous deformation of the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y is transmitted as vibration to the second portion.
The piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y are manufactured by forming electrode films on both surfaces of a ferroelectric ceramic such as lead zirconate titanate by metal plating or the like.

Vibration sensors 125X and 125Y are attached to the positive surface 121X in the X-axis direction and the positive surface 121Y in the Y-axis direction, respectively. A wiring 126 that is a twisted pair wire is drawn out from both poles of the vibration sensors 125X and 125Y. The vibration sensors 125X and 125Y have the same structure as the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y.
Due to the electrostrictive effect of the vibration sensors 125X and 125Y, the mechanical strain on the surface to which the vibration sensors 125X and 125Y are attached is converted into a voltage corresponding to the amount of strain. This voltage can be output to the outside of the above-described vibrator housing unit 20 via the wiring 126.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the two hatched regions of the second portion 120 are portions that respectively serve as vibration nodes when the vibrating body 10 vibrates. The above-mentioned support portions 202a abut against these regions from both sides in the X axis direction, and the support portions 202c abut from both sides in the Y direction. In addition, each of these regions is a hardened region 128 formed by, for example, a partial quenching process. In the present embodiment, the hardness of the hardened region 128 is about Hv 600 to 700. Thereby, when the support parts 202a and 202c bite into the vibration body 10, the deformation | transformation which a recessed part is formed in the part which contact | abuts the support parts 202a and 202c of the vibration body 10 can be prevented.

  In the above configuration, when an AC voltage of, for example, about 20 kHz is applied to the piezoelectric actuator 122X within a range of a predetermined frequency of about 1 to 500 kHz, a portion that is in contact with the support portions 202a and 202c of the vibrating body 10 is a fulcrum (center). ), Bending vibration is generated in the X-axis direction of the vibrating body 10. Further, when an AC voltage having the same frequency is applied to the piezoelectric actuator 122Y, bending vibration is generated in the Y-axis direction with the portion in contact with the support portions 202a and 202c of the vibrating body 10 as the center. By giving a predetermined phase difference (for example, π / 2) to the voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuator 122X and the voltage applied to the piezoelectric actuator 122Y, the flexural vibration in the X-axis direction and the flexural vibration in the Y-axis direction are generated. By synthesizing, elliptical (circle) vibration can be generated in the chip bit 101. In other words, the vibration generated at the antinode of the vibration of the second portion 120 is amplified by the two-step horn structure of the vibrating body 10, and the tip bit 101 protruding from the first portion 110 is traced to a desired ellipse (circle). Can be circulated along.

In the present embodiment, the amplitude of the chip bit 101 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction is preferably about 0.1 to 100 μm, and more preferably about 1 to 10 μm.
In the present embodiment, a case has been described in which the size of the substantially square shape that is the cross section of the third portion 130 is constant. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is not limited to this. May gradually decrease from the substantially square size of the second portion toward the tip portion to the substantially square size of the first portion.

Next, a vibration cutting apparatus using the cutting tool of this embodiment will be described.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the main part of the vibration cutting device (lathe device).
The vibration cutting apparatus has a lathe 3 that chucks the work material 4 in a rotatable manner, a cutting tool 1, and the cutting tool 1, and can freely change the position of the cutting tool 1 with respect to the work material 4. And a cutting tool holding part 2 capable of

Next, the cutting method of the present invention using the vibration cutting apparatus will be described.
First, the work material 4 is prepared.
As the work material 4, a material having a uniform thickness and free from bending and scratches is preferably used.
The material of the work material 4 is not particularly limited, but for example, copper such as brass, stainless steel such as Hv400, various metals such as iron, nickel, brass, aluminum, titanium, tungsten, carbide, or the like. Examples thereof include alloys and ceramics.
The work material 4 is preferably brass (Bs) or white (Ns) among the above materials. Thereby, at the time of cutting, the freedom degree of shaping | molding of the workpiece 4 increases (easiness of shaping | molding improves).
The work material 4 is attached to the lathe 3.

Next, the cutting tool 1 is attached to the cutting tool holding part 2.
Next, the work material 4 is rotated around the center of a surface (cross section) perpendicular to the X-axis direction of the work material 4. Although it does not specifically limit as this rotation speed, For example, about 10-5000 rpm is preferable and about 50-1000 rpm is more preferable.

Next, a voltage is applied to the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y described above to cause the tip bite 101 to circulate along an elliptical locus. In other words, a cutting portion 101b, which will be described later, is a tip portion of the tip bit 101 and is vibrated along an elliptical locus to cut the workpiece 4 (see FIG. 7).
In the present embodiment, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the cutting tool holding unit 2 is moved at a predetermined feed rate from the outer peripheral portion toward the center of rotation of the workpiece 4 by cutting. The part 101b is moved, and the cutting is performed in a spiral manner like a record reproduction.

The amplitude of vibration (X-axis direction) of the cutting part 101b is preferably about 0.1 to 50 μm, and more preferably about 2 to 10 μm.
Moreover, it is preferable that it is about 0.01-100 mm / min, and, as for the feed rate of the cutting part 101b with respect to the workpiece 4, it is more preferable that it is about 1-60 mm / min.
Moreover, it is preferable that the cutting depth (depth) with respect to the workpiece 4 of the cutting part 101b is about 0.1-100 micrometers, and it is more preferable that it is about 1-10 micrometers.

Hereinafter, the 1st cutting operation concerning this embodiment is explained concretely.
7A to 7C are side views showing a first operation of the cutting unit according to this embodiment. Hereinafter, for convenience of explanation, the upper side in FIG. 7A is referred to as “upper”, the lower side as “lower”, the left side as “left”, and the right side as “right”. 7A to 7C are diagrams schematically showing the recess 40, and do not reflect actual dimensions. That is, the depth (vertical direction) of the concave portion 40 is shown to be larger than the actual depth with respect to the length of the concave portion 40 (horizontal direction).

At the time of cutting, the cutting part 101b of the cutting tool 1 is vibrated along an elliptical locus. Specifically, due to the vibrations of the piezoelectric actuators 122X and 122Y described above, the cutting unit 101b generates a velocity component in the main cutting force direction (cutting direction) (F _H ) and a velocity component in the chip discharge direction (F _C ). The operation which has is performed. Thereby, it is possible to perform a periodic operation of vibrating the cutting portion 101b along an elliptical trajectory in a plane defined by the cutting direction (F _H ) and the chip discharge direction (F _C ). Become.

Next, how the workpiece 4 is cut when the cutting unit 101b described above is vibrated along an elliptical locus will be described.
First, as the lathe 3 rotates, the work material 4 moves to the right in FIG. 7A, and the cutting portion 101b vibrates (moves) in a state of being separated from the work material 4, thereby causing the work piece to move. The position A of the cutting material 4 is reached.

Next, the cutting unit 101b performs cutting by moving (turning) according to an arrow of an elliptical locus in FIG. 7A by vibration. At this time, while the cutting part 101b moves from the point A to the point C through the point B, the work material 4 moves in the right direction in FIG. 40 is formed.
Next, at the point C, the cutting part 101b moves in a direction away from the work material 4 (concave part 40).

Next, until the point D is reached, the cutting part 101b moves upward along the locus of the ellipse, and then moves downward to reach point A again (see FIG. 7C).
At this time, the rotational speed of the lathe 3 (moving speed of the work material 4) (moving) so that the terminal end 45 of the recess 40 formed in the previous round passes through the cutting part 101b without contacting the cutting part 101b. And the vibration frequency and vibration amplitude (vibration conditions) of the cutting portion 101b are adjusted (set) in advance.

As a result, at point C, when the cutting portion 101b is separated from the work material 4 and then the cutting portion 101b is moved again to the point A, a surface (part) 44 that is not cut by the cutting portion 101b on the work material 4 is formed. Remain.
The maximum depth of the recess 40 corresponds to the amplitude of vibration of the cutting part 101b (the length of the long axis in the locus of the ellipse).

  As described above, according to this cutting method, the cutting portion 101b is vibrated along an elliptical trajectory, so that force acts in the direction of lifting the chips 41 generated by cutting as shown in FIG. 7B. At this time, the direction in which the entire cutting force acts is upward (the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7B). By the way, the direction in which the cutting resistance acts is approximately 45 degrees with respect to the shearing surface (maximum shearing stress direction) 42, so the area of the shearing surface 42 is reduced, and the thickness of the chips generated by shearing is greatly increased. getting thin. Moreover, since the force required for cutting is proportional to the area of the shear surface, the cutting force (force required for cutting) can be dramatically reduced. In addition, when the cutting portion 101b vibrates and the rake face (the surface on which the chips 41 rise) 101c of the cutting portion 101b during cutting is cut using, for example, lubricating oil, the lubricating oil is uniformly applied. Is always supplied. Therefore, the frictional resistance of the rake face 101c is reduced, and the workpiece 4 can be cut with a small cutting resistance as a whole. Further, even when cutting is performed without using lubricating oil, the frictional force generated between the rake face 101c and the chips 41 acts in the direction of pulling the chips 41 in the chip outflow direction (Fc) when the cutting portion 101b vibrates. . As a result, an apparently excellent lubricating effect can be obtained, and the workpiece 4 can be cut with a small cutting resistance as a whole. Since the temperature rise of the cutting tool can be prevented by reducing the cutting resistance, for example, a low melting point cutting tool such as a diamond tool can be used. Therefore, according to this cutting method, it is possible to cut a material having a hardness of Hv400 or the like that cannot be cut by a normal method without preparing an expensive dedicated machine, thereby reducing the cost. it can.

Moreover, the recessed part 40 discontinuous with respect to the circumferential direction and radial direction on the work material 4 can be formed easily and reliably. As a result, the work material 4 exhibiting a beautiful light interference pattern is obtained.
In addition, since the finishing accuracy is very high, it is not necessary to separately polish the finished surface. For example, a light interference pattern can be formed on the work material, so that cutting with excellent aesthetic appearance is possible. Processed and decorative products can be manufactured.

In addition, by changing the main spindle rotation speed, feed speed, cutting depth, amplitude, and elliptical vibration direction, which are cutting conditions, various optical interference patterns with different interference widths and interference intensities can be created.
Further, it is possible to provide a high-quality product that can be processed with a simple apparatus configuration even for a relatively large one having a diameter of a cut surface of about 1 mm to several tens of centimeters and that exhibits an optical interference pattern at a low cost. Can do.

  For example, when processing a thin plate such as a dial of a watch, a cutting method that does not apply elliptical vibrations causes the central portion of the dial to bend due to a back force generated during cutting, resulting in low flatness. Therefore, while the predetermined cutting cannot be performed on the dial, in the case of elliptical vibration cutting, as described above, the frictional resistance is reduced, and this back force can be made extremely small ( Therefore, the flatness can be easily increased, and the depth of the concave portion due to the vibration of the cutting portion becomes substantially constant, so that a beautiful light interference pattern can be obtained.

In addition, the surface obtained in this manner has excellent durability of the obtained substrate because the light interference pattern is not lost even if, for example, plating of Ni, Au, or clear coating is applied. Can be.
In the present embodiment, the surface of the work material 4 is spirally cut. However, in the present invention, concentric cutting may be performed. In that case, the cutting part 101b is moved to the inner peripheral side or the outer peripheral side of the work material 4 step by step.

Next, the second cutting operation according to this embodiment will be described.
FIG. 8 is a side view showing a second operation of the cutting unit according to the present embodiment.
Hereinafter, the cutting method of the second embodiment will be described with a focus on differences from the first embodiment described above, and description of similar matters will be omitted.
As shown in FIG. 8, the cutting part 101b in the cutting method of the present embodiment has a velocity component in the main cutting force direction (cutting direction) (F _H ) and a chip discharge direction (back component force direction) (F _V ). The operation having both the velocity component is performed. At this time, the work material 4 is moved at the feed rate described in the first embodiment. Thereby, the recessed part 40 is formed in the cut surface of the work material 4, and the chip 41 is produced | generated. Since the cutting tool 101 has a velocity component in the direction of the back component force, the frictional force generated between the rake face 101c and the chip 41 is generated by the vibration of the cutting part 101b as shown in FIG. It works in the direction of pulling the chip 41 in the chip outflow direction (F _V ). As a result, an apparently excellent lubricating effect can be obtained, and the machinability of the work material 4 can be drastically improved. After cutting while guiding the chip 41 in the chip discharge direction as described above, the tip bite 101 moves again in a direction approaching the workpiece 4 while being away from the chip 41. Such an operation is repeated.
According to this cutting method, the same effect as the cutting method of the first embodiment described above can be obtained.

Next, specific examples of the present invention will be described.
1. Manufacture of vibrator (Example 1)
The vibrating body 10 shown in FIG. 3 was produced. The resonance frequency difference between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the vibrating body was measured.

The constituent materials and dimensions of the vibrating body 10 are as follows.
Material of vibrator 10: Dimensions of super steel vibrator 10:
1st part Z-axis direction length 15mm, transverse section length 4.2mm x width 4.2mm
Second part Length in the Z-axis direction 30 mm, transverse section length 6.0 mm × width 6.0 mm
Third part Length in the Z-axis direction: 64 mm, transverse section: 8.6 mm in length x 8.6 mm in width
(Comparative example)
Except that the chamfered portion 127 of the second portion 120 and the chamfered portion 137 of the third portion 130 were not formed, a vibrating body similar to that of the above example was manufactured.

2. Measurement of Resonant Frequency Vibration was applied to the vibrating bodies of Example 1 and Comparative Example under the following conditions.
Type of vibration: flexural vibration mode: quaternary vibration mode frequency of input voltage: 23.1 kHz in both X-axis direction and Y-axis direction

3. Evaluation In Example 1, the resonance frequency difference of the vibrating body 10 was about 6 Hz, and the resonance frequency difference could be kept within 50 Hz. As a result, the tip bite mounted on the vibrating body 10 of Example 1 moves elliptically.
On the other hand, the resonance frequency difference between the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the vibrating body of the comparative example was about 169 Hz, and the resonance frequency difference could not be kept within 50 Hz. As a result, the tip bite mounted on the vibrating body of the comparative example does not move elliptically.

It is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a cutting tool of the present invention. It is sectional drawing in the AA cut surface of FIG. It is a perspective view of a vibrating body in the state where a tip bit according to this embodiment is mounted. FIG. 4 is a front view of the vibrating body shown in FIG. 3 in the central axis direction. FIG. 4 is a side view of the vibrating body shown in FIG. 3. It is a perspective view which shows the principal part of a vibration cutting apparatus. It is a side view which shows the 1st operation | movement of the cutting part which concerns on this embodiment. It is a side view showing the 2nd operation of the cutting part concerning this embodiment. It is a perspective view of the conventional vibrating body.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Cutting tool 2 ... Cutting tool holding | maintenance part 3 ... Lathe 4 ... Work material 5 ... Conventional vibrating body 10 ... Vibrating body of this embodiment 20 ... Vibrating body accommodating part 40 ... Recessed part 41 ... Chip 42 ... Shear surface 45 ... Termination 101 ... Tip bit 101a ... Insertion hole 101b ... Cutting part 101c ... Rake face 110 ... First part 111 ... Defect part 112 ... Attachment part 113 ... Screw hole 114 ... Hardened area 120 ... Second part 121X, 121Y ... Surface 122X, 122Y ... Piezoelectric actuator 123 ... Contact 124 ... Wiring 125X, 125Y ... Vibration sensor 126 ... Wiring 127, 137 ... Chamfered portion 128 ... Curing region 130 ... Third portion 201 ... Opening 202a, 202c ... Supporting portion 203 ... Through hole 204X, 204Y ... surface 501 ... chip bit 510 ... first part 512 , 512Y ... piezoelectric actuator 520 ... the second portion

Claims (7)

A substantially columnar vibrator,
A tip bite that is detachably attached to the tip of the vibrating body and cuts the work material;
First vibrating means for vibrating the vibrating body in a first direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the vibrating body;
Second vibration means for vibrating the vibrating body in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the vibrating body and the first direction;
A cutting tool in which the tip bite circulates along a substantially elliptical trajectory by operating the first vibrating means and the second vibrating means,
In the vibrating body, a cross section perpendicular to the central axis of the vibrating body and the entire tip bite in a state where the tip bite is attached to the vibrating body is opposed to the first direction with the central axis as a center. And a first portion having a substantially rectangular shape including a pair of sides parallel to the second direction and a pair of sides facing the second direction and parallel to the first direction; ,
The first drive means and the second drive means are provided, and a cross section perpendicular to the central axis has a pair of faces centered on the central axis and facing the first direction and parallel to the second direction. And a pair of sides facing the second direction and parallel to the first direction, and having a substantially quadrangular shape larger than the substantially quadrangular shape of the first portion. 2 part,
The first part and the second part are connected to each other, and a cross section perpendicular to the central axis is centered on the central axis and faces the first direction and is parallel to the second direction. A cutting tool comprising a pair of sides and a third portion having a substantially rectangular shape including a pair of sides opposed to the second direction and parallel to the first direction.   2. The cutting tool according to claim 1, wherein a substantially quadrangular shape of the third portion is larger than a substantially quadrangular shape of the first portion and is smaller than a substantially quadrangular shape of the second portion.   The cutting tool according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tip portion is provided with the tip bite and has a defect portion corresponding to an outer shape of the tip bite.   The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tip portion is quenched.   The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second portion is chamfered at a corner portion around an end surface on the tip end side.   The cutting tool according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the third portion is chamfered at a corner portion around an end surface on the tip end side.   6. The substantially quadrangular shape of the third portion gradually decreases from the substantially quadrangular size of the second portion toward the substantially quadrangular size of the first portion toward the tip portion. The cutting tool in any one.

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