JP2006307595A - Underfloor structural block body having moisture absorbing and effluent characteristics, and its forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an underfloor structural block body and its forming method which can be solidified on the job site, offering excellent moisture absorbing characteristics as a structural body, a small specific gravity and an appropriate strength and, further, permitting its disintegration relatively easily thereby returning it to the soil after the use. <P>SOLUTION: This underfloor structural block body can be made by mixing a 5 to 15 pts.wt. of silt of pit sand, a 15 to 30 pts.wt. of portland cement as an inorganic solidifier and a 0.1 to 0.5 pt.wt. of a nonionic surface active agent all together to a 100 pts.wt. of construction surplus dry black soils with diameters of 0.4 to 0.6 mm ϕ as the main component; and the mixture is formed and solidified in the same forming state by spraying water to the mixture to be formed thereby giving both the moisture absorbing and effluent properties after the solidification. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

In the present invention, construction residual soil mainly composed of black soil is dried on site, an inorganic solidifying agent and charcoal powder are added and mixed, and solidified into a block shape by embossing, and then the block has a high humidity such as under the floor. The present invention relates to an underfloor structure block body that can be laid at a site corresponding to a place, can be easily crushed after use, and can be easily returned to soil, and a molding method thereof.

The construction soil discarded from the construction site has little utility value, and as a slight usage method, it is currently only used as embankment material at other construction sites, but it is too much to be judged, Contractors are forced to transport to landfills and other disposal sites.
In addition, the construction residual soil is mainly black soil in the Kanto Loam Formation, which is close to the surface. When dried, it is very easy to become powdery due to the particle size and particle shape of itself, and it easily rises and scatters due to the influence of wind and the like, is difficult to handle, and has little utility value.
In addition, in the conventional underfloor, the surface soil mainly composed of the black soil or the like generates a great deal of moisture, which dampens the flooring and causes rot, which is a major factor in reducing the durability of the house. On the other hand, recently, a means of laying concrete under the floor has been taken to avoid this, however, since concrete has no hygroscopic property, generation of moisture is unavoidable during the rainy season.
On the other hand, as a prior art, a humidity control method in a building has been proposed in which a raw material containing slaked lime, quicklime and cement and clay is granulated and placed under the floor (Patent Document 1). In addition, there is a proposal of a functional cement hardened body obtained by kneading water and sewage contaminated incineration ash into cement to form a cement slurry to form a porous hardened body (Patent Document 2).
However, these have no structure in consideration of the balance between hygroscopicity and moisture release required as a structure for underfloor, and are insufficient as an underfloor structure.
JP 2002-114556 A JP 2003-2727 A

The present invention pays attention to the black soil itself as the residual soil, solidifies it at the construction site, (1) has excellent moisture absorption and moisture release properties as a solidified structure, and (2) can be molded into a block body at the construction site. And (3) an underfloor structure block body made of an inorganic material that has a small specific gravity, has an appropriate strength when used, and (4) can be crushed relatively easily after use, and is easy to return to the soil, and its A molding method is provided.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an underfloor structure block body according to claim 1, wherein 100 wt parts of construction residual soil mainly composed of dry black soil having a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ is used. On the other hand, a composition mixture comprising 5-15 parts by weight of silt of mountain sand, 15-30 parts by weight of Portland cement, which is an inorganic solidifying agent, and 0.1-0.5 part by weight of a nonionic surfactant. And is solidified as it is in the molded state by watering the molded product, and the solidified product has both moisture absorption and moisture release properties.

In invention of Claim 2, 1-5 weight part of charcoal powder is mixed with 100 weight part of dry black clay.

The invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that the bending strength is 1.5 to 2.5 MPa.

In the invention of the method for forming an underfloor structure block body according to claim 4, mountain sand with respect to 100 parts by weight of construction residual soil mainly composed of dry black soil having a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ dried in the field. 5 to 15 parts by weight of silt, 15 to 30 parts by weight of Portland cement, which is an inorganic solidifying agent, and 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant, are mixed with 15 to 20 parts of water. The composition mixture is placed in a mold, molded by applying a pressing pressure while vibrating the mold, and then demolded and cured.

The invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that a press pressure of 2.94 × 10 ^{5 to} 5.88 × 10 ⁵ Pa is applied for 1 to 2 seconds.

The underfloor structure block body of the present invention is obtained by sieving the particle size of black clay into a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ, blending an appropriate amount of an inorganic solidifying agent as a binder, and the black clay is connected in a porous form, Since it has hygroscopicity and moisture releasing properties, the floor is maintained in a dry state, and moderate moisture retention is maintained during the dry season. Since the block body is porous, the specific gravity is relatively small, 1.2 to 1.3 g / cm ^3, and it is convenient to carry. Since an inorganic solidifying agent is used, the bending strength is 1.5 to 2.5 MPa, and it has an appropriate strength as an underfloor structural block when used.
A structure that transports the processing equipment to the site where the remaining soil has come out and can be molded into a block body as a granular soil on the spot, and if the molded body is flooded with water, it is solidified in its original form and maintains the appropriate strength described above. Can be molded. Therefore, the molded block bodies can be used as they are arranged under the floor of a house or the like. And when processing as a waste material after use, if it crushes with a crusher etc., it will become a granular material easily again, Therefore This can be reused or reduced to natural soil.

Therefore, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to tables and drawings.
The constituent material of the present invention was black soil, mountain sand silt, inorganic solidifying agent, and charcoal powder as main components of construction residual soil, and the inorganic solidifying agent was composed of Portland cement and nonionic surfactant. Hereinafter, characteristics of the constituent materials will be described.

Black soil is a topsoil of volcanic ash that is widely distributed on the plateau in the Kanto region, and it is a light, soft, granular black-brown soil. The black clay is originally clay-like, fine granular, has a large surface area and contains a large amount of water. Such black clay has low air permeability and drainage, and cannot be expected to be drained.
However, one characteristic of the black clay is that it is dried with a kiln or the like to remove moisture as much as possible to a moisture content of 10% or less, and then granulates. Instead, voids are formed between the granules. When the voids are fixed and exist, the water retention and moisture absorption properties are easily developed in the rainy season, and the quality is improved to retain the function of draining the retained water in the dry season. The condition for imparting this function is the particle size of black clay, and the size is selected to be 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ. Black clay having a particle diameter in this range is used as the main material of the present invention.

In some cases, charcoal powder burned at 300 to 400 ° C. is used as an auxiliary material for dry black clay. Since the charcoal powder has a large specific surface area, it is a material that can be expected to improve water retention and water permeability. Moreover, since black soil is acidic soil having a pH of 5 that contains almost no organic matter and has a strong acidity, if more charcoal is used, the acidity is stronger than that of the black soil and exhibits a pH of 4, so that even if the floor is humid, various germs and insects Is unlikely to occur. Therefore, charcoal powder has a high acidity effect even in a small amount, so that a large amount of use is unnecessary.

Mountain sand silt is a fine powder, and its function is that black clay alone has a brittle nature as a structure and tends to weaken as a structure when hardened together with Portland cement. When added, it acts between the black soil and exerts its aggregate function, strengthening the compaction.

Portland cement, the main component of the inorganic solidifying agent, is mixed with mountain sand and surfactant in water to form a binder for binding black soil particles. A block body is formed at. As the block body solidifies, the black clay particles have moderate strength as an underfloor structure, and the bending strength is adjusted to a level that does not increase to the left. At the time of disposal, it can be easily crushed with a crusher or the like.

The nonionic surfactant increases the wettability of the black clay particles and helps to uniformly disperse the black clay particles on the surface. If this dispersion is not uniform, the Portland cement becomes dumpling or lump, and the strength becomes too strong, which is not suitable. A nonylphenyl ether polymer is used as the nonionic surfactant. The mixing ratio is suitably 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight.

From the above, the nonionic surfactant has the role of drawing water to uniformly distribute the water necessary for the hydration reaction of Portland cement to the entire black soil, and the Portland cement adheres to the surface of the black soil substantially. It becomes a uniform binder. Also, the silt of mountain sand helps to compact the black soil. The black clay particles wrapped with the inorganic solidifying agent can form a porous structure, not a dumpling shape, and can maintain an appropriate strength.

Next, a method for forming the underfloor structural block body of the present invention will be described.
Table 1 shows the basic composition of the underfloor structure block body having moisture absorption / release properties of the present invention.

The black clay excavated from the construction site is sieved to remove large stones and glass, and the black clay particle diameter is sieved to a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ. Since the black clay immediately after excavation contains a large amount of moisture, it is put into a dryer such as a kiln to deaerate the moisture content held by the black clay to 10% or less. The water content in the hydration reaction with the inorganic solidifying agent is preferably 1% or less, but it is difficult and unnecessary on site. The amount of water sprayed when the underfloor structure block is formed is not a fixed amount, but is determined by calculating back from the remaining water amount in consideration of the moisture content of dry black clay.
Charcoal powder is excellent in moisture absorption as well as moisture absorption. Wood such as floor pillars and floorboards needs moderate humidity, and when excessively dried, moisture can be given to floor pillars and the like by moisture release from charcoal powder.

For 1000 g of black soil, 100 g of mountain sand silt, 250 g of inorganic solidifying agent Portland cement, 2 g of nonionic surfactant, 20 g of charcoal powder and 150 g of water as necessary are added to the mixer 2 and stirred by the stirring blade 3. A uniform composition mixture 1 is produced (see FIG. 1).

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the mixture is made into an inorganic composition, poured into a wooden frame 5 for collecting four brick-sized pieces, and hung on a press machine 6 to 2.94 × 10 ^{5 to} 5.88. A pressing pressure of × 10 ⁵ Pa was applied for 1 to 2 seconds. At the same time, the entire body is vibrated by the vibrator 7 to achieve close contact as a block, to equalize the block density, and to form the brick-like block body, that is, the underfloor structure block body 4.
The bending strength of the underfloor structure block body of the present invention produced based on the above form is determined by the amount of the inorganic solidifying agent, and the amount that can be easily crushed with a crusher or the like when the underfloor structure block body is discarded If it is in the range of 10 parts to 80 parts of black clay with respect to 10 parts of the system solidifying agent, it is possible to secure a bending strength of 1.5 to 2.5 MPa of the underfloor structure of the present invention. At the same time, the amount that can be easily crushed with a crusher or the like when discarding the underfloor structure is preferably 10 parts per 10 parts of black soil.

Next, the moisture absorbing / releasing function of the underfloor structure block body of the present invention manufactured based on the above embodiment will be described.
During summer and rainy seasons in Japan, where humidity is high, the humidity under the floor of a typical house becomes very high, and the base timber rots and mold grows. Therefore, when the inorganic composition of the present invention has a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ and a constant particle size, a large number of voids having a constant size are formed between the black clay particles, and most adsorbs moisture in the summer rainy season. Can be a void.
On the other hand, the function of diffusing the adsorbed water vapor is exhibited during periods of low humidity such as the winter dry season. In particular, charcoal exhibits an excellent effect in moisture absorption / release function because it has a diameter suitable for entering and exiting water molecules having a pore size of about 12 to 15 μm.
Therefore, by laying the inorganic composition of the present invention under the floor of a house, it is possible to constantly control the humidity even under various climatic conditions for one year and to exert the effect of humidity adjustment by moisture absorption / release.
The black clay which is the main constituent material of the underfloor structural block body of the present invention is sieved to a particle diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ, and an inorganic solidifying agent having a diameter of 0.005 to 0.074 mmφ is blended and mixed as a binder. Sprayed at the construction site. A mixer was used for the mixing.
Portland cement and nonionic surfactants, which are inorganic solidifying agent compositions, are mixed with water and cause a hydration reaction to change into a liquid state, and therefore do not exist as particles. In addition, since the inorganic solidifying agent is thin, it does not fill the voids formed between the particles.
Furthermore, since the silt content of mountain sand is smaller in amount and smaller in particle size than black soil, it becomes scattered. Further, when the silt of mountain sand is inserted as particles between the black soil particles, the amount of particles corresponding to the silt content of the mountain sand spreads between the black clay particles, and hence the voids between the black clay particles are expanded, and the inorganic composition of the present invention is increasingly increased. Increases moisture absorption / exhaust function. FIG. 3 schematically shows an enlarged example of the distribution state of each powder. In this figure, black soil with a uniform and relatively large particle size a, fine particulate mountain sand silt b and charcoal powder c are evenly distributed, and the inorganic solidifying agent d adheres to each particle. This indicates that voids e are randomly formed between the particles by bonding the particles. This gap e is porous, indicating that a necessary amount of water can be adsorbed or stored in the rainy season, and that water can be easily discharged in the dry season.

Further, the inorganic solidifying agent binds the particles of black clay to form a large number of voids. The inorganic solidifying agent solidifies integrally with silt of mountain sand and plays the role of a binder that holds it in a porous form.
However, although Portland cement, which is one component of an inorganic solidifying agent, can maintain a large bonding force between aggregates, it tends to be a dumpling itself and easily fills voids. That is, when the amount of Portland cement is large, Portland cement reacts with water and melts by heat, and completely wraps around black soil and mountain sand silt, etc., easily filling the gap between the main agent and aggregate, As a result, it becomes difficult to ensure water permeability.
Therefore, it is desirable to use as little as possible the amount of Portland cement and mountain sand silt, and at the same time, it is necessary to maintain a certain strength. Accordingly, the blending ratio of Portland cement and mountain sand silt is balanced by setting Portland cement 15-30 parts by weight and mountain sand silt 5-15 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of black soil. If Portland cement is 15 parts or less and the mountain sand silt content is 5 parts or less, the strength of the floor structure is insufficient, and if it is 30 parts or 15 parts or more, the gap is narrow and an appropriate porous state cannot be maintained.

The pathogen elimination function of the inorganic composition of the present invention produced based on the above form will be described.
Since the black clay, which is the most blended material of the present invention, is dried by a dryer at 300 to 400 ° C., it hardly contains organic substances that are hotbeds of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, charcoal is acidic with a pH of 3 to 4, and if this is added, germs and pests are less likely to occur.

The on-site construction situation of the inorganic composition of the present invention manufactured based on the above embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
Underfloor 1 has poor sunlight, moisture 3 rises above ground 2, and moisture 3 'floats in the air. Underfloor 1 is always higher than the humidity of outside air. Therefore, when the underfloor structure block body 4 of the present invention is installed and solidified, the moisture 3 and the moisture 3 'of the underfloor 1 are adsorbed and retained, and the humidity of the underfloor 1 can be kept low. In the case of being dried too much, the water absorbed and retained is released from the underfloor structure block body 4, and a constant humidity can be maintained.

Since the underfloor structure block body of the present invention has a strong acidity, pathogenic bacteria and other germs are difficult to propagate, and it is lightweight and has an appropriate strength. Therefore, it can be used and brought into a target place such as the underfloor structure block body.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a stirring state in an embodiment of the method for forming a paving stone block body of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a pressurized vibration state in the method for forming an underfloor structure block body of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a schematic enlarged view showing the particle distribution in one embodiment of the underfloor structure block body of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view below the floor showing the construction status of the under-floor structure block body of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Underfloor 2 Underground 3,3 'Humidity 4 Underfloor structure block body 5 Wooden frame 6 Press machine 7 Oscillator a Black soil b Silt c Inorganic solidifying agent d Space

Claims (5)

5 to 15 parts by weight of silt of mountain sand, 15 to 30 parts by weight of Portland cement as an inorganic solidifying agent, and 100 parts by weight of construction residual soil mainly composed of dry black soil having a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ A composition mixture formed by mixing 0.1 to 0.5 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant is molded, and solidified in the molded state by watering the molded product, so that the solidified product is hygroscopic and release. Underfloor structure block body characterized by having wettability. The underfloor structure block body according to claim 1, wherein 1 to 5 parts by weight of charcoal powder is mixed with 100 parts by weight of dry black clay. Bending strength is 1.5-2.5MPa, The underfloor structure block body of any one of Claim 1 or 2 characterized by the above-mentioned. 5 to 15 parts by weight silt of mountain sand and Portland cement 15 as an inorganic solidifying agent for 100 parts by weight of construction residual soil mainly composed of dry black soil having a diameter of 0.4 to 0.6 mmφ dried on site -30 parts by weight and nonionic surfactant 0.1-0.5 parts by weight are mixed with 15-20 parts of water to form a composition mixture. The composition mixture is placed in a mold, and the mold is vibrated. A method for forming an underfloor structural block, which is formed by applying a pressing pressure and then demolding and curing. 4. The method for forming an underfloor structure block body according to claim 3, wherein 2.94 × 10 ^{5 to} 5.88 × 10 ⁵ Pa is applied as a pressing pressure for 1 to 2 seconds.

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