JP2006198377A - Wheelchair band brake - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small and lightweight wheelchair band brake provided with a reverse rotation prevention device and a parking brake device capable of obtaining stable braking under any circumstances such as flat ground, uphill, downhill, and rainy weather. With the goal.
A wheel brake for a wheelchair, which is formed concentrically with an axle 1 at one end of a hub 2 and brakes by rotating a brake drum 3 rotating together with the axle 1 with a brake band 83, is applied to the brake drum 3. A pair of annular members 4 having tooth portions 40 provided on the outer peripheral edge thereof are fixed to the central portion of the base plate portion 32 to prevent reverse rotation R of the brake drum 3 constantly biased toward the center of the axle 1 by an elastic member 73. The first pawls 6 and 6 and the pair of second pawls 60 and 60 for preventing the forward rotation P and the reverse rotation R of the brake drum 3 from being connected to and separated from the annular body 4 by rotating the rotating plate 53. It is that it was arranged.
[Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a wheel brake for a wheelchair in which the outer peripheral surface of the brake drum is braked by tightening a brake band in order to prevent the wheel of the wheelchair from rotating. ”, Rotation in this direction is“ reverse rotation ”, counterclockwise rotation is“ left direction ”, and rotation in this direction is called“ forward rotation ”). In addition, the present invention relates to a wheelchair band brake provided with a parking brake device that maintains a reverse rotation stop state.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, wheelchair band brakes are designed to wind and brake an outer peripheral surface of a brake drum that rotates together with an axle by an inner peripheral surface of a brake lining attached to the inner peripheral surface of the brake band.

  That is, one end of a brake band disposed so as to surround the outer periphery of the brake drum is set in a fixed state, and the other end in a free state is tightened for braking.

  The brake drum at the time of forward rotation of the wheel rotates from the fixed end of the brake band toward the other free end through the intermediate portion. When the brake is applied during the forward rotation of the wheel, the free end side of the brake band comes into close contact with the brake band so that the brake drum is braked.

  In other words, during the forward rotation of the wheel, the rotational force of the brake drum acts on the brake band tightening side, and a self-tightening effect at the time of braking, the so-called servo effect, is produced, thereby obtaining a sufficient braking force.

  However, when the wheel of the wheelchair is prevented or stopped on an uphill, the band brake is in close contact so that the brake band wraps around the brake drum when the wheel rotates forward, and exerts a servo effect. At the time of reverse rotation of the wheel, since the rotation of the brake drum acts to peel off the brake band from the brake drum, there is a disadvantage that the reverse rotation of the wheel (brake drum) cannot be reliably stopped by the band brake.

  In order to eliminate such inconvenience, the configurations disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 can be employed. In these prior arts, the reverse prevention device and the band brake are integrally provided. In Patent Document 1, the retraction prevention device is composed of a ratchet drum and a cam-type claw. In Patent Document 2, the retraction prevention device is composed of engagement teeth and a swinging claw member formed on the drum. In the forward rotation, the drum rotates smoothly without resistance, but in the reverse reverse rotation, the drum and the cam-type pawl or the swinging claw member engage to stop the rotation. Further, since it is accelerated and dangerous on the downhill, a band brake of a type in which a brake band is wound around the drum and tightened to prevent this acceleration is used.

  In these devices, the reverse prevention device has no hindrance to the advance of the uphill and prevents only the reverse, and the band brake device has the function of preventing the acceleration on the downhill, so that the care recipient can operate with peace of mind. There are advantages you can do.

  However, in the above prior art, a swingable lever is provided on the wheelchair frame, which is a known parking brake device for maintaining the stopped state of the wheel, and this lever is connected to the wheel tire in the vicinity. A device for fixing the rotation of the wheel by pressing the provided brake plate against the wheel tire must be provided, and the wheelchair must be equipped with two types of brake devices.

  In addition, the known parking brake device applies the brake by directly pressing the outer peripheral portion of the tire with the brake plate. Therefore, when the pressing force is small, the contact surface with the tire is slippery and the braking force is weakened. When the pressure is high, the tire is likely to be deformed or worn, and in particular, when running in the rain or when the tire air pressure is insufficient, there is a phenomenon that the braking force is greatly reduced. Further, when the wheel diameter is changed when the wheel is changed, the mounting position of the known parking brake device must be changed according to the changed wheel. Furthermore, since the brake device itself is large and exposed to the outside, there is a disadvantage that the beauty of the wheelchair is impaired.

    JP 2001-327543 A     JP 2004-267362 A

  The present invention is intended to solve the above-described inconveniences, such as a reverse rotation prevention device and a parking brake device that can obtain stable braking under any circumstances such as flat ground, uphill, downhill, and rainy weather. An object is to provide a small and lightweight wheelchair band brake having both functions.

  The means of the present invention for solving the above problem is that, in the invention of claim 1, the brake band 83 is used to rotate the brake drum 3 formed concentrically with the axle 1 at one end of the hub 2 and rotating together with the axle 1. In a wheelchair band brake that is braked by tightening, an annular body 4 provided with a tooth portion 40 on the outer peripheral edge is fixed to a central portion of the base plate portion 32 of the brake drum 3, and a center direction of the axle 1 is always fixed by an elastic member 73. The pair of first claws 6 and 6 that prevent the reverse rotation of the brake drum 3 biased by the two and the pair of second claws 60 and 60 that prevent both the forward and reverse rotations of the brake drum 3 have a long diameter. A rotating plate 53 having an outer periphery in which a pair of arcuate mounting portions 54 on the side and a pair of linear sliding contact portions 55 inclined toward the mounting portion 54 on the short diameter side face each other. By the movement A wheelchair band brake, characterized in that arranged on the shaped body 4 and separable freely bracket 5.

  In the invention of claim 2, a pin hole 70 into which the pin 7 is inserted is drilled at one end of the first claws 6, 6 and the second claws 60, 60, and toward the side wall 82 of the housing 8. A cylindrical nail head 61 projects from the first claw head 61 toward the outer peripheral edge of the annular body 4. The first claw 6, 6 has a triangular engagement claw 62. 2. The wheelchair band brake according to claim 1, wherein the two claws 60 are provided with a rectangular parallelepiped fitting claw 65 that can be fitted into the groove 43 of the annular body 4.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, the first claws 6, 6 and the second claws 60, 60 are arranged to face each other in a posture rotated 180 degrees along the outer peripheral edge of the annular body. The wheelchair band brake according to claim 1 or 2.

  The operation of the above means will be described. First, the state in which the claw heads of the first claw and the second claw are in contact with the mounting portion of the rotation plate is the initial state of the rotation plate, the first claw, and the second claw. The claw head at this initial position is in a state of being aligned in a straight line substantially horizontally with the mounting portion and is not in mesh with the teeth of the annular body. Therefore, the neutral state, that is, the brake drum is in a forward and reverse rotatable state.

  When the rotating plate is rotated forward or backward until it contacts the pin of the second claw, which is the end point of rotation, the claw heads of the first claw and the second claw are urged toward the center of the axle by the elastic member. Therefore, the slider slides from the mounting portion to the sliding contact portion following the rotation of the rotating plate. As a result, the engaging claw of the first claw and the engaging claw of the second claw rotate around the pin and mesh with the teeth of the annular body, thereby preventing forward and reverse rotation of the brake drum. It becomes a so-called parking brake state.

  When the rotating plate in the initial position is rotated forward and the claw head of the second claw is in a position in contact with the mounting portion of the rotating plate, the claw head of the first claw is an elastic member. Is urged toward the center of the axle by the movement of the rotation plate, and slides from the mounting portion to the sliding contact portion. As a result, the engaging claw of the first claw rotates around the pin and stops until it engages with the tooth portion of the annular body. For this reason, when the brake drum attempts to reversely rotate, the reverse rotation is automatically prevented to prevent the rotation.

  Since the present invention has the above-described configuration, it has the following specific effects. If the parking brake device is used while the wheel is stopped, it will exert braking force and lock the wheel without touching the tire, regardless of whether the wheel is rotating forward or backward. A stable braking force can always be obtained under any circumstance such as downhill or rainy weather. Moreover, even when the diameter of the wheel is changed, it is not necessary to change the mounting position in accordance with the changed wheel as in the known parking brake device, so that labor can be saved. In addition, by providing a band brake, the caregiver or caregiver can control the acceleration of the wheelchair downhill, so that safe driving is ensured and the wheelchair is lifted uphill by having a reverse rotation prevention device. The risk of slipping when traveling on the road is prevented and safe driving is promised. In addition, since the reverse rotation prevention device and the parking brake device are integrated with a known band brake, a compact, small and light configuration is achieved, and the aesthetics of the wheelchair is improved. And so on.

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
A hub 2 in which a bearing 12 is internally fitted by a ball push 10 and a ball push nut 13 is fitted to the axle 1, and a wheel is rotatably supported on the axle 1 by the hub 2. The flange 20 formed at one end of the hub 2 is provided with a spoke hole 21 for engaging a spoke connecting the rim and the hub 2 at the outer peripheral end thereof. On the other hand, a housing 8 on which a reverse rotation prevention device and a parking brake device are mounted is fastened to the other end of the hub 2 by an axle nut 14 so as to enclose the brake drum 3 concentrically with the axle 1. Yes.

  The brake drum 3 is a cylindrical body composed of a peripheral wall 30 extending from the peripheral edge of the base plate portion 32, and an annular body 4 having a tooth portion 40 at the outer peripheral edge at the central portion of the base plate portion 32 is an axle. Concentric with 1 The outer peripheral surface 31 of the peripheral wall 30 is a friction surface of a brake band 83 that brakes by tightening the rotation of the brake drum 3.

  Forward and reverse rotation of the pair of first claws 6 and 6 and the brake drum 3 that prevent reverse rotation of the brake drum 3 that can mesh with the teeth 40 of the annular body 4 constituting the reverse rotation prevention device and the parking brake device. A pair of second claws 60, 60 are connected by a cylindrical pin 7 comprising a threaded portion 71 engraved with an external thread and a smooth surface portion 72 whose peripheral surface is a smooth surface. The screw portion 71 is inserted into the screw hole 80 in the side wall 82 of the housing 8 and screwed to the pin nut 81 to be fixed to the housing 8. On the other hand, the smooth surface portion 72 is rotatably fitted to the pin holes 70 of the first claw and the second claw and its end portion is connected to the bracket 5. The diameter of the central hole 52 is set to be slightly larger than the outer diameter of the annular body 4 so as not to contact the tooth portion 40.

  The bracket 5 is disk-shaped and has a central hole 52 formed in the center thereof, and the end of the smooth surface portion 72 of the pin 7 is fixed to the peripheral disk portion 57 by fixing means such as welding. The first claw holes 50 and 50 and the second claw holes 51 and 51 are formed.

  The first claws 6 and 6 and the second claws 60 and 60 are formed by wire springs wound around a pin 7, one end of which is adjacent to the pin 7 and the other end locked to the claw head 61. The elastic member 73 is always urged toward the center of the axle 1, and can be brought into and out of contact with the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4 by the rotation of the rotating plate 53, and parallel to the axial direction of the axle 1. It is pivotally supported.

  The rotating plate 53 is formed with a pair of mountain-shaped large protrusions 58 projecting greatly in opposite directions on opposite side portions on the long diameter side, and the first claw 6, A pair of arcuate placement portions 54 on which the claw heads 6 of the 6 and second claws 60 and 60 are placed are respectively formed. Small protrusions 59 that are located between the large protrusions 58 and that protrude in a direction opposite to each other are formed integrally on opposite side portions on the short diameter side, and the small protrusions 59 and the large protrusions 58 are placed thereon. On the four surfaces between the left and right end portions of the portion 54, the claw heads 6 of the first claws 6, 6 and the second claws 60, 60 are gradually narrowed from the small protrusion 59 to the large protrusion 58. A linear sliding contact portion 55 inclined to each other is formed, and a shaft hole 56 through which the axle 1 is inserted is formed in the center portion thereof. The rotating plate 53 is arranged in a state of straddling the surfaces of the first claws 6 and 6 and the second claws 60 and 60 on the claw head 61 side and can be rotated concentrically with the axle 1. Have been loosely inserted. Then, the rotation of the rotation plate 53 is set to be the end point of rotation when the mounting portion 54 comes into contact with the pins 7 of the first claws 6 and 6 and the second claws 60 and 60. In addition, the length of the mounting portion 54 is set to be longer than the protruding lengths of the engaging claws 62 of the first claws 6 and 6 and the fitting claws 65 of the second claws 60 and 60. Therefore, when the engaging claws 62 of the first claws 6 and 6 and the fitting claws 65 of the second claws 60 and 60 are placed on the placing portion 54, they do not mesh with the tooth portion 40.

  The positional relationship between the first claws 6 and 6 connected to the bracket 5 will be described using a clock face. One of the first claws 6 is arranged at a position between 12 o'clock and 3 o'clock on the clock face. The other first claw 6 is disposed oppositely in a state of being rotated 180 degrees along the outer peripheral edge of the annular body 4, that is, a clock character that is opposed to the disk portion 57 of the bracket 5 in a mirrored form. It is arranged at a position between 6 o'clock and 9 o'clock on the board. A claw head 61 that protrudes toward the housing 8 is provided in a cylindrical shape at the end of the first claw 6, 6 opposite to the pin hole 70 into which the pin 7 is inserted. A triangular engagement claw 62 formed with a hypotenuse 64 inclined from the lower end of the abutment 63 extending from the outermost side toward the peripheral wall 30 of the brake drum 3 projects toward the outer periphery of the annular body 4. It is installed. The plurality of teeth 40 regularly formed on the outer peripheral edge of the annular body 4 meshing with the engaging claws 62 have a convex shape, and the groove 43 having a concave shape formed by the teeth 40. And the engaging claws 62 of the first claws 6 and 6 can be engaged with each other.

  Therefore, in this state, when the brake drum 3 rotates forward P, the slant side portion 64 of the engaging claw 62 of the first claw 6 and the left wall 41 of the tooth portion 40 slide against the urging force of the elastic member 73. When the tooth portion 40 and the tip of the oblique side portion 64 of the engaging claw 62 come out of sliding contact with each other, the engaging claw 62 of the first claws 6 and 6 and the right wall of the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4 are moved. 42 and the contact portion 63 mesh with each other in a contact state, and brake the reverse rotation R of the brake drum 3.

  Hereinafter, similarly, when the brake drum 3 rotates forward P, the rotation is allowed, but against the reverse rotation R, the engaging claw 62 of the first claw 6 is automatically applied by the urging of the elastic member 73. And the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4 mesh with each other, and the reverse rotation R of the brake drum 3 is prevented.

  Further, the positional relationship between the second claws 60 and 60 will be described using the clock face as in the case of the first claws 6 and 6. One of the second claws 60 is arranged at a position between 9 o'clock and 12 o'clock on the clock face. Then, the other second claw 60 is arranged in a state of being rotated 180 degrees along the outer peripheral edge of the annular body 4, that is, in the form reflected in the mirror, 3 of the opposing clock face on the disk portion 57 of the bracket 5. It is arranged at a position between 6:00 and 6:00. A claw head 61 projecting toward the housing 8 is provided at the end of the second claw 60, 60 opposite to the pin hole 70 into which the pin 7 is inserted, and on the outer periphery of the annular body 4. A fitting claw 65 protruding toward the projection is provided. The tooth portion 40 formed on the outer peripheral edge of the annular body 4 meshing with the fitting claw 65 is formed in a convex shape as described above. The fitting claws 65 of the second claws 60 and 60 are formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape substantially the same as the shape of the groove part 43 having a concave shape formed by the tooth part 40, and can be fitted to the groove part 43.

  Accordingly, in this state, when the brake drum 3 is rotated forward P or reversely rotated R, the brake drum 3 is rotated by fitting the fitting claws 62 of the second claws 60, 60 into the groove 43 of the annular body 4. It will be in the locked state, and the brake drum 3 will be in the parking brake state which cannot perform forward rotation and reverse rotation.

  On the other hand, in the band brake, a brake band 83 is attached to the inner peripheral portion of the housing 8 so as to be press-contactable to the outer peripheral surface 31 of the brake drum 3 in the same manner as the known band brake configuration. The outer peripheral surface 31 of the brake drum 3 is configured to be press-contactable via a brake wire or the like that is connected to a brake lever or the like mounted at a location, and braking can be performed by operating the brake lever or the like as necessary. ing.

  The operation relationship between the first claw and the sixth and sixth second claws 60, 60 of the wheelchair band brake 9 of the present invention having the above configuration and the rotating plate 53 will be described with reference to FIG. First, FIG. 6A is a diagram in which the brake drum 3 is in a forward rotation and reverse rotation free state, and the first claws 6, 6 and the second claws 60 are placed on the placement portions 54, 54 of the rotation plate 53. , 60 of the claw heads 61 are in contact with each other, and the lengths of the mounting portions 54, 54 are the protrusions of the engagement claws 62 of the first claws 6, 6 and the fitting claws 65 of the second claws 60, 60. Since the length is set to be longer than the length, the engaging claw 62 and the fitting claw 65 are separated from the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4. At the initial positions of the first claws 6 and 6 and the second claws 60 and 60 and the rotating plate, the brake drum 3 is in a neutral state in which the forward rotation and the reverse rotation are possible.

  Next, FIG. 6B is a view showing a state where the brake drum 3 is in a parking brake state in which forward rotation and reverse rotation are impossible, and the rotation plate 53 at the initial position is rotated forward P to rotate. The engaging claws of the first claws 6, 6 and the second claws 60, 60 that have been placed on the placing portions 54, 54 are rotated until they contact the pins 7 of the second claws 60, 60 that are the end points. 62 and the fitting claw 65 are engaged with the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4. In this state, a so-called parking brake state in which the forward and reverse rotations of the brake drum 3 are prevented is obtained.

  Although not shown, the rotation plate 53 at the initial position is reversely rotated R so that the claw heads 61 of the first claws 6 and 6 are in contact with the mounting portion 54 of the rotation plate 53. At this time, the fitting claws 65 of the second claws 60 and 60 mesh with the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4, and even in this state, a so-called parking brake state in which the forward and reverse rotations of the brake drum 3 are prevented. Further, when the rotation plate 53 at the initial position is reversely rotated R and rotated until it contacts the pin 7 of the first claw 6, 6 that is the end point of rotation, the engagement claw 62 of the first claw 6, 6. Meshes with the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4, and the rotating plate 53 is rotated until it contacts the pin 7 of the second pawl 60, 60, which is the rotation end point of the normal rotation P. In the same manner as described above, the engagement claw 62 and the engagement claw 65 are in a so-called parking brake state in which the forward rotation and the reverse rotation of the brake drum 3 are prevented in a state where the engagement claw 62 and the engagement claw 65 are engaged with the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4.

  Finally, FIG. 6C is a view in which the brake drum 3 is free to rotate only in the forward direction and cannot be rotated in the reverse direction. The rotating plate 53 in the initial position is rotated forward P to rotate the second pawl. The mounting portion 54 of the rotation plate 53 is in contact with the claw heads 61 of the 60 and 60, and the claw heads 61 of the first claws 6 and 6 are not in contact with the sliding contact portion 55 of the rotation plate 53. In this state, the contact portion 63 of the engagement claw 62 of the first claws 6 and 6 is in contact with the right wall 42 of the tooth portion 40 of the annular body 4. In this state, when the brake drum 3 rotates in the reverse direction R, the contact portion 63 is pressed against the right wall 42, so that the reverse rotation R of the brake drum 3 is blocked.

  In addition, although the means to rotate the rotation plate 53 is not shown in figure, you may use the mechanism or link mechanism which pulls with the well-known wire. That is, the shape and mechanism are not particularly limited as long as the rotation plate 53 can be rotated. Moreover, it is good also as a means to extend and rotate the operating rod fixed to the rotation plate 53 to the position which a user can operate.

  The wheelchair band brake 9 provided with the reverse rotation prevention device and the parking brake device described above is disposed at symmetrical positions on the wheels on both sides of the wheelchair, and is formed with symmetrical shapes and dimensions.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, For example, when the number of a tooth part, a 1st and 2nd nail | claw etc. is increased, or a tooth part, a 1st and 2nd nail | claw, rotation The shape of the plate or the like can be changed within the scope of the object of the present invention.

  The use of the wheel brake for the wheelchair of the present invention includes a self-propelled type in which the person being assisted himself operates the wheelchair, an assisting type in which the assistant grasps and pushes the handgrip mounted on the back of the wheelchair, and a self-propelled type Any wheel can be used as long as it is a combined wheelchair wheel combined with an assisting type, or a wheel used for other bicycles, vehicles, and the like.

  It is sectional drawing of the principal part of the band brake for wheelchairs of this invention.   FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the wheelchair band brake shown in FIG. 1.   It is a disassembled perspective view of the band brake for wheelchairs of this invention.   It is a disassembled perspective view of the principal part of the band brake for wheelchairs of this invention.   (B) is a 2nd nail | claw, (C) is an enlarged view of a cyclic | annular body of the band brake for wheelchairs of this invention.   It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between the 1st nail | claw of the band brake for wheelchairs of this invention, a 2nd nail | claw, and a rotation plate, (A) is a figure in which a brake drum is in a normal rotation and reverse rotation free state, (B) is FIG. 6C is a diagram showing a parking brake in which the brake drum cannot be rotated forward and backward, and FIG. 6C is a diagram in which the brake drum is free only for forward rotation and in a state where reverse rotation is impossible.

Explanation of symbols

  1: Axle, 10: Cone, 11: Male thread, 12: Bearing, 13: Cone nut, 14: Axle nut, 2: Hub, 20: Flange, 21: Spoke hole, 3: Brake drum, 30: Circumferential wall, 31 : Outer peripheral surface, 32: substrate portion, 33: spoke hole, 4: annular body, 40: tooth portion, 41: left wall, 42: right wall, 43: groove portion, 44: shaft hole, 5: bracket, 50: first 1 claw hole, 51: second claw hole, 52: center hole, 53: rotating plate, 54: placement portion, 55: sliding contact portion, 56: shaft hole, 57: disk portion, 58: large protrusion, 59 : Small projection, 6: first claw, 60: second claw, 61: claw head, 62: engagement claw, 63: abutment part, 64: oblique side part, 65: fitting claw, 7: pin, 70 : Pin hole, 71: screw part, 72: smooth surface part, 73: elastic part 8: Housing, 80: Screw hole, 81: Pin nut, 82: Side wall, 83: Brake band, 9: Band brake, P: Forward rotation (rotation counterclockwise), R: Reverse rotation (clockwise direction) Rotation to)

Claims (3)

  In a wheelchair band brake that is formed concentrically with the axle 1 at one end of the hub 2 and brakes by rotating the brake drum 3 rotating together with the axle 1 with a brake band 83, the base plate portion 32 of the brake drum 3 is used. A pair of first claws 6 are fixed to the center portion of the ring member 4 having a tooth portion 40 provided on the outer peripheral edge thereof, and prevent reverse rotation of the brake drum 3 constantly biased by the elastic member 73 toward the center of the axle 1. , 6 and a pair of second pawls 60, 60 that prevent the forward and reverse rotations of the brake drum 3 from being placed on the short diameter side and the pair of mounting portions 54 that are arcuate on the long diameter side. A pair of linear sliding contact portions 55 inclined toward the portion 54 are arranged on the bracket 5 so as to be able to contact with and separate from the annular body 4 by rotation of a rotation plate 53 having an outer periphery facing each other. Car Child for the band brake.   A pin hole 70 into which the pin 7 is inserted is drilled at one end of each of the first claws 6 and 6 and the second claws 60 and 60, and a cylindrical claw head is formed at the other end toward the side wall 82 of the housing 8. 61 is provided on the claw head 61 in the direction of the outer peripheral edge of the annular body 4. The first claw 6, 6 is provided with a triangular engagement claw 62, and the second claw 60, 60 is provided with The wheelchair band brake according to claim 1, wherein a rectangular parallelepiped fitting claw 65 capable of fitting into the groove portion 43 of the annular body 4 is provided.   The first claws 6 and 6 and the second claws 60 and 60 are arranged to face each other in a posture rotated by 180 degrees along the outer peripheral edge of the annular body in pairs. The wheelchair band brake described in 1.

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