JP2006149148A - Generator - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a generator which requires no power feeding mechanism to supply an electric current to the winding of a rotor from outside. <P>SOLUTION: A generator 1 comprises a stator 10 which comprises an output winding L11 and a rotor 11 which comprises an excitation winding L21, with the rotor 11 provided with a diode D1 connected parallel to the winding L21. When the rotor 11 rotates to change a magnetic flux, a magnetomotive force occurs with the stator 10 and the rotor 11, for a current to the windings L11 and L21. A magnetic flux occurs by the current at the stator 10 and the rotor 11, and an attracting force or repulsive force is generated between them. When the rotor 11 moves against the attraction force or repulsive force, the magnetomotive force occurs on the stator 10 and the rotor 11, causing a current that acts for power generation on the winding L11 and the winding L21. The change in magnetic flux that passes the winding L21 causes the magnetomotive force at the winding L21, causing a current flowing from the cathode side of the diode D1 to the winding L21, with the magnetic flux caused by the current acting to flow a power generation current in the winding L11. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a generator that generates AC power, and more particularly to a generator that does not require a special supply mechanism for supplying current from the outside to a winding of a rotor.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a generator that generates an induced electromotive force in a winding disposed in a stator by a rotating magnetic field generated by a rotor to obtain an output voltage is known. In such a generator, a rotating magnetic field is generated by exciting a winding provided in the rotor by supplying a direct current from the outside or by using a permanent magnet for the rotor ( For example, see Patent Document 1).

JP-A-11-285144

  The generator of Patent Document 1 is known as a self-excited generator, and includes a power supply mechanism having a slip ring and a brush that contacts the slip ring from a winding provided separately from an output winding on the stator side. An excitation current is supplied to the winding of the rotor via the.

  In the self-excited generator of Patent Document 1, a power feeding mechanism including an electrical contact mechanism (slip ring and brush) for feeding power from the stator side winding to the rotor side winding is necessary. The electric circuit mechanism for exciting the child becomes complicated. The life of the generator is also limited by the electrical contact mechanism.

  On the other hand, a generator using a permanent magnet for the rotor is generally considered to be unsuitable as a generator (for example, a generator for wind power generation) where a small starting torque is desired because the rotation start becomes heavy.

By the way, among the conventional generators, the induction generator does not require excitation in the rotor windings, but it does not generate power unless it is linked to the system and the rotor is rotated at a speed exceeding the synchronous rotation. Have.
Moreover, in the conventional generator, when the rotor of the generator is driven to rotate, an output voltage is always output to the output terminal regardless of whether or not a load is connected to the output terminal. Therefore, sufficient care must be taken in handling the generator so that the user does not get an electric shock through the open output terminal during the rotation of the generator.
Furthermore, in the conventional generator, when an excessively heavy load is applied, the rotating shaft that supports the rotor is in an extremely heavy torque state. For this reason, there is a risk of serious failure such as the rotating shaft being twisted by the rotational driving force transmitted from the drive system, and the stator and rotor windings being burned out by excessive current.

  In addition, in conventional generators, the generator rotor is supported from the drive system in order to maintain a constant output voltage when the load is suddenly changed from a light load to a heavy load during constant speed operation. It is necessary to increase the generated power by increasing the rotational torque transmitted to the rotating shaft. The generated power can be increased by making the excitation action of the rotor more powerful. However, for this measure, as described in Patent Document 1, for example, another power feeding mechanism for increasing the current flowing through the rotor windings must be provided on the stator side.

  In a generator using a permanent magnet for the rotor, the strength of the magnetic flux generated by the rotor cannot be changed according to the state of the connected load. Therefore, if the load is changed from a light load to a heavy load during constant speed operation, the output voltage of the generator inevitably decreases, and this voltage decrease cannot be dealt with by increasing the rotational torque of the generator. .

  As described above, in the conventional self-excited generator, a power supply mechanism including an electrical contact mechanism between the stator and the rotor is essential for supplying an excitation current from the stator side to the rotor winding. Met. In addition, considerable consideration was required regarding the safety of the generator when there is no load (when the output terminal is released) and when the load is heavy. Further, in order to keep the output voltage constant when the load suddenly changes, it is necessary to provide a special power supply mechanism on the stator side for increasing the current flowing through the rotor windings. Furthermore, the generator using a permanent magnet for the rotor has a problem that the rotation start is heavy.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a generator that does not require a power feeding mechanism for supplying current to the windings of the rotor from the outside.
An object of the present invention is to provide a generator that does not require excitation for supplying a current from the outside and independently generates electric power regardless of the rotation speed in a single operation without system linkage.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a generator in which safety at the time of no load and heavy load is greatly improved.
Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to provide a generator that can quickly follow a sudden change in load, or can obtain a stable output voltage that is not easily affected by the sudden change in load.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a generator that can be easily started.

  The invention according to claim 1 is a stator having an output winding, a rotor having an excitation winding, a rectifier disposed on the rotor and connected in parallel to the excitation winding, and An output terminal that outputs an electromotive force induced in the output winding by a rotating magnetic field generated by the rotor, and the rotor includes the exciting winding and the rectifying means in parallel as an exciting current path. It includes a connected unidirectional current path.

  According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the first aspect, the rotor is a one-way device in which a first winding and a first rectifier are connected in parallel as the current path for excitation. A first current path, and a unidirectional second current path in which a second winding and a second rectifying means are connected in series, wherein the second current path is the first current path. A current in the same direction as the current in the first current path is supplied to the first winding.

  According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the second aspect, the second winding is disposed at a position delayed by a predetermined electrical angle with respect to the first winding. And

  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the third aspect, the second winding is disposed at a position delayed by about 120 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the first winding. It is characterized by.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the second aspect, the rotor further includes a third winding and a third rectifying means connected in series as an exciting current path. 3 current paths, wherein the third current path supplies a current in the same direction as the current of the first current path to the first winding in the first current path. Features.

  According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the fifth aspect, the second winding and the third winding are located at different predetermined electrical angle delayed positions with respect to the first winding. It is characterized by being arranged respectively.

  According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the sixth aspect, the second winding is located at a position delayed by about 120 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the first winding. The windings are respectively disposed at positions that are delayed by about 60 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the first winding.

  According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the first aspect, the rotor is a unidirectional first in which a first winding and a first rectifier are connected in parallel as an exciting current path. Current paths, and second to n-th current paths each composed of a unidirectional current path in which a winding and a rectifying means are connected in series, each of the second to n-th current paths being The current in the same direction as the current in the first current path is supplied to the first winding in the first current path. Here, n is an integer of n ≧ 4.

  According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the eighth aspect, the windings included in the second to n-th current paths are delayed by a predetermined predetermined electrical angle with respect to the first winding. It is characterized by being arranged at each position.

  In a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the generator according to the ninth aspect, the i-th winding (i = 2,..., N) included in the second to n-th current paths is the first It is characterized in that each of the windings is disposed at a position that is approximately ((180 / n) × (i−1)) degrees behind the electrical angle.

  The invention according to claim 11 is the generator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 5 or 8, wherein the inductive component, the capacitive component, or the inductive component and the capacitive component are connected in series or in parallel with the output end. The composite component connected to is connected.

  According to the generator of the present invention, a stator having an output winding, a rotor having an excitation winding, a rectifier disposed on the rotor and connected in parallel to the excitation winding, and the rotor And an output terminal that outputs an electromotive force induced in the output winding by the rotating magnetic field generated by the rotor, and the rotor is a one-way connection in which the excitation winding and the rectifier are connected in parallel as an excitation current path. Since the current path is included, only the current in one direction flows from the terminal on one side of the rectifier to the excitation winding. Therefore, since the exciting winding of the rotor does not act to prevent the change of magnetic flux that generates an induced electromotive force corresponding to the reverse direction of the rectifying means, the rotor from one pole of the stator to the rotor. The incoming magnetic flux easily passes through the stator and the rotor is magnetized. In addition, in the excitation winding of the rotor, the induced electromotive force is not affected by a change in magnetic flux that causes an induced electromotive force in which the terminal on one side of the rectifier is positive and the terminal on the other side is negative. Since it corresponds to the forward direction of the rectifying means, a current flows in a direction from the terminal on one side of the rectifying means toward the excitation winding, and a magnetic flux in a direction from one pole of the stator toward the rotor is generated in the rotor. . As a result, only one direction of magnetic flux is generated in the rotor, with one being the S pole and the other being the N pole.

  In this way, the rotor generates a unidirectional magnetic flux without supplying a current to the excitation winding of the rotor. Therefore, magnetomotive force is generated in each of the stator and the rotor due to the change in magnetic flux caused by the rotation of the rotor. This magnetomotive force causes a current to flow through the stator winding and the rotor excitation winding, and a magnetic flux is generated in the stator and the rotor, so that an attractive force or a repulsive force is generated between the stator and the rotor. .

  When the rotor moves by rotation and the rotor tries to move away from one pole of the stator against the attractive force between the stator and the rotor, magnetomotive force is generated in the stator and the rotor. When the rotor approaches the other pole of the stator against the repulsive force between the stator and the rotor, a magnetomotive force is generated in the stator and the rotor. In the middle region between the pair of stator poles, the rotor moves away from one pole of the stator while approaching the other pole. In this intermediate region, the rate of change of magnetic flux passing through the rotor excitation winding (rate of change of magnetic flux received by the rotor excitation winding by the stator flux) is relatively large compared to the vicinity of the pole, A large electromotive force is generated in the excitation winding, and a current flows in the direction from the terminal on one side of the rectifier to the excitation winding. The magnetic flux generated by this current flowing through the rotor's excitation winding acts on the stator, generating a magnetomotive force in a direction that prevents the change (decrease) in the magnetic flux of the output winding of the stator, and outputs the stator. A current that acts as power generation is passed through the winding. Moreover, the change (decrease) in the magnetic fluxes of the stator and the rotor due to the rotor approaching the other pole of the stator (the magnetic flux of the rotor and the magnetic flux of the stator are in a repulsive relationship). A magnetomotive force is generated in the direction of obstruction. Due to this magnetomotive force, a current in the direction still acting as power generation flows in the output winding of the stator and the excitation winding of the rotor. When the stator and the rotor are separated, the stator and the rotor are attracted, but a magnetomotive force is generated in a direction that prevents the change (decrease) in the magnetic flux of the stator and the rotor due to the separation. A current flows through the output winding of the stator and the excitation winding of the rotor, and this current generates a magnetic flux in a direction that prevents the magnetic flux from decreasing. The direction in which this current flows is a generated current.

  In the generator of the present invention, the rotor includes, as an exciting current path, a unidirectional first current path in which the first winding and the first rectifying means are connected in parallel; A unidirectional second current path in which the winding and the second rectifying means are connected in series, and the second current path is first with respect to the first winding in the first current path. When a current in the same direction as the current in the current path is supplied, the current flowing through the second winding is also supplied to the first winding (excitation winding) of the rotor, so that excitation is enhanced. The power generation output can be improved.

  When the second winding is disposed at a position that is delayed by a predetermined electrical angle with respect to the first winding, an intermediate region between the pair of poles of the stator is moved to the second winding as the rotor rotates. When the coil moves, an electromotive force is generated in the second winding due to a change in magnetic flux passing through the second winding (change in magnetic flux received by the second winding due to the magnetic flux of the stator). Since the current is supplied from the wire to the first winding, it is advantageous in improving the power generation performance. In particular, when the second winding is arranged at a position that is approximately 120 degrees behind the first winding in electrical angle, the exciting winding of the moving rotor is a pair of stators. Even when it is located in the vicinity of the pole, current is supplied to the first winding, so that excitation is further strengthened and power generation output can be further improved.

  Furthermore, in the generator according to the present invention, the rotor further includes, as an exciting current path, a unidirectional third current path in which a third winding and a third rectifying means are connected in series. When the current path is configured to supply a current in the same direction as the current in the first current path to the first winding in the first current path, in addition to the current flowing in the second winding, Since the current flowing through the third winding is also supplied to the first winding (excitation winding) of the rotor, excitation is further strengthened and the power generation output can be further improved.

  When the second winding and the third winding are respectively arranged at different predetermined electrical angle delayed positions with respect to the first winding, the second winding and the third winding are moved along with the rotational movement of the rotor. As each of the three windings moves in the intermediate region of the pair of poles of the stator, the change in magnetic flux past the second winding or the third winding (the second winding by the stator flux). (Changes in magnetic flux received by the third winding), electromotive forces are generated in the second winding and the third winding, respectively, and current is supplied from these windings to the first winding. This is further advantageous in improving the power generation performance. In particular, the second winding is at an electrical angle of about 120 degrees with respect to the first winding, and the third winding is at about 60 degrees with respect to the first winding. When each of the exciting windings of the moving rotor is not located in the intermediate region between the pair of poles of the stator, and even in the vicinity of the poles, when the configuration is arranged at each of the delayed phases, Since the current is supplied from these windings to the first winding, the excitation is further enhanced and the power generation output can be further improved.

  In the generator of the present invention, the rotor includes, as an exciting current path, a unidirectional first current path in which the first winding and the first rectifying means are connected in parallel, the winding and the rectifying means, Are connected to each other in series, and each of the second to n-th current paths includes a first winding in the first current path. A configuration may be adopted in which a current in the same direction as the current in the first current path is supplied to the line (where n is an integer of n ≧ 4). In this case, since the current flowing through each of the windings included in the second to nth current paths is also supplied to the first winding (excitation winding) of the rotor, the excitation is further strengthened and the power generation output is further improved. Can be made.

  Here, if the windings included in the second to n-th current paths are respectively arranged at different predetermined electrical angle delayed positions with respect to the first winding, the rotation of the rotor causes the first When each of the 2nd to nth windings moves in an intermediate region between the pair of poles of the stator, each winding is caused by a change in magnetic flux passing through each winding (change in magnetic flux received by each winding by the stator magnetic flux). Since an electromotive force is generated in each of the windings and a current is supplied from each winding to the first winding, it is further advantageous in improving the power generation performance. In particular, the i-th winding (i = 2,..., N) included in the second to n-th current paths is approximately ((180 / n) in electrical angle with respect to the first winding. ) × (i-1)) When arranged at positions that are delayed in phase, when the exciting winding of the moving rotor is not located in the intermediate region between the pair of poles of the stator, Even when located in the vicinity of the pole, current is supplied from these multiple windings to the first winding (excitation winding), so that excitation is further enhanced and the power generation output can be further improved. it can.

  In the generator of the present invention, in a configuration in which an inductive component, a capacitive component, or a composite component in which an inductive component and a capacitive component are connected in series or in parallel is connected in parallel with the output end, according to a change in load, A moderate delay or advance can be produced in the phase of the output current of the generator. As a result, it is possible to obtain characteristics in which the output voltage (load voltage) is unlikely to fluctuate even when the load suddenly increases or decreases in the generator.

  The above-described advantages and other advantages of the present invention will be disclosed in detail through the accompanying drawings and the description of the embodiments of the generator to which the present invention is applied.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a generator 1 according to a first embodiment to which the present invention is applied. As shown in FIG. 1, the generator 1 includes a stator 10 and a rotor 11.
The stator 10 includes an output winding L11 and an iron core 12. When the output winding L11 is wound around the iron core 12 in a predetermined direction, the electric angle corresponds to an electrical angle of 0 ° and an electrical angle of 180 °. A pair of poles are formed that are fixed at the positions where they are positioned.
The rotor 11 has an iron core 13, an excitation winding L21, and a diode D1. The rotor 11 is supported rotatably with respect to the stator 10 in such an arrangement relationship that the pole of the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 faces the pole of the iron core 12 of the stator 10. The exciting winding L21 is configured by winding a winding conductor around the iron core 13. A diode D1 is connected in parallel to both ends of the exciting winding L21 to constitute an exciting electric circuit.
Note that FIG. 1 illustrates the stator 10 so that the pair of poles face the same direction (downward) for convenience, but in an actual generator, the pair of poles has an electrical angle of 180 °. A predetermined physical angle corresponding to (for example, 180 ° for two poles) is formed and disposed inside the cylindrical generator. Moreover, about the rotor 11, only one pole of the iron core 13 which comprises a pair of pole is shown simply, and the other pole is abbreviate | omitting illustration. Further, in the present embodiment, the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 is configured in a comb shape as will be described later, and is arranged radially around the rotation axis of the rotor with a predetermined physical angle interval. Is.

  FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of the exciting electric circuit 21 provided in the rotor 11 of the generator 1. In the electric circuit 21 shown in FIG. 2, the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 is connected to one end (start of winding) of the excitation winding L21, and the anode of the diode D1 is connected to the other end (end of winding) of the excitation winding L21. Side terminals are connected.

  In the electric circuit 21 configured as described above, the excitation winding L21 is passed through the diode D1 from the end of the excitation winding L21 to the winding start direction of the excitation winding L21 (in the forward direction of the diode D1). Current flows, but current does not flow in the opposite direction (current flows only in the direction from the start of winding to the end of winding inside the excitation winding L21). That is, the electric circuit 21 of the rotor 11 has a one-way current path from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21. Accordingly, a unidirectional magnetic flux is generated along the iron core of the rotor 11 in which the electric circuit 21 is disposed, with one pole face (upper side) being the S pole and the other pole face (lower side) being the N pole. However, since the direction of the current flowing through the excitation winding L21 is always only in one direction, a magnetic flux in the opposite direction is not generated and the pole is not reversed.

  FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing the winding state of the output winding L11 on the stator 10 side in the generator 1 according to the first embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The stator 10 forms a pair of poles arranged at positions different from each other by 180 ° in electrical angle by the iron core 12 as described above. As shown in FIG. 3, the pair of poles is wound clockwise around the iron core 12 on the one hand using a single winding conductor, and counterclockwise (counterclockwise) around the iron core 12 on the other hand. It can be configured by winding in a clockwise direction. In FIG. 3, only a pair of poles is shown as the stator 10. However, a generator having a multi-pole (for example, 4-pole, 6-pole) stator may be used as in the case of a normal generator.

  FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view showing a winding state of the excitation winding L21 around the iron core 13 on the rotor 11 side in the generator 1 according to the first embodiment to which the present invention is applied. The rotor 11 has a comb-like iron core 13, and slots 14 are formed between the iron cores 13. The winding conductor is wound around the plurality of comb-shaped iron cores 13 so as to be housed in the slots 14, thereby forming the excitation winding L21. Specifically, one winding conductor constituting the excitation winding L21 is wound around the iron core 13 in a clockwise direction (clockwise) with one magnetic pole as the winding start 15 side. The other pole disposed at a position that is 180 degrees behind the magnetic angle of the other magnetic pole is wound around the iron core 13 so as to be wound counterclockwise (counterclockwise). Accordingly, when a current flows from the winding start 15 to the winding end 16 in the excitation winding L21, the rotor 11 is excited, and the winding start side magnetic pole surface of the excitation winding L21 is the S pole and the winding end side magnetic pole surface. Produces a magnetic flux in the direction of N.

An outline of the operation of the generator 1 configured as described above will be described below.
In the generator 1, since the diode D1 is connected in parallel to the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11, a current (forward current) from the cathode terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21 flows. However, no current flows from the anode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21. That is, only a one-way current from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21 flows through the excitation winding L21. Therefore, the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is opposite to both ends of the excitation winding L21 against a change in magnetic flux that generates an induced electromotive force in which the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 is positive and the anode side terminal is negative. In other words, since it is in an open state and does not act to prevent such a change in magnetic flux, the magnetic flux directed from one pole of the stator 10 to the rotor 11 easily moves through the iron core 13 around which the excitation winding L21 is wound. Passing through, the rotor 11 is magnetized. In addition, in the exciting winding L21 of the rotor 11, the induced electromotive force is applied to a change in magnetic flux that generates an induced electromotive force in which the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 is negative and the anode side terminal is positive. Since this corresponds to the forward direction of the diode D1, a current flows from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21, and the rotor 11 has the same direction (the output winding L11 shown in FIG. In the winding example of the winding L21, a magnetic flux in a direction from one pole of the stator 10 toward the rotor 11 is generated. As a result, the rotor 11 generates only a one-direction magnetic flux having one magnetic pole surface (upper side) as the S pole and the other magnetic pole surface (lower side) as the N pole.

  In this way, the rotor 11 generates a unidirectional magnetic flux without supplying a current to the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11. Therefore, magnetomotive force is generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11 due to the change in magnetic flux caused by the rotation of the rotor 11. This magnetomotive force causes a current to flow through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11, and a magnetic flux is generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11. A suction force or repulsive force is generated between them.

  When the rotor 11 moves by rotation and the rotor 11 tries to move away from one pole of the stator 10 against the attractive force between the stator 10 and the rotor 11, the stator 10 and the rotor 11 are moved to each other. Magnetomotive force is generated. When the rotor 11 approaches the other pole of the stator 10 against the repulsive force between the stator 10 and the rotor 11, magnetomotive force is generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11. When the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 moves in the middle region between the pair of poles of the stator 10, the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 (the magnetic flux of the stator 10 The rate of change of magnetic flux received by the excitation winding L21 is relatively large compared to the vicinity of the pair of poles. Therefore, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 moves in this intermediate region, a magnetomotive force is generated in the rotor 11 in a direction that prevents the change of the magnetic flux, and the electric circuit 21 is generated by the electromotive force generated by the magnetomotive force. Current flows in the direction from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21. The magnetic flux generated by this current flowing through the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 acts on the stator 10 to generate a magnetomotive force in a direction that prevents the change (decrease) in the magnetic flux of the output winding L11 of the stator 10. A current that acts as power generation is passed through the output winding L11 of the stator 10. Further, when the rotor 11 approaches the other pole of the stator 10, a magnetomotive force is generated in a direction that prevents changes (decreases) in the magnetic fluxes of the stator and the rotor. Due to this magnetomotive force, a current that still acts as power generation flows through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11. When the stator 10 and the rotor 11 are separated from each other, the stator 10 and the rotor 11 are attracted, but a magnetomotive force is generated in a direction that prevents a change (decrease) in the magnetic flux of the stator 10 and the rotor 11 due to the separation. This magnetomotive force causes a current to flow through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11, and this current generates a magnetic flux that prevents the magnetic flux from being reduced. It becomes current. In this way, the generated current flowing through the output winding L11 flows as an output current through the load L connected to the output terminals 19 and 20.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the generator 2 in the second embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
The generator 2 shown in FIG. 5 is obtained by applying the electric circuit 22 shown in FIG. 6 as an exciting electric circuit disposed in the rotor 11 in the generator 1 shown in FIG. Accordingly, circuit elements and the like configured in the same manner as the generator 1 in FIG.

  FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of the excitation electric circuit 22 disposed in the rotor 11 of the generator 2. An electric circuit 22 shown in FIG. 6 is obtained by connecting a series circuit of a diode D3 and a winding L23 in parallel to the electric circuit 21 shown in FIG. Accordingly, circuit elements and the like configured in the same manner as the electric circuit 21 in FIG.

  In the electric circuit 22, the cathode side terminal of the diode D3 is further connected to the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 in the electric circuit 21 shown in FIG. 2, and one end (start of winding) of the winding L23 is connected to the anode side terminal of the diode D3. The other end (winding end) of the winding L23 is connected to the anode side terminal of the diode D1. Here, the coil | winding L23 is arrange | positioned with respect to the exciting coil | winding L21 in the position which carried out the electrical angle 120 degree phase-lag. The arrangement relationship between the excitation winding L21 and the winding L23 can be, for example, as shown in FIG. 9 cited in the description of a third embodiment to be described later.

In the electric circuit 22 configured as described above, a current flows through the excitation winding L21 from the end of the excitation winding L21 through the diode D1 in the direction of starting winding (in the forward direction of the diode D1). It does not flow in the direction (in the excitation winding L21, current flows only in the direction from the start to the end of winding). In the series circuit of the diode D3 and the winding L23, a current flows from the start of winding of the winding L23 to the end of winding through the diode D3 (in the forward direction of the diode D3), but the current flows in the opposite direction. There is no current inside the winding L23 only in the direction from the end of winding to the start of winding. That is, the electric circuit 22 of the rotor 11 includes a unidirectional current path from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 to the excitation winding L21, and a unidirectional current path from the winding L23 through the diode D3 to the excitation winding L21. It has.
Therefore, the current flowing through the winding L23 is supplied to the excitation winding L21 as a current in the same direction as the current flowing in one direction through the excitation winding L21 through the diode D1.

An outline of the operation of the generator 2 configured as described above will be described below.
In the generator 2, the diode D1 is connected in parallel to the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11, so that no current flows from the anode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21. For this reason, the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is resistant to the change in magnetic flux that causes an induced electromotive force in which the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 is positive and the anode side terminal is negative. Since both ends are in an open state and do not act to prevent such a change in magnetic flux, the magnetic flux from one pole of the stator 10 toward the pole of the rotor 11 is the iron core 13 around which the excitation winding L21 is wound. And the rotor 11 is magnetized. Further, current flows in the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 in the direction from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21, and the current flowing through the winding L23 is the cathode side terminal of the diode D1. To the exciting winding L21 in the same direction as the current. Since the poles of the rotor 11 are excited by the current in one direction, the rotor 11 is fixed in the same direction as described above (in the winding example of the output winding L11 and the excitation winding L21 shown in FIG. 5) Magnetic flux in the direction from one pole of the child 10 toward the rotor 11 is generated. As a result, only one direction of magnetic flux is generated at the pole of the rotor 11 with one magnetic pole face (upper side) being the S pole and the other magnetic pole face (lower side) being the N pole.

  From the above, also in the generator 2, as in the generator 1 shown in FIG. 1, the rotor 11 generates a unidirectional magnetic flux without supplying current to the excitation winding L <b> 21 of the rotor 11. To do.

In the generator 2, since the current flowing through the winding L <b> 23 is also supplied to the excitation winding L <b> 21 of the rotor 11, the generator 2 is advantageous in terms of power generation performance compared to the generator 1. That is, since the winding L23 is disposed at a position delayed by a predetermined electrical angle (here, electrical angle 120 °) with respect to the excitation winding L21, an intermediate region between the pair of poles of the stator 10 is provided. When the winding L23 moves, the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through the winding L23 (the rate of change of the magnetic flux received by the winding L23 due to the magnetic flux of the stator 10) is large, and an electromotive force is generated in the winding L23. A current is supplied from the line L23 to the excitation winding L21. Therefore, even when the exciting winding L21 of the moving rotor 11 is not located in the middle region between the pair of poles of the stator 10, and even in the vicinity of the poles, current is supplied to the exciting winding L21. The excitation is strengthened. As a result, the power generation output can be improved.
Except for the above, the outline of the operation of the generator 2 is the same as the operation of the generator 1 shown in FIG.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the generator 3 in the third embodiment to which the present invention is applied.
The generator 3 shown in FIG. 7 is obtained by applying the electric circuit 23 shown in FIG. 8 as an electric circuit for excitation disposed in the rotor 11 in the generator 1 shown in FIG. Accordingly, circuit elements and the like configured in the same manner as the generator 1 in FIG.

  FIG. 8 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of the excitation electric circuit 23 provided in the rotor 11 of the generator 3. An electric circuit 23 shown in FIG. 8 is obtained by adding a series circuit of a diode D2 and a winding L22 to the electric circuit 22 shown in FIG. Accordingly, the circuit elements and the like configured in the same manner as the electric circuit 22 in FIG.

  In the electric circuit 23, the cathode side terminal of the diode D2 is further connected to the connection point between the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 and the cathode side terminal of the diode D3 in the electric circuit 22 shown in FIG. 6, and the anode side terminal of the diode D2 is connected to the anode side terminal of the diode D2. Is connected to one end (end of winding) of the winding L22, and the other end (start of winding) of the winding L22 is connected between the anode side terminal of the diode D1 and the other end (end of winding) of the winding L23. Yes. Here, the winding L22 is disposed at a position delayed by 60 ° in electrical angle with respect to the excitation winding L21.

In the electrical circuit 23 configured as described above, the series circuit of the diode D2 and the winding L22 is connected in the direction from the winding end of the winding L22 to the winding start of the winding L22 through the diode D2 (forward direction of the diode D2). Current) flows, but current does not flow in the opposite direction (current flows only in the direction from the start of winding to the end of winding in the winding L22). That is, the electric circuit 23 of the rotor 11 includes a unidirectional current path from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21, and a unidirectional current path from the winding L23 through the diode D3 to the excitation winding L21. And a one-way current path from the winding L22 to the excitation winding through the diode D2.
Therefore, in the electric circuit 23, the current flowing through the winding L23 and the current flowing through the winding L22 are respectively the same direction as the current flowing in the excitation winding L21 through the diode D1, and the excitation winding L21. To be supplied.

  FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram schematically showing the arrangement relationship of the excitation winding L21, the winding L22, and the winding L23 together with the iron core 12 of the stator 10 and the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 in the generator 3. In FIG. 9, a pair of poles constituted by the iron core 12 of the stator 10 and a comb-like iron core 13 of the rotor 11 are both arranged in the horizontal direction for convenience of explanation. In an actual generator, the pair of poles of the stator 10 are formed in a cylindrical shape by forming a predetermined physical angle (for example, 180 ° for two poles) so as to correspond to positions that differ by 180 ° in electrical angle. The comb-like iron cores 13 of the rotor 11 arranged in the generator are arranged radially around the rotation axis of the rotor with a predetermined physical angle interval.

The excitation winding L21, winding L22, and winding L23 are wound around the comb-shaped iron core 13 of the rotor 11 with an electrical angle shifted by 60 °. That is, the winding L22 is disposed at a position delayed by 60 ° in electrical angle with respect to the excitation winding L21, and the winding L23 is 120 ° in electrical angle with respect to the excitation winding L21 (in the winding L22). In contrast, the electrical angle is 60 °).
The winding state of the exciting winding L21, winding L22, and winding L23 around the iron core 13 is the same as that shown in FIG. That is, one winding conductor constituting each winding is wound around the iron core 13 in a clockwise direction (clockwise) with one pole as a winding start side, and an electrical angle is formed from the one pole. The other pole disposed at a position that is delayed by 180 ° is wound around the iron core 13 counterclockwise (counterclockwise) with the winding end side as the other end. Regarding the stator 10, the winding state of the output winding L11 around the iron core 12 is the same as that shown in FIG.

An outline of the operation of the generator 3 configured as described above will be described below.
In the generator 3, the diode D1 is connected in parallel to the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11, so that no current flows from the anode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21. For this reason, the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is resistant to the change in magnetic flux that causes an induced electromotive force in which the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 is positive and the anode side terminal is negative. Since both ends are in an open state and do not act to prevent such a change in magnetic flux, the magnetic flux directed from one pole of the stator 10 to the rotor 11 easily passes through the iron core 13 around which the excitation winding L21 is wound. And the rotor 11 is magnetized. Further, in the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11, a current flows in a direction from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21, and a current flowing through the winding L23 and a current flowing through the winding L22 are Is supplied in the same direction as the current from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 toward the exciting winding L21. Since the rotor 11 is excited by the current in one direction, the rotor 11 has the same direction as the above (in the winding example of the output winding L11 and the excitation winding L21 shown in FIG. Magnetic flux in the direction from one of the poles toward the rotor 11 is generated. As a result, the rotor 11 generates a unidirectional magnetic flux having one magnetic pole surface (upper side) as the S pole and the other magnetic pole surface (lower side) as the N pole.

  From the above, in the generator 3 as well as the generator 1 shown in FIG. 1, the rotor 11 generates a unidirectional magnetic flux without supplying current to the excitation winding L <b> 21 of the rotor 11. To do.

In the generator 3, in addition to the current flowing through the winding L <b> 23, the current flowing through the winding L <b> 22 is also supplied to the excitation winding L <b> 21 of the rotor 11, so the generator 2 is more advantageous in terms of power generation performance than the generator 1. It is. In other words, the windings L23 and L22 disposed at positions delayed by two different predetermined electrical angles move as the windings L23 and L22 move respectively in the intermediate region between the pair of poles of the stator 10. Since the rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through (the rate of change of the magnetic flux received by the windings L23 and L22 by the magnetic flux of the stator 10) is large, an electromotive force is generated in each of the windings L23 and L22, A current is supplied to the line L21. Accordingly, even when the exciting winding L21 of the moving rotor 11 is not located in the intermediate region between the pair of poles of the stator 10, and even when located near the poles, these windings are transferred to the exciting winding L21. Since current is supplied, excitation is further enhanced. As a result, the power generation output can be further improved.
Except for the above, the outline of the operation of the generator 3 is the same as the operation of the generator 1 shown in FIG.

[Fourth Embodiment]
Although the generators 1, 2, and 3 using the electrical circuits shown in FIGS. 2, 6, and 8 have been described as the electrical circuits for excitation disposed in the rotor 11, the number of series circuits of windings and diodes Of course, it is possible to adopt another electric circuit configuration in which the number is further increased. That is, a configuration in which a series circuit of three or more windings and a diode is connected in parallel with the diode D1 in the electric circuit in which the excitation winding L21 and the diode D1 shown in FIG.

  FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of another exciting electric circuit 24 disposed in the rotor. The electric circuit 24 shown in FIG. 10 is similar to the electric circuit 21 shown in FIG. 2 in the series circuit of the diode D2 and the winding L22, the series circuit of the diode D3 and the winding L23, and the series circuit of the diode D4 and the winding L24. The series circuit of the diode D5 and the winding L25, the series circuit of the diode D6 and the winding L26, the series circuit of the diode D7 and the winding L27, and the series circuit of the diode D8 and the winding L28 are connected in parallel. It is what. Accordingly, circuit elements and the like configured in the same manner as the electric circuit 21 in FIG.

  In the electric circuit 24, one end (end of winding) of the winding L22 is connected to the anode side terminal of the diode D2. Similarly, one ends (winding ends) of the windings L23, L24, and L25 are connected to the anode side terminals of the diodes D3, D4, and D5, respectively. One end (start of winding) of the winding L26 is connected to the anode side terminal of the diode D6. Similarly, one end (start of winding) of the windings L27 and L28 is also connected to the anode side terminals of the diodes D7 and D8. ing. In the series circuit of the diode and the winding thus configured, the cathode side terminal of the diode is connected to the cathode side terminal of the diode D1, and the other end (start of winding or winding end) of the winding is the anode side of the diode D1. Connected to the terminal. Here, the winding L22 is disposed at a position delayed by 22.5 ° in electrical angle with respect to the excitation winding L21, and the winding L23 is delayed by 22.5 ° in electrical angle with respect to the winding L22. Similarly, the windings L24, L25, L26, L27, and L28 are arranged at positions that are delayed by 22.5 ° with respect to the adjacent windings L23, L24, L25, L26, and L27, respectively. Is done.

In the electric circuit 24 configured as described above, the series circuit of the diode D2 and the winding L22 is connected in the direction from the winding end of the winding L22 through the diode D2 to the winding start of the winding L22 (in the forward direction of the diode D2). ) Current flows, but current does not flow in the opposite direction (in the winding L22, current flows only in the direction from the start to the end of winding). The direction of this current is the same for the series circuit of the diode D3 and the winding L23, the series circuit of the diode D4 and the winding L24, and the series circuit of the diode D5 and the winding L25.
In the series circuit of the diode D6 and the winding L26, a current flows from the start of winding of the winding L26 to the end of winding of the winding L26 through the diode D6 (forward direction of the diode D6). No current flows in the direction (in the winding L26, current flows only in the direction from the end of winding to the start of winding). The direction of this current is the same for the series circuit of the diode D7 and the winding L27 and the series circuit of the diode D8 and the winding L28.
That is, the electric circuit 24 of the rotor 11 includes a unidirectional current path from the cathode side terminal of the diode D1 to the excitation winding L21, and a unidirectional current path from the winding L22 through the diode D2 to the excitation winding L21. In the same manner, a total of eight current paths including one-way current paths from the winding L28 to the excitation winding L21 through the diode D8 are provided.
Accordingly, in the electric circuit 24, the current flowing through the windings L22 to L28 is supplied to the excitation winding L21 as a current in the same direction as the current in one direction flowing through the excitation winding L21 through the diode D1.

  Even when the electric circuit 24 is used as the electric circuit for excitation disposed in the rotor 11, the rotor 11 is in the same direction as the current from the cathode terminal of the diode D1 toward the excitation winding L21. It is excited by the currents flowing through the supplied windings L22 to L28. As a result, the rotor 11 generates only one direction of magnetic flux, one of which is the S pole and the other is the N pole.

  From the above, the excitation electric circuit disposed in the rotor 11 is further generalized, and is directed from the cathode side terminal of the first diode (diode D1) to the first winding (excitation winding L21). A directional first current path and a unidirectional second current from the second winding (winding L22) through the second diode (diode D2) to the first winding (excitation winding L21). In the same manner, the current path is configured to include a unidirectional nth current path from the nth winding through the nth diode to the first winding (excitation winding L21). Obviously we can do it. Here, n is an integer of n ≧ 4.

  Experiments have confirmed that a smoother output current (AC waveform) can be obtained as the number of windings of the exciting electric circuit disposed on the rotor 11 of the generator is increased.

  In the above generalized electrical circuit for excitation, the i-th windings (i = 2,... N) included in the second to n-th current paths are It is very advantageous to improve the power generation performance if they are respectively arranged at positions that are approximately ((180 / n) × (i-1)) degrees behind the electrical angle.

  Although the outline of the configuration and operation of the generator to which the present invention is applied has been described based on the first to fourth embodiments, the present invention will be described in accordance with the power generation principle of the generator to which the present invention will be described in detail below. The operation of the invention will be understood more clearly.

[Power generation principle of generator linked to grid]
The power generation principle of the power generator to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 11 to FIG. 15 by taking as an example the case where the power generator 2 shown in FIG. Here, grid linkage is an operation method in which a generator is connected to an electric power system of an electric power company, and the generator is electrically connected to commercial power, and usually the electric power generated by the generator is supplied to the load to be private. Although it is consumed, if the power supplied to the load is insufficient, the power is supplied from the power system, and the power can be supplied from the generator to the power system.

FIG. 11 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is near an electrical angle of −30 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is the shown schematic diagram.
The generator 2 has commercial power 25 connected to its output terminals 19 and 20, and is linked to the system. Accordingly, a system voltage having a predetermined frequency and phase is supplied from the commercial power 25 between the output terminals 19 and 20 of the generator 2, and a predetermined voltage and a predetermined voltage are supplied from the commercial power 25 according to the power generation state of the generator 2. The system current is configured to be supplied to the output winding L11 on the stator 10 side. In addition, when the generator 2 is system-linked, the rotational speed of the rotating shaft is adjusted so as to generate an output voltage synchronized with the commercial power 25.

When the exciting winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of −30 °, when the system current is flows through the output winding L11 in the direction shown in the figure as shown in the figure, this current causes a pair of stator 10 A magnetic flux is generated in the pole in the direction of the arrow indicated by the alternate long and short dash line. This magnetic flux is in the process of decreasing according to the movement of the rotor 11 due to the rotation (that is, according to the change with time of the system voltage), but the N pole is generated from one pole of the stator 10 toward the rotor 11. .
The winding L23 disposed on the rotor 11 is disposed at a position delayed by 120 ° in electrical angle with respect to the excitation winding L21. For this reason, when the excitation winding L21 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of −30 °, the winding L23 is at a position of an electrical angle of −150 °. The induced electromotive force is generated in the winding L23 due to the change of the magnetic flux passing through the winding L23, and the current i3 is supplied from the winding L23 to the exciting winding L21 through the diode D3 by the induced electromotive force. By the current i3 flowing through the excitation winding L21, the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 (as shown, the core portion around which the excitation winding L21 is wound is referred to as “the pole of the rotor 11”. The magnetic flux in the direction indicated by the broken line is generated, and the S pole is generated at the pole of the rotor 11 (upper surface in FIG. 11) facing one pole of the stator 10. This corresponds to excitation of a winding disposed on the rotor of the generator.
On the other hand, a magnetic flux in the same direction as the magnetic flux is also generated in the iron core 12 of the stator 10 due to the influence of the magnetic flux generated in the rotor 11. A magnetomotive force is generated in a direction (a direction indicated by a white arrow in FIG. 11) that prevents the change of the magnetic flux generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11 in the direction in which the change occurs. Is a suction force between the stator 10 and the rotor 11. Accordingly, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of −30 °, the rotor 11 approaches the stator 10 so as to follow this attractive force as the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation. The generator 2 functions as a “motor”, and this state continues until the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 reaches an electrical angle of 0 °.

FIG. 12 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is the shown schematic diagram.
When the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 °, the system voltage is almost zero, but the phase (voltage polarity) has already been reversed. In this state, the supply of the current i3 from the winding L23 to the excitation winding L21 continues, and therefore generation of magnetic flux (magnetic flux in the direction of the arrow indicated by the broken line in FIG. 12) in the rotor 11 (that is, excitation winding). L21 excitation) continues and the magnetic flux passes through the stator 10.
As the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation of the rotor 11, the pole of the rotor 11 tends to move away from one of the poles of the stator 10. A magnetomotive force is generated in the same direction as the magnetic flux (direction indicated by a white arrow in FIG. 13) in an attempt to prevent it. Due to this magnetomotive force, an electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and a current ig flows. The direction of the current ig is the direction in which the phase of the system voltage is reversed, and thus the current ig flows backward to the power system. Therefore, the current ig is a generated current.

  As described above, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 °, the pole of the rotor 11 is separated from one pole of the stator 10 by the movement of the rotor 11 due to the rotation. As a result, a magnetomotive force is generated in the stator 10. Due to this magnetomotive force, an electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and a current flows toward the system, whereby the generator 2 generates power.

  The direction of the magnetomotive force generated in the stator 10 and the direction of the magnetomotive force generated in the rotor 11 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 ° are as illustrated. That is, both magnetomotive forces act as an attractive force between the stator 10 and the rotor 11, but as the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation of the rotor 11, the pole of the rotor 11 opposes one of the stators 10 against this attractive force. Trying to leave the poles. The kinetic energy that the rotor 11 tends to leave against this attractive force is the magnetomotive force generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11, the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11. Since it is converted into electromagnetic energy called electromotive force due to mutual induction, a current having a phase opposite to that of the system flows in the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and the generator 2 functions as a “generator” instead of an electric motor. It can be said.

FIG. 13 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 30 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is a schematic diagram.
When the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 30 °, the pole of the rotor 11 tends to be further away from one pole of the stator 10 as the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation. The magnetic flux passing through the child 10 changes so as to further decrease. In order to prevent the change of the magnetic flux, a magnetomotive force in the same direction as the state shown in FIG. 12 is continuously generated, and the electromotive force generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10 by this magnetomotive force leads to the power system. Current flows and the generator 2 continues to generate power. In particular, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 has an electrical angle of about 30 °, the winding L23 has an electrical angle of 30 ° −120 ° = −90 °, and the winding L23 is caused by the magnetic flux of the stator 10. The rate of change of the received magnetic flux is maximized, and a large current can be supplied to the excitation winding L21. The electrical angles of the excitation winding L21 and the winding L23 are opposite in phase, and the current flowing in the excitation winding L21 and winding L23 is also in the opposite phase, so that the current in the excitation winding L21 is in the same phase as the current flowing in the excitation winding L21. An exciting current can be supplied. For this reason, the attractive force which acts between one pole of the stator 10 and the rotor 11 becomes strong.
In other words, focusing on the magnetomotive force, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of 30 ° in electrical angle, the attractive force acting between one pole of the stator 10 and the pole of the rotor 11 is considered. On the contrary, the pole of the rotor 11 moves further. The kinetic energy at which the poles of the rotor 11 are further separated against this attractive force is the magnetomotive force generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11, the excitation winding of the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the rotor 11. Since it is converted into electromagnetic energy called electromotive force due to the mutual induction action of the line L21, a current having a phase opposite to that of the system flows through the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and the generator 2 functions as a “generator” here as well. It can be said that
The current i3 supplied from the winding L23 to the winding L21 starts to decrease when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is around an electrical angle of 30 °, and proceeds to the disappearance process. According to the experiment, the current i3 continuously flows to the vicinity of the electrical angle of 45 ° and disappears. However, since the excitation winding L21 in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 30 ° is separated from the stator 10 as the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation, a magnetomotive force is generated in a direction that prevents the magnetic flux of the rotor 11 from decreasing. An electromotive force is generated in the excitation winding L21 by this magnetomotive force, and the current i1 starts to flow from the vicinity of an electrical angle of 30 ° through the diode D1. Since the rotor 11 is excited by the current i1 flowing through the excitation winding L21, the magnetic flux generated in the rotor 11 is maintained without disappearing regardless of the decrease in the current i3.

FIG. 14 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 90 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is the shown schematic diagram.
When the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 90 °, the excitation winding L21 is located approximately in the middle of the pair of poles of the stator 10. As already described, the rate of change of the magnetic flux received by the exciting winding L21 is maximized by the magnetic flux generated by the pair of poles of the stator 10 at this position, and a large induced electromotive force is generated in the exciting winding L21. As a result, the current i1 flowing through the exciting winding L21 through the diode D1 has a substantially peak. A magnetic flux in a direction indicated by a broken line is generated in the rotor 11 by the current i1 flowing through the excitation winding L21. This magnetic flux passes through the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10 that approaches as the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation of the rotor 11, thereby causing the direction shown in the stator 10 (indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 14). Magnetomotive force is generated in the direction indicated. Due to this magnetomotive force, a current ig flows through the output winding L11, and the generator 2 generates power.
That is, paying attention to the magnetomotive force, when the exciting winding L21 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 90 °, the repulsion acting between the other pole of the stator 10 (electrical angle 180 °) and the pole of the rotor 11 is applied. The rotor 11 moves against the force. The kinetic energy that the pole of the rotor 11 tries to approach against the repulsive force is the magnetomotive force generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11, the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and the excitation winding of the rotor 11. Since it is converted into electromagnetic energy called electromotive force due to the mutual induction action of L21, a current having a phase opposite to that of the system flows through the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and the generator 2 functions as a “generator”. It can be said.
According to the experiment, the current i1 flowing to the exciting winding L21 through the diode D1 reached a peak near the electrical angle of 65 °, then turned to decrease, and disappeared around 110 °.

FIG. 15 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 150 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle of 0 °). It is a schematic diagram.
When the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 150 °, the system current is flows through the output winding L11 in the direction shown in the figure, and the pair of poles of the stator 10 is represented by a one-dot chain line by this current. Magnetic flux is generated in the direction of the arrow. At this time, the direction of the magnetic flux generated at the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10 is one pole (electrical angle) when the electrical angle shown in FIG. The direction of the magnetic flux generated at (0 °) is the same direction. Therefore, N poles are generated from the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10 toward the rotor 11.
On the other hand, when the exciting winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 150 °, an induced electromotive force is generated in the winding L23 due to a change in magnetic flux passing through the winding L23, and this induced electromotive force causes a diode D3 from the winding L23. The current i3 is supplied to the exciting winding L21. Due to the current i3 flowing through the excitation winding L21, a magnetic flux in the direction indicated by the broken line is generated in the iron core 13 of the rotor 11, and the rotor 11 facing the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10 is generated. An S pole is generated at the pole (upper surface in FIG. 15).
Also in the iron core 12 of the stator 10, a magnetic flux in the same direction as the magnetic flux (direction indicated by a broken line in FIG. 15) is generated due to the influence of the magnetic flux generated in the rotor 11. A magnetomotive force is generated in a direction (a direction indicated by a white arrow in FIG. 11) that prevents the change of the magnetic flux generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11 in the direction in which the change occurs. Is a suction force between the other pole of the stator 10 and the pole of the rotor 11. Therefore, when the exciting winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 150 °, the generator 2 functions as an electric motor according to the same principle as that in the case of an electrical angle of around −30 ° (FIG. 11). This state continues until the electrical angle reaches 180 °.

  Thereafter, even when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 has an electrical angle of more than 180 ° and less than 360 °, power is generated according to the same principle as when the electrical angle is more than 0 ° and less than 180 °, and FIG. Considering that the direction of the system voltage in FIG. 15 is reversed, it is obvious that the direction in which the generated current ig and the system current is flowing is reversed, and thus detailed description thereof is omitted here.

[Power generation principle of an independently operated generator]
Next, the power generation principle of the power generator to which the present invention is applied will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 16 to FIG. 20 by taking as an example the case where the power generator 2 shown in FIG. Here, the isolated operation is an operation mode in which only the load is connected to the generator and the system is not linked.

FIG. 16 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of 0 electrical angle, with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is a schematic diagram.
The generator 2 has a load L connected to its output terminals 19 and 20. A DC power supply 31 for applying excitation impulses is connected to the output terminals 19 and 20 of the generator 2 via a switch 32.
The DC power supply 31 is connected in a direction in which the output terminal 19 side is positive and the output terminal 20 side is negative. Therefore, the DC power supply 31 gives a DC impulse between the output terminals with the output terminal 19 side being positive by instantaneously turning on / off the switch 32.

  When a DC impulse generated by the DC power supply 31 is applied to the output winding L11 of the stator 10, the winding conductor of one pole (electrical angle 0 °) of the stator 10 to the other pole (electrical angle 180 °). A current flows through a path leading to the winding conductor of the coil, and a magnetic flux is generated in the pair of poles of the stator 10 in the direction of the arrow indicated by the alternate long and short dash line by this current. This magnetic flux generates N poles from one pole of the stator 10 toward the rotor 11.

The rotor 11 is provided with the electric circuit shown in FIG. 6 as an electric circuit for excitation. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated in the stator 10 due to the DC impulse causes the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 to pass without any obstacle. Can pass through. Due to the magnetic flux generated in the stator 10, a magnetomotive force is generated in the stator 10 in a direction opposite to the magnetic flux (direction indicated by a white arrow in FIG. 16), and the magnetomotive force generated in the stator is also generated in the rotor 11. Magnetomotive force in the same direction is generated. In the rotor 11, an induced electromotive force is generated in the excitation winding L21 disposed in the rotor 11 by the magnetomotive force, and the direction of the induced electromotive force corresponds to the reverse direction of the diode D1 and the diode D3. Therefore, current does not flow through either the path from the excitation winding L21 to the diode D1 or the path from the excitation winding L21 to the diode D3 through the winding L23, so that the magnetic flux passing through the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 increases. Not hindered at all.
As described above, as a result of the magnetic flux generated in the stator 10 passing through the iron core 13 of the rotor 11, in the rotor 11, the pole of the rotor 11 facing the one pole of the stator 10 (upper surface in FIG. 16). ) Generates an S pole. That is, the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 is magnetized.

  The application of the DC impulse is preferably performed in a state where the rotor 11 is moved by rotation. When it is attempted to start the rotor 11 from a stationary state, the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is not necessarily in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 0 °, so that the magnetic flux generated in the stator 10 is rotated due to the DC impulse. This is because the probability that the magnetic flux generated in the stator 10 will pass through the rotor 11 will be higher if the rotor 11 is rotationally moved while the rotor 11 may not pass well. However, whether or not the rotor 11 is rotating is not a problem. In short, as an initial condition, it is important that the stator 10 and the rotor 11 are magnetized in one direction, which is performed by the presence of residual magnetism. It may be a thing.

FIG. 17 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is the shown schematic diagram.
As the rotor 11 moves due to rotation, the pole of the rotor 11 tends to move away from one pole of the stator 10, so that the magnetic flux (DC impulse) that passes through the iron core 12 of the stator 10 and the iron core 13 of the rotor 11. The magnetic flux caused by the magnetized magnetic field is about to decrease. In order to prevent this decrease in magnetic flux, magnetomotive force is generated in the same direction as the magnetic flux (direction indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 17) in the iron core 12 of the stator 10 and the iron core 13 of the rotor 11. Due to this magnetomotive force, an electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and a current ig flows through the load. The direction of the current ig is the same as the direction of the current when the DC impulse is applied in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 0 ° (FIG. 16), and power generation is started.

  On the other hand, in the iron core 13 of the rotor 11, a magnetomotive force is generated in the same direction as that in the stator 10 (the direction indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 17). An induced electromotive force in a direction generated by the direction of the magnetic force is generated. The direction of the induced electromotive force corresponds to the forward direction of the diode D1 and the diode D3. Accordingly, the current i1 flows through the path from the excitation winding L21 to the diode D1, and the current i3 flows through the path from the excitation winding L21 through the winding L23 to the diode D3.

Further, the currents i1 and i3 flowing through the excitation winding L21 act to prevent a decrease in magnetic flux passing through the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 (generate a magnetic flux in a direction indicated by a broken line). The current ig flowing through the output winding L11 acts to prevent a decrease in magnetic flux passing through the iron core 12 of the stator 10 (generates a magnetic flux in a direction indicated by a broken line), and between the stator 10 and the rotor 11 Further suction occurs. In other words, the magnetomotive force acts to further increase the attractive force between the stator 10 and the rotor 11 and maintains the attractive relationship.
In other words, an electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10 by the amplified magnetomotive force, and the generator 2 generates power.

  In other words, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 °, in the generator 2, contrary to the attractive force between one pole of the stator 10 and the pole of the rotor 11. The kinetic energy at which the poles of the rotor 11 are about to separate is due to the magnetomotive force generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11 and the mutual induction action of the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11. The generator 2 generates power by being converted into electromagnetic energy called electromotive force.

FIG. 18 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 90 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is the shown schematic diagram.
When the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 90 °, the excitation winding L21 is located approximately in the middle of the pair of poles of the stator 10. The rate of change of the magnetic flux passing through the excitation winding L21 (the rate of change of the magnetic flux received by the excitation winding L21 due to the magnetic flux of the stator 10) becomes maximum, and the maximum induced electromotive force is generated in the excitation winding L21. A current i1 flows to the exciting winding L21 through the diode D1. A magnetic flux in a direction indicated by a broken line is generated in the rotor 11 by the current i1 flowing through the excitation winding L21. This magnetic flux passes through the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10 that approaches as the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation of the rotor 11, so that the stator 10 has a direction shown in FIG. Magnetomotive force in the direction indicated by

On the other hand, in the rotor 11, the magnetic flux is influenced by the magnetic flux (magnetic flux in the direction of the arrow indicated by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 18) originally passing through the iron core 12 of the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10. A magnetomotive force is generated in a direction (indicated by a white arrow in FIG. 18) in which the influence of the above is to be canceled. Even in the stator 10, the current ig flowing through the output winding L <b> 11 is originally decreased due to the approach of the rotor 11 due to the influence of the magnetic flux of the rotor 11 (the generation of magnetic flux in the direction indicated by the broken line). Since the magnetomotive force is generated in the stator 10 in the direction opposite to the direction in which the magnetic flux decreases (direction indicated by the white arrow), the magnetomotive force of the stator 10 is reduced. A current flows through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 due to the electromotive force generated depending on the direction. The direction of this current is the same as the generated current ig, and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 has an electrical angle of more than 90 °. Therefore, the generated output power is maximized. Further, the repulsive action is further increased by the flow of the current i1 and the current ig. In addition, the magnetomotive force is maximized.
In other words, an electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10 by the amplified magnetomotive force, and the generator 2 generates power.

  In other words, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of more than 90 °, the suction repulsion relationship between the stator 10 and the rotor 11 changes from suction to repulsion, and the rotor 11 The kinetic energy at which the pole attempts to approach the other pole of the stator 10 is the magnetomotive force generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11, the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11. The generator 2 generates electric power by being converted into electromagnetic energy called electromotive force due to mutual induction. This power generation state continues until the electrical angle reaches 180 °.

FIG. 19 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is just at an electrical angle of 180 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is a schematic diagram.
When the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is just at an electrical angle of 180 °, the current i3 flows from the winding L23 through the diode D3 to the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11. In particular, since the winding L23 is located at an electrical angle of −120 °, an electromotive force having a phase opposite to that of the excitation winding L21 is generated, but the winding start of the winding L23 is connected to the winding start of the excitation winding L21 through the diode D3. Therefore, a current in phase with the current flowing through the excitation winding L21 can be supplied, and a magnetic flux is generated at the pole of the rotor 11 by this current i3. For this reason, the magnetic flux generated at the pole of the rotor 11 is maintained without being consumed. This magnetic flux passes through the other core (electrical angle 180 °) iron core 12 of the stator 10 as it is. However, when the electrical angle is just 180 °, no change occurs in the magnetic flux passing therethrough, so magnetomotive force is generated in the stator 10. Absent. Therefore, since no electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10, the output voltage is zero and the generated current flowing through the load L is also zero.

FIG. 20 shows the state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 180 ° with the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 as a reference (electrical angle 0 °). It is the shown schematic diagram.
As the rotor 11 moves due to the rotation of the rotor 11, the pole of the rotor 11 tends to move away from the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10, so that the iron core 12 of the stator 10 and the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 are moved. The magnetic flux originally passing through (the magnetic flux in the direction represented by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 20) tends to decrease. In an attempt to prevent this decrease in magnetic flux, magnetomotive force is generated in the same direction as the magnetic flux (the direction indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 20) in the iron core 12 of the stator 10 and the iron core 13 of the rotor 11. Due to this magnetomotive force, an electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10, and a current ig flows through the load. Since the winding direction of the winding conductor with respect to the iron core 12 is opposite between the one pole (electrical angle 0 °) and the other pole (electrical angle 180 °) of the stator 10, the direction of the current ig here Is opposite to the direction of the current from the electrical angle near 0 ° to immediately before 180 °.

  On the other hand, in the iron core 13 of the rotor 11, a magnetomotive force is generated in the same direction as that in the iron core 12 of the stator 10 (the direction indicated by the white arrow in FIG. 20). An induced electromotive force in a direction generated by the direction of the magnetomotive force is generated. The direction of the induced electromotive force corresponds to the forward direction of the diode D1. Therefore, the current i1 flows in a path from the end of the excitation winding L21 to the anode of the diode D1. In addition, since the winding L23 is located at an electrical angle exceeding −120 °, an electromotive force having a phase opposite to that of the excitation winding L21 is generated, but the winding start of the winding L23 starts through the diode D3. Therefore, a current having the same phase as the current flowing through the excitation winding L21 can be supplied.

Further, the currents i1 and i3 flowing through the excitation winding L21 act to prevent a decrease in magnetic flux passing through the iron core 13 of the rotor 11 (generate a magnetic flux in a direction indicated by a broken line). Also in the stator 10, the current ig flowing through the output winding L <b> 11 acts to prevent the magnetic flux passing through the iron core 12 of the stator 10 from decreasing (generate a magnetic flux in the direction indicated by the broken line). The magnetomotive force acts to further increase the attractive force between the stator 10 and the rotor 11.
In other words, an electromotive force is generated in the output winding L11 of the stator 10 by the amplified magnetomotive force, and the generator 2 generates power.

  In other words, when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 180 °, in the generator 2, the rotor 11 will be separated against the attractive force between the stator 10 and the rotor 11. Is converted into electromagnetic energy called magnetomotive force generated in the stator 10 and the rotor 11 and electromotive force due to mutual induction of the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11. Thus, the generator 2 generates power.

  Thereafter, even when the exciting winding L21 of the rotor 11 has an electrical angle of more than 180 ° to less than 360 °, power is generated according to the same principle as when the electrical angle is more than 0 ° to less than 180 °, and simply generated current Since it is obvious that the direction in which ig flows is only reversed, detailed description thereof is omitted here.

  FIG. 21 shows the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the winding L23 disposed in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 shown in FIG. It is a voltage and electric current waveform which shows the result of having measured the electric current. Here, the connected commercial power was set to a frequency of 50 Hz.

When the exciting winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of −30 °, a current starts to flow through the winding L23, and the current value shows a peak in the vicinity of the electrical angle of 30 °. This is because the winding L23 is disposed at a position delayed by 120 ° in electrical angle with respect to the excitation winding L21, and therefore when the excitation winding L21 is in the vicinity of −30 ° electrical angle, the winding L23. Is in the intermediate region of the pair of poles of the stator 10 (near electric angle −150 °) and changes in the magnetic flux passing through the winding L23 (the magnetic flux received by the winding L23 of the rotor 11 by the magnetic flux of the stator 10). This is because an induced electromotive force is generated in the winding L23 due to the change, and a current flows from the winding L23 through the diode D3 due to the induced electromotive force, and this current is supplied to the exciting winding L21.
Thereafter, as the electrical angle advances, the current flowing through the winding L23 increases to the vicinity of the electrical angle of 30 ° in the excitation winding L21 and becomes the maximum near the electrical angle of 30 ° (when the excitation winding L21 is near the electrical angle of 30 °). Winding L23 is near an electrical angle of 30 ° -120 ° = −90 °). When the excitation winding L21 further advanced beyond the vicinity of the electrical angle of 30 °, the current of the winding L23 decreased rapidly and disappeared at around 45 °. The same phenomenon was observed when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 was in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 150 ° to 225 °.

  FIG. 22 shows the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the current flowing through the diode D1 disposed in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 shown in FIG. It is a voltage / current waveform showing the result of measuring.

  It can be seen that no current flows through the diode D1 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is between the electrical angle near 0 ° and near 30 ° and between the electrical angle near 110 ° and 180 °.

  In the vicinity of an electrical angle of 30 °, a current began to flow rapidly through the diode D1, and this current continued to an electrical angle of about 110 °. A similar current was observed when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 was in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 210 ° to about 290 °. This current flows due to the electromotive force induced in the excitation winding L21 itself.

  FIG. 23 shows the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the winding L22 disposed in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 shown in FIG. It is a voltage and electric current waveform which shows the result of having measured the electric current.

  When the exciting winding L21 of the rotor 11 was in the vicinity of an electrical angle of 60 °, a current started to flow through the winding L22, and this current continued to an electrical angle of around 140 °. This current is also fed to the excitation winding L21. In this case, since the electrical angle at which the winding L22 is located is in phase with the electrical angle at which the excitation winding L21 is located, unlike the winding L23, the current in the winding L22 passes through the diode D2 and the excitation winding L21. Power is supplied to the excitation winding L21 so as to be in phase with the winding L22.

  FIG. 24 shows the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the excitation winding L21 arranged in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 shown in FIG. It is a voltage and electric current waveform which shows the result of having measured the flowing electric current.

  As apparent from the configuration of the electric circuit 23 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the sum of the current flowing through the diode D1, the current flowing through the winding L22, and the current flowing through the winding L23 flows through the excitation winding L21. However, as shown in FIG. 24, it can be seen that a current having a waveform approximating a half-cycle waveform of a sine waveform flows through the excitation winding L21. That is, according to the generator 3, in the electrical angle region where current does not flow to the excitation winding L21 through the diode D1, the winding L23 supplies current to the excitation winding L21 in the vicinity of an electrical angle of −30 ° to 45 °. However, when the electrical angle is around 60 ° to 140 °, the winding L22 supplies current to the excitation winding L21 (FIG. 23), so that the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is efficiently excited. It is. An output current having a waveform that substantially matches the waveform of the current flowing through the excitation winding L21 is obtained at the output winding L11 of the stator 10.

  In addition, since the output current and the commercial current are in phase (same polarity) at an electrical angle of about -30 ° to 0 ° and an electrical angle of about 140 ° to 180 °, the generator 3 is referred to as “motor”. Although it is functioning, since the output current and the commercial current are in reverse phase (with opposite polarities) in the electrical angle range of over 0 ° to 140 °, the generator 3 must function as a “generator”. I understand.

As can be seen from the above power generation principle, the generator to which the present invention is applied has the following structural, operational and operational characteristics.
(1) The rotor 11 is excited without supplying excitation current to the rotor windings. Therefore, a special power supply mechanism including an electrical contact mechanism between the stator and the rotor as in the conventional self-excited generator is not required, and a simple configuration can be achieved.
(2) Induction generators do not require excitation in the rotor windings, but they do not generate electricity unless they are linked to the system and do not rotate the rotor at a speed that exceeds synchronous rotation. According to the generator, power is generated by synchronous rotation. Further, in the case of single operation, it is not necessary to supply current to the excitation winding from the outside. Since no excitation is required and there is no concept of synchronous rotation, power is generated regardless of the rotation speed.
(3) In isolated operation, if no load is connected, current does not flow through the stator output winding, so no attractive or repulsive force is generated between the stator and the rotor, and the output voltage is zero. Will not generate electricity. Therefore, there is no risk of electric shock to the user through the open output terminal as in the conventional generator, and it is safer.
(4) When the load is excessively heavy, the generated output voltage becomes zero (0 V). That is, power generation is stopped. For this reason, the rotating shaft of the rotor is not twisted, and the winding of the rotor and the winding of the stator are not heated due to an excessive current and burned out.
(5) Magnetic flux corresponding to the rotational speed of the rotor and the torque of the rotating shaft is generated in the rotor, and the magnetic flux of the rotor changes according to the power generation output of the generator. The suction or repulsion between the child is weak. Therefore, compared with a generator using a permanent magnet for the rotor, it is easy to start rotation and is suitable for a generator that requires a small starting torque.

[Fifth to eighth embodiments]
25 to 28 are circuit diagrams showing schematic configurations of the generators 100, 110, 120, and 130 according to the fifth to eighth embodiments to which the present invention is applied.

  The generator 100 shown in FIG. 25 includes a generator G (generators 1, 2, and 3 in the first to third embodiments shown in FIGS. 1, 5, and 7, and FIG. 26, any of the generators in the fourth embodiment including the exciting electric circuit 24. The same applies hereinafter.) In FIG. 26, a coil L31 is connected in parallel as an inductive component between the output terminals 19 and 20. 27 includes a capacitor C31 connected in parallel as a capacitance component between the output terminals 19 and 20 of the generator G, and the generator 120 illustrated in FIG. 27 is connected between the output terminals 19 and 20 of the generator G. 28, a parallel circuit of a coil L32 as an inductive component and a capacitor C32 as a capacitive component connected in parallel, the generator 130 shown in FIG. 28 is connected between the output terminals 19 and 20 of the generator G as an inductive component. Coil L 3 and a series circuit of a capacitor C33 as a capacitive component, which are connected in parallel. Further, as shown, a load L is connected to the output terminals 19 and 20 of the generator G.

  In the generators 100, 110, 120, and 130 configured as described above, an inductive component connected between the output terminals 19 and 20 of the generator G, a capacitive component, or a parallel circuit of an inductive component and a capacitive component, or The series circuit of the inductive component and the capacitive component causes an appropriate delay or advance in the phase of the output current (load current) of the generator G according to the variation of the load L. Thereby, in the generator 100,110,120,130, even if the load L increases or decreases rapidly, the characteristic which an output voltage (load voltage) cannot change easily can be acquired.

  FIG. 29 shows a configuration of the generator 100 shown in FIG. 25, in which a predetermined load L is connected to the output terminals 19 and 20, the load voltage (CH1), the output voltage (CH5) of the generator G, and the output of the generator G. A circuit diagram when current (CH7) is measured is shown. Here, the generator 2 shown in FIG. 5 was used as the generator G, and the generator was rotated at a constant speed. Further, a variable inductance coil was used as the coil L31.

FIG. 30 shows measured values of the load voltage when the load L of 100 W is connected in the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29, the output voltage of the generator G, the output current of the generator G, and the current flowing through the excitation winding L21. This is a voltage / current waveform showing. FIG. 31 shows the same measured value when a load L of 200 W is connected.
Further, FIG. 32 shows the same measured value when the load L of 100 W is connected in the case where the coil L31 is disconnected from the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29, and FIG. 33 shows the same when the coil L31 is disconnected. 5 shows the same measured value when a load L of 200 W is connected.

  30 and 31, when the load L is 100 W, the output current of the generator G is delayed in phase with respect to the output voltage of the generator G, but when the load L becomes 200 W, the generator G It can be seen that the phase lag of the output current is less and the phase of the output voltage is approaching. Further, it can be seen that the load voltage hardly changes with respect to such a variation of the load L.

  On the other hand, referring to FIG. 32 and FIG. 33, when there is no inductive component of the coil L31, the phase of the generator current and the phase of the generator voltage substantially coincide with each other regardless of the fluctuation of the load L (that is, the power factor). 1). However, in contrast to FIGS. 30 and 31, the load voltage decreases as the load L increases.

  That is, according to the configuration of the generator 100 shown in FIG. 25, when the load is light, a delay occurs in the phase of the output current, so that a reactive current is generated, but as the load increases, the output current increases. The output power increases as the phase delay decreases and the effective current increases. For this reason, even if the load fluctuates, the load voltage is maintained almost constant.

FIG. 34 is measured when the load L is not connected between the output terminals 19 and 20 (no load) and when a different load L is connected in the configuration of the generator 100 shown in FIG. It is a table | surface which shows the value of an output voltage, an output current, and a power factor.
When the load L was not connected, the output voltage of the generator 100 was practically zero and the output current was zero. When the load L is connected, voltage and current are output. When 87 W is consumed by the load L and when 311 W is consumed, the output current is greatly increased. It turns out that it is almost constant. Moreover, it turns out that the power factor is increasing by the increase in load. That is, it can be seen that the generator 100 has a characteristic that the power factor increases (improves) as the load becomes heavier.

FIG. 35 is a diagram in which the input power, output power, output voltage, and generator efficiency (output power / input power) are plotted on the Y axis when a 6-pole generator is configured. . The generator was operated alone at a constant speed (1000 rpm). Further, as is usually done with constant speed rotation of the generator, the shaft torque of the generator is increased as the load becomes heavier, and the rotation speed of the rotating shaft of the generator is kept constant.
According to FIG. 35, it can be seen that even when the output power (power consumed by the load) changes more than three times, both the output voltage and the efficiency of the generator are maintained almost constant.

  36 to 39 are voltage / current waveforms showing measured values of output voltage and output current in the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29 (having the configuration of the generator 100 shown in FIG. 25). Here, FIG. 36 shows a voltage / current waveform when the load L is not connected (no load) rapidly increased to 300 W, and FIG. 37 shows a voltage / current waveform when the load L is suddenly increased from 100 W to 300 W. 38 shows a voltage / current waveform when the load L is suddenly reduced from 500 W to a non-connected (no load) state, and FIG. 39 shows a voltage / current waveform when the load L is suddenly reduced from 500 W to 100 W. .

Referring to FIG. 36, it can be seen that when the load is connected, the output voltage is confirmed in about 0.5 seconds, and a steady voltage is obtained in about 0.6 seconds. In addition, it can be seen that no voltage is output when no load is connected. Also, according to FIG. 38, it can be seen that when the load is removed, the output voltage decreases and disappears in about 0.4 seconds.
Further, according to FIGS. 37 and 39, when the load is suddenly increased or decreased, the output current immediately increases or decreases, but the output voltage is kept almost constant regardless of the sudden change of the load.

  As described above, according to the generators in the fifth to eighth embodiments to which the present invention is applied, even if the load suddenly changes during constant speed rotation of the generator, the output voltage (load voltage) and the power generation efficiency are It can be seen that it remains almost constant. Further, it can be seen that when the load is not connected, the output voltage is zero. When the load is connected, power generation is started immediately, and when the load is removed from the connected state, the power generation is stopped.

In addition, in the said 1st-3rd embodiment, the structure of the iron core used for the stator 10 and the rotor 11, and the winding method to the iron cores 12 and 13 of winding L11, L21-L23 are limited to these. However, it can be changed as appropriate.
Further, the number of poles of the stator 10 and the rotor 11 is not particularly limited, and is arbitrary.
Furthermore, in the fifth to eighth embodiments, the inductive component and the capacitive component may be variable.

  The generator of the present invention does not require a special power supply mechanism including an electrical contact mechanism for supplying current to the rotor windings from the outside, and has a simple configuration. Generates power and generates power regardless of the rotational speed in the case of single operation. In the case of single operation, if the load (power system in the case of grid connection) is not connected, the output voltage will be zero and power will not be generated. When the load becomes excessively heavy, the output voltage becomes zero and power generation stops, rotation start is easy, output voltage and power generation efficiency are kept almost constant even when the load changes suddenly during constant speed rotation of the generator, etc. Because it has many advantages, it can be used in small generators for vehicles, general households, commercial generators used in factories, buildings, etc., and large power generators used in various power plants such as wind power, hydropower, and thermal power. Suitable for a wide range of applications It can be.

It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the generator 1 in 1st Embodiment to which this invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of an excitation electric circuit 21 disposed on a rotor 11 of a generator 1. It is a schematic diagram which expands and shows the winding state of the output winding L11 by the side of the stator 10. FIG. It is a schematic diagram which expands and shows the winding state of the excitation winding L21 with respect to the iron core 13 on the rotor 11 side. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the generator 2 in 2nd Embodiment to which this invention is applied. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of an excitation electric circuit 22 disposed in the rotor 11 of the generator 2. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of the generator 3 in 3rd Embodiment to which this invention is applied. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a schematic configuration of an excitation electric circuit 23 disposed on a rotor 11 of a generator 3. In the generator 2, it is the schematic diagram which showed schematically the arrangement | positioning relationship of the exciting winding L21, the winding L22, and the winding L23 with the iron core 12 of the stator 10, and the iron core 13 of the rotor 11. FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows schematic structure of the another electric circuit 24 for excitation arrange | positioned at the rotor of the generator in 4th Embodiment to which this invention is applied. When the generator 2 is connected to the grid, when the electrical angle of one pole of the stator 10 is the reference (electrical angle 0 °), the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle of −30 °. It is the schematic diagram which showed the state of the generator 2. FIG. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the generator 2 when the generator winding 2 is connected to the grid and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 °. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state of the generator 2 when the generator winding 2 is connected to the grid and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is near an electrical angle of 30 °. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the generator 2 when the generator winding 2 is connected to the grid and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is near an electrical angle of more than 90 °. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the state of the generator 2 when the generator winding 2 is connected to the grid and the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is near an electrical angle of 150 °. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is near an electrical angle of 0 ° when the generator 2 is operated alone. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 0 ° when the generator 2 is operated alone. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 90 ° when the generator 2 is operated alone. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing a state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is just at an electrical angle of 180 ° when the generator 2 is operated alone. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a state of the generator 2 when the excitation winding L21 of the rotor 11 is in the vicinity of an electrical angle exceeding 180 ° when the generator 2 is operated alone. A voltage / current waveform showing the results of measuring the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the current flowing through the winding L23 disposed in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 is linked to the system. is there. 6 is a voltage / current waveform showing the results of measuring the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the current flowing through the diode D1 disposed in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 is linked to the system. . A voltage / current waveform showing the results of measuring the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the current flowing through the winding L22 disposed in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 is linked to the system. is there. Voltage / current waveforms showing the results of measuring the current flowing through the output winding L11 of the stator 10 and the current flowing through the excitation winding L21 disposed in the rotor 11 when the generator 3 is linked to the system. It is. It is a circuit diagram which shows schematic structure of the generator 100 in 5th Embodiment to which this invention is applied. It is a circuit diagram which shows schematic structure of the generator 110 in 6th Embodiment to which this invention is applied. It is a circuit diagram which shows schematic structure of the generator 120 in 7th Embodiment to which this invention is applied. It is a circuit diagram which shows schematic structure of the generator 130 in 8th Embodiment to which this invention is applied. In the configuration of the generator 100 shown in FIG. 25, a predetermined load L is connected to the output terminals 19 and 20, the load voltage (CH1), the output voltage (CH5) of the generator G, and the output current (CH7) of the generator G. ) Is a circuit diagram when measured. In the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29, a voltage indicating a measured value of a load voltage when a load L of 100 W is connected, an output voltage of the generator G, an output current of the generator G, and a current flowing through the excitation winding L21. • Current waveform. 29 is a voltage / current waveform showing similar measurement values when a load L of 200 W is connected in the measurement circuit shown in FIG. FIG. 30 is a voltage / current waveform showing the same measurement value when a load L of 100 W is connected to the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29 with the coil L31 disconnected. FIG. 29 shows the same measurement value when the load L of 200 W is connected with the measurement circuit coil L31 shown in FIG. 29 disconnected. In the configuration of the generator 100, the output voltage, the output current, and the force measured when the load L is not connected between the output terminals 19 and 20 (no load) and when a different load L is connected, respectively. It is a table | surface which shows the value of a rate. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating input power, output power, output voltage, and generator efficiency (output power / input power) when a 6-pole generator is configured, with the output power plotted on the Y axis. 29 is a voltage / current waveform showing measured values of the output voltage and output current when the load is not increased and the output voltage is rapidly increased to 300 W in the measurement circuit shown in FIG. In the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29, the voltage and current waveforms are the same when the load L is increased rapidly from 100 W to 300 W. In the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29, the voltage and current waveforms are the same when the load L is suddenly reduced from 500 W to a state where it is not connected. In the measurement circuit shown in FIG. 29, the voltage and current waveforms are the same when the load L is suddenly reduced from 500 W to 100 W.

Explanation of symbols

1, 2, 3, 100, 110, 120, 130 Generator 10 Stator 11 Rotor 12, 13 Iron core 19, 20 Output terminal 21, 22, 23, 24 Electrical circuit for excitation L11 Output winding L21 Excitation winding L22 ~ L28 Winding D1 ~ D8 Diode L31, L32, L33 Coil C31, C32, C33 Capacitor

Claims (11)

A stator having an output winding;
A rotor having an excitation winding;
Rectifying means disposed on the rotor and connected in parallel with the excitation winding;
An output terminal for outputting an electromotive force induced in the output winding by a rotating magnetic field generated by the rotor;
With
The rotor includes, as an excitation current path, a unidirectional current path in which the excitation winding and the rectifier are connected in parallel.
A generator characterized by. The rotor includes, as the exciting current path, a unidirectional first current path in which a first winding and a first rectifier are connected in parallel, a second winding, and a second rectification. A unidirectional second current path connected in series with the means,
The second current path supplies a current in the same direction as the current of the first current path to the first winding in the first current path;
The generator according to claim 1.   The generator according to claim 2, wherein the second winding is disposed at a position delayed by a predetermined electrical angle with respect to the first winding.   The generator according to claim 3, wherein the second winding is disposed at a position delayed by about 120 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the first winding. The rotor includes a unidirectional third current path in which a third winding and a third rectifier are connected in series as an excitation current path,
The third current path supplies a current in the same direction as the current of the first current path to the first winding in the first current path;
The generator according to claim 2.   6. The generator according to claim 5, wherein the second winding and the third winding are respectively arranged at different predetermined electrical angle delayed positions with respect to the first winding. .   The second winding is at a position delayed by approximately 120 degrees in electrical angle with respect to the first winding, and the third winding is approximately in electrical angle with respect to the first winding. The generator according to claim 6, wherein the generator is disposed at a position delayed by 60 degrees. The rotor has, as an exciting current path, a unidirectional first current path in which a first winding and a first rectifying means are connected in parallel, and a unidirectional direction in which a winding and a rectifying means are connected in series. Second to n-th current paths each composed of a sex current path,
Each of the second to n-th current paths supplies a current in the same direction as the current of the first current path to the first winding in the first current path;
The generator according to claim 1.
Here, n is an integer of n ≧ 4.   9. The windings included in the second to n-th current paths are respectively disposed at different predetermined electrical angle delayed positions with respect to the first winding. Generator.   The i-th windings (i = 2,... N) included in the second to n-th current paths are approximately ((180 / n) × in electrical angle with respect to the first windings. The generator according to claim 9, wherein the generator is disposed at a position that is (i−1)) phase delayed. 9. An inductive component, a capacitive component, or a composite component in which an inductive component and a capacitive component are connected in series or in parallel is connected in parallel with the output terminal. Generator.

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