JP2006125445A - Direction selector valve - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a direction selector valve having a reduced size while suppressing the generation of heat. <P>SOLUTION: The two-direction selector valve of a normally closed type comprises a shape memorizing alloy wire 16 attached to a plunger 9. The shape memorizing alloy wire 16 generates shrinking force with energizing heat. The shrinking force gives forward movement to the plunger 9 against the energizing force of an elastic member 14 to make a valve element portion 8c of a diaphragm 8 open a flow-in passage 12. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a directional switching valve that can be used in blood test apparatuses, exhaust gas and water quality analyzers, biotechnology research equipment, and the like.

  9 and 10 show a conventional normally closed two-way directional switching valve 100. FIG.

  The direction switching valve 100 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10 includes a plunger 9 that can reciprocate in the axial direction, a diaphragm 8 that is attached to the end of the plunger 9, and a diaphragm 8 that is formed on the body 3 and is opened and closed by the diaphragm 8. An inflow passage (fluid passage) 12 and a spring (elastic member) 14 that urges the plunger 9 toward the original position are provided.

  When the coil 21 is not energized and no external force is applied to the plunger 9, the plunger 9 is held in its original position and the diaphragm 8 blocks the inflow passage 12. That is, when the coil 21 is not energized, the inflow passage 12 and the outflow passage 13 are disconnected.

  When a magnetic attractive force (external force) is applied to the plunger 9 by energizing the coil 21, the plunger 9 moves forward against the urging force of the elastic member 14, and the diaphragm 8 opens the inflow passage 12, and the inflow passage 12. And the outflow passage 13 are in communication. Note that Patent Document 1 describes a directional switching valve of the same type as the type illustrated in FIGS. 9 and 10.

  FIG. 11 shows a conventional three-way directional switching valve 300.

  A direction switching valve 300 shown in FIG. 11 is opened and closed by a first plunger 9A that can reciprocate in the axial direction, a first diaphragm 8A that is disposed at an end of the first plunger 9A, and a first diaphragm 8A. One inflow passage (first fluid passage) 12A, a second plunger 9B capable of reciprocating in the same axial direction as the first plunger 9A, and a second diaphragm 8B disposed at the end of the second plunger 9B A second inflow passage (second fluid passage) 12B that is opened and closed by the second diaphragm 8B, a stem 37 disposed between the first diaphragm 8A and the second diaphragm 8B, and a first plunger 9A. A first spring (first elastic member) 14A for urging in the direction toward the plunger 9B and a second spring (second elastic member) for urging the second plunger 9B in the direction toward the first plunger 9A And a 14B.

  When the coil 21 is not energized and no external force is applied to the first plunger 9A, the biasing force of the first elastic member 14A exceeds the biasing force of the second elastic member 14B, and the first plunger 9A, first The diaphragm 8A, the stem 37, the second diaphragm 8B, and the second plunger 9B are located in a direction away from the first elastic member 14A as a whole, the first diaphragm 8A blocks the first fluid passage 12A, and the second diaphragm 8B The second fluid passage 12B is opened. That is, when the coil 21 is not energized, the first fluid passage 12A and the first outflow passage 13A are cut off, and the second fluid passage 12B and the second outflow passage 13B are in communication. .

  When a magnetic attractive force (external force) is applied to the first plunger 9A by energizing the coil 21, the urging force of the first elastic member 14A is invalidated by the external force (the first plunger 9A moves to the left in FIG. 11). The first plunger 9A, the first diaphragm 8A, the stem 37, the second diaphragm 8B, and the second plunger 9B approach the first elastic member 14A as a whole by the urging force of the second elastic member 14B. The first diaphragm 8A opens the first fluid passage 12A and the second diaphragm 8B blocks the second fluid passage 12B. That is, when the coil 21 is energized, the first fluid passage 12A and the first outflow passage 13A are in communication with each other, and the second fluid passage 12B and the second outflow passage 13B are in a disconnected state.

  FIG. 12 shows a conventional normally open type two-way opening direction switching valve 400.

  A direction switching valve 400 shown in FIG. 12 includes a plunger 9 that can reciprocate in the axial direction, a diaphragm 8 that is attached to an end of the plunger 9, and an inflow passage (fluid passage) 12 that is opened and closed by the diaphragm 8. And a spring (elastic member) 14 for urging the plunger 9 toward the original position.

  When the coil 21 is not energized and no magnetic attractive force (external force) is applied to the plunger 9, the plunger 9 is held in its original position, and the diaphragm 8 opens the fluid passage 12. That is, when the coil 21 is not energized, the inflow passage 12 and the outflow passage 13 are in communication.

When a magnetic attractive force (external force) is applied to the plunger 9 by energizing the coil 21, the plunger 9 moves forward against the urging force of the elastic member 14, and the diaphragm 8 blocks the fluid passage 12. That is, when the coil 21 is energized, the inflow passage 12 and the outflow passage 13 are disconnected.
Special table 2002-500136

  However, according to the conventional directional control valve as described above, a certain number of turns and a copper wire diameter of the coil are required to obtain a low heat generation coil while ensuring a sufficient magnetic attractive force. Coil winding space is increased. On the other hand, in order to reduce the coil winding space while ensuring a sufficient magnetic attractive force, it is necessary to reduce the diameter of the copper wire of the coil and maintain the number of turns. Therefore, downsizing is difficult.

  An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described problems of the prior art and to provide a directional switching valve that can suppress heat generation as a whole and can be downsized.

  A normally closed two-way opening direction switching valve according to the present invention includes a plunger capable of reciprocating in an axial direction, a diaphragm attached to an end of the plunger, a fluid passage opened and closed by the diaphragm, An elastic member that urges the plunger toward the original position, and when no external force is applied to the plunger, the plunger is held in the original position, and the diaphragm blocks the fluid passage, When an external force is applied to the plunger, the plunger moves forward against the urging force of the elastic member, and the diaphragm opens the fluid passage. A shape memory alloy wire is attached to the jar, and the shape memory alloy wire is shrunk and deformed by energization heating or heating from the outside. Deformed by characterized in that it is configured so as to apply the external force to the plunger.

  The three-way direction switching valve according to the present invention opens and closes by a first plunger that can reciprocate in the axial direction, a first diaphragm disposed at an end of the first plunger, and the first diaphragm. A first fluid passage; a second plunger reciprocally movable in the same axial direction as the first plunger; a second diaphragm disposed at an end of the second plunger; and opening and closing by the second diaphragm A second fluid passage, a stem disposed between the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm, a first elastic member biasing the first plunger in a direction toward the second plunger, A second elastic member that biases the second plunger in a direction toward the first plunger, and when the external force is not applied to the first plunger, the first plunger The biasing force of the elastic member exceeds the biasing force of the second elastic member, and the first plunger, the first diaphragm, the stem, the second diaphragm, and the second plunger are entirely removed from the first elastic member. When the first diaphragm blocks the first fluid passage and the second diaphragm opens the second fluid passage and an external force is applied to the first plunger, the first diaphragm is caused by the external force. The biasing force of the elastic member is invalidated, and the first plunger, the first diaphragm, the stem, the second diaphragm, and the second plunger as a whole are moved to the first elasticity by the biasing force of the second elastic member. Moving in a direction approaching the member, the first diaphragm opens the first fluid passage and the second diaphragm blocks the second fluid passage. In the direction switching valve of the direction port, a shape memory alloy wire is attached to the first plunger, and the shape memory alloy wire is contracted and deformed by energization heating or external heating, and the first plunger is deformed by the contraction deformation. It is comprised so that the said external force may be applied with respect to.

  According to the normally closed type two-way opening direction switching valve and the three-way opening direction switching valve according to the present invention, an external force is applied to the plunger and the first plunger by contraction deformation of the shape memory alloy wire. The overall heat generation can be suppressed and the size can be reduced.

  Here, each of the plunger and the first plunger is mounted so as to cross the wire insertion hole into which the bent shape memory alloy wire is inserted, and inserted into the wire insertion hole. And a pin that engages with the bent portion of the shape memory alloy wire and anchors the shape memory alloy wire in the wire insertion hole. By attaching the shape memory alloy wire to the plunger and the first plunger as described above, it is possible to reduce the size of the mechanism that drives the plunger and the first plunger.

  The normal open type two-way direction switching valve according to the present invention includes a plunger that can reciprocate in an axial direction, a diaphragm attached to an end of the plunger, and a fluid passage that is opened and closed by the diaphragm. And an elastic member that urges the plunger toward the original position, and when no external force is applied to the plunger, the plunger is held in the original position, and the diaphragm opens the fluid passage. When an external force is applied to the plunger, the plunger moves forward against the biasing force of the elastic member, and the diaphragm is a normally open two-way directional switching valve that blocks the fluid passage. A shape memory alloy wire is attached to the plunger, and the shape memory alloy wire is contracted and deformed by energization heating or external heating, The shrinkage deformation, characterized in that it is configured so as to apply the external force to the plunger.

  According to the normally open type two-way directional switching valve of the present invention, since the external force is applied to the plunger by contraction deformation of the shape memory alloy wire, heat generation as a whole directional switching valve is suppressed and downsizing is possible. Become.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(1) Normally closed two-way opening direction switching valve (Figs. 1-5)
FIG. 1 is a plan view of a normally closed two-way directional switching valve according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line II-II shown in FIG. 1, and is a sectional view when the valve is opened, FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. Each process drawing is shown.

  1 to 5, a direction switching valve 100 includes a bracket 1, a body 3 fixed to the bracket 1 with screws 2 (FIG. 5C), a cord 4 extending from the bracket 1 to the outside, a bracket 1 is provided with a lid body 5 that is placed on 1.

  In the body 3, a gasket housing groove 7 for housing the gasket 6 is formed at a connecting portion with a device (not shown) connected to the direction switching valve 100. Further, at the end of the body 3 on the bracket 1 side, a diaphragm 8, a diaphragm housing chamber 11 for housing a large diameter portion 9 a of a plunger 9 having a substantially T-shaped section and a cylindrical diaphragm retainer 10 (FIG. 5C )) Is formed. An inflow passage (fluid passage) 12 and an outflow passage 13 are formed between the diaphragm housing chamber 11 and the gasket housing groove 7, and the inflow passage 12 is one of the two holes 6 a and 6 b of the gasket 6. The outflow passage 13 communicates with one hole 6a, and the outflow passage 13 communicates with the other hole 6b. The inflow passage 12 is formed on an extension of the axis of the plunger 9.

  In the bracket 1, a plunger housing chamber 15 (FIG. 5C) for housing a small diameter portion 9 b of the plunger 9 having a substantially T-shaped cross section and a spring 14 as an elastic member is formed at the end of the body 3. Has been. The plunger large diameter portion 9 a can enter the plunger accommodating chamber 15. In addition, a wire insertion through-hole 17 (FIG. 5C) is formed at the end of the bracket 1 on the lid 5 side so as to communicate with the plunger housing chamber 15 and into which the bent shape memory alloy wire 16 is inserted. Has been.

  A locking rib 9c having a substantially T-shaped cross section for holding the diaphragm 8 is formed on the rear surface of the plunger large diameter portion 9a. On the front surface of the diaphragm 8, a rib accommodating portion 8a for accommodating the locking rib 9c of the plunger 9 is formed. The outer peripheral edge 8b of the diaphragm 8 is sandwiched between the annular rear surface 10a of the cylindrical diaphragm retainer 10 and the annular step surface 11a (FIG. 5C) of the diaphragm housing chamber 11. A valve body portion 8c projects from the center of the rear surface of the diaphragm 8. When the plunger 9 is in the original position (return position) (in the state shown in FIG. 2), the valve body 8c is pressed against the opening 12a on the plunger 9 side of the inflow passage 12 to block the inflow passage 12. Then, the gap between the inflow passage 12 and the outflow passage 13 is blocked. Further, when the plunger 9 is in the forward position (when in the state shown in FIG. 3), the valve body portion 8c is separated from the opening portion 12a on the plunger 9 side of the inflow passage 12 to open the inflow passage 12, and the inflow passage The fluid passage from 12 to the outflow passage 13 is opened.

  A spring 14 is fitted on the outer periphery of the plunger small diameter portion 9b. The spring 14 is disposed in a compressed state between the annular front surface 9d of the plunger large-diameter portion 9a and the annular step surface 15a of the plunger accommodating chamber 15, and always returns to the plunger 9 (the direction of arrow a in FIG. 2). ).

  The plunger small diameter portion 9b is formed with a wire insertion hole 9e that opens in the opposite direction of the inflow passage 12, that is, in the direction of the arrow b shown in FIG. A pin 9f is attached to the plunger small diameter portion 9b so as to cross the inside of the wire insertion hole 9e.

  The shape memory alloy wire 16 is inserted in a bent state into the wire insertion hole 9e. The shape memory alloy wire 16 is anchored in the wire insertion hole 9e by the bending portion 16a engaging with the pin 9f. Both ends of the shape memory alloy wire 16 are fixed to the front surface of the bracket 1 with screws 18. One end of a lead wire 19 is fixed to the front surface of the bracket 1 with the screw 18, and the shape memory alloy wire 16 and the lead wire 19 are electrically connected. The other end of the lead wire 19 is connected to the end of the cord 4 on the front surface of the bracket 1.

  The assembly operation of the direction switching valve 100 configured as described above is performed as follows.

  First, as shown in FIG. 5A, the bent shape memory alloy wire 16 is inserted into the wire insertion hole 9e of the small diameter portion 9b of the plunger 9, and the pin 9f is attached to the pin 9f and the shape memory alloy wire. The pin 9f is mounted on the plunger small diameter portion 9b so that the 16 bent portions 16a are engaged. Next, as shown in FIG. 5B, the spring 14 is fitted to the outer periphery of the plunger small diameter portion 9b, the diaphragm presser 10 is fitted to the outer periphery of the plunger large diameter portion 9a, and the rib housing portion of the diaphragm 8 is further fitted. The locking rib 9c of the plunger large diameter portion 9a is housed in 8a, and the diaphragm 8 is assembled to the plunger 9. Next, as shown in FIG. 5 (C), the shape memory alloy wire 16 of the assembly 200 shown in FIG. 5 (B) is passed through the plunger accommodating chamber 15 and the wire insertion through hole 17 of the bracket 1 in order. The plunger small-diameter portion 9b and the spring 14 of the attachment 200 are accommodated in the plunger accommodation chamber 15, the diaphragm retainer 10 and the diaphragm 8 of the attachment 200 are accommodated in the diaphragm accommodation chamber 11 of the body 3, and the bracket 2 is attached by the screw 2. The body 3 is fixed to 1. After that, although not shown, the direction switching valve 100 shown in FIG. 1 can be obtained by fixing the shape memory alloy wire 16, the lead wire 19 and the cord 4 to the bracket 1 and fixing the lid 5 to the bracket 1. .

  Next, the operation of the direction switching valve 100 configured as described above will be described.

  When no current flows through the shape memory alloy wire 16, the shape memory alloy wire 16 is in an extended state, and the plunger 9 flows into the valve body 8 c of the diaphragm 8 by the biasing force of the spring 14 as shown in FIG. The passage 12 is pressed against the opening 12a on the plunger 9 side. For this reason, the inflow passage 12 is in a blocked state, and the passage from the inflow passage 12 to the outflow passage 13 is in a blocked state.

  Thereafter, when the shape memory alloy wire 16 is energized through the cord 4 and the lead wire 19, the shape memory alloy wire 16 generates heat and contracts. This contraction force is a force in the direction in which the plunger 9 is advanced via the pin 9f (the direction of arrow b in FIG. 2), and the plunger 9 is advanced against the urging force of the spring 14. When the plunger 9 moves forward, as shown in FIG. 3, the valve body portion 8c of the diaphragm 8 comes away from the opening portion 12a on the plunger 9 side of the inflow passage 12, so that the inflow passage 12 is opened, The passage from the inflow passage 12 to the outflow passage 13 is opened.

  After that, when the energization is stopped, the shape memory alloy wire 16 returns to the extended state again, and the valve body portion 8c of the diaphragm 8 is again pressed against the opening 12a of the inflow passage 12 by the urging force of the spring 14 and flows out of the inflow passage 12. The passage leading to the passage 13 returns to the blocked state.

  As described above, the normally closed two-way opening direction switching valve 100 according to the present embodiment is attached to the plunger 9 capable of reciprocating in the axial direction and the large-diameter portion (end portion) 9a of the plunger 9. A diaphragm 8 to be attached, an inflow passage (fluid passage) 12 that is opened and closed by the diaphragm 8, and a spring (elastic member) 14 that biases the plunger 9 toward the original position. When not applied, the plunger 9 is held in the original position, the diaphragm 8 blocks the fluid passage 12, and when an external force is applied to the plunger 9, the plunger 9 moves forward against the urging force of the elastic member 14. The diaphragm 8 opens the fluid passage 12. The shape memory alloy wire 16 attached to the plunger 9 is contracted and deformed by energization heating, and an external force is applied to the plunger 9 by contraction and deformation.

  According to the direction switching valve 100 of the present embodiment, since the external force is applied to the plunger 9 by contraction deformation of the shape memory alloy wire 16, heat generation as a whole of the direction switching valve can be suppressed and the size can be reduced. The contraction deformation of the shape memory alloy wire 16 may be caused by heating from the outside instead of energization heating.

  The plunger 9 is mounted so as to cross the wire insertion hole 9e into which the bent shape memory alloy wire 16 is inserted, and the shape memory alloy wire 16 inserted into the wire insertion hole 9e. And a pin 9f for engaging the shape memory alloy wire 16 in the wire insertion hole 9e. By attaching the shape memory alloy wire 16 to the plunger 9 as described above, the mechanism for driving the plunger 9 can be reduced in size.

(2) Three-way directional switching valve (Fig. 6)
FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a three-way direction switching valve 300 according to another embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 6, the direction switching valve 300 includes a body 3, a first bracket 1A and a second bracket 1B attached to both sides of the body 3, a cord 4 extending outward from the first bracket 1A, a first bracket And a lid 5 that covers the bracket 1A.

  In the body 3, a gasket housing groove 7 for housing the gasket 6 is formed at a connecting portion with a device (not shown) connected to the direction switching valve 300.

  Further, the first diaphragm 8A, the large diameter portion 9Aa of the first plunger 9A having a substantially T-shaped cross section, and the cylindrical first diaphragm presser 10 are accommodated at the end of the body 3 on the first bracket 1A side. A one-diaphragm storage chamber 11A is formed.

  A first inflow passage (first fluid passage) 12A and a first outflow passage 13A are formed between the first diaphragm housing chamber 11A and the gasket housing groove 7. The first inflow passage 12A is formed in an L shape, and is bent at a right angle from the first branch passage portion 12Aa located on the extension of the axis of the first plunger 9A and the first branch passage portion 12Aa. It is comprised from the common channel | path part 12b.

  Further, a second diaphragm housing chamber 11B for housing the second diaphragm 8B is formed at the end of the body 3 on the second bracket 1B side.

  A second inflow passage (second fluid passage) 12B and a second outflow passage 13B are formed between the second diaphragm housing chamber 11B and the gasket housing groove 7. The second inflow passage 12B is formed in an L-shape, and is bent at a right angle from the second branch passage portion 12Ba located on the extension of the axis of the second plunger 9B and the second branch passage portion 12Ba. It is comprised from the common channel | path part 12b.

  In the first inflow passage 12A and the second inflow passage 12B, the first branch passage portion 12Aa and the second branch passage portion 12Ba communicate with each other in a straight line, and the common passage portion 12b forms a common passage. The common passage portion 12b extends from the connection portion between the first branch passage portion 12Aa and the second branch passage portion 12Ba toward the gasket housing groove 7.

  A stem 37 is disposed in the first branch passage portion 12Aa and the second branch passage portion 12Ba. The first end 37a of the stem 37 is inserted into the first recess 8Ad of the first diaphragm 8A, and the second end 37b of the stem 37 is inserted into the second recess 8Bd of the second diaphragm 8B.

  In the first bracket 1A, at the end on the body 3 side, a first plunger accommodating chamber for accommodating a small diameter portion 9Ab of the first plunger 9A having a substantially T-shaped cross section and a first spring 14A as a first elastic member. 15A is formed. The first plunger large-diameter portion 9Aa can enter the first plunger accommodating chamber 15A. In addition, a wire insertion through hole 17 is formed at the end of the first bracket 1A on the lid body 5 side so as to communicate with the first plunger accommodating chamber 15A and into which the bent shape memory alloy wire 16 is inserted. .

  The first diaphragm 8A is in contact with the surface of the first plunger large diameter portion 9Aa on the first branch passage portion 12Aa side, and the outer peripheral edge portion 8Ab is an annular surface of the cylindrical first diaphragm presser 10. 10a and the annular step surface 11Aa of the first diaphragm housing chamber 11A. A valve body portion 8Ac projects from the center of the surface of the first diaphragm 8A on the first branch passage portion 12Aa side.

  A first spring 14A is fitted on the outer periphery of the first plunger small diameter portion 9Ab. The first spring 14A is disposed in a compressed state between the annular surface of the first plunger large-diameter portion 9Aa and the annular step surface of the first plunger accommodating chamber 15A, and always has a first branch with respect to the first plunger 9A. An urging force in the direction toward the passage portion 12Aa (the direction of arrow c in FIG. 6) is applied.

  The first plunger small-diameter portion 9Ab is formed with a wire insertion hole 9Ae that opens in a direction opposite to the first branch passage portion 12Aa (direction of arrow d in FIG. 6). A pin 9Af is attached to the first plunger small diameter portion 9Ab so as to cross the wire insertion hole 9Ae.

  The shape memory alloy wire 16 is inserted in a bent state into the wire insertion hole 9Ae. The shape memory alloy wire 16 is anchored in the wire insertion hole 9Ae by its bent portion 16a engaging with the pin 9Af. Both end portions of the shape memory alloy wire 16 are fixed to the first bracket 1A. Although not shown, the shape memory alloy wire 16 is electrically connected to the lead wire, and the lead wire is connected to the cord 4, similarly to the above-described normally closed two-way direction switching valve.

  A second plunger housing chamber 15B for housing a second plunger 9B having a substantially T-shaped cross section and a second spring 14B as a second elastic member is formed at the end of the second bracket 1B on the body 3 side. ing.

  The second diaphragm 8B is in contact with the surface of the large diameter portion 9Ba of the second plunger 9B on the second branch passage portion 12Ba side, and the outer peripheral edge portion 8Bb is an annular step of the second diaphragm housing chamber 11B. The surface and the annular step surface of the second plunger accommodating chamber 15B are sandwiched. A valve body 8Bc projects from the center of the second diaphragm 8B on the second branch passage 12Ba side.

  A second spring 14B as a second elastic member is fitted on the outer periphery of the small diameter portion 9Bb of the second plunger 9B. The second spring 14B is disposed in a compressed state between the annular surface of the second plunger large-diameter portion 9Ba and the surface of the second plunger accommodating chamber 15B, and is always the second branch passage portion with respect to the second plunger 9B. An urging force in the direction toward 12Ba (the arrow d direction in FIG. 6) is applied.

  Next, the operation of the direction switching valve 300 configured as described above will be described.

  When no current is passed through the shape memory alloy wire 16, the shape memory alloy wire 16 is in an elongated state. In this state, the urging force of the first spring 14A (the urging force in the direction of arrow c shown in FIG. 6) is set in advance so as to overcome the urging force of the second spring 14B (the urging force in the direction of arrow d shown in FIG. 6). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, the valve body portion 8Ac of the first diaphragm 8A is pressed against the opening of the first inflow passage 12A, and the first inflow passage 12A is in a cut-off state. The valve body 8Bc of the diaphragm 8B is separated from the opening of the second inflow passage 12B, and the second inflow passage 12B is open. Therefore, the passage from the first inflow passage 12A to the first outflow passage 13A is in a blocked state, and the passage from the second inflow passage 12B to the second outflow passage 13B is in a communication state.

  Thereafter, when the shape memory alloy wire 16 is energized through the cord 4 or the like, the shape memory alloy wire 16 generates heat and contracts. This contraction force acts as a force for moving the first plunger 9A in the direction of the arrow d shown in FIG. 6 via the pin 9f, and the first plunger 9A is shown in FIG. 6 against the urging force of the first spring 14A. Move in the direction of arrow d. By the movement of the first plunger 9A, the urging force of the second spring 14B becomes a force for moving the second plunger 9B in the direction of the arrow d shown in FIG. 6, and the valve body portion 8Bc of the second diaphragm 8B becomes the second inflow passage. The second inflow passage 12B is blocked by being pressed against the opening of 12B, and the valve body portion 8Ac of the first diaphragm 8A is separated from the opening of the first inflow passage 12A via the stem 37, and the first inflow passage is separated. 12A is opened. As a result, the passage from the first inflow passage 12A to the first outflow passage 13A is in a communicating state, and the passage from the second inflow passage 12B to the second outflow passage 13B is in a blocked state.

  Thereafter, when energization is stopped, the shape memory alloy wire 16 returns to the extended state, and the first diaphragm 8A and the second diaphragm 8B return to the original state by the urging force of the first spring 14A, and the first inflow passage 12A returns to the first state. The passage leading to the outflow passage 13A is cut off, and the passage extending from the second inflow passage 12B to the second outflow passage 13B is in a communication state.

  As described above, the three-way direction switching valve 300 according to the present embodiment includes the first plunger 9A that can reciprocate in the axial direction, and the first diaphragm 8A that is disposed at the end of the first plunger 9A. The first fluid passage (first inflow passage 12A) opened and closed by the first diaphragm 8A, the second plunger 9B capable of reciprocating in the same axial direction as the first plunger 9A, and the end of the second plunger 9B A second diaphragm 8B disposed in the section, a second fluid passage (second inflow passage 12B) opened and closed by the second diaphragm 8B, and a stem 37 disposed between the first diaphragm 8A and the second diaphragm 8B. The first elastic member (first spring 14A) that biases the first plunger 9A in the direction toward the second plunger 9B and the second plunger 9B in the direction toward the first plunger 9A A second elastic member (second spring 14B), and when no external force is applied to the first plunger 9A, the biasing force of the first elastic member 14A exceeds the biasing force of the second elastic member 14B, The first plunger 9A, the first diaphragm 8A, the stem 37, the second diaphragm 8B, and the second plunger 9B are located in a direction away from the first elastic member 14A as a whole, and the first diaphragm 8A blocks the first fluid passage 12A. The second diaphragm 8B opens the second fluid passage 12B. When an external force is applied to the first plunger 9A, the urging force of the first elastic member 14A is invalidated by the external force, and the second elastic member 14B is attached. The first plunger 9A, the first diaphragm 8A, the stem 37, the second diaphragm 8B, and the second plunger 9B are moved in a direction approaching the first elastic member 14A as a whole by the force. The first diaphragm 8A is opened and the second diaphragm 8B the first fluid passage 12A to block the second fluid passage 12B. The shape memory alloy wire 16 attached to the first plunger 9A is contracted and deformed by energization heating, and an external force is applied to the first plunger 9A by contraction and deformation.

  According to the three-way direction switching valve 300 according to the present embodiment, since the external force is applied to the first plunger 9A by contraction deformation of the shape memory alloy wire 16, heat generation as a whole of the direction switching valve can be suppressed and the size can be reduced. become. The shrinkage deformation of the shape memory alloy wire 16 may be caused by external heating instead of energization heating.

  Here, the first plunger 9A is mounted so as to cross the wire insertion hole 9Ae into which the bent shape memory alloy wire 16 is inserted and the wire insertion hole 9Ae, and is inserted into the wire insertion hole 9Ae. It has a pin 9Af that engages with the bent portion 16a of the alloy wire 16 and anchors the shape memory alloy wire 16 in the wire insertion hole 9Ae. By attaching the shape memory alloy wire 16 to the first plunger 9A as described above, it is possible to reduce the size of the mechanism that drives the first plunger 9A.

(3) Normal open type two-way directional control valve (Figs. 7 and 8)
FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a normally open two-way directional switching valve 400 according to another embodiment of the present invention, and is a sectional view when the valve is opened. FIG. FIG.

  7 and 8, the direction switching valve 400 includes a bracket 1, a body 3 attached to the bracket 1, a cord 4 extending from the bracket 1 to the outside, a case 60 attached to the bracket 1, and the like.

  In the body 3, a gasket housing groove 7 for housing a substantially 8-shaped gasket 6 is formed at a connecting portion with a device (not shown) connected to the direction switching valve 400.

  A diaphragm housing chamber 11 is formed at the end of the body 3 on the bracket 1 side. The diaphragm housing chamber 11 houses a diaphragm 8, a small diameter portion 9h of a spring receiver 9g, a cylindrical diaphragm retainer 10, and a spring 14 as an elastic member. The spring receiver 9g is a component of the plunger 9. The diaphragm retainer 10 has a spring receiving portion. The outer peripheral edge 8 b of the diaphragm 8 is sandwiched between the annular step surface of the diaphragm housing chamber 11 and the spring receiving portion of the diaphragm retainer 10. The spring 14 is fitted on the outer periphery of the spring receiver small-diameter portion 9h, and is disposed in a compressed state between the annular surface of the spring receiver 9g and the annular surface of the diaphragm retainer 10.

  An inflow passage (fluid passage) 12 and an outflow passage 13 are formed between the diaphragm housing chamber 11 and the gasket housing groove 7, and the inflow passage 12 has two holes 6 a, The outflow passage 13 communicates with the other hole 6b, and communicates with one of the holes 6a. The inflow passage 12 is formed on an extension of the axis of the plunger 9. A valve body 8c of the diaphragm 8 is disposed opposite to the opening of the inflow passage 12.

  A plunger accommodating chamber 15 is formed at the end of the bracket 1 on the body 3 side. The plunger accommodating chamber 15 accommodates the large diameter portion 9i of the spring receiver 9g. The bracket 1 is formed with a stem accommodating through hole 62. The stem 61 is accommodated in the stem accommodating through hole 62 so as to be movable in the axial direction of the plunger 9. The stem 61 is a component of the plunger 9, and one end portion 61 a of the stem 61 can come into contact with the spring receiving large-diameter portion 9 i.

  A protrusion 63 is formed at the end of the bracket 1 opposite to the diaphragm 8, and a cylindrical guide 64 is attached to the protrusion 63. A plunger main body 65 which is a component of the plunger 9 is accommodated on the inner peripheral surface of the guide 64 so as to be movable in the axial direction. The plunger main body 65 can come into contact with the other end portion 61 b of the stem 61. A cushion rubber 66 is disposed between the protrusion 63 of the bracket 1 and the plunger main body 65.

  A pin 67 is attached to the plunger main body 65, and a bent portion 16 a of the shape memory alloy wire 16 is engaged with the pin 67. Both ends of the shape memory alloy wire 16 are fixed to the bracket 1. The shape memory alloy wire 16 is electrically connected to the lead wire 19, and the lead wire 19 is connected to the cord 4.

  Next, the operation of the direction switching valve 400 configured as described above will be described.

  When no current flows through the shape memory alloy wire 16, the shape memory alloy wire 16 is in an extended state, and as shown in FIG. 7, the plunger 9 (spring receiver 9 g, stem 61, plunger body 65) and diaphragm 8 Is positioned away from the opening of the inflow passage 12 as a whole by the urging force of the spring 14 (the force in the direction of arrow f in FIG. 7), and the valve body portion 8c of the diaphragm 8 opens the inflow passage 12 and The passage from the outlet passage 13 to the outflow passage 13 is in communication.

  Thereafter, when the shape memory alloy wire 16 is energized through the cord 4 and the lead wire 19, the shape memory alloy wire 16 generates heat and contracts. This contraction force is a force in the direction in which the plunger 9 is advanced via the pin 67 (the direction of arrow e in FIG. 7), and the plunger 9 is advanced against the urging force of the spring 14. When the plunger 9 moves forward, as shown in FIG. 8, the valve body 8 c of the diaphragm 8 is pressed against the opening of the inflow passage 12, so that the inflow passage 12 is blocked, and the inflow passage 12 passes to the outflow passage 13. The path to reach is blocked.

  Thereafter, when the energization is stopped, the shape memory alloy 16 returns to the extended state again, the plunger 9 returns to the original position by the urging force of the spring 14, and the passage from the inflow passage 12 to the outflow passage 13 is opened.

  As described above, the normally open two-way opening direction switching valve 400 according to the present embodiment includes the plunger 9 that can reciprocate in the axial direction, and the diaphragm 8 that is attached to the end of the plunger 9. A fluid passage (inflow passage 12) that is opened and closed by the diaphragm 8 and an elastic member (spring 14) that urges the plunger 9 toward the original position, and when no external force is applied to the plunger 9, the plan The jar 9 is held in its original position, and the diaphragm 8 opens the fluid passage 12. When an external force is applied to the plunger 9, the plunger 9 moves forward against the urging force of the elastic member 14, and the diaphragm 8 moves to the fluid passage 12. Shut off. The shape memory alloy wire 16 attached to the plunger 9 is contracted and deformed by energization heating, and an external force is applied to the plunger 9 by the contraction and deformation.

  According to the normally open type two-way directional switching valve 400 according to the present embodiment, since an external force is applied to the plunger 9 by contraction deformation of the shape memory alloy wire 16, heat generation as a whole directional switching valve is suppressed and a small size is achieved. Can be realized. The shrinkage deformation of the shape memory alloy wire 16 may be caused by external heating instead of energization heating.

1 is a plan view of a normally closed two-way opening direction switching valve according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is II-II sectional drawing shown in FIG. 1, and is sectional drawing at the time of valve closing. It is II-II sectional drawing shown in FIG. 1, Comprising: It is sectional drawing at the time of valve opening. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 1. FIG. 5 is an assembly process diagram of the direction switching valve shown in FIGS. 1 to 4. It is sectional drawing of the direction switching valve of the three-way port which concerns on other embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the normally open type two-way opening direction switching valve concerning other embodiment of this invention, Comprising: It is sectional drawing at the time of valve opening. It is sectional drawing at the time of valve closing of the same direction switching valve. It is a top view of the conventional normally closed type two-way port direction switching valve. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XX in FIG. 9 and is a cross-sectional view when the valve is closed. It is sectional drawing of the conventional three-way port direction switching valve. It is sectional drawing of the conventional normal open type two-way port direction switching valve.

Explanation of symbols

100 Normal-closed two-way port direction switching valve 300 Three-way port direction switching valve 400 Normal-open type two-way port direction switching valve 8 Diaphragm 8A First diaphragm 8B Second diaphragm 9 Plunger 9A First plunger 9B 2nd plunger 9e Wire insertion hole 9f Pin 12 Inflow passage (fluid passage)
12A First inflow passage (first fluid passage)
12B Second inflow passage (second fluid passage)
14 Spring (elastic member)
14A First spring (first elastic member)
14B Second spring (second elastic member)
16 Shape memory alloy wire 16a Bending part 37 Stem

Claims (5)

A plunger capable of reciprocating in the axial direction; a diaphragm attached to an end of the plunger; a fluid passage that is opened and closed by the diaphragm; and an elastic member that biases the plunger toward the original position. When the external force is not applied to the plunger, the plunger is held in its original position, the diaphragm blocks the fluid passage, and when the external force is applied to the plunger, the plunger is the elastic member. In the normally closed two-way directional switching valve that moves forward against the biasing force of the diaphragm and opens the fluid passage,
A shape memory alloy wire is attached to the plunger, and the shape memory alloy wire is configured to be contracted and deformed by energization heating or external heating and to apply the external force to the plunger by the contraction deformation. Features a normally closed two-way directional switching valve. The plunger is
A wire insertion hole into which the bent shape memory alloy wire is inserted;
A pin that is mounted across the wire insertion hole, engages with a bent portion of the shape memory alloy wire inserted into the wire insertion hole, and anchors the shape memory alloy wire within the wire insertion hole. The normally closed two-way opening direction switching valve according to claim 1. A first plunger capable of reciprocating in the axial direction, a first diaphragm disposed at an end of the first plunger, a first fluid passage opened and closed by the first diaphragm, and the same as the first plunger A second plunger capable of reciprocating in the axial direction, a second diaphragm disposed at an end of the second plunger, a second fluid passage opened and closed by the second diaphragm, the first diaphragm, and the A stem disposed between the second diaphragm, a first elastic member that urges the first plunger in a direction toward the second plunger, and a second plunger toward the first plunger A second elastic member biased in the direction, and when an external force is not applied to the first plunger, the biasing force of the first elastic member is biased by the second elastic member. The first plunger, the first diaphragm, the stem, the second diaphragm, and the second plunger are located in a direction away from the first elastic member as a whole, and the first diaphragm is the first fluid. When the passage is blocked and the second diaphragm opens the second fluid passage and an external force is applied to the first plunger, the biasing force of the first elastic member is nullified by the external force, and the second elasticity The first plunger, the first diaphragm, the stem, the second diaphragm, and the second plunger are moved in a direction approaching the first elastic member as a whole by the biasing force of the member, and the first diaphragm is A three-way directional control valve that opens the first fluid passage and the second diaphragm blocks the second fluid passage;
A shape memory alloy wire is attached to the first plunger, and the shape memory alloy wire is contracted and deformed by energization heating or external heating, and the external force is applied to the first plunger by the contraction deformation. A directional switching valve having a three-way opening. The first plunger is
A wire insertion hole into which the bent shape memory alloy wire is inserted;
A pin that is mounted so as to cross the wire insertion hole, engages with a bent portion of the shape memory alloy wire inserted into the wire insertion hole, and anchors the shape memory alloy wire within the wire insertion hole. The three-way port direction switching valve according to claim 3. A plunger capable of reciprocating in the axial direction; a diaphragm attached to an end of the plunger; a fluid passage that is opened and closed by the diaphragm; and an elastic member that biases the plunger toward the original position. When the external force is not applied to the plunger, the plunger is held in its original position, the diaphragm opens the fluid passage, and when the external force is applied to the plunger, the plunger is the elastic member. In the normally open type two-way directional switching valve that moves forward against the biasing force of the diaphragm and blocks the fluid passage,
A shape memory alloy wire is attached to the plunger, and the shape memory alloy wire is configured to be contracted and deformed by energization heating or external heating and to apply the external force to the plunger by the contraction deformation. Features a normally open type two-way directional switching valve.

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