JP2006037641A - Underwater ecosystem restoration block and its installation structure - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To exhibit a function of revetment and floor hardening in a river, etc., and at the same time, form various spaces on the spot according to the place where it is installed and the type of aquatic animal that grows. To provide an underwater ecosystem restoration block and its installation structure capable of reliably and easily forming a suitable habitat and restoring the ecosystem.
An upper plate having a plan view shape of any one of a square, a rectangle, and a regular hexagon, and a plurality of legs integrally provided at a lower portion of the upper plate, the legs being adjacent to the upper plate. It consists of one wall-like leg provided in the shape of a wall below the side connecting the two corners, and a plurality of independent legs provided independently below the remaining corners of the upper plate, An aquatic ecosystem restoration block having at least one through hole is installed in the upper plate.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an underwater ecosystem restoration block that can restore an underwater ecosystem by being installed in a river, a lake, a marsh, a pond, the sea, and the like, and an installation structure thereof.

Traditionally, in Japan, river development has been promoted exclusively for flood control and water use.
However, the river development carried out for this purpose was completely lacking the philosophy of preserving the river environment, so Habitat (the growth and habitat of organisms) ), Destroying existing ecosystems, and often killing aquatic animals growing in rivers.
For example, straightening rivers causes the disappearance of rivers and corals, concrete revetments and floors eliminate underwater animal dwellings and feeding grounds, and floor stops (drop heads) can hinder fish from going up. It was.

In view of this situation, in recent years, the conservation and restoration of the natural environment has been greatly taken into consideration when conducting river control and water utilization, and there are many blocks for river installation that take into account the conservation of the natural environment. Has been created.
As a block for river installation in consideration of conservation of the natural environment, for example, there is a floor protection block disclosed in Patent Document 1 below.

JP 2003-261919 A

The block disclosed in Patent Document 1 intends to use a gap formed between the blocks when installed on a river bed as a living space for an underwater animal.
However, most of the conventional blocks installed in the water of rivers and the like represented by this block are formed in a symmetrical shape, so the variation of the space formed when arranging them is very scarce and uniform. Depending on the situation of rivers and the type of aquatic animals that grow, it is possible to form a wide variety of spaces on the spot in a flexible manner to form a habitat suitable for aquatic animals reliably and easily. could not.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and at the same time can exert the function of revetment and floor consolidation in rivers, etc., according to the place where it is installed and the type of aquatic animals that grow, We do not provide an underwater ecosystem restoration block and its installation structure that can form various habitats on the spot flexibly and on the spot to form a habitat suitable for underwater animals reliably and easily, and restore and protect the ecosystem. It is what.

The invention according to claim 1 is composed of an upper plate having a plan view shape of any one of a square, a rectangle, and a regular hexagon, and a plurality of legs integrally provided at a lower portion of the upper plate. One wall-like leg provided in a wall shape below the side connecting two adjacent corners of the upper plate, and a plurality of independent legs provided independently below the remaining corners of the upper plate, respectively. The above-mentioned upper plate is provided with at least one through-hole, and relates to an aquatic ecosystem restoration block.
The invention according to claim 2 relates to the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 1, wherein the wall-like leg is provided with a through hole.
The invention according to claim 3 relates to the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a through hole is provided in the independent leg.
The invention according to claim 4 relates to the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a stone plant is provided on the upper surface of the upper plate.
The invention according to claim 5 relates to the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the height of the leg is at least twice the thickness of the upper plate.
The invention according to claim 6 relates to the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an edge of at least one side between adjacent legs of the upper plate is cut out.

A seventh aspect of the present invention relates to an installation structure for an underwater ecosystem restoration block, wherein a plurality of the blocks according to any one of the first to sixth aspects are arranged and installed in water such as a river.
The invention according to claim 8 relates to the installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein the block is installed on concrete.
The invention according to claim 9 relates to the installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 8, wherein the concrete is made of cast-in-place concrete poured from the through hole of the upper plate after the block is installed.
In the invention according to claim 10, the concrete is made of a precast concrete plate, and the concrete plate is embedded so that the reinforcing bar is exposed on the upper surface. The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to claim 8, wherein the installation structure is integrated with a cast-in-place concrete poured from a through hole.
In the invention according to claim 11, a plurality of blocks are arranged side by side so that independent legs face each other with a gap corresponding to one block, and the legs of these blocks are integrated by placing a reinforcing bar and a cast-in-place concrete. The present invention relates to an installation structure for an aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 8.

The invention according to claim 12 is an installation structure in which a plurality of blocks according to claim 5 are arranged side by side and installed in water such as a river, and the plurality of blocks are blocks installed with legs down, The present invention relates to an installation structure for an aquatic ecosystem restoration block, which is composed of blocks placed upside down with their legs up, and these blocks are arranged side by side so that independent legs are adjacent to each other.
According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, the block includes a block having an upper plate having a square plan view shape, and wall-like legs of the plurality of blocks are linearly continuous in a direction substantially parallel to the water flow direction. It has the linear space formed by arrange | positioning, It is related with the installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block of Claim 7 characterized by the above-mentioned.
In a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, the block includes a block having an upper plate having a square plan view shape, and a right-angle wall portion in which the wall-like legs of the two blocks are arranged in an L shape or an inverted L shape. The right-angled wall portion has one wall-like leg disposed substantially at right angles to the water flow direction, thereby guiding the direction of the water flow to the right or left, and the right-angle wall guiding the direction change to the right. 8. The underwater ecosystem according to claim 7, wherein the wall and the right-angle wall that guides the direction change to the left have meandering spaces formed by being alternately arranged along the water flow direction. It relates to the installation structure of the restoration block.
The invention according to claim 15 is characterized in that the block comprises a block having an upper plate having a square plan view shape and has a closed space surrounded by wall-like legs of four blocks. 7. The installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block according to 7.
The invention according to claim 16 is characterized in that blocks are arranged so that at least two of the linear space, meandering space, and closed space are formed. It relates to the installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block.

According to the seventeenth aspect of the present invention, the block includes a block having an upper plate having a regular hexagonal plan view shape, and a corner portion where the corner portions of the three blocks are close to each other is a portion where the three independent legs are close to each other. At least three of a portion where two independent legs and one wall-shaped leg are close to each other, a portion where one independent leg and two wall-shaped legs are close to each other, and a portion where three wall-shaped legs are close to each other It has a part, It is related with the installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block of Claim 7 characterized by the above-mentioned.
The invention according to claim 18 relates to the installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 14, characterized in that it has a closed space surrounded by wall-like legs of six blocks.
The invention according to claim 19 is that a plurality of blocks are provided with steps in the width direction of the river, and adjacent blocks with steps are arranged so that the wall-like legs are close to each other. The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to any one of claims 7 to 18.

The invention according to claim 20 is characterized in that at least one block among the plurality of blocks arranged in the water flow direction is installed so as to be higher or lower than the other blocks. It relates to the installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block described in any one of the above.
The invention according to claim 21 is characterized in that the block comprises a block having an upper plate having a rectangular plan view shape, and wall-like legs of the plurality of blocks are arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the water flow direction. It is related with the installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block of Claim 7.
According to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, the block includes a block having an upper plate having a rectangular plan view shape, the plurality of blocks are arranged in a pile shape in the plan view, and the wall-like legs are in the water flow direction. The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to claim 7, wherein the underwater ecosystem restoration block is arranged in a substantially perpendicular direction.
The invention according to claim 23 is characterized in that the block comprises a block having an upper plate having a rectangular plan view shape, and a plurality of blocks are arranged in a valley shape in plan view. It relates to the installation structure of the described aquatic ecosystem restoration block.

The invention according to claim 24 is a block having a top plate having a square plan view shape, and a rectangular plan view having a short side having the same length as the side of the square and a long side having a length approximately twice as long. The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to claim 7, wherein the installation block is combined with a block having an upper plate having a shape.
The invention according to claim 25 is arranged so that the wall-like legs of adjacent blocks are close to each other, and after adjacent blocks are connected by inserting a reinforcing bar into the through-hole of the wall-like leg, The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to claim 9, wherein the cast-in-place concrete is poured and solidified from a through hole of the upper plate so as to cover the reinforcing bar.
The invention according to claim 26 relates to the installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein the blocks are arranged in a circular arc shape in plan view.
The invention according to claim 27 has a wall plate for closing between the independent legs of the blocks, and the wall plate is interposed between the blocks arranged side by side so that the independent legs are adjacent to each other. It has a through-hole, It is related with the installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block of Claim 7 characterized by the above-mentioned.

According to the first aspect of the invention, the function of revetment and floor hardening can be demonstrated by installing it in a river or the like, and at the same time, the upper plate is a square, rectangular or regular hexagonal plan view shape and the legs are By consisting of one wall-like leg and multiple independent legs, each block can be rotated and arranged adjacent to any angle, so that various shaped spaces can be placed under the upper plate in the field. It can be formed flexibly. And depending on the shape of the space formed according to the arrangement of the blocks, the underground water flow that flows in the space can be changed freely, such as making it a fast flow or not flowing at all, thereby It is also possible to adjust the amount of sediment in the river, and it is possible to easily and reliably form a habitat suitable for the growth of underwater animals in water such as rivers, and to restore and protect the ecosystem. In addition, the through holes provided in the upper plate are used as entrance / exit holes for fish and other underwater animals to enter and exit the space, plant growth holes, input holes for water purification substances such as oyster shells, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc. In addition, it becomes a passage through which the water flow passes upward, and the lifting pressure applied to the block can be reduced.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 2 and 3, the through-hole provided in the leg becomes an entrance for small fish etc. chased by large fish, such as a black bass, and can protect small animals, such as small fish At the same time, the blocks can be easily connected to each other through the reinforcing bar.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 4, food grounds, such as a salmon, are produced in a river when a moss grows on the stone plant provided in the upper board.
According to the invention of claim 5, when the upright blocks and the inverted blocks are arranged side by side, it becomes possible to create a gap between the adjacent upper plates, and more space shapes Can be created.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 6, the earth and sand etc. which accumulate in the space formed under the upper board can be made to flow out from the notch part formed in the upper board, and it prevents that a space is buried with earth and sand. Can do. The notch also serves as an entrance for underwater animals to enter and exit the space.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 7, the shape of the downward space of an upper board can be variously changed only by changing arrangement | positioning of a wall-shaped leg suitably. Then, the flow velocity in the space can be changed by the change in the space shape, and as a result, sediment with different particle diameters accumulates in the space, so that depending on the situation of the river and the type of the underwater animal that grows, Habitat suitable for animals can be reliably and easily formed, and the ecosystem can be restored.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 8, it prevents that a block inclines or falls by the unequal subsidence and scouring of a riverbed.
According to the invention which concerns on Claim 9, while being able to prevent the inclination and fall of a block, there exists a merit which can adjust the height of a block freely on the spot.
According to the invention of claim 10, the block is prevented from being inclined or toppled over due to unequal subsidence or scouring of the riverbed, and the rebar is integrated with the cast-in-place concrete, thereby improving the stability of the block. It becomes possible to raise very much.
According to the invention according to claim 11, the blocks are firmly connected to each other so that they do not flow out even during a flood, and gravel accumulated in the space is sucked out from between the independent legs when the water increases. Furthermore, fish and the like can enter and exit from the through hole provided in the upper plate.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 12, since a clearance gap arises between adjacent upper boards, the variation of still more space shape can be created rather than the time of arranging upright blocks. In addition, it is possible to allow sediment and the like accumulated in the space of the upright block to flow out between the independent legs when the water increases several times a year.
According to the thirteenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to create a fast flow area in a space formed below the upper plate.
According to the fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the space formed below the upper plate, the water flow can meander separately from the flow of the river, and it is suitable as a fishway for the fish to go up slowly and to move up. Can create a new area.
According to the fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the space formed below the upper plate, apart from the flow of the river, it is hardly affected by the water flow and is an area suitable as a place for living underwater animals and plant growth. Can be created.
According to the inventions according to claims 16 and 17, various flows can be created separately from the river flow in the space formed below the upper plate. For example, the upstream area, middle river area, lower river area, By setting different flows in the space divided into basins, it is possible to form habitats that match the types of underwater animals that grow in each basin. Therefore, various animals and plants are nurtured in the river, and the ecosystem can be protected and restored throughout the basin.

According to the eighteenth aspect of the present invention, it is possible to create an area suitable for a dwelling place for aquatic animals and a growing space for plants in the space formed below the upper plate, hardly affected by water flow.
According to the nineteenth aspect of the present invention, in the cross section of the river, the waterside plants can grow on the riverside by increasing the both ends of the river width. It is also possible to form a water channel by closing the through hole formed in the leg with a stopper.
According to the twentieth aspect of the invention, the effect of slowing down the flow speed during flooding can be obtained, and the unevenness rich in change can cause the water current to become sluggish and have a positive effect on the ecosystem. Moreover, since the turbulent flow causes water to enter the vortex through the through hole, the space can be kept clean.

According to the invention which concerns on Claim 21, a quick flow can be created in the space formed under the upper board.
According to the invention of claim 22, apart from the river flow, it is possible to create a gentle and serpentine flow in the space formed below the upper plate.
According to the twenty-third aspect of the present invention, it is possible to create a relatively fast flow that gently meanders in the space formed below the upper plate in the space formed below the upper plate.

According to the invention of claim 24, it is possible to install a square block and a rectangular block side by side, and a space rich in variations compared to the case of using a single block. Can be created, making it more suitable for ecosystems.
According to the invention of claim 25, the blocks can be reliably and firmly connected to each other, and the weight of the blocks can be increased to prevent the outflow, and the weight is less expensive than manufacturing a large block from the beginning. Can be obtained.
According to the twenty-sixth aspect of the present invention, since the river bed is deeply swept by collecting the water flow at one place, it is possible to form a small ridge suitable for the ecosystem in any location of the river flow.
According to the twenty-seventh aspect of the invention, the wall board prevents large fish from entering the space between the independent legs, thus preventing fry and small fish from being eaten by large fish. It becomes possible to do.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the underwater ecosystem restoration block and the installation structure thereof according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIGS. 1 to 3 are views showing first to third embodiments of the underwater ecosystem restoration block according to the present invention, respectively, (a) being a front perspective view and (b) being a rear perspective view.
The block (1) according to the present invention includes an upper plate (2) having a square shape in plan view, and a leg (3) provided integrally with a lower portion of the upper plate (2). Is perpendicular to the upper plate (2).

In the block of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the upper plate (2) is formed in a square shape in plan view.
The reason why the plan view of the upper plate (2) is square is that when arranging a plurality of blocks in a regular arrangement, each block can be rotated and arranged in an arbitrary direction. is there. That is, according to the square block, it can be rotated and arranged in four different directions of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° in relation to the flow of water and the wall-like legs.
The leg (3) has one wall-like leg (3a) provided in the shape of a wall along the side connecting two adjacent corners of the upper plate (2) and the rest of the upper plate (2). The two independent legs (3b) provided independently below the two corners of each of the two corners, and thus having the legs below the four corners, it is possible to stably and independently stand. can do.
In addition, a space (4) surrounded by these three legs is formed below the upper plate (2), and the water stream and the underwater animal are located between the two independent legs (3b) or the wall-shaped legs (3a). And the independent leg (3b) can enter and leave this space (4).

In the block of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the upper plate (2) is formed in a regular hexagonal shape in plan view.
The plan view shape of the upper plate (2) is a regular hexagonal shape so that when arranging a plurality of blocks regularly, they can be arranged by rotating each block in an arbitrary direction. It is. That is, according to the regular hexagonal block, it is rotated and arranged in six different directions of 0 °, 60 °, 120 °, 180 °, 240 °, and 300 ° in the relationship between the flow of water and the wall-like legs. be able to.
The leg (3) has one wall-like leg (3a) provided in the shape of a wall along the side connecting two adjacent corners of the upper plate (2) and the rest of the upper plate (2). The four independent legs (3b) provided independently below the four corners of each of the four corners, and thus, each of the legs below the six corners provides stable and independent support. can do.
In addition, a space (4) surrounded by these five legs is formed below the upper plate (2), and the water stream and the underwater animals are placed between two adjacent independent legs (3b) or wall-shaped legs ( It is possible to enter and leave this space (4) through between 3a) and the independent leg (3b).

In the block of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the upper plate (2) is formed in a rectangular shape in plan view.
The reason why the plan view of the upper plate (2) is rectangular is that when arranging a plurality of blocks regularly, the blocks can be rotated and arranged in any direction. is there. That is, according to the rectangular block, it can be rotated and arranged in four different directions of 0 °, 90 °, 180 °, and 270 ° in relation to the flow of water and the wall-shaped legs.
In the present invention, as described later, the square block of the first embodiment and the rectangular block of the second embodiment may be mixed and installed, and at this time, the blocks are regularly arranged. The length of the long side of the rectangle is set to approximately twice the length of the short side so that the length of the short side is equal to one side of the upper plate of the block of the first embodiment. Is preferred.
The leg (3) has one wall-like leg (3a) provided in the shape of a wall along the side connecting two adjacent corners of the upper plate (2) and the rest of the upper plate (2). The two independent legs (3b) provided independently below the two corners of the two, and one independent leg (3b) provided independently below the center of the long side, As described above, the legs are respectively provided below the four corners and at the center of the long side, so that they can stand on their own. In the third embodiment, the central independent leg (3b) may be omitted, and the number of independent legs (3b) may be two.
In addition, a space (4) surrounded by these three or four legs is formed below the upper plate (2), and water currents and underwater animals can be placed between adjacent independent legs (3b) or wall-shaped legs ( It is possible to enter and leave this space (4) through between 3a) and the independent leg (3b).

In the blocks of the first to third embodiments, a plurality of through holes (5) are formed in the wall-like leg (3a).
The space (4) is a place for various underwater creatures and the stage of the food chain, but the through hole (5) in the wall-shaped leg (3a) is for a small fish chased by a large fish such as a black bass to escape. It becomes the entrance. Therefore, the size of the through hole (5) is preferably a small diameter of about 5 to 10 cm. Such a through hole (5) can also be formed by embedding a pipe (shown by a double circle in the figure).
A similar through hole (15) can be formed in the independent leg (3b). The through-hole (15) provided in the independent leg (3b) is suitably used for connecting adjacent blocks with a reinforcing bar or the like. In addition, it is also possible to use the through-hole (5) of the wall-like leg (3a) as a hole for connecting reinforcing bars.

The upper plate (2) is also provided with a through hole (6). In the illustrated example, one through hole (6) is provided, but two or more through holes (6) may be provided. In this case, the size of each through hole can be made different.
This through-hole (6) is used as an entrance / exit hole for underwater animals such as fish to enter / exit into the space (4), a hole for plant growth, an input hole for water purification substances such as oyster shell, charcoal, bamboo charcoal, etc. . Moreover, the lifting pressure applied to a block can be reduced because a water flow passes upward from this through-hole (6).
In addition, it is preferable to provide a through-hole (6) that is at least large enough for a human hand to enter, because it is possible to easily perform a connecting operation by using reinforcing bars between blocks, which will be described later.

Furthermore, a vegetation stone (7) protrudes from the surface of the upper plate (2), and moss that serves as bait such as cocoons grows on the stone formation (7) thus provided.
As for the stone planting (7), natural stones in rivers may be embedded in the upper plate (2) as they are, but it is preferable to bury them by cutting or polishing the upper part of the stone to make it flat.
This is because when natural stones are embedded as they are, the natural stones protrude greatly upward, and there is a possibility that driftwood and gravel will collide and fall off when the water increases.
Further, a hook (8) for suspending is provided on the surface of the upper plate (2), and chamfering for preventing chipping of the concrete is performed on the outer edge of the upper end.

Further, the upper plate (2) is formed with a notch (13) that is notched with the edge of the side between the adjacent legs (3) centered. The notch (13) is formed on only one side in the illustrated example, but can be formed on two or more sides.
By providing such a notch (13), when a plurality of blocks are arranged adjacent to each other, earth and sand accumulated in the space (4) can be discharged from the notch (13). Can be prevented from being buried with. It also serves as an entrance / exit for underwater animals to enter and exit the space (4).

The height of the leg (3) is preferably at least twice the thickness of the upper plate (2).
This is because, as will be described later, when the upright blocks and the inverted blocks are arranged side by side, it is possible to create a gap between the adjacent upper plates (2).
In addition, on the inverted block, a natural stone of Kawahara can be collected and placed as will be described later. Natural stone serves as a weight to prevent the block from being lost, and the gap formed between the natural stones creates a favorable environment for the ecosystem.

The block according to the present invention described above is preferably made of concrete and is reinforced concrete with a reinforcing bar inside. The concrete used may be ordinary concrete, or porous concrete may be used in whole or in part. Moreover, the recycled product which reused the concrete shell may be sufficient. Further, it may be a secondary product produced in a factory, or may be produced by placing and curing using a formwork at the site.
In any case, the weight of the block is about a few tons so as not to be washed away.

Hereinafter, the installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block according to the present invention will be described.
The installation structure according to the present invention is configured by arranging a plurality of blocks (1) of the above-described form in the water such as a river. In addition, the solid line arrow in FIG. 4 thru | or FIG. 10 has shown the flow of the water in space (4).
FIG. 4 is a plan view showing an example of a state in which the blocks of the first embodiment are arranged side by side.
In order to facilitate understanding of the drawings, the through hole (6) provided in the upper plate is not shown in FIGS. 4 to 10, and the outer shape of the leg (3) is drawn with a solid line, Only (3a) is hatched.

  As can be seen from the figure, according to the block of the first embodiment, the block (1) is installed by rotating it to an arbitrary angle, and by changing the arrangement (position and orientation) of the wall-like leg (3a), The shape of the space (4) formed by the plurality of blocks can be changed variously. The direction and speed of the water current are determined by the shape of the space (4), which greatly affects the ecology of fish and other underwater animals.

The area in the left two columns represented by the reference symbol (A) has a block pair in which two independent legs (3b) provided in each of the two blocks are arranged close to each other. This is an area where a linear space is formed by arranging the wall-like legs (3a) so as to be linearly continuous in a direction substantially parallel to the water flow direction.
In this area, the water flow is not hindered by the wall-like legs (3a), and a fast flow is formed in the space (4) between the wall-like legs (3a).

The central two rows of areas represented by reference numeral (B) form a right-angle wall portion by arranging the wall-like legs (3a) of the two blocks in an L-shape or an inverted L-shape, and this right-angle wall portion. By placing one wall-like leg of the tube so that it is almost perpendicular to the river flow, the water flow direction to the right or left is guided, and the right-angle wall part that guides the direction change to the right and the left This is an area in which meandering spaces are formed by alternately arranging right-angle wall portions that guide the direction change in the direction of the river.
In this area, the water flow is meandered by the right-angle wall portion, so that the flow becomes slow, and it is suitable as a fish path for fish going up.

The area represented by reference numeral (C) is an area in which a closed space surrounded by wall-like legs (3a) of four blocks is formed.
The closed space formed in this way is hardly affected by the water flow and becomes a space into which the water flow enters only from the through hole (6), and is suitable as a dwelling space for underwater animals and a plant growing space.

In the installation structure according to the present invention, the linear space, the meandering space, and the closed space described above can be provided alone or in appropriate combination of two or more. In addition, at the corner where the corners of the four blocks are close, four independent legs are close, three independent legs are close to one wall leg, two independent legs are close to two wall legs However, in the present invention, two, three, or four of these patterns are conceivable, in which one independent leg and three wall legs are close to each other, and four wall legs are close to each other. One or a combination of five can be used.
Specifically, the number of patterns in the spatial shape formed by the square blocks of the first embodiment is 4 for one block, 4 × 4 = 16 for 2 blocks, and 4 × 4 × 4 for 3 blocks. = 64 ways, 4 blocks with 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 256 ways, and so on, as the number of blocks increases, it will increase geometrically.

  In this way, there are so many variations in the shape of the space formed when they are arranged, so a wide variety of spaces can be flexibly formed on site according to the conditions of rivers and the type of aquatic animals that grow. Thus, it is possible to reliably and easily form an optimum habitat for an underwater animal.

FIG. 5 is a plan view showing an example of a state in which the blocks of the second embodiment are arranged side by side.
In addition, in order to make an understanding of a figure easy, illustration of the through-hole (6) provided in the upper board is abbreviate | omitted, and the leg (3) is drawn with the continuous line.
As can be seen from the figure, the block of the second embodiment can be installed by rotating the block (1) at an arbitrary angle and changing the arrangement (position and orientation) of the wall-like legs (3a). The shape of the space (4) formed by the blocks can be changed variously. The direction of the water flow is determined by the shape of the space (4), and has a great influence on the ecology of fish and other underwater animals.

In the block of the second embodiment, at the corner where the corners of the three blocks are close to each other, three independent legs are close to each other, two independent legs and one wall-like leg are close to each other, There are four possible patterns: two wall legs close to each other, and three wall legs close to each other. In the present invention, these patterns are arranged in two, three, or a combination of four. Can do.
Moreover, the closed space (C) surrounded by the wall-shaped part (3b) of six blocks can also be formed, and the closed space formed in this way hardly receives the influence of a water flow, and is a through-hole (6 ) From which the water flow enters only, and is suitable as a space for underwater animals and plant growth.
The number of spatial shape patterns formed by the regular hexagonal blocks of the second embodiment is 6 for one block, 6 × 6 = 36 for 2 blocks, 6 × 6 × 6 = 216 for 3 blocks, In the case of four blocks, 6 × 6 × 6 × 6 = 1296, and so on, as the number of blocks increases, the number of blocks increases geometrically. More than the blocks in the embodiment.

6 to 8 are plan views showing an example of a state in which the blocks of the third embodiment are arranged side by side.
In addition, in order to make an understanding of a figure easy, illustration of the through-hole (6) provided in the upper board is abbreviate | omitted, and the leg (3) is drawn with the continuous line.
In the example of FIG. 6, a plurality of blocks are arranged in a pile shape in a plan view, and the wall-like legs (3a) are arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the water flow direction. According to this arrangement, a gentle flow meandering in the space (4) can be created.
In the example of FIG. 7, a plurality of blocks arranged in a pile shape in a plan view are arranged in a state where they are rotated by 90 °, and the wall-like legs (3a) are arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the water flow direction. Yes. According to this arrangement, a fast flow can be created in the space (4). In addition, as indicated by broken arrows in the figure, the fish can freely move in the space (4) between the independent legs (3b) to adjacent blocks in the left-right direction.
In the example of FIG. 8, the plurality of blocks are arranged in a valley shape in plan view, and the wall-like legs (3a) are arranged obliquely with respect to the water flow direction. According to this arrangement, it is possible to create a relatively fast flow that gently meanders in the space (4).

As described above, the block of the third embodiment is also installed by rotating the block (1) at an arbitrary angle and changing the arrangement (position and orientation) of the wall-like legs (3a). It becomes possible to change the shape of the space (4) formed by variously, and various water flow directions and flow velocities can be set arbitrarily.
Specifically, the number of patterns of the spatial shape to be formed is 4 for one block, 4 × 4 = 16 for 2 blocks, and 4 × 4 for 3 blocks, as in the block of the first embodiment. As the number of blocks increases, the number of blocks increases in a geometric series, such as 4 × 4 = 64, 4 blocks, 4 × 4 × 4 × 4 = 256.

Moreover, in this invention, as shown in FIG.9 and FIG.10, the block of 1st embodiment and the block of 3rd embodiment can also be mixed and installed, and can be installed. In this case, the long side of the rectangle of the block of the second embodiment is formed to be approximately twice the length of one side of the square of the block of the first embodiment, for example, slightly longer than two times. It is preferable to form a slight gap between the blocks.
By mixing square and rectangular blocks in this way, variations in the orientation of the wall-like legs increase, so that a more complex water flow can be created. For example, when rectangular blocks and square blocks are mixed as shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, (D) → (E) → (F) (see FIG. 9), (G) → (H) (see FIG. 10). The flow of water is created, and the rectangular block alone allows fish to move between the left and right blocks, which are hindered by the presence of wall-like legs. Further, as indicated by broken line arrows in the drawing, the fish can freely move in the space (4) between the independent legs (3b) to adjacent blocks in the left-right direction.
Moreover, since the heavy rectangular block is installed in combination with the lightweight square block, the effect of preventing the block from flowing out can be obtained.

In the installation structure according to the present invention, when installing the blocks of the first to third embodiments, all the blocks may be installed in an upright state with the legs down, but with the legs upside down. It is also possible to mix blocks installed in an inverted state.
FIG. 11 is an example of an installation structure employing such a configuration, and shows a cross section of a river in which an upright block and an inverted block are arranged side by side.
On the inverted block, a natural stone from Kawahara can be collected and placed as shown in the block C in the figure. Natural stones act as a weight to prevent the block from being lost, and water moss grows on natural stones, and the gaps formed between natural stones serve as spawning places for fish and benthic animals, making it an ideal environment for ecosystems Produce.

At this time, as described above, if the height of the leg (3) is more than twice the thickness of the upper plate (2), a gap is created between the adjacent upper plates (2), Water and organisms can pass between the two blocks. In the upright block and the inverted block, the wall-shaped legs (3a) may be adjacent to each other, the wall-shaped legs (3a) and the independent legs (3b) may be adjacent to each other, or the independent legs (3b) may be adjacent to each other. May be adjacent to each other.
When the independent legs (3b) are arranged next to each other as in the illustrated example, earth and sand accumulated in the space of the upright block is allowed to flow out between the independent legs and the independent legs when the water increases several times a year. Is preferable, and sedimentation of earth and sand in the space can be prevented.

In the installation structure of FIG. 11, a step is provided between the areas A and B and the areas C and D, and between the areas C and D and the areas E and F. The height of the step may be set to such a level that a high-position block does not flow out even during a flood (for example, about half the block height).
The method of providing the step is not limited to this. For example, any step can be provided such as providing a step between D and E, or reversing the heights of D and E. The number of blocks in each area can be arbitrarily set according to the river width.
By doing in this way, a level | step difference (simple high water laid) is made in the whole river width, for example, the growth of a waterside plant is attained in the area of A. It is also possible to form a water channel by closing the through hole formed in the leg with a stopper.
Further, the present invention can also be applied in shallow and deep places (water ponds etc.) in the longitudinal direction of the river.

In the installation structure which concerns on this invention, it is preferable to install a block on the concrete provided in the riverbed surface.
In this case, it may be installed on a precast concrete plate or on cast-in-place concrete. By installing the block on the concrete, it is possible to prevent the block from being tilted or overturned due to uneven settlement of the riverbed or scouring.
When using a precast concrete board (14), as shown in FIG. 12, using a board embedded so that the hook-shaped reinforcing bar (10) is exposed on the upper surface, the reinforcing bar exposed on the upper surface is placed after the block is installed. If the structure is integrated with the cast-in-place concrete (11) poured from the through hole (6) of the upper plate (2), the block can be prevented from tilting or overturning due to uneven settlement of the riverbed or scouring. At the same time, it is preferable that the rebar is integrated with the cast-in-place concrete because the stability of the block can be greatly increased.
When using the cast-in-place concrete, as shown in the block E of FIG. 11, the cast-in-place concrete (11) can be placed between the legs and integrated with the river bed. In this case, the base concrete may be formed by pouring concrete from the through hole (6) of the upper plate (2) after the block is installed.
In pouring concrete, it is preferable to insert an iron plate or a wooden plate between the blocks to block the through holes provided in the legs.

Further, in the present invention, as shown in FIG. 13, a step may be formed by making a part (one or two or more) of a plurality of arranged blocks higher than other blocks. it can.
Such step formation can be performed, for example, by providing concrete between the river bed surface and the legs. The concrete may be precast concrete board, or, as shown in the figure, after the concrete piece (9) is interposed under the leg, the concrete (11) is inserted from the through hole (6) of the upper board (2). It may be formed by pouring. When using cast-in-place concrete, there is an advantage that the height of the block can be adjusted freely at the site.
Conversely, a part (one or two or more) of a plurality of arranged blocks can be made lower than the other blocks.
The steps between the blocks as described above may be formed by making the leg length of a part (one or two or more) of the plurality of arranged blocks different from other blocks. Is possible. The height of the step formed is preferably about the thickness of the upper plate (2) of the block.
These block steps provide the effect of reducing the flow and slowing down the flow rate during floods, and the unevenness that is rich in changes creates a sway in the water flow and has a positive impact on the ecosystem. In addition, due to the occurrence of turbulent flow, water enters the through hole (6) in a vortex, so that it is difficult for sediment to accumulate in the space (4).

Further, in the installation structure according to the present invention, when the wall-shaped legs (3a) of adjacent blocks are arranged close to each other, as shown in FIG. 14, the through-holes (5 of the wall-shaped legs (3a) are provided. ), The adjacent blocks are connected to each other by inserting the grid-like reinforcing bars (10), and then the cast-in-place concrete (11) from the through hole (6) of the upper plate (2) so as to cover the reinforcing bars (10). By pouring and solidifying, the blocks can be reliably and firmly connected to each other.
When inserting the reinforcing bar (10), the reinforcing bar (10) is placed on the river bed in advance, and the block (1) is placed over the reinforcing bar (10) so that the reinforcing bar (10) is positioned in the space (4). ), Put a hand through the through hole (6) and insert it into the through hole (5).
In the block of the present invention, since the through-hole (15) can be provided in the independent leg (3b) as described above, the independent legs or the wall-like leg and the independent leg can be connected in the same manner as necessary. It is also possible to connect.
Also, three or more blocks can be connected in the same way, and the blocks can be connected in the vertical and horizontal directions using reinforcing bars combined in the vertical and horizontal directions.
By connecting a plurality of blocks in this way, the weight of the blocks can be increased to prevent outflow, and a heavy block can be obtained at a lower cost than manufacturing a large block from the beginning. In particular, it is preferable to connect a plurality of blocks because the blocks are likely to be lost immediately below the center of the flow.

FIG. 15 is a view showing another example of the installation structure according to the present invention.
In this example, a plurality of blocks (1) are arranged side by side so that the independent legs (3b) face each other with a gap corresponding to one block.
In this structure, the reinforcing bars are arranged so as to pass through the through holes (15) formed in the independent legs (3b) of the adjacent blocks and the through holes (5) formed in the wall-like legs (3a). It is formed by placing a base of cast-in-place concrete (11) from the through hole (6) of the plate (2). As a result, the adjacent blocks are firmly connected and integrated by the reinforcing bars and the cast-in-place concrete, and have a structure that will not be lost even during a flood.
In addition, the sediment deposited in the space (4) is sucked out from between the independent legs (3a) as indicated by arrows in the figure when the water increases, and fish enters and exits from the through hole (6) of the upper plate (2). Is possible.
In the illustrated example, two adjacent blocks are connected. However, three or more blocks may be connected by the same method.
This installation structure can be applied to a place where gravel accumulates, for example, rooting work considerably below the weir, and a good environment for the ecosystem is created by allowing the aquatic animals to enter and leave the space (4).
In addition, the conventional block has about 1 to 8 tons per block, and the installation of the formwork, the dismantling and the block suspending machine, etc. became large, and the construction cost was high. By using the base, it can be constructed at low cost.

FIG. 16 is a plan view showing another example of the installation structure according to the present invention.
In this example, a plurality of blocks (1) are arranged in an arc shape in plan view with an interval of about one block.
If the blocks are installed in this way, the river bed will be deepened by gathering the water flow in one place as shown in the figure, so a small ridge (shown by a broken line) is formed at any location in the river flow. Can be suitable for the ecosystem.

Further, in the installation structure according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. 17, the blocks can be installed at different intervals. In other words, it is possible to artificially create and arrange a narrow part and a wide part. Moreover, a concrete board can be inserted between blocks and a clearance gap can also be adjusted.
Furthermore, in a portion where the independent legs (3b) are adjacent to each other, a wall plate (12) made of an iron plate or a concrete plate having a small-diameter through hole through which a large fish cannot pass between the blocks is arranged. ) Block between the independent legs of the block (1) to prevent large fish from entering the space (4) from between the independent legs (3b) and (3b). Small fish and shrimps chased by large fish can escape from the small hole into the space (4). That is, by using such a wall plate (12), it is possible to form a wall similar to the wall-like leg on the site without a wall-like leg (3a).

The block and the installation structure according to the present invention described above can be used for a wide range of applications such as floor protection, floor fixing, three-sided flooring, root fixing, drop work, slope covering, etc. According to these constructions, a space serving as a habitat can be formed.
18 and 19 show an example thereof. FIG. 18 shows an installation structure in which the block (1) according to the present invention is used for slope coating, and FIG. 19 shows that the block (1) according to the present invention is used for drop construction. Shows the installation structure.
Moreover, it can also be set as the installation structure which has arrange | positioned the block which concerns on this invention on the riverbed in a stepping stone shape.

  Further, the block and the installation structure according to the present invention can be applied not only to rivers but also to water and watersides in other places. Specifically, loose revetments such as lakes, swamps, ponds, dams, coasts, etc. It can be used as a block installed in the sea or as a sea reef block.

  The present invention aims at restoring an underwater ecosystem such as rivers, lakes, swamps, seas, and ponds, and can be suitably used as a block for revetment or floor consolidation.

It is a figure which shows 1st embodiment of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block which concerns on this invention, Comprising: (a) is a surface perspective view, (b) is a back surface perspective view. It is a figure which shows 2nd embodiment of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block which concerns on this invention, Comprising: (a) is a surface perspective view, (b) is a back surface perspective view. It is a figure which shows 3rd embodiment of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block which concerns on this invention, Comprising: (a) is a surface perspective view, (b) is a back surface perspective view. It is a top view which shows an example of the state which installed the block of 1st embodiment side by side. It is a top view which shows an example of the state which installed the block of 2nd embodiment side by side. It is a top view which shows an example of the state which installed the block of 3rd embodiment side by side. It is a top view which shows an example of the state which installed the block of 3rd embodiment side by side. It is a top view which shows an example of the state which installed the block of 3rd embodiment side by side. It is a top view which shows an example of the state installed by mixing the block of 1st embodiment and 3rd embodiment. It is a top view which shows an example of the state installed by mixing the block of 1st embodiment and 3rd embodiment. A cross section of a river in which an upright block and an inverted block are arranged side by side is shown. It is a figure which shows a mode that a block is installed in the upper part of a precast concrete board. An installation structure is shown in which some blocks of a plurality of arranged blocks are raised above other blocks. It is a figure which shows the method of connecting adjacent blocks using a reinforcing bar. It is a figure which shows the installation structure where the some block is located in a line so that independent legs may face each other with the clearance gap for one block. It is a top view which shows another example of the installation structure which concerns on this invention. It is a figure which shows the example which installed the wall board between blocks. It is a figure which shows the installation structure which used the block which concerns on this invention for slope coating. It is a figure which shows the installation structure which used the block which concerns on this invention for the drop work.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Block 2 Upper board 3 Leg 3a Wall-like leg 3b Independent leg 4 Space 5 Wall-like leg through-hole 6 Upper board through-hole 7 Stone 10 Reinforcement 11 Cast-in-place concrete 12 Wall board 14 Precast concrete board 15 Independent leg penetration Hole

Claims (27)

  The upper plate has a square, rectangular, or regular hexagonal plan view shape, and a plurality of legs integrally provided at the lower portion of the upper plate, and the legs are two adjacent corners of the upper plate. A wall-like leg that is provided in a wall shape below the side connecting the parts, and a plurality of independent legs that are independently provided below the remaining corners of the upper plate. Is an aquatic ecosystem restoration block characterized by comprising at least one through hole.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 1, wherein a through hole is provided in the wall-like leg.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a through hole is provided in the independent leg.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a stone plant is provided on an upper surface of the upper plate.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the height of the leg is set to be twice or more the thickness of the upper plate.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein an edge portion of at least one side between adjacent legs of the upper plate is cut out.   An installation structure of an underwater ecosystem restoration block, wherein a plurality of the blocks according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are arranged and installed in water such as a river.   8. The installation structure of an underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein the block is installed on concrete.   9. The installation structure of an underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 8, wherein the concrete is made of cast-in-place concrete poured from the through hole of the upper plate after the block is installed.   The concrete is made of a precast concrete plate, embedded in the concrete plate so that the reinforcing bar is exposed on the upper surface, and the reinforcing bar exposed on the upper surface is poured from the through hole of the upper plate after the block is installed. The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to claim 8, wherein the installation structure is integrated with concrete.   A plurality of blocks are arranged side by side so that independent legs face each other with a gap for one block, and the legs of these blocks are integrated by placing reinforcing bars and cast-in-place concrete. The installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 8.   An installation structure in which a plurality of blocks according to claim 5 are arranged side by side and installed in the water of a river or the like, and the plurality of blocks are installed upside down with the blocks installed with the legs down and the legs up. An aquatic ecosystem restoration block installation structure characterized in that these blocks are arranged side by side so that independent legs are adjacent to each other.   The block is composed of a block having an upper plate having a square plan view shape, and the wall-like legs of the plurality of blocks are formed so as to be linearly continuous in a direction substantially parallel to the water flow direction. The installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, comprising a linear space.   The block comprises a block having an upper plate having a square plan view shape, and a right-angle wall portion in which wall-like legs of the two blocks are arranged in an L shape or an inverted L shape is formed. One wall-shaped leg is arranged at a right angle to the direction of the water flow, so that the direction of the water flow to the right or left is changed and the direction of the right wall and the direction to the left that guides the direction change to the right The installation structure of an underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein the right-angle wall portions for guiding the conversion have meandering spaces formed by being alternately arranged along the water flow direction.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein the block includes a block having an upper plate having a square plan view shape and has a closed space surrounded by wall-like legs of four blocks. Installation structure.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the blocks are arranged so that at least two of the linear space, the meandering space, and the closed space are formed. .   The block is composed of a block having an upper plate having a regular hexagonal plan view, and the corner portion where the corner portions of the three blocks are close to each other includes a portion where the three independent legs are adjacent, two independent legs, and 1 A portion in which one wall-like leg is adjacent, a portion in which one independent leg and two wall-like legs are in proximity, and a portion in which at least three wall-like legs are in proximity. The installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein   The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to claim 17, further comprising a closed space surrounded by wall-like legs of six blocks.   A plurality of blocks are installed with steps in the width direction of the river, and adjacent blocks with steps are arranged so that the wall-shaped legs are close to each other. The installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block in any one of 18.   The underwater ecosystem according to any one of claims 7 to 19, wherein at least one block among a plurality of blocks arranged in a water flow direction is set to be higher or lower than the other blocks. Restoration block installation structure.   The underwater according to claim 7, wherein the block includes a block having an upper plate having a rectangular plan view shape, and wall-like legs of the plurality of blocks are arranged in a direction substantially parallel to the water flow direction. Ecosystem restoration block installation structure.   The block comprises a block having an upper plate having a rectangular plan view shape, and a plurality of blocks are arranged in a pile shape in plan view, and wall-like legs are arranged in a direction substantially perpendicular to the water flow direction. The installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7.   The underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein the block comprises a block having an upper plate having a rectangular plan view shape, and a plurality of blocks are arranged in a valley shape in plan view. Installation structure.   A block having an upper plate having a square plan view shape, and an upper plate having a rectangular plan view shape having a short side having the same length as the side of the square and a long side substantially twice as long as the side of the square. 8. The underwater ecosystem restoration block installation structure according to claim 7, wherein the installation structure is combined with a block.   Adjacent blocks are arranged so that the wall-like legs are close to each other, and after the reinforcing bars are inserted into the through-holes of the wall-like legs, the adjacent blocks are connected to each other, and then the upper plate is covered so as to cover the reinforcing bars. The installation structure of the underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 9, wherein the cast-in-place concrete is poured from the through hole and solidified.   8. The installation structure of an underwater ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7, wherein the blocks are arranged in an arc shape at intervals in a plan view.   It has a wall plate for closing between the independent legs of the block, and the wall plate is interposed between the blocks arranged side by side so that the independent legs are adjacent to each other, and has a through hole. The installation structure of the aquatic ecosystem restoration block according to claim 7.

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