JP2006030685A - Oilless color toner image forming apparatus and forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a full color toner for oilless fixing which is free of the occurrence of a spent wax and filming even if the toner contains an ester wax, and which is excellent in durability and grindability, a fixing method, a toner package container, and an image forming apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: The full color toner for two-component development contains a polyester resin, a colorant and a carnauba wax and a synthetic ester wax having a long chain branch structure expressed by general formula (1). The resin content of the toner contains 30 to 50% component of a weight average molecular weight ≤10,000 with respect to the entire weight of a THF soluble content and contains 0.5 to 10% component of ≤1,000. In rheology characteristics measured by a temperature sweep method at a frequency 1 Hz and strain 10%, the viscosity at 130 to 180°C ranges from 80 to 3,500 Pa s and tanδ expressed by a ratio of a loss modulus G" and a storage modulus G' ranges from 1.0 to 4.0. In the formula (1), R1 and R2 represent 14-30C alkyl groups or alkenyl groups and R3 and R4 represent 14-30C alkyl groups. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a color toner for developing an electrostatic image in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, electrostatic printing, etc., a method for fixing a color toner image on a recording medium such as paper, a container filled with color toner, a color The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus loaded with a container filled with toner.

In electrophotographic image formation, a latent image is formed by an electrostatic charge on an image carrier such as a photoconductive substance, and a charged toner particle is attached to the electrostatic latent image to form a visible image. After that, the toner image is transferred to a recording medium such as paper and fixed to form an output image. In recent years, the technology of copiers and printers using an electrophotographic system has been rapidly expanding from monochrome to full color, and the full color market tends to expand.
Color image formation by full-color electrophotography generally reproduces all colors by laminating three color toners of three primary colors, yellow, magenta, and cyan, or four color toners with black added thereto. . Therefore, in order to obtain a clear full color image with excellent color reproducibility, it is necessary to smooth the fixed toner image surface to some extent to reduce light scattering. For these reasons, the image gloss of conventional full-color copying machines or the like is often 10 to 50% of medium to high gloss.

In general, as a method for fixing a dry toner image on a recording medium, a contact heating fixing method in which a roller or belt having a smooth surface is heated and pressed against the toner is frequently used. This method has high thermal efficiency and high-speed fixing, and is advantageous in that it can give gloss and transparency to the color toner. However, the surface of the heat-fixing member is brought into contact with the molten toner under pressure. The post-peeling causes a so-called offset phenomenon in which a part of the toner image adheres to the surface of the fixing roller and is transferred onto another image.
In order to prevent this offset phenomenon, a method is generally adopted in which the surface of the fixing roller is made of silicone rubber or fluorine resin with excellent releasability, and then a release oil such as silicone oil is applied to the surface of the fixing roller. It had been. This method is extremely effective in preventing toner offset, but requires a device for supplying a release oil, which increases the size and cost of the fixing device. For this reason, in a monochrome toner, by adjusting the molecular weight distribution of the binder resin so that the melted toner does not break internally, the viscoelasticity at the time of melting of the toner is increased, and a release agent such as wax is further included in the toner. There is a tendency to employ a method in which the release oil is not applied to the fixing roller or the amount of oil applied is very small.

  However, as described above, in order to improve the color reproducibility of the color toner, it is necessary to smooth the surface of the fixed image, so the viscoelasticity at the time of melting must be lowered, and it is easier to offset than the glossy monochrome toner. Therefore, it is more difficult to make the fixing device oil-free and to apply a small amount. In addition, when a release agent is contained in the toner, the adhesion of the toner is increased and the transfer property to the transfer paper is lowered. Further, the release agent in the toner contaminates a friction charging member such as a carrier and lowers the chargeability. This causes a problem that durability is lowered.

  Conventionally, binder resins such as polyester resins and epoxy resins that are easy to obtain gloss have been used for color toners. However, since these resins contain hydrophilic groups, the amount of charge changes with humidity. Has the disadvantage of being large. Furthermore, recently, there is a tendency to reduce the particle size of the toner in order to obtain high image quality, but polyester resins and epoxy resins are inferior in grindability compared to styrene resins that have been conventionally used as binder resins for monochrome toners. Has the disadvantages.

  For example, in Patent Document 1, a toner using a linear polyester resin having a softening point of 90 to 120 ° C. and carnauba wax is compatible with each other in Patent Document 2 as a conventionally described technique in this situation. In Patent Document 3, a toner comprising a resin and a wax having different points is specified, and in Patent Document 4, a polyester resin having a softening point of 90 to 120 ° C., rice wax, and carnauba wax is specified. Patent Document 5 describes a toner containing a wax-containing polymerization method as a toner containing silicone oil, but does not apply a release oil to the fixing roller while maintaining an appropriate gloss or a very small amount of oil applied. Even with a small amount of fixing method, there is sufficient anti-offset property and at the same time against transferability, durability and humidity. Charge stability, it does not constitute a toner excellent in grindability. It is also described that an ester wax is contained as a wax in order to obtain a wide fixing temperature range.

Patent Document 6 describes a nonmagnetic one-component developer containing a polyester resin and an ester wax having an endothermic peak due to DSC at 50 to 90 ° C., thereby obtaining excellent hot offset resistance quality. However, since ester wax has poor compatibility with polyester resin, phase separation easily occurs, and the wax is liberated at the time of developing the copying machine, carrier spent and filming occur, and durability cannot be obtained.
Patent Document 7 describes a developer containing a polyester resin and an ester wax having an endothermic peak due to DSC at 70 to 90 ° C., but this also cannot improve durability.
Patent Document 8 describes a color toner containing a hybrid resin having an ester wax and a polyester resin, a polyester and a vinyl copolymer unit, and a molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn by GPC of 100 or more. Although the compatibility between the ester wax and the polyester resin is improved, the gloss is not sufficiently obtained due to the Mw / Mn being 100 or more, and the color characteristics are improved. Turbidity occurs and saturation cannot be obtained.
In Patent Document 9, it is described that a polyfunctional polyester compound is used in addition to the binder resin, but a vinyl copolymer is used as the main binder resin, and the compatibility with the polyester resin is improved. It has not been.
Patent Document 10 describes a color toner containing a polyester resin and an olefin wax and having a toner molecular weight distribution Mw / Mn of 50 or more. However, since the polyester resin has good compatibility with the olefin wax, filming is performed. And spent, but because of good compatibility with the binder resin, the releasability of the wax at the time of fixing becomes insufficient, and in order to improve hot offset resistance, Mw / Mn is set to 50 or more The glossiness is not sufficiently obtained, and the color characteristics are turbid and saturation cannot be obtained.

  As described above, the oilless full-color toner has sufficient low-temperature fixing property, hot offset resistance, glossiness, color saturation, and has sufficient durability without filming. Absent.

JP-A-8-220808 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-106105 JP-A-9-304964 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-293425 JP-A-5-61242 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-156876 JP 2000-181120 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-23424 Japanese Patent No. 3210174 JP 2003-156880 A

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and there is a moderate image gloss, there is no uneven gloss in the image, a color saturation is obtained, and a release oil is applied to the fixing roller. Even if the fixing method with a very small amount of oil applied is not offset, it has sufficient offset prevention properties, and even if it contains an ester wax, it does not generate wax spent and filming, and has excellent durability and grindability. An object of the present invention is to provide a color toner, a method for fixing a color toner image on a recording medium, a container filled with the color toner, and an image forming apparatus loaded with the container filled with the color toner.

  That is, the above-mentioned problem is (1) “two-component development containing at least a polyester resin, a colorant, carnauba wax and / or a synthetic ester wax having a long-chain branched structure represented by the following formula (1): In the full color toner, the resin component of the toner is a component having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 or less with respect to the total amount of THF soluble components in the molecular weight distribution of THF (tetrahydrofuran) soluble components by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). In the rheological properties measured by the temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%, containing components of up to 50% and a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 or less, at 130 to 180 ° C. The viscosity is 80-3500 Pa · s, and the loss elastic modulus G ″ and storage elastic modulus G ′ are In represented by tanδ (tanδ = G '' / G ') is a two-component developer for full-color toners, characterized in that in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 at 130 to 180 ° C.;

〔式中、Ｒ_１及びＲ_２は、炭素数１４〜３０のアルキル基またはアルケニル基を示し、Ｒ_３及びＲ_４は、炭素数１４〜３０のアルキル基を示す〕」、
（２）「少なくともポリエステル樹脂、着色剤と、カルナウバワックス及び／又は下記式（１）で示される長鎖分岐構造を有する合成エステルワックスを含有する二成分現像用フルカラートナーにおいて、該トナーの樹脂成分はゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー（ＧＰＣ）によるＴＨＦ可溶分の分子量分布においてＴＨＦ可溶分全量に対し重量平均分子量（Ｍｗ）１００００以下の成分を３５〜４５％含有し、且つ重量平均分子量（Ｍｗ）１０００以下の成分を０．５〜１０％含有し、周波数１Ｈｚ、歪１０％における温度掃引法により測定されるレオロジー特性において、１３０〜１８０℃での粘度が１２０〜２５００Ｐａ・ｓであり、損失弾性率Ｇ’’と貯蔵弾性率Ｇ’の比で表わされるｔａｎδ（ｔａｎδ＝Ｇ’’／Ｇ’）が１３０〜１８０℃において１．０〜３．０の範囲にあることを特徴とする二成分現像用フルカラートナー；

[Wherein R ₁ and R ₂ represent an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 14 to 30 carbon atoms, and R ₃ and R ₄ represent an alkyl group having 14 to 30 carbon atoms]
(2) In a two-component developing full-color toner containing at least a polyester resin, a colorant, carnauba wax and / or a synthetic ester wax having a long-chain branched structure represented by the following formula (1), the resin of the toner The component contains 35 to 45% of a component having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 or less with respect to the total amount of THF soluble component in the molecular weight distribution of THF soluble component by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the weight average molecular weight (Mw ) In the rheological characteristics measured by the temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%, the viscosity at 130 to 180 ° C. is 120 to 2500 Pa · s, and the loss Tan δ (tan δ = G ″ / G ′) represented by the ratio of the elastic modulus G ″ and the storage elastic modulus G ′ is 130 to 1. A full-color toner for two-component development characterized by being in the range of 1.0 to 3.0 at 80 ° C .;

」、
（３）「ワックスの分子量分布で、重量平均分子量（Ｗ−Ｍｗ）が１０００〜１５００であることを特徴とする前記第（１）項または第（２）項に記載のトナー」、
（４）「ＴＨＦ可溶分の分子量分布においてＴＨＦ可溶分全量に対し重量平均分子量（Ｍｗ）１０００００以上の成分を２〜８％含有することを特徴とする前記第（１）項乃至第（３）項の何れか記載のトナー」、
（５）「周波数１Ｈｚ、歪１０％における温度掃引法により測定されるレオロジー特性において、１３０℃の貯蔵弾性率（Ｇ’_１３０）と１８０℃の貯蔵弾性率（Ｇ’_１８０）の比率（Ｇ’_１３０／Ｇ’_１８０）が３〜１０の範囲にあることを特徴とする前記第（１）項乃至第（４）項のいずれかに記載のトナー」により達成される。
また、上記課題は、本発明の（６）「前記第（１）項乃至第（５）項の何れかに記載された静電荷像現像用トナーが充填されたことを特徴とするトナーカートリッジ」により達成される。
また、上記課題は、本発明の（７）「外部より帯電部材に電圧を印加し被帯電体に帯電を行なう帯電工程と、帯電している被帯電体に静電荷像を形成する工程と、静電荷像をトナーによって現像してトナー画像を形成する現像工程と、外部より転写部材に電圧を印加しトナー画像を転写体上に転写する転写工程と、転写後の被帯電体表面をクリーニング部材でクリーニングするクリーニング工程と、記録媒体上に形成された未定着のトナーを、加熱された定着ベルト及び加圧部材にて形成されたニップ部を通過させ接触加熱して定着させる定着工程を有する画像形成方法において、該トナーが前記第（１）項乃至第（５）項の何れかに記載のトナーを用いることを特徴とする画像形成方法」により達成される。
また、上記課題は、本発明の（８）「感光体と現像手段を内臓し、他に帯電手段、露光手段、転写手段、クリーニング手段、除電手段より選ばれる少なくとも一つの手段を一体に支持し、画像形成装置本体に着脱自在であるプロセスカートリッジにおいて、前記現像手段は、トナー又は現像剤を保持し、該トナー又は現像剤は、請求項１乃至５の何れかに記載のトナーを用いることを特徴とするプロセスカートリッジ」により達成される。
また、上記課題は、本発明の（９）「像担持体である被帯電体と、この像担持体の表面を一様に帯電する帯電手段と、一様帯電後に像露光を行ない静電潜像を形成する像露光手段と、前記静電潜像にトナーを現像する現像手段と、現像像を転写する転写手段と、前記像担持体の転写残トナーをクリーニングするクリーニング手段を備える画像形成装置において、前記現像手段は、トナー又は現像剤を保持し、該トナー又は現像剤は、前記第（１）項乃至第（５）項の何れかに記載のトナーを用いるものであることを特徴とする画像形成装置」、
（１０）「前記第（８）項に記載のプロセスカートリッジを複数個具備することを特徴とする画像形成装置」、
（１１）「前記画像形成装置が、電子写真感光体上に現像されたトナー画像を中間転写体上に一次転写したのち、該中間転写体上のトナー画像を記録材上に二次転写する中間転写手段を有する画像形成装置であって、複数色のトナー画像を中間転写体上に順次重ね合わせてカラー画像を形成し、該カラー画像を記録媒体上に一括で二次転写することを特徴とする前記第（９）項又は第（１０）項に記載の画像形成装置」、
（１２）「前記帯電手段は、潜像担持体に帯電部材を接触させ、当該帯電部材に電圧を印加することによって帯電を行なう帯電手段であることを特徴とする前記第（９）項乃至第（１１）項のいずれかに画像形成装置」により達成される。

"
(3) “The toner according to (1) or (2) above, wherein the weight average molecular weight (W-Mw) is 1000 to 1500 in the molecular weight distribution of the wax”;
(4) The above-mentioned items (1) to (1), wherein 2 to 8% of a component having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 or more is contained in the molecular weight distribution of the THF soluble component relative to the total amount of the THF soluble component. 3) toner according to any one of items
(5) In the rheological characteristics measured by the temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%, the ratio of the storage elastic modulus (G ′ ₁₃₀ ) at ₁₃₀ ° C. to the storage elastic modulus (G ′ ₁₈₀ ) at 180 ° C. (G ′ ₁₃₀ / G ′ ₁₈₀ ) is in the range of 3 to 10, and is achieved by the toner according to any one of (1) to (4) above.
Further, the above-mentioned problem is (6) “a toner cartridge characterized in that it is filled with the electrostatic image developing toner described in any one of (1) to (5)” of the present invention. Is achieved.
Further, the above-mentioned problems are (7) “a charging step of applying a voltage to the charging member from the outside to charge the charged member, a step of forming an electrostatic charge image on the charged charged member, A developing process for developing an electrostatic charge image with toner to form a toner image, a transfer process for applying a voltage to the transfer member from the outside to transfer the toner image onto the transfer body, and a surface to be charged to be transferred after cleaning And a fixing process in which the unfixed toner formed on the recording medium passes through a nip formed by a heated fixing belt and a pressure member and is heated by contact to be fixed. In the forming method, the toner is achieved by an “image forming method,” wherein the toner according to any one of (1) to (5) is used.
In addition, the above-mentioned problem is that (8) “incorporating a photosensitive member and a developing unit, and integrally supporting at least one unit selected from a charging unit, an exposure unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and a static elimination unit. In the process cartridge that is detachable from the image forming apparatus main body, the developing unit holds toner or developer, and the toner or developer uses the toner according to any one of claims 1 to 5. This is achieved by a "characteristic process cartridge".
In addition, the above-described problem is solved by (9) “charged body as an image carrier, charging means for uniformly charging the surface of the image carrier, image exposure after uniform charging, and electrostatic latent image. An image forming apparatus comprising: an image exposing unit that forms an image; a developing unit that develops toner on the electrostatic latent image; a transfer unit that transfers a developed image; and a cleaning unit that cleans transfer residual toner on the image carrier. The developing means holds toner or developer, and the toner or developer uses the toner described in any one of the items (1) to (5). Image forming apparatus ",
(10) "Image forming apparatus comprising a plurality of process cartridges according to item (8)",
(11) “Intermediate transfer of the toner image developed on the electrophotographic photosensitive member onto the intermediate transfer member and then the secondary transfer of the toner image on the intermediate transfer member onto the recording material. An image forming apparatus having transfer means, wherein a color image is formed by sequentially superposing a plurality of color toner images on an intermediate transfer member, and the color image is secondarily transferred collectively onto a recording medium. The image forming apparatus according to (9) or (10) ”,
(12) “The charging means is a charging means that performs charging by bringing a charging member into contact with a latent image carrier and applying a voltage to the charging member. This is achieved by the “image forming apparatus according to any one of items (11)”.

  As is apparent from the following detailed and specific description, the color toner for two-component development of the present invention has an appropriate image gloss, and further has no gloss unevenness in the image, and color saturation is obtained. Even if the fixing method does not apply release oil to the fixing roller, or the fixing method uses a very small amount of oil, it has sufficient offset prevention properties, and even if it contains ester wax, it does not generate wax spent or filming and is durable. , A color toner excellent in pulverization property, a method for fixing a color toner image on a recording medium, a container filled with color toner, and an image forming apparatus loaded with a container filled with color toner can be provided. There is an effect.

  In a full-color toner for two-component development containing a polyester resin and carnauba wax and / or a synthetic ester wax having a long-chain branched structure, a component having a binder resin having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 or less has good compatibility with the wax By containing this component in an amount of 0.5 to 10%, it is possible to encapsulate the wax in the polyester resin and enhance the dispersion effect. Wax liberation due to poor wax dispersion or poor compatibility, spent or It has been found that the filming can be improved and the glossiness of the color toner is not impaired. If the component having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 or less is less than 0.5%, the compatibility with the wax is insufficient, and if it exceeds 10%, fixation due to an increase in the low molecular component tends to occur. It has been found that by using carnauba wax and / or synthetic ester wax having a long-chain branched structure as the wax, a toner excellent in hot offset resistance and releasability from fixing separation nails can be obtained. . This is because the carnauba wax and / or the synthetic ester wax having a long-chain branched structure is present in a state that is reasonably compatible with the polyester resin having the molecular weight of the present invention, but is not completely compatible. This is because the resin is sharply melted by heat energy and has excellent releasability. Olefin wax has high compatibility with polyester, so that sufficient releasability cannot be obtained. As the synthetic ester wax, those having a long chain branched structure having 14 to 30 carbon atoms are encapsulated in the polyester resin having the molecular weight of the present invention, are easily dispersed, and are excellent in releasability. Those having a short chain branched structure having less than 14 carbon atoms are extremely low in viscosity due to thermal energy during kneading, and are liable to cause poor dispersion with the resin. When the number of carbon atoms exceeds 30, the viscosity becomes high, the sharp melt property at the time of fixing is impaired, and the fixing property is inhibited. Further, a synthetic ester wax having a long chain and not having a branched structure is likely to have a problem of storage stability because the melting point is lowered.

By containing 30 to 50% of a component having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10,000 or less with respect to the total amount of THF soluble matter in the toner, high glossiness, low temperature fixability and high grindability can be obtained. If it is less than 30%, the glossiness and pulverization are reduced, and if it exceeds 50%, the hot offset resistance is deteriorated and further excessive pulverization is caused. In the rheological properties measured by the temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%, the viscosity at 130 to 180 ° C. is 80 to 3500 Pa · s, so that low temperature fixability and glossiness are maintained, and sufficient hot resistance Offset property can be obtained, and further, the dispersibility of the wax of the present invention can be improved. When the viscosity is less than 80 Pa · s, the hot offset resistance is lowered, and the viscosity is lowered during kneading, which causes deterioration of wax dispersibility and liberation. When the viscosity exceeds 3500 Pa · s, the low-temperature fixability and glossiness deteriorate, and since the viscosity is high, the difference in viscosity from the wax increases, causing dispersibility deterioration and liberation. More preferably, it is 120-2500 Pa.s. Furthermore, tan δ (tan δ = G ″ / G) expressed as a ratio of loss elastic modulus (G ″) and storage elastic modulus (G ′) as rheological characteristics measured by a temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%. When G ′) is in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 at 130 to 180 ° C., it is possible to obtain an image without occurrence of uneven glossiness of the image. The storage elastic modulus G ′ is an index indicating the elasticity of the toner. However, when thermal energy is applied to the toner when it is fixed, if the elastic component is large, the elastic component of the toner expands and contracts, so that light scatters and glossiness decreases. . On the other hand, the loss elastic modulus G ″ is an index relating to the viscosity of the toner. When the viscosity component is large, the toner is uniformly melted and high gloss is obtained. In the case of a color image, it is required that the image is formed with a certain glossiness regardless of the degree of gloss, that is, so-called non-uniform gloss. When the ratio of the storage elastic modulus (G ′) is within a certain range, an image having no gloss fluctuation can be obtained.
When tan δ is less than 1.0, the storage elastic modulus (G ′) increases and the glossiness decreases. When tan δ exceeds 4.0, the fluctuation increases and uneven glossiness of the image occurs. More preferably, it is the range of 1.0-3.0.

Ratio (G ′ ₁₃₀ / G ′) of the storage elastic modulus (G ′ ₁₃₀ ) at ₁₃₀ ° C. and the storage elastic modulus (G ′ ₁₈₀ ) at 180 ° C. as rheological properties measured by the temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%. ₁₈₀ ) is in the range of 3 to 10, the low temperature fixability and the hot offset resistance are further improved, the image has no uneven gloss, and moderately contains an elastic component. Entanglement with the branched chain is generated, and wax spent and release can be further improved. If it is less than 3, the effect is not sufficient, and if it exceeds 10, the fixability tends to deteriorate.

  Hot offset resistance without impairing low-temperature fixability and glossiness by containing 2-8% of components with a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 or more in the molecular weight distribution of THF soluble matter relative to the total amount of THF soluble matter. And uneven luster are further improved.

  When the weight average molecular weight distribution (W-Mw) of the wax is 1000 to 1500, the adhesion with the Mw 1000 or less component of the polyester resin is increased, and the wax spent and release can be further improved.

  Since the color toner according to the present invention has no wax liberation, there is no deterioration in toner fluidity due to the inclusion of the wax. Therefore, the toner cartridge filled with the toner is excellent in toner replenishability.

  Since the toner of the present invention does not cause uneven gloss, a contact heat fixing method having a smooth fixing surface with excellent releasability is adopted as a toner image fixing method. The release oil is not applied or is applied in a very small amount. Specifically, the fixing is preferably performed using a roller or a belt whose surface is made of a low surface energy material such as fluororesin / rubber or silicone resin / rubber. Further, it is preferable that the shape of the fixing nip is recessed toward the fixing roller or the fixing belt in order to make it difficult for the offset and the recording medium to be wound. This is because the physical releasing force accompanying the deformation of the roller or belt is increased and the sheet is discharged from the fixing roller or fixing belt at a large peeling angle. Therefore, for example, it is preferable that the fixing roller, the fixing belt, or the fixing belt support roller is made of an elastic body, and the hardness thereof is designed to be lower than that of the pressure roller.

An image forming apparatus such as an electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an example of a schematic diagram of a fixing mechanism in the case of using a fixing belt in a fixing method and fixing device of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the recording medium to which the toner has been transferred is conveyed along the guide (G) and passes between the heated and driven fixing belt (B) and the pressure roller (R2), whereby the toner is transferred to the recording medium. The toner image can be fixed by fusing, and then cleaned by a cleaning roller (R4) as a cleaning means. The fixing belt (B) is suspended between the fixing roller (R1) and the heating roller (R3) and pressed in a concave shape so as to be stretched by the pressure roller (R2) biased by the pressure spring (P). Is done. A heating source (H) is mounted on the pressure roller (R2) and the heating roller (R3).

  Further, the image forming apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 2 shows a main part of an example of an image forming apparatus equipped with a container filled with the toner of the present invention. Hereinafter, a case where a two-component developer is used will be described as an example. That is, FIG. 2 shows an example of an image forming apparatus equipped with a container filled with the toner of the present invention, and a developing unit as developing means (14) mounted in the main body of the image forming apparatus. FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a toner container (2) filled with toner of the present invention to be replenished in the developing section (14) and a toner flow means (3) connecting the two. In FIG. 2, the developing section (14) includes a developing housing (4) filled with a two-component developer (D) formed by mixing the toner of the present invention and an electrophotographic carrier, and the developer (D). First and second stirring screws (5) and (6) for stirring and mixing, and a developing roller (7), and the developing roller (7) as a charged body that is a latent image carrier. Of the photoconductor (11). The photoreceptor (11) is rotationally driven in the direction indicated by the arrow, and an electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface thereof. In the figure, reference numeral (26) denotes a cap fitted on the connecting member (24) with or without the filter (25). Reference numeral (23) denotes a toner supply unit, which can be provided with toner supply control means as required. Around the photosensitive member (11), other known units such as a charging unit, an exposure unit, a transfer unit, a charge removing unit, and a cleaning unit (not shown) are arranged. As the first and second stirring screws (5) and (6) rotate, the developer (D) in the developing housing (4) and the supplied toner are stirred and mixed, and the toner is opposite to the carrier. Triboelectrically charged to polarity. The developer (D) is supplied to the peripheral surface of the developing roller (7) that is rotationally driven in the direction of the arrow, and the supplied developer is carried on the peripheral surface of the developing roller (7). It is conveyed in the rotation direction by the rotation of 7). Next, the amount of the conveyed developer is regulated by the doctor blade (9), and the regulated developer is conveyed to the development area between the photosensitive member (8) and the developing roller (7), where The toner in the developer is electrostatically transferred to the electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor, and the electrostatic latent image is visualized as a toner image.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram for explaining an example of the electrophotographic apparatus of the present invention, and modifications as described later also belong to the category of the present invention.
In FIG. 3, the photoconductor (11) as the latent image carrier has a drum shape, but may be a sheet or an endless belt.
As the charging means (12), known means such as a corotron, a scorotron, a solid state charger (solid state charger), and a charging roller are used. The charging means (12) is preferably used in contact with or in close proximity to the photoreceptor from the viewpoint of reducing power consumption. In particular, in order to prevent contamination of the charging means (12), a charging mechanism disposed in the vicinity of the photoreceptor having an appropriate gap between the photoreceptor and the surface of the charging means is desirable.
As the transfer means (16), the above charger can be generally used, but a combination of a transfer charger and a separation charger is effective.

  The light source used for the exposure means (13), the charge removal means (1A), etc. includes fluorescent lamps, tungsten lamps, halogen lamps, mercury lamps, sodium lamps, light emitting diodes (LEDs), semiconductor lasers (LDs), electroluminescence ( EL) in general. Various kinds of filters such as a sharp cut filter, a band pass filter, a near infrared cut filter, a dichroic filter, an interference filter, and a color temperature conversion filter can be used to irradiate only light in a desired wavelength range.

The toner (15) developed on the photoconductor by the developing means (14) is transferred to the image receiving medium (18) as a recording material, but not all is transferred, but the toner remaining on the photoconductor. Also occurs. Such toner is removed from the photoreceptor by the cleaning means (17). As the cleaning means, a rubber cleaning blade, a brush such as a fur brush, a mag fur brush, or the like can be used.

  3 includes a member for supplying a lubricant, the lubricant supplying member is provided in the cleaning means (17), and the lubricant is included in the vicinity of the cleaning means (17), and the cleaning blade. And is supplied to the photoreceptor via a brush or the like. The supply amount can be appropriately controlled by the contact pressure, contact area, angle, etc. of the contact member on the photosensitive member.

  When the electrophotographic photosensitive member is positively (negatively) charged and image exposure is performed, a positive (negative) electrostatic latent image is formed on the surface of the photosensitive member. A positive image can be obtained by developing this with negative (positive) toner (electrodetection fine particles), and a negative image can be obtained by developing with positive (negative) toner. As such developing means, a known one is applied, and a known one is also used as a charge eliminating means.

FIG. 4 shows another example of an electrophotographic apparatus (process) as an image forming apparatus according to the present invention. In FIG. 4, a photoconductor (11) as a latent image carrier has an endless belt shape.
Driven by drive means (1C), charged by charging means (12), image exposure by exposure means (13), development by developing means not shown, transfer by transfer means (16), pre-cleaning exposure means (1B) The pre-cleaning exposure by the cleaning, the cleaning by the cleaning means (17), and the static elimination by the static elimination means (1A) are repeated. In FIG. 4, light irradiation for pre-cleaning exposure is performed from the support side of the photoreceptor (in this case, the support is translucent). In FIG. 4, the lubricant is contained in the vicinity of the cleaning means (17), and is supplied to the photoreceptor via a cleaning blade, a brush, or the like.

The image forming apparatus described above exemplifies the embodiment of the present invention, and other embodiments are of course possible. For example, in FIG. 4, the pre-cleaning exposure is performed from the support side, but this may be performed from the photosensitive layer side, or image exposure and neutralization light irradiation may be performed from the support side. On the other hand, the light irradiation process is illustrated as image exposure, pre-cleaning exposure, and static elimination exposure. In addition, a pre-transfer exposure, a pre-exposure of image exposure, and other known light irradiation processes are provided to light the photosensitive member. Irradiation can also be performed.
Further, a contact member for supplying a lubricant to the photosensitive member may be newly provided.

Further, the image forming means as described above may be fixedly incorporated in a copying machine, a facsimile, or a printer, but may be incorporated in these apparatuses in the form of a process cartridge. The process cartridge includes a latent image carrier, for example, a photoreceptor (11) and a developing means (14). In addition, a charging means (12), an exposure means (13), a developing means (14), and a transfer means (16). , One device (part) including one or more of cleaning means (17) and static elimination means (1A). There are many shapes and the like of the process cartridge, but a general example is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 5 showing a schematic configuration of an image forming apparatus having a process cartridge of the present invention, (10) shows the entire process cartridge, (11) is a photosensitive member, (12) is a charging means, (13) is a developing means, (14) indicates a cleaning means.
In the present invention, a plurality of components such as the above-described photoreceptor (11), charging means (12), developing means (13), and cleaning means (14) are integrally combined as a process cartridge. The process cartridge is configured to be detachable from an image forming apparatus main body such as a copying machine or a printer.

In the image forming apparatus having the process cartridge of the present invention, the photosensitive member is rotationally driven at a predetermined peripheral speed. In the rotation process, the photosensitive member is uniformly charged with a positive or negative predetermined potential on its peripheral surface by the charging unit, and then receives image exposure light from an image exposing unit such as slit exposure or laser beam scanning exposure. An electrostatic latent image is sequentially formed on the peripheral surface of the body, and the formed electrostatic latent image is then developed with toner by a developing unit, and the developed toner image is transferred between the photosensitive member and the transfer unit from the paper feeding unit. Then, the image is sequentially transferred to the transfer material fed in synchronization with the rotation of the photosensitive member by the transfer means. The transfer material that has received the image transfer is separated from the surface of the photosensitive member, introduced into the image fixing means, and fixed, and printed out as a copy (copy). The surface of the photoconductor after the image transfer is cleaned by removing toner remaining after transfer by a cleaning unit, and after being further neutralized, it is repeatedly used for image formation.
Although the photoconductor (11) has a drum shape, it may have a sheet shape or an endless belt shape.

  FIG. 6 shows another example of the electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention. In this electrophotographic apparatus, the charging means (12), exposure means (13), black (Bk), cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) according to the present invention are provided around the photoreceptor (11). Developing means (14Bk, 14C, 14M, 14Y) for each color toner, an intermediate transfer belt (1F) as an intermediate transfer member, and a cleaning means (17) are arranged in this order. Here, the subscripts Bk, C, M, and Y shown in the figure correspond to the color of the toner, and are added or omitted as appropriate.

  Each color developing means (14Bk, 14C, 14M, 14Y) can be controlled independently, and only the color developing means for image formation is driven. The toner image formed on the photoreceptor (11) is transferred onto the intermediate transfer belt (1F) by the first transfer means (1D) disposed inside the intermediate transfer belt (1F). The first transfer means (1D) is arranged so as to be able to come into contact with and separate from the photoreceptor (11), and the intermediate transfer belt (1F) is brought into contact with the photoreceptor (11) only during the transfer operation. The respective color images are sequentially formed, and the toner images superimposed on the intermediate transfer belt (1F) are collectively transferred to the image receiving medium (18) by the second transfer means (1E) and then fixed by the fixing means (19). The image is formed by fixing. The second transfer means (1E) is also arranged so as to be able to contact and separate from the intermediate transfer belt (1F), and abuts on the intermediate transfer belt (1F) only during the transfer operation.

  In the transfer drum type electrophotographic apparatus, since the toner images of the respective colors are sequentially transferred onto the transfer material electrostatically attracted to the transfer drum, there is a limitation on the transfer material that cannot be printed on cardboard, as shown in FIG. Such an intermediate transfer type electrophotographic apparatus has an advantage that the toner images of the respective colors are superimposed on the intermediate transfer body (1F), and thus are not limited by the transfer material. Such an intermediate transfer system is not limited to the apparatus shown in FIG. 6, but can be applied to the electrophotographic apparatus described in FIGS. 3, 4, 5 and FIG. 7 described later (specific example is shown in FIG. 8). .

  FIG. 7 shows another example of the electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention. This electrophotographic apparatus is of a type that uses toner of four colors of yellow (Y), magenta (M), cyan (C), and black (Bk) of the present invention as toner, and an image forming unit is provided for each color. Has been. In addition, photoconductors (11Y, 11M, 11C, 11Bk) for each color are provided. Around each photoconductor (11Y, 11M, 11C, 11Bk), a charging means (12), an exposure means (13), a developing means (14), a cleaning means (17), and the like are disposed. Further, a transfer transfer belt (1G) as a transfer material carrier that comes in contact with and separates from each transfer position of each photoconductor (11Y, 11M, 11C, 11Bk) arranged on a straight line is hung by a driving means (1C). Has been passed. A transfer means (16) is disposed at a transfer position facing each of the photoconductors (1Y, 1M, 1C, 1Bk) with the conveyance transfer belt (1G) interposed therebetween.

  The tandem type electrophotographic apparatus as shown in FIG. 7 has a photoconductor (1Y, 1M, 1C, 1Bk) for each color, and a toner image of each color of the present invention is held on the transport transfer belt (1G). Since the images are sequentially transferred to the image receiving medium (18), it is possible to output a full color image at a much higher speed than a full color electrophotographic apparatus having only one photoconductor.

(toner)
Specific examples of the synthetic ester wax having a long-chain branched structure used in the present invention include the following specific examples, but are not limited thereto. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more, but it is preferable to use those having a melting point in the range of 70 to 90 ° C. By setting the melting point to 70 ° C. or more, a toner having excellent transferability and durability can be obtained, and by setting the melting point to 90 ° C. or less, the toner can be melted quickly at the time of fixing and a reliable release effect can be exhibited. The amount of these release agents used is preferably 2 to 15% by weight based on the toner. If it is 2% by weight or less, the effect of preventing offset is insufficient, and if it is 15% by weight or more, transferability and durability are lowered. From the viewpoint of transferability and durability, it is preferable that the maximum dispersed particle diameter of the wax in the toner is a major axis diameter that is 1/2 or less of the maximum particle diameter of the toner, and more preferably, the maximum dispersed particle diameter of the wax is the major axis diameter. It is 1/3 or less of the maximum particle diameter of the toner. However, if the maximum dispersed particle size of the wax is 0.5 μm or less in terms of the major axis, the wax will not easily ooze out during fixing and the offset prevention effect will be insufficient.

  The ester wax of the present invention is selected from among 14 to 30 carbon atoms, a linear saturated monocarboxylic acid whose one component is 60% by weight or more, and one component selected from among 14 to 30 carbon atoms. Esterified crude by a condensation reaction with a linear saturated monohydric alcohol having 2% by weight or more, or a C2-C30, one component of which is 80% by weight or more. Obtained by a process comprising adding a hydrocarbon solvent in a proportion of 5 to 100 parts by weight to 100 parts by weight of the crude esterified product and deoxidizing with an aqueous alkaline solution .

  In a preferred embodiment, the ester wax further comprises an alcohol solvent having 1 to 3 carbon atoms in addition to the hydrocarbon solvent in an amount of 3 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the esterified crude product. It is obtained by a process including adding at a ratio and performing deoxidation using the alkaline aqueous solution.

  The ester wax of the present invention is selected from 14 to 30 carbon atoms, one component of which is 60% by weight or more of a linear saturated monocarboxylic acid, and one component selected from 14 to 30 carbon atoms. Esterification by a condensation reaction with a linear saturated monohydric alcohol that is 60% by weight or more, or a 2-6 valent polyhydric alcohol that is selected from among 2 to 30 carbon atoms and one component of which is 80% by weight or more. Obtaining a composition; and with respect to 100 parts by weight of the esterified composition, having a boiling point that is higher than the melting temperature of the esterified composition and not higher than 300 ° C., and has a specific gravity of 0.9 The above-mentioned water-soluble organic solvent is added at a ratio of 3 to 50 parts by weight, and is obtained by a process including deoxidation using an alkaline aqueous solution.

  The ester wax of the present invention is an ester compound obtained from carboxylic acid (component a) and alcohol (component b). This carboxylic acid (component a) is a linear saturated monocarboxylic acid selected from 14 to 30 carbon atoms and one component is 60% by weight or more, and alcohol (component b) is 14 to 30 carbon atoms. Selected from the group consisting of a linear saturated monohydric alcohol (b1 component) whose one component is 60% by weight or more, or 2 to 6 valents whose one component is 80% or more selected from among 2 to 30 carbon atoms It is a polyhydric alcohol (b2 component).

  Examples of the linear saturated monocarboxylic acid as component a include myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, montanic acid, melicic acid and the like.

  Examples of the linear saturated monohydric alcohol (component b1) include myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, aralkyl alcohol, behenyl alcohol, tetracosanol, hexacosanol, octacosanol, and triacontanol. It is done.

  Among the above divalent to hexavalent polyhydric alcohols (component b2), divalent alcohols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, 1,14-tetradecanediol, 1,16-hexadecanediol, 1,18-octadecanediol, 1,20-eicosanji All, 1,30-triacontanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, spiroglycol, 1,4- Phenylene glycol, bisphenol A, hydrogenated bis Phenol A, and the like. Examples of the trivalent alcohol include 1,2,4-butanetriol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, glycerin, 2-methylpropanetriol, trimethylolethane, Examples include triethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, 1,3,5-trihydroxymethylbenzene and the like. Examples of the tetravalent alcohol include 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol and pentaerythritol. Examples of the pentavalent alcohol include glucose. Examples of the hexavalent alcohol include dipentaerythritol.

  The ester wax of the present invention obtained from the carboxylic acid and alcohol shown above is composed of a linear saturated monocarboxylic acid and a linear saturated monohydric alcohol from the viewpoint of blocking resistance and storage stability of the toner containing the wax. In the case of an ester, the total number of carbon atoms of the main component ester is preferably 36 or more. The carbon number is more preferably 40 or more, and particularly preferably 44 or more.

  In consideration of the thermal melting behavior (sharp melt property) of the ester wax, the linear saturated monocarboxylic acid (component a) used as the raw material for the ester wax of the present invention, one component (main component) of the carboxylic acid and the component The total content of the main component and the linear saturated monocarboxylic acid having a carbon number of ± 2 is preferably 60% by weight or more. This content is more preferably 80% by weight or more, further preferably 90% by weight or more, particularly preferably 95% by weight or more, and most preferably 98% by weight or more. In a more preferred embodiment of the carboxylic acid content, the main component of the carboxylic acid is contained alone in a proportion of 60% by weight or more. This content is more preferably 80% by weight or more, further preferably 90% by weight or more, and most preferably 95% by weight or more.

  Among the alcohols (component b) used as the raw material for the ester wax, linear saturated monohydric alcohol (component b1) is also an alcohol having one component (main component) of the alcohol and the number of carbons of the main component ± 2. The total content is preferably 60% by weight or more. This content is more preferably 80% by weight or more, further preferably 90% by weight or more, particularly preferably 95% by weight or more, and most preferably 98% by weight or more. In a more preferred embodiment of the alcohol content, the main component of the alcohol is contained alone in a proportion of 60% by weight or more. This content is more preferably 80% by weight or more, further preferably 90% by weight or more, and most preferably 95% by weight or more.

  Regarding the divalent to hexavalent polyhydric alcohol (b2 component), it is preferable that one component (main component) of the polyhydric alcohol is contained in an amount of 80% by weight or more. This content is more preferably 85% by weight or more, further 90% by weight or more, and most preferably 95% by weight or more.

The polyester resin used in the present invention is obtained by a polycondensation reaction between a polyvalent carboxylic acid component and a polyhydric alcohol component.
The polyvalent carboxylic acid component includes divalent carboxylic acids and, if necessary, trivalent or higher carboxylic acids.

Specific examples of the divalent carboxylic acids include (1) maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, malonic acid, azelaic acid, mesaconic acid, citraconic acid, glutaconic acid, etc. Aliphatic dicarboxylic acids; (2) Cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 8 to 20 carbon atoms such as cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and methylmedicic acid; (3) Carbon such as phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, toluene dicarboxylic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (4) alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid having a hydrocarbon group having 4 to 35 carbon atoms in the side chain such as isododecenyl succinic acid and n-dodecenyl succinic acid; And carboxylic acid anhydrides and lower alkyl (methyl, butyl, etc.) esters.
Among these, the above (1), (3), (4) and anhydrides and lower alkyl esters of these dicarboxylic acids are preferable. (Anhydrous) maleic acid, fumaric acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, n- More preferred is dodecenyl (anhydrous) succinic acid.

Examples of tricarboxylic or higher polycarboxylic acids include (1) 1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-hexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-dicarboxyl-2-methyl-2- C7-20 aliphatic polycarboxylic acids such as methylenecarboxypropane, tetra (methylenecarboxyl) methane, 1,2,7,8-octanetetracarboxylic acid; (2) 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, etc. (3) 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, 2,5,7-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, and 1,2 , 4-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid and other aromatic polycarboxylic acids having 9 to 20 carbon atoms; Alkyl (methyl, butyl, etc.) ester.
When using tricarboxylic or higher polycarboxylic acids, among these, (3) and its anhydrides and lower alkyl esters are preferred, but since the gloss and transparency tend to decrease, the amount used should be small. It is.

  Examples of the polyhydric alcohol component include dihydric alcohols such as (1) ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4. -C2-C12 alkylene glycol such as butenediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol; (2) diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene Alkylene ether glycols such as glycol; (3) alicyclic diols having 6 to 30 carbon atoms such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and hydrogenated bisphenol A: and (4) bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol Bisphenols such as S; and, and (5) above bisphenols alkylene oxide (EO, PO, butylene oxide, etc.) 2-8 mole adducts. When using (B2), (1) and (5) are preferable among these, and (5) is more preferable. Among the above (5), EO and / or PO 2-4 mol adducts of bisphenol A are particularly preferable in terms of giving good offset resistance to the toner.

  Specific examples of trihydric or higher alcohols include (1) sorbitol, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, 1,2, Number of coal cords such as 4-butanetriol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, glycerol, 2-methylpropanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, etc. 3-20 Aliphatic polyhydric alcohols: (2) aromatic polyhydric alcohols having 6 to 20 carbon atoms such as 1,3,5-trihydroxylmethylbenzene, and these alkylene oxide adducts. When trihydric or higher alcohols are used, the compound (1) is preferable among them, and among them, glycerol, trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol are preferable from the viewpoint of low cost. However, gloss and transparency tend to decrease. Therefore, the amount used should be small.

As the colorant used in the color toner of the present invention, known pigments and dyes capable of obtaining toners of yellow, magenta, cyan and black colors can be used.
Examples of yellow pigments include cadmium yellow, mineral fast yellow, nickel titanium yellow, navel yellow, naphthol yellow S, Hansa Yellow G, Hansa Yellow 10G, Benzidine Yellow GR, Quinoline Yellow Lake, Permanent Yellow NCG, and Tartrazine Lake. Be mentioned.
Examples of the orange pigment include molybdenum orange, permanent orange GTR, pyrazolone orange, Vulcan orange, indanthrene brilliant orange RK, benzidine orange G, and indanthrene brilliant orange GK.
Examples of red pigments include Bengala, Cadmium Red, Permanent Red 4R, Resol Red, Pyrazolone Red, Watching Red Calcium Salt, Lake Red D, Brilliant Carmine 6B, Eosin Lake, Rhodamine Lake B, Alizarin Lake, Brilliant Carmine 3B.
Examples of purple pigments include fast violet B and methyl violet lake.
Examples of blue pigments include cobalt blue, alkali blue, Victoria blue lake, phthalocyanine blue, metal-free phthalocyanine blue, phthalocyanine blue partially chlorinated, first sky blue, and indanthrene blue BC.
Examples of green pigments include chrome green, chromium oxide, pigment green B, and malachite green lake. Examples of black pigments include azine dyes such as carbon black, oil furnace black, channel black, lamp black, acetylene black, and aniline black, metal salt azo dyes, metal oxides, and composite metal oxides. These can use 1 type (s) or 2 or more types.

  The color toner of the present invention can contain a charge control agent in the toner as needed. For example, nigrosine, an azine dye containing an alkyl group having 2 to 16 carbon atoms (Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-1627), a basic dye (for example, CI Basic Yellow 2 (CI 41000), CI Basic Yellow 3, C.I.Basic Red 1 (C.I. 45160), C.I.Basic Red 9 (C.I. 42500), C.I.Basic Violet 1 (C.I. 42535), C I. Basic Violet 3 (C.I. 42555), C. I. Basic Violet 10 (C.I. 45170), C.I.Basic Violet 14 (C.I. 42510), C.I.Basic Blueet 1 (C.I. 42025), C.I.Basic Blue 3 (C.I.51005), C.I. ascii blue 5 (C.I. 42140), C.I.Basic Blue 7 (C.I.42595), C.I.Basic Blue 9 (C.I.522015), C.I.Basic Blue 24 (C. CI Basic Blue 25 (C.I.52025), C.I.Basic Blue 26 (C.I.44045), C.I.Basic Green 1 (C.I.42040), Lake pigments of these basic dyes, such as CI Basic Green 4 (CI 42000), CI Solvent Black 8 (CI 26150), benzoylmethyl hexadecyl ammonium chloride, decyltrimethyl chloride Quaternary ammonium salts, or dibutyl or dioctyl Polyamine resins such as dialkyl tin compounds, dialkyl tin borate compounds, guanidine derivatives, vinyl polymers containing amino groups, condensation polymers containing amino groups, Japanese Patent Publication No. 41-20153, Japanese Patent Publication No. 43-27596 A metal complex salt of a monoazo dye described in JP-B-44-6397 and JP-B-45-26478, salicylic acid described in JP-B-55-42752, JP-B-59-7385, Examples include dialkyl salicylic acid, naphthoic acid, dicarboxylic acid metal complexes such as Zn, Al, Co, Cr, and Fe, sulfonated copper phthalocyanine pigments, organic boron salts, fluorine-containing quaternary ammonium salts, calixarene compounds, and the like. . Naturally, color toners other than black should avoid the use of charge control agents that impair the target color, and white metal salts of salicylic acid derivatives are preferably used.

  In the toner of the present invention, transferability and durability can be further improved by externally adding inorganic fine particles such as silica, titanium oxide, alumina, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, and resin fine particles to the base toner particles. it can. This effect can be obtained by covering the wax that lowers transferability and durability with these external additives and reducing the contact area by covering the toner surface with fine particles. The surface of these inorganic fine particles is preferably subjected to a hydrophobic treatment, and metal oxide fine particles such as silica and titanium oxide subjected to the hydrophobic treatment are preferably used. As the resin fine particles, polymethyl methacrylate or polystyrene fine particles having an average particle size of about 0.05 to 1 μm obtained by a soap-free emulsion polymerization method are suitably used. In addition, the combination of hydrophobized silica and hydrophobized titanium oxide increases the amount of hydrophobized titanium oxide externally added compared to the amount of hydrophobized silica externally charged. The toner can also be excellent in stability.

Conventionally used in combination with the above inorganic fine particles such as silica having a specific surface area of 20 to 50 m ² / g and resin fine particles having an average particle diameter of 1/100 to 1/8 of the average particle diameter of the base toner. The durability can be improved by externally adding an external additive having a particle size larger than that of the external additive to the toner. This is because the metal oxide particles externally added to the toner tend to be embedded in the base toner particles in the process where the toner is mixed and stirred with the carrier in the developing device, charged, and used for development. This is because it is possible to prevent the metal oxide fine particles from being embedded by externally adding an external additive having a particle size larger than that of the oxide fine particles to the toner.

  The above-mentioned inorganic fine particles and resin fine particles are contained (internally added) in the toner, but the effect is reduced as compared with the case of external addition, but the effect of improving transferability and durability can be obtained and the pulverization property of the toner can be improved. Can do. In addition, since external addition and internal addition can be used together to suppress embedding of fine particles added externally, excellent transferability can be stably obtained and durability can be improved.

In addition, the following are mentioned as a typical example of the hydrophobization processing agent used here.
Dimethyldichlorosilane, trimethylchlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane, allyldimethyldichlorosilane, allylphenyldichlorosilane, benzyldimethylchlorosilane, bromomethyldimethylchlorosilane, α-chloroethyltrichlorosilane, p-chloroethyltrichlorosilane, Chloromethyldimethylchlorosilane, chloromethyltrichlorosilane, p-chlorophenyltrichlorosilane, 3-chloropropyltrichlorosilane, 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinylmethoxysilane, vinyl-tris (β-methoxyethoxy) ) Silane, γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriacetoxysilane, divinyldichlorosilane, dimethylvinylchlorosilane, octyl Trichlorosilane, decyl-trichlorosilane, nonyl-trichlorosilane, (4-t-propylphenyl) -trichlorosilane, (4-t-butylphenyl) -trichlorosilane, diventyl-dichlorosilane, dihexyl-dichlorosilane, dioctyl-dichlorosilane, dinonyl -Dichlorosilane, didecyl-dichlorosilane, didodecyl-dichlorosilane, dihexadecyl-dichlorosilane, (4-t-butylphenyl) -octyl-dichlorosilane, dioctyl-dichlorosilane, didecenyl-dichlorosilane, dinonenyl-dichlorosilane, di-2-ethylhexyl-dichlorosilane, di- 3,3-dimethylbenthyl-dichlorosilane, trihexyl-chlorosilane, trioctyl-chlorosilane, tridecyl-chlorosilane Dioctyl-methyl-chlorosilane, octyl-dimethyl-chlorosilane, (4-t-propylphenyl) -diethyl-chlorosilane, octyltrimethoxysilane, hexamethyldisilazane, hexaethyldisilazane, diethyltetramethyldisilazane, hexaphenyldisilazane , Hexatolyl disilazane and the like. In addition, titanate coupling agents and aluminum coupling agents can also be used. In addition, as an external additive for the purpose of improving the cleaning property, a lubricant such as an aliphatic metal salt or a fine particle of polyvinylidene fluoride can be used in combination.

  When the color toner of the present invention is used for a two-component developer, it is used by mixing with carrier powder. As the carrier in this case, a known carrier can be used, and examples thereof include iron powder, ferrite powder, magnetite powder, nickel powder, glass beads and the like, and those whose surfaces are coated with a resin. As the resin for covering the surface of the carrier, silicon resin, fluorine resin, acrylic resin, or the like is used. The particle size of the carrier is preferably 25 to 200 μm in volume average particle size. The ratio of toner to carrier is usually about 1:99 to 10:90 by weight, although it depends on the particle size of each.

  The toner production method of the present invention includes a step of mechanically mixing a developer component including at least a binder resin, a main charge control agent, and a pigment, a step of melt kneading, a step of pulverizing, and a step of classifying. A method for producing a toner having the above can be applied. In addition, in the mechanical mixing step and the melt-kneading step, a production method is also included in which powder other than the particles obtained as a product obtained in the pulverization or classification step is returned and reused.

  The powder (sub-product) other than the particles used as the product referred to here is a fine particle or coarse particle other than the component which becomes the product having a desired particle size obtained in the pulverization step after the melt-kneading step, and a subsequent classification step. It means fine particles or coarse particles other than the components that are produced as products having a desired particle size. It is preferable that such a by-product is mixed in the weight ratio of the other raw material 50 to the sub-product 50 from the other raw material 99 to the sub-product 1 in the mixing step and the melt-kneading step.

  The mixing step of mechanically mixing at least the binder resin, the main charge control agent and pigment, and the developer component including the by-product may be performed under normal conditions using a normal mixer using a rotating blade, There is no particular limitation.

  When the above mixing process is completed, the mixture is then charged into a kneader and melt-kneaded. As the melt kneader, a uniaxial or biaxial continuous kneader or a batch kneader using a roll mill can be used.

  Conventionally known methods can be applied to the toner production method of the present invention. As a device for kneading the toner, a batch-type twin roll, a Banbury mixer, a continuous twin-screw extruder, for example, KTK manufactured by Kobe Steel, Ltd. Type twin screw extruder, Toshiba Machine's TEM type twin screw extruder, KCK's twin screw extruder, Ikekai Tekko's PCM type twin screw extruder, Kurimoto Iron Works' KEX type twin screw extruder, A single-screw kneader of a formula, for example, a co-kneader manufactured by Buss, is preferably used.

  The melt-kneaded product obtained as described above is cooled and then pulverized. For pulverization, for example, coarsely pulverized using a hammer mill, a funnel plex or the like, and further, a fine pulverizer using a jet stream or mechanical pulverization A machine can be used. The pulverization is desirably performed so that the average particle diameter is 3 to 15 μm. Further, the pulverized product is adjusted in particle size to 5 to 20 μm by a wind classifier or the like. Subsequently, the external additive is externally added to the base toner. The base toner and the external additive are mixed and stirred using a mixer, and the external additive is crushed and coated on the toner surface. At this time, it is important in terms of durability that external additives such as inorganic fine particles and resin fine particles are uniformly and firmly attached to the base toner.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples, but the present invention is not limited only to these examples. In the following examples, parts and% are based on weight unless otherwise specified.

Example 1
As the polyester resin, a resin not containing a THF-insoluble component and having a Mw of 60000, an acid value of 15 mgKOH / g, and a glass transition point of 65 ° C. was used.
Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin 100 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 4 parts
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Carnauba wax 5 parts Magenta Toner Formula:
Polyester resin 100 parts Magenta pigment (pigment red 184 5 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Carnauba wax 5 parts Yellow toner formulation:
100 parts polyester resin Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 185 8 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Carnauba wax 5 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 5 parts Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Carnauba wax 5 parts Among the above materials, pigment, polyester resin and pure water are used at a ratio of 1: 1: 0.5. , Mixed and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the masterbatch that was created, mix the materials so that they are the same as the above recipe, melt and knead with two rolls at 120 ° C for 40 minutes, cool, coarsely pulverize with a hammer mill, and finely pulverize with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder obtained by pulverization was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 5 μm. Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) was added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.

(Example 2)
As the polyester resin, a resin containing 3% of a THF-insoluble component, Mw 36000, acid value 10 mgKOH / g, and glass transition point 62 ° C. was used.
The synthetic ester wax (1) having the long-chain branched structure described below was used as the wax.

シアントナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
シアン顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｂｌｕｅ １５−３） ２部
顔料１次粒径 ６０ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
エステルワックス（１） ４部
マゼンタトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
マゼンタ顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ Ｖｉｏｌｅｔ １９ ５部
顔料１次粒径 １００ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
エステルワックス（１） ４部
イエロートナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
イエロー顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １８０ ４部
顔料１次粒径 ９０ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
エステルワックス（１） ４部
ブラックトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
ブラック顔料（カーボンブラック） ３部
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
エステルワックス（１） ４部
上記材料のうち、顔料とポリエステル樹脂および純水を１：１：０．５の割合で、混合し、２本ロールにより混練した。混練を７０℃で行ない、その後、ロール温度を１２０℃まで上げて、水を蒸発させマスターバッチを予め作成した。
作成したマスターバッチを使用して、上記処方と同じになるように材料を混ぜ、２本ロールで１４０℃、５０分溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルで粗粉砕後、エアージェット粉砕機で微粉砕し得られた微粉末を分級して重量平均粒径（Ｄ４）７．２μｍの粉体を作った。さらに、疎水性シリカ（Ｈ２０００、クラリアントジャパン社製）を１．０％添加し、ミキサーで混合し、表１に示されるトナーを得た。

Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin 100 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 2 parts
Pigment primary particle size 60nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts ester wax (1) 4 parts magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Magenta pigment (pigment Violet 19 5 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Ester wax (1) 4 parts Yellow toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 180 4 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Ester wax (1) 4 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 3 parts Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Ester wax (1) 4 parts Among the above materials, pigment, polyester resin and pure water are 1: 1: 0.5. They were mixed at a ratio and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the prepared masterbatch, mix the ingredients so that they are the same as the above recipe, melt knead with two rolls at 140 ° C for 50 minutes, cool, coarsely pulverize with a hammer mill, and finely pulverize with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder obtained by pulverization was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 7.2 μm. Furthermore, 1.0% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) was added and mixed with a mixer to obtain a toner shown in Table 1.

Example 3
The polyester resin contains 5% THF-insoluble component, Mw 83000, acid value 23 mgKOH / g, polyester resin A having a glass transition point of 65 ° C., and does not contain THF-insoluble component, Mw 20000, acid value 15 mgKOH / g, Polyester resin B having a glass transition point of 70 ° C. was used in the following formulation ratio.
As the wax, a synthetic ester wax (2) having a long-chain branched structure described below was used.

シアントナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ５０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ５０部
シアン顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｂｌｕｅ １５−３） ３部
顔料１次粒径 ６０ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（２） ５．５部
マゼンタトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ５０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ５０部
マゼンタ顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ Ｖｉｏｌｅｔ １９ ５部
顔料１次粒径 １００ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス （２） ５．５部
イエロートナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ５０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ５０部
イエロー顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎ ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １８０ ４部
顔料１次粒径 ９０ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（２） ５．５部
ブラックトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ５０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ５０部
ブラック顔料（カーボンブラック） ３部
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（２） ５．５部
上記材料のうち、顔料とポリエステル樹脂Ｂおよび純水を１：１：０．５の割合で、混合し、２本ロールにより混練した。混練を７０℃で行ない、その後、ロール温度を１２０℃まで上げて、水を蒸発させマスターバッチを予め作成した。
作成したマスターバッチを使用して、上記処方と同じになるように材料を混ぜ、２本ロールで１１０℃、５０分溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルで粗粉砕後、エアージェット粉砕機で微粉砕し得られた微粉末を分級して重量平均粒径（Ｄ４）７．５μｍの粉体を作った。
さらに、疎水性シリカ（Ｈ２０００、クラリアントジャパン社製）を０．５％と酸化チタン０．５％添加し、ミキサーで混合し、表１に示されるトナーを得た。

Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin A 50 parts Polyester resin B 50 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 3 parts
Pigment primary particle size 60nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (2) 5.5 parts Magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 50 parts Polyester resin B 50 parts Magenta pigment (pigment Violet 19 5 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (2) 5.5 parts Yellow toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 50 parts Polyester resin B 50 parts Yellow pigment (pigmen yellow 180 4 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (2) 5.5 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 50 parts Polyester resin B 50 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 3 parts TN-105 manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 part Ester wax (2) 5.5 parts Among the above materials, pigment, polyester resin B and pure water Were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1: 0.5 and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the masterbatch that was created, mix the materials so that they are the same as the above recipe, melt knead for 50 minutes at 110 ° C with two rolls, cool, coarsely pulverize with a hammer mill, and finely pulverize with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder obtained by pulverization was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 7.5 μm.
Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) and 0.5% of titanium oxide were added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.

Example 4
As the polyester resin, the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B used in Example 3 were used in the following prescription ratio.
As the wax, a synthetic ester wax (3) having a long-chain branched structure described below was used.

シアントナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ６０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ４０部
シアン顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｂｌｕｅ １５−３） ３部
顔料１次粒径 ６０ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（３） ３．５部
マゼンタトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ６０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ４０部
マゼンタ顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ Ｖｉｏｌｅｔ １９ ５部
顔料１次粒径 １００ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス （３） ３．５部
イエロートナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ６０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ４０部
イエロー顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １８０ ４部
顔料１次粒径 ９０ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（３） ３．５部
ブラックトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ ６０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ４０部
ブラック顔料（カーボンブラック） ３部
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（３） ３．５部
上記材料のうち、顔料とポリエステル樹脂Ｂおよび純水を１：１：０．５の割合で、混合し、２本ロールにより混練した。混練を７０℃で行ない、その後、ロール温度を１２０℃まで上げて、水を蒸発させマスターバッチを予め作成した。
作成したマスターバッチを使用して、上記処方と同じになるように材料を混ぜ、２本ロールで１３０℃、５０分溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルで粗粉砕後、エアージェット粉砕機で微粉砕し得られた微粉末を分級して重量平均粒径（Ｄ４）６．５μｍの粉体を作った。
さらに、疎水性シリカ（Ｈ２０００、クラリアントジャパン社製）を０．５％と酸化チタン０．５％添加し、ミキサーで混合し、表１に示されるトナーを得た。

Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin A 60 parts Polyester resin B 40 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 3 parts
Pigment primary particle size 60nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (3) 3.5 parts Magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 60 parts Polyester resin B 40 parts Magenta pigment (pigment Violet 19 5 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (3) 3.5 parts Yellow toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 60 parts Polyester resin B 40 parts Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 180 4 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (3) 3.5 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 60 parts Polyester resin B 40 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 3 parts Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (3) 3.5 parts Among the above materials, pigment, polyester resin B and pure water Were mixed at a ratio of 1: 1: 0.5 and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the masterbatch that was created, mix the ingredients so that they are the same as the above recipe, melt knead with a two-roller at 130 ° C for 50 minutes, cool, coarsely pulverize with a hammer mill, and finely pulverize with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder obtained by pulverization was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 6.5 μm.
Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) and 0.5% of titanium oxide were added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.

(Example 5)
As the polyester resin, the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B used in Example 3 were used in the following prescription ratio.
As the wax, the synthetic ester wax (3) having a long chain branched structure used in Example 3 was used.
Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin A 70 parts Polyester resin B 30 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 3 parts
Pigment primary particle size 60nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 1 part ester wax (3) 5 parts magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 70 parts Polyester resin B 30 parts Magenta pigment (pigment Violet 19 5 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 1 part ester wax (3) 5 parts Yellow toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 70 parts Polyester resin B 30 parts Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 180 4 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 1 part Ester wax (3) 5 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 70 parts Polyester resin B 30 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 3 parts Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 1 part Ester wax (3) 5 parts Of the above materials, 1 part of pigment, polyester resin B and pure water The mixture was mixed at a ratio of 1: 0.5 and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the masterbatch that was created, mix the ingredients so that they are the same as the above recipe, melt knead with a two-roller at 130 ° C for 50 minutes, cool, coarsely pulverize with a hammer mill, and finely pulverize with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder obtained by pulverization was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 6.5 μm.
Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) and 0.5% of titanium oxide were added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.

(Example 6)
As the polyester resin, the polyester resin A and the polyester resin B used in Example 3 were used in the following prescription ratio.
As the wax, the synthetic ester wax (3) having a long-chain branched structure used in Example 3 was used.
Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin A 20 parts Polyester resin B 80 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 5 parts
Pigment primary particle size 60nm)
TN-105 manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 part Ester wax (3) 3 parts Magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 20 parts Polyester resin B 80 parts Magenta pigment (pigment Violet 19 7 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (3) 3 parts Yellow toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 20 parts Polyester resin B 80 parts Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 180 5 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (3) 3 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 20 parts Polyester resin B 80 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 5 parts Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (3) 3 parts Of the above materials, 1 part of pigment, polyester resin B and pure water The mixture was mixed at a ratio of 1: 0.5 and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the masterbatch that was created, mix the ingredients so that they are the same as the above recipe, melt knead with a two-roller at 130 ° C for 50 minutes, cool, coarsely pulverize with a hammer mill, and finely pulverize with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder obtained by pulverization was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 7.6 μm.
Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) and 0.5% of titanium oxide were added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 1)
As the polyester resin, polyester resin A and polyester resin B used in Example 3 were used in the following prescription ratio.
The following linear synthetic ester wax (4) was used as the wax.

シアントナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ １０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ９０部
シアン顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｂｌｕｅ １５−３） ５部
顔料１次粒径 ６０ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（４） ５部
マゼンタトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ １０部
マゼンタ顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ Ｖｉｏｌｅｔ １９ ７部
顔料１次粒径 １００ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス （４） ５部
イエロートナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ １０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ９０部
イエロー顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １８０ ５部
顔料１次粒径 ９０ｎｍ）
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（４） ５部
ブラックトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 Ａ １０部
ポリエステル樹脂 Ｂ ９０部
ブラック顔料（カーボンブラック） ５部
保土ヶ谷化学工業社製ＴＮ−１０５ １部
エステルワックス（４） ５部
上記材料のうち、顔料とポリエステル樹脂Ｂおよび純水を１：１：０．５の割合で、混合し、２本ロールにより混練した。混練を７０℃で行ない、その後、ロール温度を１２０℃まで上げて、水を蒸発させマスターバッチを予め作成した。
作成したマスターバッチを使用して、上記処方と同じになるように材料を混ぜ、２本ロールで１３０℃、５０分溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルで粗粉砕後、エアージェット粉砕機で微粉砕し得られた微粉末を分級して重量平均粒径（Ｄ４）７．０μｍの粉体を作った。
さらに、疎水性シリカ（Ｈ２０００、クラリアントジャパン社製）を０．５％と酸化チタン０．５％添加し、ミキサーで混合し、表１に示されるトナーを得た。

Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin A 10 parts Polyester resin B 90 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 5 parts
Pigment primary particle size 60nm)
TN-105 manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 part Ester wax (4) 5 parts Magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 10 parts Magenta pigment (pigment Violet 19 7 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Honogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (4) 5 parts Yellow toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 10 parts Polyester resin B 90 parts Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 180 5 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 90nm)
TN-105 manufactured by Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. 1 part Ester wax (4) 5 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin A 10 parts Polyester resin B 90 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 5 parts Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd. TN-105 1 part Ester wax (4) 5 parts Of the above materials, 1 part of pigment, polyester resin B and pure water The mixture was mixed at a ratio of 1: 0.5 and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the masterbatch that was created, mix the ingredients so that they are the same as the above recipe, melt knead with a two-roller at 130 ° C for 50 minutes, cool, coarsely pulverize with a hammer mill, and finely pulverize with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder obtained by pulverization was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 7.0 μm.
Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) and 0.5% of titanium oxide were added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 2)
The polyester resin used in Example 1 was used as the polyester resin.
The following synthetic ester wax (5) was used as the wax.

シアントナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
シアン顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｂｌｕｅ １５−３） ２部
顔料１次粒径 １５０ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（５） ５部
マゼンタトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
マゼンタ顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｒｅｄ １８５ ３部
顔料１次粒径 １００ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（５） ５部
イエロートナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
イエロー顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １７ ４部
顔料１次粒径 １２０ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（５） ５部
ブラックトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
ブラック顔料（カーボンブラック） ３部
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（５） ５部
上記材料のうち、顔料とポリエステル樹脂および純水を１：１：０．５の割合で、混合し、２本ロールにより混練した。混練を７０℃で行ない、その後、ロール温度を１２０℃まで上げて、水を蒸発させマスターバッチを予め作成した。
作成したマスターバッチを使用して、上記処方と同じになるように材料を混ぜ、２本ロールで溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルで粗粉砕後、エアージェット粉砕機で微粉砕し得られた微粉末を分級して重量平均粒径（Ｄ４）８．５μｍの粉体を作った。
さらに、疎水性シリカ（Ｈ２０００、クラリアントジャパン社製）を０．５％と酸化チタン０．５％添加し、ミキサーで混合し、表１に示されるトナーを得た。

Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin 100 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 2 parts
Pigment primary particle size 150nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (5) 5 parts Magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Magenta pigment (pigment red 185 3 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (5) 5 parts Yellow toner formulation:
100 parts of polyester resin Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 17 4 parts)
Pigment primary particle size 120nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (5) 5 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 3 parts Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (5) 5 parts Among the above materials, pigment, polyester resin and pure water are 1: 1: 0.5. Were mixed and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the prepared master batch, the materials were mixed in the same way as the above recipe, melted and kneaded with two rolls, cooled, coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill, and finely pulverized with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 8.5 μm.
Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) and 0.5% of titanium oxide were added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.

(Comparative Example 3)
As the polyester resin, the polyester resin used in Example 1 was used.
The following synthetic ester wax (6) was used as the wax.

シアントナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
シアン顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｂｌｕｅ １５−３） ２部
顔料１次粒径 １５０ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（６） ５部
マゼンタトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
マゼンタ顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｒｅｄ １８５ ３部
顔料１次粒径 １００ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（６） ５部
イエロートナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
イエロー顔料（ｐｉｇｍｅｎｔ ｙｅｌｌｏｗ １７ ４部
顔料１次粒径 １２０ｎｍ）
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（６） ５部
ブラックトナー処方：
ポリエステル樹脂 １００部
ブラック顔料（カーボンブラック） ３部
オリエント化学工業社製Ｅ−８４ ２部
合成エステルワックス（６） ５部
上記材料のうち、顔料とポリエステル樹脂および純水を１：１：０．５の割合で、混合し、２本ロールにより混練した。混練を７０℃で行ない、その後、ロール温度を１２０℃まで上げて、水を蒸発させマスターバッチを予め作成した。
作成したマスターバッチを使用して、上記処方と同じになるように材料を混ぜ、２本ロールで溶融混練し、冷却後、ハンマーミルで粗粉砕後、エアージェット粉砕機で微粉砕し得られた微粉末を分級して重量平均粒径（Ｄ４）５．５μｍの粉体を作った。
さらに、疎水性シリカ（Ｈ２０００、クラリアントジャパン社製）を０．５％と酸化チタン０．５％添加し、ミキサーで混合し、表１に示されるトナーを得た。
このようにして得られた実施例及び比較例の各トナー５部に、平均粒径５０μｍのＣｕ−Ｚｎフェライトにシリコーン樹脂を被覆したキャリアを９５部混合し、各現像剤を得た。複写品質としては各現像剤についてリコー製imagio neo C385の定着部を改造し、オイルレス定着方式として定着性、耐ホットオフセット性、光沢性、光沢むら、地かぶりの評価を行なった。
評価方法、測定方法について下記に記載する。

Cyan toner prescription:
Polyester resin 100 parts Cyan pigment (pigment blue 15-3) 2 parts
Pigment primary particle size 150nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (6) 5 parts Magenta toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Magenta pigment (pigment red 185 3 parts)
(Pigment primary particle size 100nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (6) 5 parts Yellow toner formulation:
100 parts of polyester resin Yellow pigment (pigment yellow 17 4 parts)
Pigment primary particle size 120nm)
Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (6) 5 parts Black toner formulation:
Polyester resin 100 parts Black pigment (carbon black) 3 parts Orient Chemical Co., Ltd. E-84 2 parts Synthetic ester wax (6) 5 parts Among the above materials, pigment, polyester resin and pure water are 1: 1: 0.5. Were mixed and kneaded by two rolls. Kneading was performed at 70 ° C., and then the roll temperature was raised to 120 ° C. to evaporate water and prepare a master batch in advance.
Using the prepared master batch, the materials were mixed in the same way as the above recipe, melted and kneaded with two rolls, cooled, coarsely pulverized with a hammer mill, and finely pulverized with an air jet pulverizer. The fine powder was classified to prepare a powder having a weight average particle diameter (D4) of 5.5 μm.
Further, 0.5% of hydrophobic silica (H2000, manufactured by Clariant Japan) and 0.5% of titanium oxide were added and mixed with a mixer to obtain the toner shown in Table 1.
95 parts of a carrier obtained by coating a silicone resin on Cu—Zn ferrite having an average particle diameter of 50 μm was mixed with 5 parts of each of the toners of Examples and Comparative Examples thus obtained to obtain developers. As for copy quality, the fixing part of Ricoh's imagio neo C385 was remodeled for each developer, and the fixing property, hot offset resistance, glossiness, uneven gloss, and ground cover were evaluated as an oilless fixing method.
The evaluation method and measurement method are described below.

(Measurement of molecular weight of toner by GPC)
The molecular weight was measured by GPC by stabilizing the column in a heat chamber at 40 ° C., and flowing THF as a solvent at a flow rate of 1 ml / min to the column at this temperature to a sample concentration of 0.05 to 0.6% by weight. Measurement is performed by injecting 50 to 200 μl of a THF sample solution of the prepared resin. In measuring the molecular weight of a sample, the molecular weight distribution of the sample is calculated from the relationship between the logarithmic value of a calibration curve prepared from several types of monodisperse polystyrene standard samples and the number of counts. As a standard polystyrene sample for preparing a calibration curve, for example, Pressure Chemical Co. Or Toyo Soda Kogyo Co., Ltd. having a molecular weight of ^{6 × 10 2, 2.1 × 10} 3, 4 × 10 3, 1.75 × 10 4, 5.1 × 10 4, 1.1 × 10 5, 3.9 It is suitable to use x10 ⁵ , 8.6 × 10 ⁵ , 2 × 10 ⁶ , 4.48 × 10 ⁶ , and use at least about 10 standard polystyrene samples. An RI (refractive index) detector is used as the detector.

(Measurement of molecular weight of wax by GPC)
In the measurement of the molecular weight distribution of the toner described above, the measurement solvent was dichlorobenzene, and the column was stabilized in a 145 ° C. heat chamber.

(Storage elastic modulus G ′, loss elastic modulus G ″, tan δ, viscosity measurement method)
About 1 g of toner is pressure-molded to produce a measurement sample having a diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 2 mm.
The rheological characteristics are measured with a dynamic analyzer RDA II (manufactured by Rheometric) using a parallel plate with a diameter of 25 mm and applying a sinusoidal vibration to sweep the temperature. The measurement frequency is 1 hz, the initial strain value is 10%, and the measurement is performed at 5 ° C. intervals from 60 ° C. to 200 ° C.

Glossiness, uneven glossiness Replace the fixing roller with a PFA tube coating roller, and remove the silicone oil coating device, then use a Ricoh color copier Rico's imagio neo C385 remodeling machine, 1.0 ± 0.1 mg / cm ² Adjustment is made so that the toner is developed, and the glossiness of the solid image sample when the fixing belt surface temperature is 160 ° C. is measured using a gloss meter manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd. at an incident angle of 60 °. Measured.
The transfer paper used was Ricoh full color PPC paper type 6000 <70W. As the glossiness, the value when the fixing belt surface temperature is 150 ° C. is used as the glossiness, and as the gloss unevenness, the ratio when the fixing belt surface temperature is 180 ° C. and 150 ° C .: glossiness (180 ° C.) / Gloss The ratio (degrees 150 ° C.) was taken. The closer this ratio is to 1.0, the more uniform the image without uneven gloss.
Gloss unevenness evaluation rank A: Excellent Ratio of gloss (180 ° C.) / Gloss (150 ° C.) is 1.0 to 3.0
○: The ratio of ordinary gloss (180 ° C.) / Gloss (150 ° C.) is 3.1 to 5.5.
X: Poor gloss ratio (180 ° C) / gloss level (150 ° C) ratio of 5.6 or more

The conditions of the fixing belt are described below.
Fixing belt: Belt diameter: Φ60,
Substrate: nickel of about 40 μm thickness,
Release layer: about 150 μm silicon rubber coated with 20 μm PFA Belt tension: 1.5 kg / piece,
Belt speed: 180 mm / sec,
Fixing nip width: 10 mm,
Heater output: Heating 650W, pressurizing 400W
Fixing pressure (total pressure): 40 kg

Hot offset resistance Using a Ricoh color copier Rimayo neo C385 remodeling machine used for evaluation of glossiness, the temperature of the fixing belt was changed by 5 ° C., and the temperature at which offset started to occur was measured. The fixing belt was evaluated under the condition that no oil was applied, and the transfer paper was Ricoh Full Color PPC paper type 6000 <70 W. The evaluation results were expressed as follows.

Fixing property Using a modified Ricoh color copier Rimao neo C385 used for evaluation of glossiness, the fixing belt temperature is changed by 5 ° C., and copying is performed to obtain a fixed image.
A fixing tape (manufactured by 3M) is applied to the fixed image, and after applying a certain pressure, it is slowly peeled off. The image density before and after that is measured with a Macbeth densitometer, and the fixing rate is calculated by the following equation. The temperature of the fixing roller is lowered step by step, and the temperature at which the fixing rate represented by the following formula becomes 80% or less is defined as the fixing temperature. (Image density = before tape attachment)

Wax filming on a carrier Using a Ricoh color copier Rimao neo C385 remodeling machine used for evaluation of glossiness, 50,000 copies were copied and the amount of charge was measured. When wax filming occurs, the charge amount is extremely reduced.

(Crushability)
The grindability was pulverized with an air pulverizer, and the feed amount for obtaining a desired particle size was determined.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic diagram of a fixing mechanism when a fixing belt is used in the fixing method of the present invention. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of an image forming apparatus having a developing unit on which a toner cartridge of the present invention is mounted. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an electrophotographic apparatus according to the present invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows another example of the electrophotographic apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is the figure which showed one example of the process cartridge of this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows another example of the electrophotographic apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows another example of the electrophotographic apparatus which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic cross section which shows another example of the electrophotographic apparatus which concerns on this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Developing means 2 Toner storage container (toner cartridge)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Toner flow means 4 Developing housing 5 1st stirring screw 6 2nd stirring screw 7 Developing roller 9 Doctor blade 10 Process cartridge 11 ... Latent image carrier (electrophotographic photosensitive member)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Charging means 13 ... Exposure means 14 ... Developing means 15 ... Toner 16 ... Transfer means 17 ... Cleaning means 18 ... Image receiving medium 19 ... Fixing means 1A ... Destaticizing means 1B: Pre-cleaning exposure means 1C ... Drive means 1D ... First transfer means 1E ... Second transfer means 1F ... Intermediate transfer member 1G ... Image receiving medium carrier 23 toner supply unit 24 connecting member 25 filter 26 cap B fixing belt D developer H heating source G guide P pressure spring R1 fixing roller R2 pressure roller R3 heating roller R4 cleaning roller

Claims (12)

In a full-color toner for two-component development containing at least a polyester resin, a colorant, and carnauba wax and / or a synthetic ester wax having a long chain branched structure represented by the following formula (1), the resin component of the toner is a gel perm In the molecular weight distribution of THF (tetrahydrofuran) solubles by Aation Chromatography (GPC), it contains 30 to 50% of a component having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 10000 or less with respect to the total amount of THF solubles, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) In the rheological properties measured by the temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%, the viscosity at 130 to 180 ° C. is 80 to 3500 Pa · s, and the loss elasticity Tan δ (tan δ = G ″ / G ′) represented by the ratio of the modulus G ″ and the storage elastic modulus G ′ Is a full-color toner for two-component development, wherein the toner is in the range of 1.0 to 4.0 at 130 to 180 ° C.

[Wherein, R ₁ and R ₂ represent an alkyl group or alkenyl group having 14 to 30 carbon atoms, and R ₃ and R ₄ represent an alkyl group having 14 to 30 carbon atoms] In a full-color toner for two-component development containing at least a polyester resin, a colorant, and carnauba wax and / or a synthetic ester wax having a long chain branched structure represented by the following formula (1), the resin component of the toner is a gel perm In the molecular weight distribution of the THF-soluble matter by Aation Chromatography (GPC), it contains 35 to 45% of a component having a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 10000 or less with respect to the total amount of THF-soluble matter, and a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 1000 or less. In the rheological properties of 0.5 to 10% of components, measured by a temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%, the viscosity at 130 to 180 ° C. is 120 to 2500 Pa · s, and the loss modulus G ′ Tan δ (tan δ = G ″ / G ′) represented by the ratio of “to storage elastic modulus G” is 130 to 180 ° C. The full-color toner for two-component development characterized by being in the range of 1.0 to 3.0.

The toner according to claim 1, wherein the weight average molecular weight (W-Mw) is 1000 to 1500 in the molecular weight distribution of the wax. 4. The toner according to claim 1, wherein the toner contains 2 to 8% of a component having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 100,000 or more with respect to the total amount of the THF soluble component in the molecular weight distribution of the THF soluble component. In the rheological properties measured by the temperature sweep method at a frequency of 1 Hz and a strain of 10%, the ratio (G ′ ₁₃₀ / G ′) of the storage elastic modulus (G ′ ₁₃₀ ) at ₁₃₀ ° C. and the storage elastic modulus (G ′ ₁₈₀ ) at 180 ° C. The toner according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein ₁₈₀ ) is in the range of 3 to 10. A toner cartridge filled with the electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1. A charging process in which voltage is applied to the charging member by applying a voltage to the charging member from outside, a process in which an electrostatic image is formed on the charged body to be charged, and a toner image is formed by developing the electrostatic image with toner. Formed on the recording medium, a developing step for applying a voltage to the transfer member from the outside to transfer the toner image onto the transfer member, a cleaning step for cleaning the surface of the charged member after transfer with a cleaning member, An image forming method comprising a fixing step of fixing an unfixed toner by passing through a nip formed by a heated fixing belt and a pressure member and fixing the toner by contact heating. An image forming method using the toner according to any one of the above. In a process cartridge that includes a photosensitive member and a developing unit, and additionally supports at least one unit selected from a charging unit, an exposure unit, a transfer unit, a cleaning unit, and a charge eliminating unit, and is detachable from the image forming apparatus main body. 6. The process cartridge according to claim 1, wherein the developing means holds toner or a developer, and the toner according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is used as the toner or developer. A charged body that is an image carrier, a charging unit that uniformly charges the surface of the image carrier, an image exposure unit that performs image exposure after uniform charging to form an electrostatic latent image, and the electrostatic latent unit. An image forming apparatus comprising: a developing unit that develops toner on an image; a transfer unit that transfers a developed image; and a cleaning unit that cleans residual transfer toner on the image carrier. The developing unit holds toner or a developer. An image forming apparatus using the toner according to claim 1 as the toner or developer. An image forming apparatus comprising a plurality of process cartridges according to claim 8. The image forming apparatus includes an intermediate transfer unit that primarily transfers a toner image developed on an electrophotographic photosensitive member onto an intermediate transfer member and then secondary-transfers the toner image on the intermediate transfer member onto a recording material. The image forming apparatus, wherein a plurality of color toner images are sequentially superimposed on an intermediate transfer member to form a color image, and the color image is secondarily transferred onto a recording medium at a time. Or the image forming apparatus according to 10. The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the charging unit is a charging unit that performs charging by bringing a charging member into contact with the latent image carrier and applying a voltage to the charging member. .

Images