JP2006007022A - Classifier, classifying method of incineration ash and classifying sieve - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a classifier by which cleaning of a sieve can be reduced, classification efficiency and classification speed can be improved, maintenance cost can be reduced and continuous operation for a long time can be attained and further to provide a classifying method of incineration ash and a classifying sieve. <P>SOLUTION: In the classifier in which a plurality of planar sieves are stepwise disposed and a classification face is formed so that matter to be classified is moved from an upper stage to a lower stage and classification is performed by vibrating the sieves, cross sections of the sieves (8, 9) have an almost right-angled profile, the sieves are constituted of stage sections (8A, 9A) and level difference sections (8B, 9B) and comb teeth (8a, 8b) running along a moving direction over whole width from the stage sections (8A, 9A) to the level difference sections (8B, 9B) of the sieves (8, 9) and slits (8b, 9b) of desired classification width size are alternatively provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to a classification device for classifying incineration ash and the like, a classification method for incineration ash, and a classification sieve.

  Conventionally, vibrating sieves having fine details as required have been often used for classification of incinerated ash, crushed sand, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, and the like. For example, a classifying apparatus shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 is known. In this classifying apparatus, a plurality of plate-shaped sieves 20 and 23 are arranged in a step shape, and a classified product is moved from the upper stage sieve 20 to the lower stage. A classifying device has been proposed in which classification is performed by dropping a classified product having a desired particle diameter from the mesh 21 by vibrating the sieves 20 and 23 while moving toward the sieve 23 (see Patent Document 1).

  However, according to the classification device using a mesh, for example, when the classified product is incinerated ash from a waste incinerator, the diameter is partially increased, such as the bent wire 24 and the nail 25, mixed in the incinerated ash. As the operating time elapses, the foreign matter having a portion gets caught in the meshes of the sieves 20 and 23, and the presence of the caught foreign matter increases the phenomenon that the classification lump blocks the mesh, resulting in poor classification efficiency and classification. The problem is that the processing speed is reduced. Therefore, frequent cleaning and foreign matter removal work is required, which increases the running cost.

JP 2003-53271 A (FIG. 1)

  In view of the above-described problems, the present invention makes it possible to reduce the cleaning of the sieve, improve the classification efficiency and classification speed, reduce the maintenance cost, and achieve the long-term continuous operation and the incineration ash. An object of the present invention is to provide a classification method and a classification sieve.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes the following means (1) to (8).

  (1) The classifying apparatus according to the first means is provided with a plurality of plate-like sieves arranged in a staircase shape, and a classification surface is formed so as to move the classified product from the upper stage toward the lower stage, and the sieve is vibrated. In the classifying device that performs classification, the cross section of the sieve has a substantially right-angle shape, and is configured by a step portion and a step portion, and the moving direction extends across the entire width from the step portion of the sieve to the tip of the step portion. , And a slit having a desired classification width dimension are alternately provided.

  According to this classifying device, by classifying the sieve, a classified product having a desired classification diameter can be dropped and classified from a wide range of slits provided from the stepped portion of the sieve to the tip of the stepped portion. The drop load corresponding to the step height of the stepped portion of the stepped sieve is applied to the classified material, the classified material mass is divided, and the classified material diffuses in the width direction of the screen, improving the classification efficiency and the classification speed. .

  In addition, the cross-sectional shape of the sieve may be a substantially right-angle shape, and if it is a right angle, the height of the step is the largest and the longitudinal direction length of the classification surface (the moving direction length of the classified product) is shortened. When the angle is wide, the classified material can be smoothly conveyed on the classification surface. A combination may be made such that the cross-sectional shape of the sieve on the upstream side is a right angle and the downstream side is a sieve shape with a wider-angle cross section than that.

  (2) The classification device according to the second means is characterized in that, in the classification device according to the first means, the section of the sieve is formed in an arc shape, and the sectional shape of the sieve is a circle. Even in the case of an arc, the same effect as described above is obtained.

  (3) The classifying device according to the third means is the classifying device according to the first means or the second means, wherein a predetermined height is provided between the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve and the step of the sieve immediately below. It is characterized in that an open part that discharges foreign matters is formed, and even if the foreign matter is shaped to be caught on the comb teeth of the sieve, the left foreign matter is stepped from the stepped part of the sieve. It is guided along the slit provided to the tip of the part and discharged from the open part.

  (4) The classifying device according to the fourth means is the classifying device according to any one of the first means to the third means, and the comb teeth of the sieve are provided with two teeth of two different lengths. It has a feature that the tip of the long tooth is installed in the vicinity of the step portion of the screen immediately below, and an open part for discharging foreign matter is formed between the short tooth and the step portion of the screen below the step. Even if the foreign object is shaped so as to be caught on the comb teeth of the sieve, the left foreign substance is discharged from the open portion between the short teeth of the comb teeth of the sieve and the step portion immediately below.

  (5) The classifying device according to the fifth means is the classifying device according to any one of the first means to the fourth means, wherein the step portion of the screen immediately below from the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve is predetermined. Even if the foreign matter is relatively long, the presence of the extended portion causes the foreign matter to lie down on the stepped portion. Prevents foreign objects from getting caught on the edges of the parts.

  (6) The classifying apparatus according to the sixth means is characterized in that, in the classifying apparatus according to the fifth means, the extending portion of the screen of the immediately lower stage is formed to be inclined upward. Since the installation portion is inclined upward, when the sieve is vibrated, the classification product is easily transported to the lower stage side, and the classification product and foreign matter do not stay on the extension portion.

  (7) The method for classifying incinerated ash according to the seventh means is that the cross section is substantially a right-angled shape or an arc shape, and comb-shaped sieves having comb teeth and slits having a desired classification width are arranged in a staircase pattern. The incineration ash is conveyed to the formed classification surface, and the sieve is vibrated to classify the incineration ash from the slit of the sieve, and at the time of the classification, the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve It is characterized in that foreign matter is discharged from the gap with the sieve.

  According to this method, a three-dimensional wide area classification surface can be secured, the incinerated ash lump having a desired diameter can be classified by the sieve slit, and foreign matter blockage of the sieve can be prevented.

  (8) The classification sieve according to the eighth means is a comb-shaped classification sieve having a cross section of a substantially right-angle shape or an arc shape, and alternately provided with comb teeth and slits having a desired classification width dimension. Since it is a characteristic, the classification surface constituted by the present classification sieve is three-dimensional, and the classification area per unit area is increased and classification efficiency is increased as compared with the conventional one.

  The classifying device according to claim 1, comprising a first means, wherein a plurality of plate-like sieves are arranged in a step shape, and a classification surface is formed so as to move the classified product from the upper stage toward the lower stage, In the classification device that performs classification by vibrating the sieve, the section of the sieve has a substantially right-angled shape, and is composed of a step portion and a step portion, over the entire width from the step portion of the sieve to the tip of the step portion, Comb teeth along the moving direction and slits with desired classification width dimensions are alternately provided, a wide three-dimensional classification area can be secured, classification efficiency and classification speed can be increased, and the apparatus can be downsized. Can be achieved.

  The classifying device according to claim 2, comprising the second means, in the classifying device according to the first means, wherein the section of the sieve is formed in an arcuate shape, and the arcuate sieve is used. Also, the same effect as described above can be achieved.

  The classifying device according to claim 3, comprising the third means, in the classifying device according to the first means or the second means, between the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve and the step part of the screen immediately below. A gap having a predetermined height is provided in the opening, and an opening for discharging foreign matter is formed, so that the foreign matter is not blocked, and the maintenance cost of the classification device can be reduced and continuous operation can be performed for a long time.

  The classifying apparatus according to claim 4, comprising a fourth means, in the classifying apparatus according to any one of the first means to the third means, wherein the comb teeth of the sieve have two long and short teeth. It has every other piece, and the tip of the long tooth is installed in the vicinity of the step portion of the screen directly below, and an open part is formed between the short tooth and the step portion of the screen just below. Therefore, the blockage by the foreign matter does not occur, and the maintenance cost of the classification device can be reduced and the continuous operation can be performed for a long time.

  The classifying device according to claim 5, comprising a fifth means, in the classifying device according to any one of the first to fourth means, from the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve, However, even if the foreign matter is relatively long, the presence of the extended portion causes the foreign matter to lie on the stepped portion. It is possible to prevent the foreign matter from being caught on the surface, and the foreign matter is not blocked, so that the maintenance cost of the classification device can be reduced and the continuous operation can be performed for a long time.

  The classifying device according to claim 6, comprising a sixth means, in the classifying device according to the fifth means, wherein the extending portion of the screen of the immediately lower stage is inclined upward, and the extending portion On top of this, classified substances and foreign substances do not stay and smooth classification can be performed.

  The method for classifying incinerated ash according to claim 7 comprising the seventh means, wherein the cross-section is a substantially right-angled or arcuate shape, and a step is performed on a comb-shaped sieve having comb teeth and a slit having a desired classification width dimension. The incineration ash is conveyed to the classification surface formed side by side and the sieve is vibrated, so that the incineration ash is fall-classified from the slit of the sieve, and at the time of the fall classification, the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve The foreign matter is discharged from the gap between the screen immediately below and a three-dimensional wide area classification area can be secured, and the classification efficiency and classification speed can be improved. In addition, foreign matter blockage of the sieve can be prevented, maintenance costs can be reduced, and continuous operation can be performed for a long time.

  The classification sieve according to claim 8, comprising an eighth means, is a comb-shaped classification sieve having a cross section of a substantially right-angled shape or an arc shape, and alternately provided with comb teeth and slits having a desired classification width. In addition, the classification surface constituted by the present classification sieve has a three-dimensional shape, and the classification area per unit area is increased as compared with the conventional flat classification sieve, and a classification sieve with high classification efficiency can be provided.

  The classification device according to the present invention will be described based on Examples 1 to 5 shown in FIGS.

  1 is an explanatory side sectional view showing a classification device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing a part of the sieve 9 in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a view taken along arrows AA in FIG. FIG. 4 is a front view taken along the line BB in FIG. 2, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view of FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, the classification device 1 according to the present embodiment is arranged in a staircase shape (six steps) similarly to the classification surface 2 configured by the sieve 9 arranged in a staircase shape (six steps). 2 is a classifying device having a two-story structure, and the classifying slit width dimension of each sieve 9 constituting the classifying surface 2 (see dimension d in FIG. 4) is: The size is set to be larger than the classification slit width dimension of each sieve 8 constituting the lower classification surface 3.

  Thus, classified products such as incineration ash from the waste incinerator are introduced from the carry-in port 4 and classified by the classification surface 2, and then further classified by the classification surface 3 on the downstream floor side as a classified particle having a small particle size. , Stored in the outlet 6. The classified material that has not been classified by the classification surface 3 is accommodated in the outlet 7 through the path 12 as a classified particle having a medium particle size. The classified material that has not been classified by the classification surface 2 is stored in the take-out port 10 as a large particle size classified mass via the path 11. Each of the plurality of sieves 8 and 9 constituting the classification surfaces 2 and 3 is configured such that the whole is vibrated in the Z direction (45 degrees obliquely upward direction) by the vibration device 5. As the sieves 8 and 9 vibrate, the classified product is moved and conveyed from the upper stage to the lower stage of the sieves arranged in a staircase shape, and classified by each sieve in the carrying process. Reference numeral 5a denotes a rotation shaft of the vibration device 5, and 5b denotes an eccentric weight provided on the rotation shaft 5a. The vibration device may be a vibration device of another type.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the classification surface 2 includes a plurality of sieves (9-1, 9-2, 9-3, etc.) having a right-angle cross section arranged in a stepped manner. For example, as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5, the 9-1 sieve showing the first step has a step portion 9A and a step portion 9B, from the step portion 9A to the tip of the step portion 9B. The comb teeth 9a and the slits 9b are alternately provided along the moving direction of the classified product to form a so-called comb-tooth structure. Further, the slit 9b is slightly expanded toward the tip in order to prevent clogging, but the slit width d shown in FIG. 4 is set to a desired classification width. The width dimension e of the comb teeth 9a may be determined from the viewpoint of rigidity. In this embodiment, the width dimension e is set to the same dimension as the slit width d dimension.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 2, an open portion a having a height dimension b is provided between the tip of the step portion 9B of the screen 9-1 and the step portion 9A of the screen 9-2 immediately below. Yes. The height dimension b is substantially the same as the slit width d which is a desired classification width. In addition, from the tip of the stepped portion 9B of the screen 9-1, the base end of the stepped portion 9A of the screen 9-2 immediately below is provided with a c dimension and an extended portion 9d extending, and this c size is It is preferably 2 to 3 times the slit width d, which is the desired classification width. Reference numeral 14 denotes a foreign matter collection port for collecting foreign matter from the open portion a. In addition, the width direction of the sieve 9 is long, and in FIGS. 3 to 5, for convenience, a part of the width direction of the sieve is notched.

  Thus, the classified material introduced from the carry-in port 4 is provided from the step portion 9A of the sieve 9 to the tip portion of the step portion 9B in the process of moving the stepped classification surface 2 from the upper step toward the lower step. Classification is performed by the slits 9b. That is, a classification lump smaller than the width dimension d of the slit 9b passes through the slit 9b of the classification surface 2 and falls downward, is carried into the classification surface 3 of the next stage, and has a smaller particle size on the classification surface 3. And is stored in the outlet 6.

  In addition, since a large number of foreign matters in the classified material are present on the upstream side of the sieve, in this classifying device, the sieve on the upstream floor side is provided with an open portion a for discharging foreign matters at the full width in the sieve width direction as shown in FIG. 7 and the downstream side sieve shown in FIG. 7 is provided with an opening a for discharging foreign matter at every other width in the sieve width direction.

  In the apparatus of this example, the entire surface of the step portion 9A and the step portion 9B of the sieve 9 arranged in a step shape functions as the classification surface 3, which is a unit compared to the conventional flat classification surface. The classification area per area is increased, and the effect of improving the classification efficiency and the classification speed is achieved. As a result, the classification device can be reduced in size and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.

  FIG. 6 relates to the second embodiment of the present invention, and is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the sieve 8 of FIG. 1 in an enlarged manner, FIG. 7 is a front view along the line DD in FIG. 6, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of FIG. 6, and FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory diagrams for explaining the foreign matter removal state in FIG. 8.

  As shown in FIG. 6, the classification surface 3 includes a first stage sieve 8-1, a second stage sieve 8-2, a third stage sieve 8-3, etc., for a total of 6 stages. For example, the comb teeth of the step portion 9B of the sieve 8-1 are composed of two types of long and short teeth 8a and 8c. The tips of the long teeth 8a are provided in the vicinity of the sieve 8-2 in the immediate lower stage. An open portion a having a height dimension b is provided between the tip of the short tooth 8c and the stepped portion of the sieve 8-2 immediately below, and the height dimension b is a slit width which is a desired classification width. The dimensions are almost the same as d. The slit width d shown in FIG. 4 is set to a desired classification width. The width dimension e of the comb teeth 9a is set to the same dimension as the slit width d dimension.

  According to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9A, for example, when a foreign substance is mixed in the classified product and the foreign substance is in the shape of a nail 25, the nail 25 is guided to the slit 8b. The nail 25-1 is discharged from the opening a. In this case, as shown in FIG. 9 (b), when an extension portion having a width c is provided on the screen 8-2 in the immediately lower stage, the nail 25 is in a sleeping state, as shown in FIG. 9 (a). As in the state of the nail 25-2, it is possible to prevent the nail from being pulled over the base end of the sieve 8-2.

  FIG. 10 is a sectional view showing a third embodiment according to the present invention, and FIG. 11 is a perspective view of FIG. In the present embodiment, an opening a for discharging foreign matter is provided between the tip of the sieve 13-1 and the sieve 13-2 immediately below and in the next stage, and the f angle (30 degrees to (45 degrees) An extending portion 13d inclined upward is provided. Thus, if the extending part 13d which inclines upwards is provided, it becomes easy to discharge | emit the foreign material and classified material on the extending part 13d to the lower sieve direction at the time of the vibration of the sieve 13, and can prevent a stay. Moreover, the open part a is provided also between the sieve 13-2 and the sieve 13-3, and the open part is similarly installed between subsequent sieves. If the opening part a is provided in this way, the foreign matter mixed in the classified material is guided to the slit 13b, passes through the opening part a, gets over the extension part 13d, and falls below the sieve 13-2 and the like. Therefore, foreign matter can be collected.

  FIG. 12 is a perspective view showing Example 4 according to the present invention, in which the cross sections of the sieves 16-1 and 16-2 are formed in an arc shape, and each sieve has a step part 16A and a step part 16B. , Long teeth 16a, short teeth 16c, and slits 16d. Further, an open portion a for discharging foreign matter is provided between the short teeth 16c and the next stage sieve. When a sieve having an arcuate cross section is employed as in this embodiment, the elasticity is increased and the manufacturing cost of the sieve can be reduced.

  FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing Example 5 according to the present invention. The screen in Example 1 has a right-angle cross-sectional shape, whereas the cross-sectional angle h of screens 15-1 and 15-2 is 120 degrees. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment. According to the present embodiment, the classified product is smoothly conveyed on the sieve, and it is not necessary to perform bending work such as the extending portion 13d inclined upward shown in FIG. The cross-sectional angle of the sieve may be set in a range of about 120 degrees from a right angle as in this embodiment.

  Thus, when classifying the incinerator ash of the incinerator using the classification device and classification sieve described in Examples 1 to 5, the cross-section is substantially a right-angled shape or arc shape, comb teeth, and desired classification The incineration ash can be conveyed to the classification surface formed by arranging the comb-shaped sieves with slits of width dimensions in a stepped manner, and the sieves can be vibrated. By carrying out drop classification, classification of a desired classification particle size can be performed.

  According to this classification device and classification method, a three-dimensional wide area classification surface can be secured, the classification efficiency and classification speed can be improved, and the apparatus can be reduced in size and cost. Further, at the time of the fall classification, foreign matter can be discharged from the gap (opening portion a) between the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve and the screen directly below, and the foreign substance blockage of the sieve can be prevented. The maintenance cost can be reduced and long-term continuous operation (2 to 3 times that of conventional devices) can be achieved.

  In addition, since a large number of foreign matters in the classified product are present at the time of initial charging, that is, the upper stage side of the sieve, the upper stage side sieve is shown in Example 1, and the open portion a for discharging foreign substances to the full width in the sieve width direction is shown. And the lower screen may be a classification device including a screen provided with open portions a for discharging foreign matter every other one in the width direction of the screen shown in Example 2. Moreover, you may use combining the sieve structure of each said Example suitably. The classifying device according to the present invention is suitable for classifying incinerated ash, crushed sand, calcium carbonate, slaked lime, etc., and is a relatively medium-sized (5 to 50 mm diameter) classified product, It is suitable for classification of classified products that are expected to be mixed.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and can be appropriately modified as necessary. In addition, each component in the embodiment includes those that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art and those that are substantially the same.

It is side sectional explanatory drawing which shows the classification apparatus which concerns on Example 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of sieve 9 (Example 1) of FIG. It is a top view which follows the AA arrow of FIG. It is a front view which follows the BB arrow of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of FIG. 2. It is sectional drawing which expands and shows a part of sieve 8 (Example 2) of FIG. It is a front view which follows the DD arrow of FIG. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of FIG. 6. (A) (b) is an operation explanatory view explaining a foreign substance removal state in Drawing 8, respectively. It is sectional drawing which shows Example 3 which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows Example 4 which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows Example 5 which concerns on this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the conventional flat sieve. It is a side view which shows the conventional sieve.

Explanation of symbols

1 Classifying device 2, 3 Classifying surface 8, 9 Sieve 8A, 9A Step portion 8B, 9B Step portion 8a, 9a Comb teeth 8b, 9b Slit a Open portion

Claims (8)

  In a classification apparatus in which a plurality of plate-shaped sieves are arranged in a staircase and a classification surface is formed so as to move a classified product from an upper stage toward a lower stage, and classification is performed by vibrating the sieve. The cross section has a substantially right-angled shape, and is composed of a step portion and a step portion, spanning the entire width from the step portion of the sieve to the tip of the step portion, a comb tooth along the moving direction, and a slit having a desired classification width dimension, A classifying apparatus characterized by alternately providing the.   The classification device according to claim 1, wherein a cross section of the sieve is formed in an arc shape.   3. An open portion for discharging foreign matter is formed by providing a gap of a predetermined height between the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve and the step portion of the screen directly below. Classification device according to.   The comb teeth of the sieve have two long and short teeth every other length, and the tips of the long teeth are placed close to the steps of the lower screen, the short teeth and the steps of the lower screen The classification device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an open portion for discharging foreign matter is formed between the first portion and the second portion.   The classifying apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a step portion of the screen immediately below is extended by a predetermined length from the tip of the comb teeth of the screen.   The classifying apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the extending portion of the screen directly below is formed to be inclined upward.   The incinerated ash is conveyed to a classification surface formed by arranging stepped comb-shaped sieves having comb teeth and slits having a desired classification width dimension, and the cross-section is substantially a right-angled or arcuate shape. By vibrating, the incinerated ash having a desired classification diameter is dropped and classified from the slit of the sieve, and at the time of the fall classification, foreign matter is discharged from the gap between the tip of the comb teeth of the sieve and the sieve directly below. Classification method of incineration ash characterized by   A classification sieve having a comb-shaped classification sieve having a cross section of a substantially right-angled shape or an arc shape, and alternately provided with comb teeth and slits having a desired classification width.

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