JP2005350335A - Method and apparatus for producing carbon fine particles from biomass such as bagasse - Google Patents

Abstract

In particular, carbon fine particles capable of instantaneously generating carbon fine particles by effectively using oil obtained by heating biomass resources under predetermined pressure and temperature conditions and causing two types of combustion reactions. A manufacturing method and a manufacturing apparatus are provided.
SOLUTION: The production apparatus 1 of the present invention is an liquefaction in which unused biomass resources such as bagasse are charged and heated to 250 ° C. to 400 ° C. under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa to produce oil. Two kinds of mixtures having different mixing ratios of the apparatus 3 and the oil produced in the oil making apparatus 3 and the oxygen-containing gas are produced, both of the mixtures are blown, and one of the mixtures is caused to cause a complete combustion reaction to generate carbon dioxide. And a water-containing high-temperature mixed gas of 820 ° C. or more are generated, and the generated high-temperature mixed gas is used to cause an incomplete combustion reaction in the other mixture to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas. And a composite reaction chamber 4.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  In particular, the present invention makes effective use of oil obtained by heating unused biomass resources such as bagasse under predetermined pressure and temperature conditions, and instantly generates carbon particles by causing two types of combustion reactions. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing carbon fine particles.

Conventionally, as described in Patent Document 1, a method for producing carbon fine particles includes applying a voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode containing a carbon material as a main component to generate an arc discharge. And carbon fine particles were manufactured.
JP 2002-220215 A

  However, since the method for producing carbon fine particles described in Patent Document 1 generates arc discharge, there is a problem that the power consumption is large and the production cost of the carbon fine particles is high.

  The object of the present invention is to effectively utilize oil obtained by heating unused biomass resources such as bagasse under predetermined pressure and temperature conditions, and instantly generate carbon fine particles by causing two types of combustion reactions. An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for producing carbon fine particles that can be produced.

  In order to achieve the above object, the carbon fine particle production apparatus of the present invention is charged with an unused biomass resource such as bagasse and heated to over 250 ° C. and 400 ° C. under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa. And two types of mixtures with different mixing ratios of the oil and the oxygen-containing gas generated in this oil generator, and both the mixtures are blown to cause one mixture to cause a complete combustion reaction. To generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or more, and using this generated high-temperature mixed gas, an incomplete combustion reaction is caused in the other mixture to instantly generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas. And a composite reaction chamber to be generated.

  In the present invention, instead of the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber, a single combined reaction chamber is used, and both mixtures are blown into the combined reaction chamber to cause one of the mixtures to undergo a complete combustion reaction. To generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or more, and using this generated high-temperature mixed gas, an incomplete combustion reaction is caused in the other mixture to instantly generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas. May be generated.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to integrally provide a high-temperature heating device for heating the other mixture to a high temperature of 3000 ° C. or higher at the supply port of the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber.

  Furthermore, it is more preferable to use hydrogen gas generated in the second reaction chamber or the combined reaction chamber as a raw material for the hydrogen fuel cell.

  In addition, the carbon fine particles generated in the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber are specifically carbon black or nanocarbon.

  Moreover, the method for producing carbon fine particles of the present invention comprises charging unused oil resources such as bagasse into an liquefier and heating the oil to over 250 ° C. and 400 ° C. under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa. Two kinds of mixtures produced with different mixing ratios of the produced oil and the oxygen-containing gas are produced, one of the mixtures is caused to undergo a complete combustion reaction, and a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher. And the other high-temperature mixture gas is used to cause an incomplete combustion reaction in the other mixture to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas.

  The complete combustion reaction and the incomplete combustion reaction may be generated in separate reaction chambers or in the same reaction chamber.

  Furthermore, the oxygen-containing gas is preferably pure oxygen or air enriched with oxygen.

  According to the present invention, in particular, oil obtained by heating unused biomass resources such as bagasse under predetermined pressure and temperature conditions is effectively used, and carbon fine particles are instantaneously generated by causing two types of combustion reactions. It has become possible to provide a method and apparatus for producing carbon fine particles that can be produced.

An apparatus for producing fine carbon particles according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a typical manufacturing apparatus of the present invention.

  A carbon fine particle production apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a biomass receiving tank 2 for storing and storing biomass resources, and a biomass resource charged from the biomass receiving tank 2 at 250 ° C. under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa. Two types of mixtures are produced in which the mixing ratio of the oil and the oxygen-containing gas generated in the oil generator 3 and the oil generator 3 that generates oil by heating to above 400 ° C. is increased, and one of the mixtures is blown into the mixture. And a composite reaction chamber 4 for instantaneously generating carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by injecting the other mixture to which the generated high-temperature mixed gas is added and generating an incomplete combustion reaction. It has.

  In addition, instead of the composite reaction chamber 4, a first reaction chamber (not shown) that blows one mixture to generate a complete combustion reaction and generates a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher. And providing a second reaction chamber (not shown) for instantaneously generating carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by blowing in the other mixture to which the generated high-temperature mixed gas is added to cause an incomplete combustion reaction. You can also.

One mixture introduced into the first reaction chamber generates a high-temperature gas of 820 ° C. or higher by causing a complete combustion reaction, that is, a reaction of CH ₄ + 2O ₂ → CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O, so For example, when the oil is methanol, the mixing ratio of the oil and oxygen is preferably 2: 1 in terms of molar ratio.

Further, in the second reaction chamber, the other mixture introduced by adding the high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor generated in the first reaction chamber is an incomplete combustion reaction, that is, 6CH ₄ + 7CO ₂ + O ₂ → 10CO + 10H ₂ + 2CO ₂ + 2H ₂ O + C and / or 7CH ₄ + 8O ₂ → 5CO + 5H ₂ + CO ₂ + 9H ₂ O + C is generated to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles (C) and hydrogen gas (H ₂ ). The mixing ratio of oil and oxygen in the mixture is, for example, when the oil is methanol, the molar ratio is 1: 1 in the former reaction, and the molar ratio is 2: 1 in the latter case. Is preferred.

  The atmosphere in the second reaction chamber 8 is preferably in the range of 0 kPa (normal pressure) to 50 kPa, 1300 to 2500 ° C., and optimally 29 kPa to 2000 ° C., in order to obtain carbon fine particles in a high yield.

  In the present invention, carbon fine particles can be obtained instantaneously (specifically, 1/100 second to 1/500 second) from the oil supplied into the second reaction chamber by using the apparatus having the above configuration.

  When the composite reaction chamber 4 is used, the complete combustion reaction that occurs in the first reaction chamber and the incomplete combustion reaction that occurs in the second reaction chamber are simultaneously generated in the composite reaction chamber 4.

  In the present invention, carbon fine particles can be obtained instantaneously (specifically, 1/100 second to 1/500 second) in the composite reaction chamber 4 or the second reaction chamber by using the apparatus having the above configuration.

  Further, in FIG. 1, for example, a plasma apparatus for heating the oil constituting the other mixture charged as a raw material to a high temperature of 3000 ° C. or higher, preferably 3000 to 5000 ° C. immediately before mixing with the oxygen-containing gas. The case where the heating apparatus 5 like this is provided is shown. Thus, by heating the oil which comprises the other mixture to high temperature previously, the carbon fine particle produced | generated after that turns into a hard particle, It is especially suitable to use for the material which requires abrasion resistance.

  Although the heating device 5 is shown in FIG. 1 as a separate device separated from the composite reaction chamber 4, the heating device 5 is provided integrally with the supply port of the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber 4. Also good.

  Moreover, the introduction of oil into the composite reaction chamber 4 can be provided at a plurality of locations as required, as shown in FIG.

  In addition, FIG. 1 shows a case where a cooling chamber 6 for cooling the discharged hydrogen gas and carbon fine particles is provided at the discharge port of the composite reaction chamber 4. What is necessary is just to provide.

  And the hydrogen gas produced | generated in the 2nd reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber 4 can be used as a raw material of a hydrogen fuel cell, According to this, biomass resources can be used effectively.

  The carbon fine particles generated in the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber 4 are specifically carbon black or nanocarbon, and the carbon black can be used for tires, inks, paints, etc. Nanocarbons such as carbon nanotubes can be used in fields such as electronics, medicine, cosmetics, and batteries.

Next, an example of the method for producing carbon fine particles according to the present invention (in the case of FIG. 1) will be described.
First, biomass resources are charged into an oil making apparatus and heated to over 250 ° C. and 400 ° C. or less under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa to produce oil.

  Next, two types of mixtures having different mixing ratios of the generated oil and the oxygen-containing gas are produced.

  Thereafter, both the mixtures were charged into the composite reaction chamber 4 to cause a complete combustion reaction of one of the mixtures to generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher. What is necessary is just to produce an incomplete combustion reaction of the other mixture using a high temperature mixed gas, to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas, and to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas.

  The incomplete combustion reaction is a metal or alloy powder such as iron or cobalt having a particle diameter of 5 mm or less, preferably 1 to 5 nm or less, and optimally 2 nm, in addition to the other mixed gas to which the high temperature mixed gas is added. For example, it is preferable to add a cobalt-iron alloy or pentacarbonyliron powder as a catalyst in order to accelerate the reaction.

  When carbon fine particles were produced using the production apparatus of the present invention (FIG. 1), 180 kg of carbon fine particles (carbon black having a particle size of 18 to 300 nm) could be produced from 1 ton of biomass resource (raw material). Since biomass resources such as waste are used as raw materials, raw material costs are not incurred, and thus manufacturing costs are low.

  On the other hand, when carbon fine particles were produced using a conventional production apparatus using arc discharge, 150 kg of carbon fine particles (particle size: carbon black having a particle size of 18 to 300 nm) was obtained for 1 ton of petrochemical fuel. I was able to manufacture it. However, since a petrochemical fuel such as petroleum is used as a raw material, the raw material cost becomes expensive, and accordingly, the manufacturing cost also becomes expensive.

  The above description is merely an example of the embodiment of the present invention, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the claims.

  According to the present invention, in particular, oil obtained by heating unused biomass resources such as bagasse under predetermined pressure and temperature conditions is effectively used, and carbon fine particles are instantaneously generated by causing two types of combustion reactions. It has become possible to provide a method and apparatus for producing carbon fine particles that can be produced.

  It is a flowchart of the manufacturing apparatus of the carbon fine particle according to this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbon fine particle manufacturing apparatus 2 Biomass receiving tank 3 Oilification apparatus 4 Compound reaction chamber 5 High temperature heating apparatus (or plasma apparatus)
6 Cooling room

Claims (9)

  An oil generator for charging oil to produce oil by charging unused biomass resources such as bagasse and heating to 250 ° C. to 400 ° C. under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa, and oil generated by the oil generator, First, two types of mixtures having different mixing ratios with the oxygen-containing gas are produced, and one of the mixtures is blown to cause a complete combustion reaction to generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher. A reaction chamber, and a second reaction chamber that instantaneously generates carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas by injecting the other mixture using the generated high-temperature mixed gas to cause an incomplete combustion reaction. An apparatus for producing carbon fine particles characterized by   An oil generator for charging oil to produce oil by charging unused biomass resources such as bagasse and heating to 250 ° C. to 400 ° C. under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa, and oil generated by the oil generator, Two types of mixtures with different mixing ratios with oxygen-containing gas are produced, and both mixtures are blown to cause a complete combustion reaction of one of the mixtures to produce a high-temperature mixed gas of 820 ° C or higher containing carbon dioxide and water vapor. And a composite reaction chamber that uses the generated high-temperature mixed gas to cause an incomplete combustion reaction in the other mixture to instantaneously generate carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas. Fine particle production equipment.   The apparatus for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a high-temperature heating device for integrally heating the other mixture to a high temperature of 3000 ° C or higher is provided at the supply port of the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber.   The apparatus for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein hydrogen gas generated in the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber is used as a raw material of the hydrogen fuel cell.   4. The apparatus for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 1, wherein the carbon fine particles generated in the second reaction chamber or the composite reaction chamber are carbon black or nanocarbon.   Unused biomass resources, such as bagasse, are charged into the liquefaction apparatus and heated to over 250 ° C. and 400 ° C. or less under a pressure atmosphere of 0.01 to 22.1 MPa to produce oil, and the generated oil and oxygen-containing gas Two types of mixtures having different mixing ratios are produced, and one of the mixtures is caused to undergo a complete combustion reaction to generate a high-temperature mixed gas containing carbon dioxide and water vapor at 820 ° C. or higher. A method for producing carbon fine particles, characterized in that an incomplete combustion reaction is caused in the other mixture to produce carbon fine particles and hydrogen gas instantaneously.   The method for producing fine carbon particles according to claim 6, wherein the complete combustion reaction and the incomplete combustion reaction are caused in separate reaction chambers.   The method for producing carbon fine particles according to claim 6, wherein the complete combustion reaction and the incomplete combustion reaction are caused in the same reaction chamber.   9. The method for producing fine carbon particles according to claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein the oxygen-containing gas is pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air.

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