JP2005301867A - Evaluation device for environmental load, evaluation method for environmental load, and evaluation program for environmental load - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an environmental evaluation method and an environmental evaluation device, capable of performing environmental load amount calculation in a recycling stage even when a target product has an independent recycling form, when performing environmental load evaluation of the product by use of an industrial relation table. <P>SOLUTION: In the recycling stage, by designating the recycling form in each material constituting the product, an environmental load amount is found by use of discharge unit requirement calculated from the industrial relation table. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

  The present invention relates to an environmental load evaluation device, an environmental load evaluation method, and an environmental load evaluation program in a product life cycle.

  In recent years, attention to global environmental issues has increased socially, and not only environmental considerations caused by production activities in factories, but also reductions in the environmental impact of products themselves are required. Thus, life cycle assessment (hereinafter referred to as LCA) has attracted attention. LCA is to grasp and evaluate the environmental impact of products through the product life cycle (procurement, manufacture, distribution, use, disposal and recycling of raw materials).

  There are two known LCA methods: a stacking method that calculates and aggregates environmental load intensity at each stage of the life cycle, and an input-output analysis method that calculates environmental load intensity using an input-output table.

In the stacking method, the environmental load is calculated for each component of the product. However, the raw materials are traced back to the source for all parts, and after clarifying the steps (processes) of tens of thousands of steps, the inputs / outputs at each step are further investigated, and typical environmental pollutants are identified. It is difficult to pick up each emission amount of CO ₂ , SO _x , NO _x, etc. and determine the environmental load from the sum.

  On the other hand, processes that are uniquely determined by input-output analysis methods (for example, truck transportation at the distribution stage, input energy at the disposal stage, etc.) are modeled (standardized and generalized), and various processes that cannot be uniquely determined. The raw materials, parts, input energy, etc. are not traced back to the source, but the emissions of environmental load factors are obtained using emission unit values obtained from reliable data (input-output table).

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a processing method and an evaluation device that acquire information such as input coefficients based on statistical data (an input-output table) prepared in advance and calculate an environmental load based on a predetermined model. ing.

However, especially when calculating the environmental load unit at the disposal and recycling stage, depending on the target product, it may have a recycling form different from the industry to which the product belongs. For this reason, it has been difficult to calculate the environmental load unit of products using recycled materials.
JP 10-57936 A

  In order to evaluate the impact of a product on the environment, first, the product life cycle is divided into stages as shown by 1 to 6 in FIG. 1, and the form of environmental load that the product has on the environment at each stage. And evaluate the impact of the product on the environment throughout the life cycle by integrating the results as environmental impacts.

  The life cycle of a product is stage 1 (raw material), which is a stage for procuring parts or materials, stage 2 (manufacturing), which is a stage for manufacturing a product, stage 3 is a stage for distribution, and stage 4 is a stage for user use. (Use), stage 5 (disposal) in which the life of the product is finished and discarded, and stage 6 (recycling) in which a part of the discarded product is recycled can be divided.

  In the LCA method, the above-described life stage is divided into more detailed processes from the viewpoint of environmental impact assessment, and an environmental load calculation formula is constructed as a standard model for determining the environmental load in each life stage, and the amount of environmental load is calculated. The environmental load calculation formula in each life stage calculates the environmental load by substituting individual values determined for each component and material of the product.

The individual value determined for each material that constitutes a product is the emission intensity determined from the input-output table. The input-output table is statistical data issued every five years by the General Affairs Agency, and is a matrix-type table showing the relationship between supply and demand (demand and supply) between industrial sectors in a country. Using this input-output table, for example, to make 1 g of steel, the supply amount of “machine ○ yen” “oil x yen” can be calculated backward. The calculated result covers the ripple effect of the domestic economy, and as a result, the source flow of the material flow (material flow) starting from the mining or production of raw materials goes back as much as possible. In addition, the emission basic unit is an emission amount of factors (CO ₂ , SO _x , NO _x, etc.) that exert an environmental load per unit of input material. That is, it is defined as the amount of discharge of environmental load factor per [g] for metal and plastic, [m ² ] for paper, and [kwh] for electric power.

By multiplying this emission basic unit by the amount of material constituting the product (usage amount), the environmental impact emission amount (environmental load amount) can be calculated. Therefore, if this emission unit is determined in advance for each of various materials, the amount of emissions [g] of environmental load factors (CO ₂ , SO _x , NO _x ) from the amount of each material used ([g], etc.). Can be used as a conversion factor that can be converted.

  For example, when calculating the environmental load at the disposal stage (5) and the recycling stage (6) for a certain home appliance, first, more detailed processes of the disposal stage (5) and the recycling stage (6) are performed. Decide. In general, discarded home appliances are collected by the collector and transported to the dismantling / separation process. The transported home appliances are dismantled, and can be recycled (recycled materials) and non-recyclable materials (non-recycled materials). It is separated into. Furthermore, after transporting recycled materials to a recycling facility, they are recycled into raw materials, and non-recycled materials are discarded (detoxified and landfilled).

  The flow of products related to the disposal and recycling process of these household electrical appliances can be modeled using the disposal statistics of household electrical appliances in government-designated cities. The energy consumption related to the work of each process can be obtained from the model flow based on the disposal statistics, and each emission related to the operating energy can also be calculated. For example, the environmental load here is caused by the fuel consumption and exhaust of the truck transportation means and the amount of energy required for each treatment.

  The reason for considering the recycling stage in the product life cycle is that the use of the recycled material as a raw material again in the raw material procurement stage (1) is evaluated as a reduction amount of the environmental load. Therefore, in order to reflect the recycling stage in the environmental impact assessment, the amount used in the procurement stage (1) of raw materials is multiplied by the recycling rate of recycled materials, the recycling rate, and the emission intensity for each material. Find the load of the factor and add it to the environmental impact of the entire product.

  Here, there are two types of recycling: cascade recycling, which is used as a lower-grade material than the material constituting the product, and horizontal recycling, which is recycled as a product material of the same quality as the product used. There is. The form of recycling may vary depending on the target product. In other words, when calculating the environmental impact due to recycling, as described above, the basic unit of load based on the input-output table is used, but the form of recycling of the industry to which the target product belongs and the form of product recycling estimated from the input-output table May be different.

  When calculating the environmental impact in line with the product's recycling format, the most accurate calculation of the environmental impact is achieved by investigating and reflecting the actual data from the production stage to the disposal stage (5) and the recycling stage (6). However, there is a huge amount of individual data for each product, which requires a huge amount of time and labor. In addition, it is difficult to estimate the environmental burden due to the difference in the recycling process of new products.

  The present invention has been made to solve such problems, and an environmental load evaluation device, an environmental load evaluation method, and an environmental load evaluation program that can easily perform LCA analysis in the recycling stage of a product life cycle. Can be provided.

  The environmental impact evaluation device according to the present invention is an evaluation device for evaluating the environmental impact at the stage of product disposal / recycling, and whether the material constituting the product is recyclable or not to specify whether the material should be recycled or discarded. A first calculating unit that obtains an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be recycled specified by the recyclability specifying unit; and the environment obtained by the first calculating unit. And a first integration means for integrating a load for all the materials to be recycled.

  Further, it is preferable that the recyclability specifying means has means for displaying a list of materials constituting the products stored in advance.

  Also, an evaluation device for evaluating the environmental load at the product recycling stage, the recycling form specifying means for specifying whether the material constituting the product should be horizontally recycled or cascaded, and the recycling form designation A second calculating means for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be horizontally recycled designated by the means, and a material for the cascade recycling designated by the recycling form designating means previously stored. A third means for obtaining an environmental load using the predetermined coefficient, and a second integration means for integrating the environmental load obtained by the second means and the third means for all materials to be recycled. It is preferable to have.

  Moreover, it is preferable that the said recycling form designation | designated means has a means to designate the material by which this material is substituted about the said material which should be cascade-recycled.

  The horizontal recycle material designated by the recycle form designating means preferably further comprises loop designating means for designating whether to perform closed loop recycling or open loop recycling.

  Further, it is preferable that the second calculation unit uses different coefficients for the closed loop recycle and the open loop recycle specified by the loop specifying unit.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to further include a fourth calculation means for obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated by the recyclability designation means.

  Furthermore, it is preferable to further include a fourth calculation means for obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated by the recyclability designation means.

  In addition, it is preferable to use an input-output table stored in advance as the predetermined coefficient.

  The environmental load evaluation method according to the present invention is a method for evaluating the environmental load at the stage of product disposal and recycling, and a recyclability designation step for designating whether the material constituting the product is a material to be recycled or a material to be discarded. And a first environmental load calculating step for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be recycled designated in the recyclability designation step, and the environmental load obtained in the recyclability designation step And a first integration step for integrating all of the materials to be recycled.

  The environmental load evaluation method according to the present invention is a method for evaluating the environmental load at the recycling stage of a product, and a recycling form for designating whether a material constituting the product is a material to be horizontally recycled or a material to be cascade-recycled. Designation step, second environmental load calculation step for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be horizontally recycled designated in the recycling form designation step, and designation in the recycling form designation step A third environmental load calculation step for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be cascade-recycled, and the environmental load obtained in the second and third environmental load calculation steps. And a second integration step for integrating all of the recycled materials. To.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the method further includes a fourth calculation step for obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated in the recyclability designation step.

  Furthermore, it is preferable that the method further includes a fourth calculation step for obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated in the recyclability designation step.

  The environmental impact evaluation program according to the present invention is a program for evaluating the environmental impact of a product disposal / recycling stage, and designates whether or not the material constituting the product can be recycled by designating whether it should be recycled or discarded. Specifying the first environmental load for determining the environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be recycled specified in the process and the process for specifying the recyclability, and specifying the recyclability And causing the computer to execute a first process for integrating all of the recycled materials with the environmental load determined by the command to be executed.

  The environmental impact evaluation program according to the present invention is a program for evaluating the environmental impact at the product recycling stage, and designates the recycling form of the material constituting the product, which should be horizontal or cascade recycled. A process for designating a recycle form, a process for obtaining a second environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for a material to be horizontally recycled designated in the process for designating the recycle form, and the recycle form A third environmental load calculation process for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be cascade-recycled designated by the process for designating the second and third environmental loads. The environmental load obtained by processing is integrated for all the recycled materials. Characterized in that to execute the process and to the computer.

  Further, it is preferable to cause the computer to execute a process for obtaining a fourth environmental load for the material to be discarded designated in the process for designating whether or not recycling is possible.

  Further, it is preferable to cause the computer to execute a process for obtaining a fourth environmental load for the material to be discarded designated in the process for designating whether or not recycling is possible.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide an environmental load evaluation apparatus, an environmental load evaluation method, and an environmental load evaluation program that can easily perform LCA analysis in the recycling stage of a product life cycle.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of an environmental load evaluation device that realizes the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Outline of environmental impact assessment equipment)
FIG. 2 shows an outline of the processing procedure of the environmental load evaluation apparatus according to the present embodiment.

  When performing the LCA analysis, the product life cycle may be divided into stages as shown in FIG. 1, but in order to explain the embodiment, the product life cycle is shown in FIG. ). The environmental impact assessment device evaluates the environmental impact of the product at each stage and evaluates the environmental impact of this product on the environment throughout the life cycle by integrating the results of each stage. .

  That is, in this device, the life cycle of the product is discarded after the raw material procurement stage (S1), the manufacturing stage (S2), the distribution stage (S3), the stage used by the user (S4), and the life of the product. Then, it is divided into a stage (S5) for recycling the discarded products.

  Each stage is analyzed into detailed processes from the viewpoint of environmental load, and each stage is modeled based on the result, and an environmental load calculation formula is established as a standard model for determining the load on the environment. An individual value (emission unit) determined for each component part or material of the product is substituted into this environmental load calculation formula to determine the environmental load of the target product.

  Here, the emission intensity obtained from the input-output table etc. issued every 5 years by the General Affairs Agency is used as the emission intensity. Once the amount of environmental load at each stage is obtained, the environmental load of the entire life cycle of this product can be evaluated based on the total emission of environmental load factors at each stage.

The environmental load calculation for each stage (stage) is performed by substituting the used material or the discharged material into the environmental load calculation formula and applying the above-mentioned emission basic unit, so that CO ₂ (carbon dioxide) and SO _x as environmental load factors are applied. (Sulfur oxide), NO _x (nitrogen oxide), and other emissions are calculated.

  Hereinafter, each stage, that is, [1] raw material procurement stage (S1), [2] production stage (S2), [3] distribution stage (S3), [4] use stage (S4), [5] disposal stage and The concept and calculation method will be described step by step for each recycling stage (S5).

 As the data used, for example, the data of the “Input-Output Table” is used, but as other various statistical data, it is also possible to use the Annual Report on Energy Production / Supply / Statistics, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry It is.

CO ₂ emissions can cover the origin of CO ₂ (with a molecular weight of 44) by determining how much fossil fuel was supplied to make the raw material (eg, iron). That is, the amount of use of 6 fuel types (coal, crude oil, natural gas, petroleum product, coal product, city gas) is obtained and multiplied by the carbon content of each fuel, and the carbon content (molecular weight is 12) is all used for combustion. The amount of CO ₂ can be calculated by assuming that the molecular weight is 44/12.

[1] Raw material procurement stage (S1)
FIG. 3 shows an example of the environmental load calculation formula in the material procurement stage.

  In this format, material classification is described in the column direction, and names of component parts (part name 1, part name 2...) Are input in the row direction. In the blank, the usage amount for each corresponding material is input for each part described above.

The total usage amount of each material used is displayed on the right side of the component column, and by multiplying it with the emission intensity stored in the right column, environmental load factors (CO ₂ , SO _{x for} each material) are displayed. , NO _x ) emissions are required. These usage amounts can also be used to calculate the environmental load at each stage described later.

In addition, the emission unit for each material is determined as follows. That is, from the above input-output table, for each material, six types of fossil fuels (coal, crude oil, natural gas, petroleum products, coal products) that are sources of environmental load factors (CO ₂ , SO _x , NO _x, etc.) Determine the amount of city gas used. Next, the inverse matrix calculation of the input-output table for the six types of fossil fuels is performed, and the total amount of CO ₂ (environmental load factor) emitted by the above six types is obtained. The amount of the CO ₂ becomes the emission intensity of CO ₂ per the material one unit.

Other environmental load factors such as SO _x and NO _x emission basic units can be obtained using the CO ₂ emission basic units already obtained. That is, the SO _x and NO _x basic units of each of the six fuel types are quoted from the statistical data, and the sum of the above-mentioned six fuel types of CO ₂ emission basic units multiplied by SO _x / CO ₂ and NO _x / CO _2. However, this is the emission basic unit of SO _x and NO _x .

[2] Manufacturing stage (S2)
FIG. 4 shows a calculation format at the manufacturing stage. Inputs various types of energy such as electricity, gas, water, etc., and materials used for secondary materials, etc. that are input per product to be analyzed in the manufacturing stage. If it is difficult to specify the amount of input per product to be analyzed, the actual problem is that production energy and production cost are in a proportional relationship. On the other hand, the amount divided by the ratio of the shipment amount of one analysis target product to the total shipment amount is set as the input amount per one product. The materials used such as various kinds of energy and auxiliary materials can be similarly calculated and used as the amount of input energy when calculating the environmental load.

  The emission intensity for manufacturing energy is calculated by inverse matrix calculation using an input-output table as in [1] Raw material procurement stage.

[3] Distribution stage (S3)
FIG. 5 shows a calculation format at the distribution stage. Emission sources related to distribution are considered to come from transportation truck fuel (light oil). In the case of home appliances, 10 [t] trucks are sent directly from the factory to sales bases nationwide, and 2 [t] trucks are transported from the sales bases to each retail store. Therefore, the number of loaded products is input for products whose packing volume or number of loaded analysis target products is fixed, and distributed per analysis target product.

  The average transportation distance from the factory to the sales base is multiplied by the distribution ratio of all the bases to the distance to each dealer, and the total of all bases is introduced. In addition, since it is difficult to specify the transport distance from the base to the retail store, it is assumed that the average is 20 [km].

The above calculated value is used as the average transport distance of home appliances, and the product of CO ₂ , SO _x , NO _x emissions per unit total distance [km] of the truck is multiplied by the distribution stage emissions. The emission intensity is calculated from statistical data.

[4] Use stage (S4)
FIG. 6 shows a calculation format at the use stage. For the input materials and energy such as electricity, water, paper, etc. that occur in the use stage of the product, the usage amount and usage frequency per product and the average life of the product are input, and the total usage amount in the life cycle is calculated.

  The emission intensity is calculated by inverse matrix calculation using the input-output table as in [1].

[5] Disposal and recycling stage (S5)
FIG. 7 shows a calculation format at the disposal stage, and FIG. 8 shows a calculation format at the recycling stage. For example, if the product to be analyzed is a certain type of home appliance, a model flow is established from the disposal statistics of home appliances in a government-designated city at the disposal and recycling stage of the home appliance. From the model flow based on this disposal statistic, each emission related to operating energy is calculated.

  FIG. 9 shows the model flow and calculation conditions of the disposal and recycling process in this embodiment.

  First, the discarded household electrical appliance is collected by a collector and transported to the intermediate processing step (91) by the transport means (93). The discharge of environmental load factors in the transportation process is derived from the fuel consumption and exhaust of the truck transportation means. In the intermediate processing step (91), the product is separated into materials that can be decomposed and recycled (recycled materials) and materials that cannot be recycled (non-recycled materials). The discharge of environmental load factors in this process is the amount of energy required for processing.

  Recycled materials include iron, copper, aluminum, and the like, and these are transported to the recycling process (92) by the transport means (94). Consider the discharge of environmental load factors caused by the transportation means. In the recycling process (92), considering the rate at which the recycled material is used again as the raw material of the product, that is, the reduction rate, the recycled material has an environmental load factor in the raw material procurement stage (S1). Since it contributes to the direction of reduction, it is expressed as minus here.

Further, the non-recycled material is transported to the final disposal process by the transport means (95), and the environmental load factor discharged when the non-recycled material is discarded is calculated according to the format shown in FIG. 7 as a positive factor for the environmental load amount. .
(Characteristics of environmental impact assessment equipment)
The present embodiment is characterized in that the recycling mode in the LCA method is set in detail. The detailed process of the disposal and recycling stage (S5) will be described below.

  FIG. 10 shows a functional configuration example of the input unit (1001) of the environmental load evaluation apparatus. As shown in FIG. 10, the input unit (1001) has input units (1001a to 1001e) corresponding to the five life stages in the product life cycle as shown in FIG. In FIG. 10, reference numeral 1001 denotes an input unit of the environment evaluation apparatus, 1002 denotes a processing unit, 1003 denotes an output unit, and 1004 denotes a storage device. The input unit 1001 is for inputting necessary information, and the processing unit 1002 has an environmental load arithmetic expression modeled for each life stage. This environmental load operator has a function of calculating an environmental load amount by using emission intensity obtained from an input-output table. Also, it has a function of holding information necessary for the calculation input by the input unit 1001, for example, a function of graphing the calculated information.

  Further, the processing unit 1002 outputs various screens such as an embedded input operation screen of necessary items, an editing screen, and a menu screen that support the input of information necessary for calculating the environmental load so that the operator can easily perform the input. It has functions such as outputting to and displaying on.

  The output unit 1003 displays various screens associated with the processing of the processing unit 1002, and generally corresponds to a display. The output unit 1003 may be a hard copy output device such as a printer, or may be configured with both. The storage device 1004 is a large-capacity storage device such as a hard disk for storing necessary information and processing results.

  The present embodiment is characterized in that the disposal and recycling life stages are handled in conjunction, and the disposal and recycling life stages are handled as a series of processes.

  The disposal / recycling stage input unit (1001e) allows the operator of this apparatus to input the parts and materials of the waste product and input the recycling form, input the detoxification / landfill processing site, and input the recycling processing site. This is an input unit for the disposal stage and the recycling stage (S5) in FIG. The details are shown in FIG.

  The disposal / recycling stage input unit (1001e) mainly includes a dismantling / separation processing setting box (1101), a detoxification / landfill processing setting box (1104), and a material recycling process that is a material recycling process. , A setting box (1102) and an alternative material designation box (1103).

  The setting box (1101) for dismantling / sorting waste products displays an interface as shown in FIG. 12, and a temporary collection place (1201) for waste products, dismantling / sorting place (1202), their This is for selecting the transportation means to the place (1203, 1204), specifying the input energy setting box (1205), and the discharge part setting box (1206). Temporary accumulation location (1201), dismantling / sorting location (1202) input, selection of transportation means to those locations (1203, 1204), place name (geographic information) entered by operator or transportation means stored in storage device Is done. This may be selected by the operator based on geographical information and transportation means prepared in advance. Based on the input place name or transportation means, the processing unit (1002) calculates the distance between regions from disposal to dismantling and separation, energy used for transportation, and the like. These results are stored in the database of the storage device (1004) through the processing unit (1002). Similarly, the input energy setting (1205) is selected from the database of the storage device (1004) according to the operation of the operator, and the energy generated by the dismantling / sorting of the product and the used materials are selected and stored in the database.

  The discharge part setting box (1206) is used to allow the operator to set the discharge amount of the parts constituting the product. The processing unit (1002) according to the operation of the operator, as shown in FIG. The names of discharged parts constituting the product are selected from the database and displayed in a list (1301), and the form of discharged material is selected from the database and displayed (1302).

  Further, the individual correspondence between the parts constituting the product and the form discarded as the material is selected by the operator, and based on this, the material is further classified into the material to be recycled (recycled material) and the material to be discarded. These lists are stored in the database by the processing unit (1002).

  In the setting of recycling materialization processing (1102), an interface as shown in FIG. 14 is displayed for each material shown in FIG. 13, and the location of the materialization processing site (1401) by the operator's operation is displayed. This is for selecting the transportation means (1403), the input energy setting box (1405), and the discharge part setting box (1405). The location of the materialization processing site (1401), the selection of transportation means to the place (1403), the place name (geographic information) input by the operator, or the transportation means are stored in the storage device (1004). This may be selected by the operator based on geographical information and transportation means prepared in advance. Based on the input place name or transportation means, the processing unit (1002) calculates the distance between regions from the dismantling / sorting place to the materialization processing place, energy used for transportation, and the like. These results are stored in the database of the storage device (1004) through the processing unit (1002). Similarly, the input energy setting (1405) is selected from the database of the storage device (1004) according to the operation of the operator, and the energy generated by materialization and the used material are selected and stored in the database.

  For example, if the part a is made of iron and plastic (polyethylene: PE, polystyrene: PS, polyethylene terephthalate: PET, etc.) and they are crushed and separated, an arrow (1303) as shown in FIG. Can be tied. The processing unit (1002) stores the amount of the component a (1304) from the composition data of the component a with reference to the type and amount of the material constituting the product input in the raw material procurement stage, which is stored in the database. Is estimated. These amounts can be changed by the operator, and the distinction between the recycled material of the discharged material and the material to be discarded can be changed individually.

  FIG. 15 is displayed on the input unit by selecting the substitute material designation box (1103) in FIG. 11, but the processing unit (1002) temporarily stores the material designated in the setting of the recycling material conversion process. The operator inputs the recycling form of the material to be recycled by referring to the database.

  An alternative material refers to the raw material of this product when the recycled material becomes the material of another product by recycling. There are two methods of recycling as a material for another product: horizontal recycling (1501) in which the product can be used for a product of the same type as the product currently used, and the product currently used. There is a method called Cascade Recycle (1502), which is recycled for use in another type of product, although it is different from the quality of the product.

  For example, when the alternative material is recycled to the raw material of the product equivalent to the product currently used, since it is horizontal recycling, 100% is input to the horizontal recycling in FIG. Moreover, since it is cascade recycling when used for another kind of product, 100% is input to cascade recycling. When 100% is input to one recycling method, the processing unit sets the other recycling method to 0%, and stores a list of materials corresponding to each recycling method in a database.

  Furthermore, designation of alternative materials for each material and designation of the number of times of recycling are performed separately for horizontal recycling and cascade recycling. When the operator selects the horizontal recycling box (1501), the processing unit (1002) displays a list of materials in the form of horizontal recycling stored in the database on the input unit as shown in FIG. FIG. 16 shows a format for inputting the number of recycling times of the recycled material for the product or product group.

  The data on the number of times of recycling corresponding to each material shown in the list of materials is displayed on the input unit with reference to the recycling data calculated from the input-output table by the processing unit (1002). These are the average number of times the relevant material is recycled and used, and some materials have their own recycling process depending on the recycled material, so the values referred to by the operator from the input-output table can be changed.

  Here, the state in which the material moves along the flow of industry or product use is called the material flow, and the state in which the material flow is circulated by recycling is the recycling loop. The flow is established, that is, the material constituting the target product is used only as the material constituting the product again, and the recycling loop is closed. Such a case of closed-loop recycling (closed-loop recycling) is called a complete recycling loop. For example, if the target product has its own recycling process and the recycled material is used for the same type of product, the operator may specify which material is in the complete recycling loop (fill in the box). it can. When the operator designates the recycled material as a complete recycling loop, the processing unit (1002) stores a list of materials having the complete recycling loop in the database.

  It is also possible to remove the designation of the complete recycling loop if the designated material is used as a recycling material in the general industry (incomplete recycling loop).

  In FIG. 15, when the operator designates the cascade recycle box (1502), the processing unit (1002) extracts a list of materials having a cascade recycle ratio of 100% from the database and displays the list on the input unit as shown in FIG. . At the same time, the processing unit (1002) indicates an alternative material corresponding to a material designated for cascade recycling as a recycled material. Although the alternative materials after recycling can be individually input by the operator, as shown in FIG. 17, a list of alternative materials may be separately stored and the operator may select it. The input weight ratio of the recycled material to the virgin material when the recycled material is newly made (recycled material) is simultaneously indicated by the processing unit (1002), but can be changed by the operator.

  As described above, the detoxification / landfill process at the disposal / recycling stage shown in FIG. 11 is a material that has not been recycled by dismantling / sorting the product (non-recycled material), a residue discharged by the recycling materialization process, etc. It is a model of the process of detoxifying and landfilling. When the operator selects the detoxification / landfill processing setting box (1104) shown in FIG. 11, the processing unit (1002) prompts the user to select a detoxification / landfill processing site and a transportation means as shown in FIG. Part.

  In response to the operator's selection of the detoxification and landfill treatment site and transportation means, the geographical information of the dismantling / separation processing facility or recycling materialization treatment site is extracted from the database, and the distance to the disposal / landfill treatment site is calculated. . This is used for energy calculation of the transportation means in the processing unit (1002).

  In the input box (1801), a list of individual materials designated for disposal in the dismantling / sorting processing setting in FIG. 12 is extracted from the database in accordance with an operator's instruction, and the disposal processing method for each material is individually designated. I can do it.

  Conventionally, the recycling stage used the number of recycling and the basic unit of environmental load calculated from the input-output table as they are, but in this embodiment, it is a recycling form, that is, a material that performs cascade recycling, or a horizontal level. In the case of horizontal recycling, the material flow is specified whether the material flow becomes a closed loop (complete recycling loop) or an open loop (incomplete recycling loop). By calculating the environmental load for each form of recycling, the reduction of the environmental load at the recycling stage can be found more accurately, and the environmental load that was previously calculated can also be estimated in estimating the environmental load in the actual product life cycle. Since it is possible to obtain a reduction amount of the environmental load amount that actually matches the load amount, it is also possible to compare various life cycle forms of the product.

    FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing the environmental load calculation process in the disposal / recycling stage (S6). The product life cycle environmental load data processing unit (1002) in the environmental load evaluation device confirms that necessary data is input at the stage of disposal / recycling when the calculation of the environmental load is instructed. Start the calculation. A step (1901) for calculating the environmental load of dismantling / sorting of waste products, a step (1902) for calculating the environmental load of recycling materialization, a step (1903) for calculating the environmental load of alternative materials, detoxification / It includes a step (1904) of calculating the environmental load of the landfill process, and a step of calculating a result of integrating the environmental load amounts obtained from these steps.

  First, the environmental load amount in the dismantling / sorting processing step (1901) of the target product is calculated. The details are shown in FIG. The processing unit (1002) inputs transportation conditions (such as transportation means and the amount of the target product). Next, a list of discharged parts is displayed from the storage device (1004), and the material constituting the target part is designated. Determine whether the specified material is to be discarded or recycled, and specify the material (corresponding material) to be converted after recycling for the material specified for the material to be recycled. The designation of the material to be stored is stored in the database of the storage device (1004).

  The processing unit (1002) confirms whether all of the materials constituting the discharged parts are designated as materials to be discarded or recycled, and if YES, the environmental load amount in the dismantling / sorting processing step is determined. Calculate for each material by the environmental load calculation formula in the dismantling / sorting step, and obtain the total. If NO, return to the step of specifying the material from which the part is constructed.

  Next, FIG. 21 shows details of the environmental load amount and the alternative material environmental load calculation step (1903) in the recycling materialization process. The processing unit (1002) inputs transportation conditions (such as transportation means and the amount of the target product). Next, a list of materials designated as materials to be recycled is read from the storage device (1004) and displayed, and the target recycled material is designated. The recycling form of the recycled material is designated as horizontal recycling or cascade recycling, and these are stored in the database of the storage device (1004). The processing unit (1002) confirms whether all the materials designated as recycling materials are designated as horizontal recycling or cascade recycling, and if YES, further displays a list of materials designated as horizontal recycling. Proceed to If NO, the process returns to the step of specifying the material from the list of recycled materials.

  In the step of displaying a list of materials designated for horizontal recycling, an average number of times the material is used is displayed together with a list of designated materials. Next, each material is specified, whether or not to make a complete recycling loop is determined, and the average number of uses is corrected. It is confirmed whether or not all the materials designated for horizontal recycling have been determined to be in a complete recycling loop. If YES, the process further proceeds to a step showing a list of recycled materials designated for cascade recycling. If NO, the process returns to the step of designating a list of materials designated as horizontal recycle materials.

  In the step of specifying a list of recycled materials specified for cascade recycling, the material is specified, an alternative material to be converted by the recycling process is specified, and the input weight ratio of the material in the recycling process is displayed. . It is confirmed whether or not all the recycled materials designated for cascade recycling are designated as alternative materials. If YES, the process proceeds to the environmental load calculation step for processing recycled materials. If NO, the process returns to the step of designating materials from the material list in cascade recycling.

  In the environmental load calculation step (1902) and the alternative material environmental load calculation step (1903) of the recycled material processing, the environmental load calculation of the recycled material amount is performed using the environmental load calculation formula according to the recycling form of each material. In addition, the environmental load amount of the alternative material is calculated, and the total is obtained.

  Finally, FIG. 22 shows the details of the step (1904) of calculating the environmental load in the environmental load process of detoxification / landfill treatment. The processing unit (1002) determines the transport conditions (transportation means, amount of the target product, etc.), detoxification processing conditions, incineration processing conditions from the type and amount of the material specified to be discarded from the materials constituting the discharged parts. To input. Calculate by the environmental load calculation formula in the detoxification / landfill treatment process and obtain the total.

  These calculation results are stored as “environmental load calculation result data” in the database in the storage device (1004). If there is already a calculation result in this process, the processing unit (1002) may read “environmental load calculation result data” of the database in the storage device (1004) and display it on the interface unit. The amount of environmental load in the disposal / recycling stage (S5) in the product life cycle is obtained by calculating the total of each step, and this is displayed on the output unit (1003) by the processing unit (1002).

  The calculation of the environmental load for each recycling mode is as follows.

(1) For cascade recycling:
When the recycled material is in the form of cascade recycling, the calculation shown in (Equation 1) is performed.

E = A + (b1 × b2) − (c1 × c2) + D (Expression 1)
Here, E is the environmental load of the disposal / recycling process, A is the environmental load of dismantling / sorting the waste product, the environmental load basic unit b1 of recycling material, the recycling amount b2, the environmental load basic unit c1 of the alternative material, The amount of substitution c2 and the environmental load D of detoxification / landfill are assumed.

(2) For horizontal recycling:
When the recycled material is in the form of horizontal recycling, the environmental load at the manufacturing stage varies depending on the rate at which the target material is recycled as the material of the target product (material recycling rate). Therefore, in the case of horizontal recycling, it is desirable to calculate the environmental load reduction amount in the disposal / recycling stage in consideration of not only the disposal / recycling stage but also the environmental load in the manufacturing stage.

  When considering environmental impact assessment, the target is the product life cycle, but in order to calculate it, it is necessary to consider the material flow of the target material. This is because the recycling rate of the target material referenced from the input-output table differs from the material flow of the target material used in the product.

  Even in the case of horizontal recycling, the material discarded from the target product is mixed with the material (virgin material) obtained by mining and refining the raw material and used again for the target product (2-1) : Complete recycling loop), and the discarded materials are combined with the materials discarded from other products, mixed with virgin materials into recycled materials, and purchased when manufacturing new products There are cases (2-2: incomplete recycling loop). This will be described below in order.

(2-1) In the case of a complete recycle loop When the material recycle form of the product is horizontal recycle and the amount required to manufacture the product and the recycle amount are balanced, the material recycle progresses in the entire product or the entire industry. This reduces the amount of virgin material used.

In addition, the environmental load unit itself changes due to recycling to raw materials. This is because the environmental load unit is different between when recycled as a raw material used in the target product and when recycled as a raw material handled by the entire industry to which the target product belongs. Therefore, the average number of reuses determined from the input-output table is N times, the average number of recycling materials used in the target product is n times, the raw material load unit (α) handled in the entire industry, and the target product The raw material load basic unit (β) used in the manufacturing life stage is:
If the load unit generated by mining and refining raw materials is F and the load unit of recycled materials is G,
α = F × (1 / N) + G × (N−1) / N
β = F × (1 / n) + G × (n−1) / n
It can be expressed as.
If the environmental load is calculated at each stage in the past, the environmental load unit required in the input-output table is used, so if some of the materials already used in the target product are recycled materials After calculating the environmental load for each life stage using the conventional environmental load basic unit, the environmental load basic unit (β) used in the input-output table is used for the entire industry as the environmental load basic unit for recycled materials. Using the difference (β-α) in the environmental load unit of the raw material to be handled, (β-α) x the amount of recycled material that constitutes the target product should be added as the environmental load in the product life cycle .
That is, the following (Formula 2) is obtained.

  Here, E is the environmental load of the disposal / recycling process, A is the environmental load of dismantling / sorting waste products, the environmental load basic unit b1 of recycling materials, the recycling amount b2, and the environmental load D of detoxification / landfill To do.

E = A + (b1− (β−α)) × (1 / N−1 / n) × b2 + D (Expression 2)
Here, N is the average number of uses obtained from the input-output table, and n is the average number of uses of the recycled material in the target product. In the input-output table, when the ratio of the recycled material is Q with respect to all the raw materials input to the raw material manufacturing department, N = 1 / (1-Q) (FIG. 16). Therefore, the recycling amount = ((n−1) / n) × the amount contained in the target product. Further, from the above formula, β−α = (G−F) × (1 / N−1 / n).

(2-2) Incomplete recycling loop When discarded materials are combined with materials discarded from other products, mixed with virgin materials to make recycled materials, and newly manufactured products When used as a material (incomplete recycling loop), the environmental load of the raw material is the sum of the environmental load of the virgin material and the environmental load of the recycled material. In order to maintain the technically required quality, a certain amount or more of virgin material is required from the viewpoint of the performance of the recycled material, and a closed loop cannot be formed when considering the balance of the amount. In other words, it can be assumed that if the production volume is insufficient, an equivalent level of recycled material is purchased, and if the production volume is surplus, it is sold outside the life cycle loop of the target product.

Here, E is the environmental load of the disposal / recycling process, A is the environmental load of dismantling / sorting the waste products, the environmental load basic unit b1 of recycling material, the recycling amount b2, and the environmental load D of detoxification / landfilling Then,
E = A + (b1− (β−α)) × (1 / N) × b2 + D (Equation 3)
In D (Equation 3) (detoxification / landfill environmental load), the load when discarded may not be included. In this case, disposal or recycling does not affect the production stage of the target product.

  FIG. 23 shows how the above-described calculation formulas (Formula 1) to (Formula 3) are selected in order to calculate the environmental load of the recycled material. First, the processing unit (1002) acquires a list of recycled materials designated as materials to be recycled by the storage device (1004). It is first determined whether or not each of these recycled materials is designated as cascade recycling. In the case of YES, (Equation 1) is applied and the environmental load is calculated. In the case of NO, it is further determined whether or not the complete recycle loop is designated. In the case of YES, (Formula 2) is applied, and in the case of NO, (Formula 3) is applied. Apply any one of (Equation 1) to (Equation 3) for all recycled materials, calculate the environmental impact, and then calculate the total sum of those, and use it as the environmental impact of the recycled material. Moreover, when the material which comprises the object product is comprised from the several material and these are each recycled, (Formula 4) mentioned later may be utilized.

  Here, E is the environmental impact of the disposal / recycling process, A is the environmental impact of dismantling / sorting the waste products, the environmental impact basic unit b1 of recycling material, the cascade recycling amount b2, the complete horizontal recycling amount b21, The incomplete horizontal recycling amount b22, the environmental load basic unit c1 of the alternative material, the alternative amount c2, and the environmental load D of detoxification / landfill are assumed.

E = A + Σ (b1 × b2 × cascade recycling ratio−c1 × c2)
+ Σ (b1− (β−α)) × (1 / N−1 / n) × b21 × complete horizontal recycling ratio + Σ (Σ (b1− (β−α)) × (1 / N) × b22 × incomplete Horizontal recycling ratio + D (Formula 4)
Here, the cascade recycling ratio is the ratio of recycled materials that are recycled to the entire industry to which the product belongs. It is the rate at which the material that is composed is recycled.

  The concept of the model that is the basis for calculating the environmental load in each process, that is, in each life stage in the life cycle of the product has been described. In this embodiment, the system is configured as shown in FIG. Realize processing.

  24, reference numeral 2401 denotes an input unit, 2402 denotes a processing unit, 2403 denotes an output unit, and 2404 denotes an external storage device. The input unit 2401 is for inputting necessary information, and the processing unit 2402 has the environmental load calculation formula modeled for each stage described above. This environmental load calculation formula is the input-output table information. It has a function to calculate necessary elements using the emission intensity obtained by using. Further, the processing unit (2402) uses the input unit (2401) to input individual component parts of the evaluation target product necessary for calculation at each stage, the material of the parts, the amount of use, the manufacturing energy ( (Electricity, water, gas, petroleum products, etc.), individual element information holding function to store individual necessary information such as incineration rate and landfill rate at disposal stage, and graphing processing function of various calculated information Yes.

  In addition to the above, the processing unit (2402) includes various items such as an embedded input operation screen, an edit screen, and a menu screen for supporting necessary information so that an operator can easily input information necessary for environmental load calculation. It has a function of outputting and displaying the screen on the output unit (2403).

  The output unit (2403) displays various screens accompanying the processing of the processing unit (2402), and generally corresponds to a display. In addition to the display, the output unit (2403) may be a hard copy output device such as a printer, or may be configured to include both. The external storage device (2404) is a large-capacity storage device such as a hard disk or an optical disk for storing necessary information and processing results.

In the environmental load evaluation apparatus having such a configuration, when an instruction to start analysis is given from the input unit (2401) to the processing unit (2402), the processing unit (2402) first designates what the product to be analyzed is. Request. Therefore, the operator inputs the specific product name of the analysis target product (2401).
I will tell you more.

  In response to this, the processing unit (2402) selects necessary information related to the product of the product name from the input-output table according to the product name. Then, a screen for prompting input of data necessary for the arithmetic processing is displayed on the output unit (2403) corresponding to each life stage. In accordance with the request, the operator inputs data necessary for analysis of the analysis target product from the input unit (2401).

  For example, in the raw material procurement stage, the material and usage amount of the component parts per unit are included.

  Other necessary information at each life stage, for example, consumption of 6 fuel types (coal, crude oil, natural gas, petroleum product, coal product, city gas) at the raw material procurement stage, necessary at the production stage Manufacturing energy per unit (electricity, water, gas, petroleum products, etc.), truck transportation distance in the product transportation process in the distribution stage, if in the use stage, it is input in the use process The processing unit (2402) automatically selects and extracts from the input-output table, such as the total period of the product life such as electricity, water, and paper.

  Then, the required emission intensity is obtained, and using these and various data input by the operator, the environmental load at each stage is calculated according to the previous environmental load calculation formula, and the entire life cycle is calculated. The total environmental impact is calculated. Necessary information including these calculated data is filed and stored in the external storage device (2404).

  In the environmental load evaluation apparatus shown in FIG. 24, the rough mechanism of the environmental load at each life stage in the life cycle in a uniquely determined process is modeled, and this model is applied to any product. In other words, an equation corresponding to a standard model for each life stage is prepared, and the environmental load is calculated according to the equation corresponding to this model.

  FIG. 25 shows a specific example of the hardware configuration of the environmental load evaluation apparatus that implements the functional units of the disposal / recycling stage input unit (1001e) as shown in FIG. Reference numeral 2501 in FIG. 25 denotes a CPU. A bus line (2502) to which the CPU (2501) is connected is connected to a display device (2503) such as a monitor, an output device (2504) such as a printer, an input device (2505) such as a keyboard and a mouse, and a RAM (2506). A main memory (2507) for storing the control program and a file storage memory (2508) are respectively connected.

  The file storage memory (2508) includes an input / output screen storage unit (2509) for storing the input / output screen form, a raw material configuration data storage unit (2510) for storing the material input amount of each stage S1 to S5, and an input coefficient. An environmental load basic unit storage unit (2513) for storing matrix data (2511) and recycling frequency data (2512) related thereto, and an environmental load calculation formula storage unit (2514) for storing the aforementioned environmental load calculation formula are provided. It has been. The RAM (2506) is used for temporarily storing image data for display and numerical data for processing in addition to the control program called from the main memory (2507) and the file storage memory (2508).

  The input / output screen storage unit (2509) has a menu screen displayed as a screen for starting up a program and calculating the environmental load amount of each stage. This menu screen is a screen showing the flow in the recycling process as shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, for example, and is arranged so that the operator can easily recognize the next operation.

  Further, as a program that can be executed by a computer, the program can be stored and distributed in a recording medium such as a magnetic disk (floppy (R) disk, hard disk, etc.), an optical disk (CD-ROM, DVD, etc.), or a semiconductor memory. .

  Next, a detailed example in the case of a refrigerator is shown below.

  Clicking the discharge box (1206) on the screen as shown in FIG. 12 for setting of dismantling / sorting processing of the waste product, the material to be discharged after disassembling / sorting one refrigerator is input. For example, the material configuration as shown in Table 1 is used.

The environmental load amount for each material will be described below with CO ₂ as an example of the environmental load factor.

1) Crushed iron In the setting of the recycling materialization process of FIG. 14, crushed iron and electric power are specified in the input setting (1405) box, and electric furnace iron is input in the discharge setting box (1406). Further, in FIG. 15, cascade recycling is designated. Next, in FIG. 17, converter iron is selected as an alternative material. The environmental impact of the disposal / recycling process is calculated using Equation 1.

Crushed iron;
(Crushing load basic unit + electric furnace refining load basic unit-converter steel load basic unit) x weight = (0.02 + 1.13-2.27) x 35 kg
_{= -1.12g-CO 2 / g ×} 35kg
= -39.2 kg-CO ₂
Here, alternative amount = constituent weight × input weight ratio.

Therefore,
Environmental load of recycling material treatment-Environmental load of alternative materials = -39.2kg-CO ₂
It is.

2) Crushed copper In the setting of the recycling material processing of FIG. 14, crushed copper is designated in the input setting box (1405), and crushed copper is input in the discharge setting box (1406). Further, in FIG. 15, cascade recycling is designated. Next, copper ore is selected as an alternative material of FIG. The environmental impact of the disposal / recycling process is calculated using Equation 1.

Crushed copper;
× Weight - (load per unit of crushing load intensity of copper ore) = (0.02-0.67) × 2kg = -0.65g-CO 2 / g × 2kg
= -1.3 kg-CO ₂
Therefore,
Environmental load of recycling material treatment-Environmental load of alternative materials = -1.3kg-CO ₂
It is.

3) Waste electric wire In the setting of the recycling materialization process of FIG. 14, the waste electric wire and electric power are designated in the input setting box (1405), and the copper recycled metal is input in the discharge setting box (1406). In FIG. 15, horizontal recycling is designated. In FIG. 17, copper bullion is selected as an alternative material. Assuming an incomplete recycling loop, the environmental load of the disposal / recycling process is calculated using Equation 3.

(Load basic unit of waste wire recycling treatment-copper base metal load basic unit) × (1 / N) × recycle weight = (0.001-1.016) × (1 / 1.005) × 0. 45kg
= -0.45kg-CO ₂
Therefore,
Environmental load of recycling materialization-environmental load of alternative material = −0.45 kg-CO ₂ .

4) Waste PS plastic In the setting of the recycling material processing of FIG. 14, the waste PS plastic is designated in the input setting box (1405), and the PS molding material is inputted in the discharge setting box (1406). Suppose again that it is used in the manufacturing stage as a refrigerator part. In FIG. 15, horizontal recycling is designated. In FIG. 16, a PS molding material is selected as an alternative material. The environmental impact of the disposal / recycling process is calculated using Equation 2.

PS;
(Environmental load unit of recycling material processing-PS unit load unit)
× (1 / N−1 / n) × weight = (0.0−1.152) × (1 / 1.2−1 / 2) × 1 kg
= −0.384 kg-CO ₂
Therefore,
Environmental load of recycling material treatment-Environmental load of alternative materials = -0.384kg-CO ₂
It is.

5) Waste PP Plastic In the setting of recycling material processing in FIG. 14, waste PP plastic is specified in the input setting box (1405), and PP molding material is input in the discharge setting box (1407). Suppose again that it is used in the manufacturing stage as a refrigerator part. In FIG. 15, horizontal recycling is designated. In FIG. 17, a PP molding material is selected as an alternative material. The environmental impact of the disposal / recycling process is calculated using Equation 2.

PP;
(Environmental load unit of recycling material processing-PS unit load unit)
X (1 / N-1 / n) x weight = (0.0-1.116) x (1 / 1.2-1 / 2) x 1 kg
= −0.372 kg-CO ₂
Therefore,
Environmental load of recycling material treatment-Environmental load of alternative materials = -0.372kg-CO ₂
It is.

6) Waste plastic In the setting of the recycling material processing in FIG. 14, the waste plastic is designated in the input setting box (1405), and the waste plastic is input in the discharge setting box (1406). In FIG. 15, cascade recycling is designated. In FIG. 17, pulverized coal is selected as an alternative material. The environmental impact of the disposal / recycling process is calculated using Equation 1.

Waste plastics;
(Recycling material load basic unit x Recycle amount-Alternative material load basic unit x Substitute amount)
= (0.0-0.245 x 11 x 1.13)
= -3.045 kg-CO ₂
Therefore,
Environmental load of recycling material treatment-Environmental load of alternative materials = -3.045kg-CO ₂
It is.

7) Waste Urethane In the setting of the recycling material processing shown in FIG. 14, waste urethane is designated in the input setting box (1405), and waste urethane is input in the discharge setting box (1406). In FIG. 15, cascade recycling is designated. In FIG. 17, coke is selected as an alternative material. The environmental impact of the disposal / recycling process is calculated using Equation 1.

Waste urethane;
(Recycling material load basic unit x Recycle amount-Alternative material load basic unit x Substitute amount)
= (0.0-0.245 x 13 x 1.13)
= −3.599 kg-CO ₂
Therefore,
Environmental load of recycling material treatment-Environmental load of alternative materials = -3.599kg-CO ₂
It is.

8) Waste refrigerant chlorofluorocarbon and waste heat insulating material chlorofluorocarbon The material and energy input to the chlorofluorocarbon recovery are set in the input setting box (1205) shown in FIG. 12 by specifying the setting (1101) of dismantling / sorting of the waste product in FIG. ) And calculated as part of the environmental impact of dismantling and sorting waste products.

  The material and energy input to the CFC decomposition are input in the input setting box (1801) shown in FIG. 18 obtained by designating the detoxification / landfill processing setting (1104) in FIG. Calculated as part of the environmental impact of landfill treatment.

In total,
Environmental load of recycling material treatment-Environmental load of alternative material = -48.4kg-CO ₂
It becomes.

The environmental load of dismantling / separation of waste products and the environmental load of detoxification / landfilling are calculated separately, and the environmental load of detoxification / landfilling = 6.0 kg-CO ₂ , environmental load of detoxification / landfilling = When the 4.0 kg-CO _2, after all, by recycling waste refrigerators, reduction of 38.4kg-CO ₂ is obtained.

As a result, it is possible to quantitatively compare the effect of reducing the environmental load with respect to various recyclings. That is, it is possible to change the collection rate and the reduction rate in “[5] Disposal stage and recycling stage”, and it is understood how much load can be reduced depending on the form of recycling.
Therefore, this evaluation method has a great effect not only on the manufacturer but also on the whole social system.

  In addition, LCA analysis in a complicated recycling stage can be easily performed, and it can be used for environmental impact assessment for newly developed products.

The figure showing the life cycle of a product. The figure showing the life cycle of a product. The figure which showed the calculation format in the raw material procurement stage. The figure which showed the calculation format of the manufacture stage. The figure which showed the calculation format of the distribution stage. The figure which showed the calculation format of the use stage. The figure which showed the calculation format of the discard stage. The figure which showed the calculation format of the recycle stage. The figure which showed each process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed the structural example of the apparatus input part in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example of each process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example of the detailed process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example of the detailed process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example of the detailed process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example of the detailed process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example of the detailed process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example of the detailed process in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure which showed an example which showed the detailed process in the discard stage in connection with this invention. The figure explaining an example of the processing flow in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure explaining an example of the detailed processing flow in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure explaining an example of the detailed processing flow in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure explaining an example of the detailed processing flow in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure explaining an example of the detailed processing flow in the recycle stage in connection with this invention. The figure for demonstrating the apparatus which implements the environmental impact evaluation method of environmental load of this invention. The block diagram for demonstrating the apparatus which implements the environmental impact environmental load evaluation method of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

1, S1 ... Raw material procurement stage, 2, S2 ... Manufacturing stage, 3, S3 ... Distribution stage, 4, S4 ... Usage stage, 5 ... Disposal stage, S5 ... Disposal / Recycle stage, 6 ... Recycle stage,
91 ... Intermediate processing step, 92 ... Regeneration processing step, 93/94/95 ... Transport processing step 1001 ... Input section,
1001a: Input part of raw material procurement stage, 1001e: Input part of disposal / recycle stage, 1002 ... Processing part, 1003 ... Output part, 1004 ... Storage device 1101 ... Scrap product Setting box for dismantling / sorting,
1102 ... Setting box for recycling materialization processing, 1103 ... Setting box for alternative material, 1104 ... Setting box for detoxification / landfill processing,
1201 ... Primary collection location setting box, 1202 ... Dismantling / sorting location setting box, 1203, 1204 ... Transportation means setting box,
1301... List of parts to be discharged 1302 ..List of corresponding materials 1303... Corresponding arrow 1304... Estimated weight 1401. Setting box, 1405 ... Input setting box, 1406 ... Discharge setting box 1501 ... Horizontal recycling setting box, 1502 ... Cascade recycling setting box,
1801... Input setting box,
1901: calculating the environmental load of dismantling / sorting of waste products, 1902: calculating the environmental load of recycling material processing, 1903: calculating the environmental load of alternative materials, 1904 ... Step 2401 for calculating the environmental load of the detoxification / landfill process 2401 ... input unit, 2402 ... processing unit, 2403 ... output unit, 24030 external storage device,
2501 ... CPU, 2502 ... bus line, 2503 ... display device, 2504 ... output device, 2505 ... input device, 2506 ... RAM, 2507 ... main memory, 2508 ... File storage memory, 2509... Input / output screen storage unit, 2510... Raw material composition data storage unit, 2511... Input coefficient matrix data, 2512. Storage unit, 2514 ... Environmental load calculation formula storage unit

Claims (17)

An evaluation device that evaluates the environmental impact of product disposal and recycling,
Recyclability designation means for designating whether the material constituting the product is to be recycled or discarded;
First calculation means for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be recycled designated by the recyclability designation means;
An environmental load evaluation apparatus comprising: a first integration unit that integrates the environmental load obtained by the first calculation unit for all of the materials to be recycled.   2. The environmental load evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the recyclability specifying means includes a means for displaying a list of materials constituting products stored in advance. An evaluation device that evaluates the environmental load at the product recycling stage,
Recycling form designation means for designating whether the material constituting the product is to be horizontally recycled or cascaded, and
Second calculating means for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be horizontally recycled specified by the recycling form specifying means;
A third means for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be cascade-recycled designated by the recycling form designating means;
An environmental load evaluation apparatus comprising: a second integration unit that integrates the environmental load obtained by the second unit and the third unit for all materials to be recycled. The recycling form designating means is:
4. The environmental load evaluation apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising means for designating a material to be replaced by the material to be cascade-recycled.   The environmental load evaluation device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, further comprising loop designating means for designating whether the horizontal recycling material designated by the recycling form designating means should be closed-loop recycled or open-loop recycled.   7. The environmental load evaluation apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the second calculation unit uses different coefficients for the closed-loop recycle and the open-loop recycle specified by the loop specifying unit.   The environmental load evaluation device according to claim 1, further comprising fourth calculation means for obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated by the recyclability designation means.   4. The environmental load evaluation device according to claim 3, further comprising fourth calculation means for obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated by the recyclability designation means.   The environmental load evaluation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein an industry relation table stored in advance is used as the predetermined coefficient. A method for evaluating the environmental impact of product disposal and recycling,
A recyclability designation step for designating whether the material constituting the product is a material to be recycled or a material to be discarded;
A first environmental load calculation step for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be recycled designated in the recyclability designation step;
A first integration step of integrating the environmental load obtained in the recyclability designation step with respect to all of the materials to be recycled. A method for evaluating the environmental impact of a product at the recycling stage,
Recycling form designation step that specifies whether the material constituting the product should be horizontally recycled or cascaded,
A second environmental load calculating step for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be horizontally recycled specified in the recycling form specifying step;
A third environmental load calculating step for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be cascade-recycled specified in the recycling form specifying step;
A second integration step of integrating the environmental loads obtained in the second and third environmental load calculation steps with respect to all of the recycled materials.   The environmental load evaluation method according to claim 10, further comprising a fourth calculation step of obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated in the recyclability designation step.   The environmental load evaluation apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising a fourth calculation step for obtaining an environmental load for the material to be discarded designated in the recyclability designation step. There is a program that evaluates the environmental impact of product disposal and recycling.
A process for designating whether or not the material constituting the product can be recycled by designating whether it should be recycled or discarded.
A process for obtaining a first environmental load for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be recycled designated in the process for designating whether or not recycling is possible;
An environmental load evaluation program for causing a computer to execute a first process for integrating the environmental load obtained by the process for designating whether or not recycling is possible for all of the recycled materials. A program for evaluating the environmental impact of product recycling,
A process for designating a recycling form that designates a recycling form of a material constituting a product, which is a material to be horizontally recycled or a material to be cascade-recycled, and
A process for obtaining a second environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be horizontally recycled designated in the process for designating the recycling mode;
A third environmental load calculation process for obtaining an environmental load using a predetermined coefficient stored in advance for the material to be cascade-recycled specified in the process for specifying the recycling mode;
An environmental load evaluation program for causing a computer to execute a second process for integrating the environmental loads obtained by the processes for obtaining the second and third environmental loads for all of the recycled materials.   The environmental load evaluation program according to claim 14, further causing a computer to execute a process for obtaining a fourth environmental load for a material to be discarded designated by the process for designating whether or not recycling is possible.   The environmental load evaluation program according to claim 15, further causing a computer to execute a process for obtaining a fourth environmental load for a material to be discarded designated in the process for designating whether recycling is possible.

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