JP2005103513A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a pulverization apparatus that eliminates variations in pulverization performance, vibration, and noise values due to fluctuations in power supply voltage (commercial power supply).
A pulverizing apparatus according to the present invention detects a voltage of a motor driving power source by a voltage detecting means and adjusts an output torque of the motor by changing a switching duty ratio of the driving circuit by a control circuit. By doing so, the output torque of the motor 6 is made constant so that there is no variation in grinding performance, vibration, and noise values.
[Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a pulverizing apparatus for pulverizing straws, foam trays, PET bottles and the like.

  In recent years, interest in the environment has steadily increased. Reflecting this, processing of food waste such as straw, foaming trays, plastic bottles, etc., had a tendency to depend on the government, but it can be said that it is proceeding in the direction of distributing the load and burdening on the waste side. . Hereinafter, a pulverizing apparatus for pulverizing the basket, foam tray, plastic bottle, and the like will be described. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the internal structure of a conventional pulverizer as seen through.

  In FIG. 7, reference numeral 1 is an inlet for pouring in water or water, 2 is a hollow structure provided immediately below the inlet 1 and serves as a grinding chamber wall, 3 is a bottom plate, and 4 is a lower part of the hollow structure 2. It is a ground material inflow chamber provided. The bottom plate 3 is for partitioning the pulverized portion and the pulverized material inflow chamber 4 in the hollow structure 2.

  Reference numeral 5 denotes a rotary shaft that is installed perpendicularly to the center position of the hollow structure 2 and rotates at a high speed, and 6 is a motor that is provided at the lower part of the apparatus and serves as a power source. 7 is a discharge pipe for discharging the crushed material attached from the crushed material inflow chamber 4 to the outside, 8 is a fixed blade attached to the inner surface of the hollow structure 2, 9 is a sink, and 10 is a faucet. Reference numeral 11 denotes a rotary blade that extends to the inner surface of the hollow structure 2 around the rotary shaft 5, and pulverizes the pulverized material in pairs with the fixed blade 8. Reference numeral 12 denotes a runner attached to the rotary shaft 5 and attached to the rotary blade 11.

The operation of such a conventional pulverizer will be described. In FIG. 7, when the soot is pulverized, water is poured from the faucet 10, and soot and water are introduced into the hollow structure 2 from the inlet 1. Thereafter, the motor 6 is started and the rotating shaft 5 is rotated at a high speed, whereby the runner 12 and the rotary blade 11 are rotated at a high speed. It is pulverized by cutting between 8 and the rotary blade 11. The crushed soot flows into the crushed material inflow chamber 4 and is discharged from the discharge pipe 7.
JP 2000-342988 A JP 2003-144960 A

  By the way, in the conventional pulverizing apparatus, the control of the motor applied voltage corresponding to the fluctuation of the power supply voltage (commercial power supply) is not performed, and the pulverization performance, vibration, and noise value vary.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a pulverization apparatus that provides stable pulverization performance and does not have uneven vibration and noise values even when the power supply voltage (commercial power supply) fluctuates.

In order to solve the above object, according to the present invention, when a processed material is introduced from an inlet, a runner is driven by a motor, and the processed material is pulverized by a rotary blade mounted on the runner and a fixed blade in a pulverization chamber. A pulverization apparatus for detecting a voltage of a power source for driving a motor, a drive circuit for switching energization to the motor, and a control means for instructing the drive circuit to switch at a predetermined duty ratio And when the motor is driven, the control means changes the duty ratio in a plurality of stages corresponding to the voltage value obtained by the voltage detection means. .

  According to the pulverizing apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to perform motor torque control in response to fluctuations in power supply voltage (commercial power supply), and eliminate fluctuations in pulverization performance, vibration and noise values due to fluctuations in power supply voltage. There is an advantage that you can.

  Claim 1 of the present invention is a pulverizing apparatus in which when a processed material is introduced from an inlet, a runner is driven by a motor, and the processed material is pulverized by a rotary blade mounted on the runner and a fixed blade in the pulverizing chamber. There are provided voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power source for driving the motor, a drive circuit for switching energization to the motor, and a control means for instructing the drive circuit to switch at a predetermined duty ratio. When the motor is driven, the control means changes the duty ratio in multiple stages corresponding to the voltage value obtained by the voltage detection means. It has the effect of eliminating variations in values.

Claim 2 of the present invention is that, in claim 1, when the voltage of the power source is a predetermined voltage value V ₁ and the duty ratio of the driving circuit at this time is D, the voltage detection means detects the voltage value V _2. The control means is a pulverizer that changes the duty ratio to V ₁ / V ₂ × D, and has an effect of eliminating pulverization performance due to fluctuations in power supply voltage, and variations in vibration and noise values.

A third aspect of the present invention is the pulverizing device according to the first or second aspect, wherein the control means sets the duty ratio to 0 when the voltage value V ₁ is outside the predetermined range, and the fluctuation of the power supply voltage is controlled. This ensures the safety of the equipment and the crushing performance.

  A fourth aspect of the present invention is a pulverizer for driving a runner by a motor when a processed product is introduced from an input port, and pulverizing the processed product with a rotary blade mounted on the runner and a fixed blade in the pulverization chamber. A voltage detection means for detecting a voltage of a power source for driving the motor, a drive circuit for switching energization to the motor, a control means for instructing the drive circuit to switch at a predetermined duty ratio, and the control A pulverization pattern selection switch capable of mode setting of the pulverization pattern is provided for the means, and when the motor is driven, the control means changes the duty ratio to a plurality of stages corresponding to the pulverization pattern selected by the selection switch. It is an apparatus and has the effect | action that a favorite grinding | pulverization pattern can be implement | achieved irrespective of the fluctuation | variation of a power supply voltage.

  Claim 5 of the present invention is a pulverizing apparatus in which when a processed material is introduced from an inlet, a runner is driven by a motor, and the processed material is pulverized by a rotary blade mounted on the runner and a fixed blade in the pulverizing chamber. A voltage detection means for detecting a voltage of a power supply for driving the motor, a drive circuit for switching energization to the motor, a control means for instructing the drive circuit to switch at a predetermined duty ratio, and a power supply And an overload protection device that is installed between the voltage detection means and operates when an overload occurs, and a notification means for notifying the user of the overload. When the voltage detection means operates, the control means It is a crushing device that operates the notification means, and has the effect of promptly informing the user of the non-energized state when the overload protection device is operating.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In these drawings, the same members are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

(Embodiment 1)
Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a control circuit of a crushing apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a duty ratio of the motor drive circuit with respect to the voltage of the motor drive power supply according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and applied to the motor. FIG. 3 is a graph showing the output torque-rotational speed characteristics of the motor for each motor drive power supply voltage in the first embodiment of the present invention.

  The crushing apparatus of Embodiment 1 has the same configuration as the crushing apparatus shown in FIG. For this reason, while referring to FIG. 7, the common reference numerals indicate the common contents, and thus the detailed description is omitted to the description of the conventional pulverizer.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 13 denotes a drive circuit for turning on and off a voltage of a motor drive power source 14 to be described later and energizing the motor 6 and is composed of a transistor, an FET, a triac, and the like. Reference numeral 14 denotes a motor driving power source, which is usually an alternating current converted into a direct current by a diode. Reference numeral 15 denotes a voltage detection means, which simply reduces the voltage of the motor drive power supply 14 by dividing the voltage with a resistor. Reference numeral 16 denotes a control circuit (control means of the present invention) that determines and commands the switching timing of the drive circuit 13 based on the voltage value detected by the voltage detection means 15. The control circuit 16 is constituted by a microcomputer, a control IC dedicated to a DC brushless motor, and the like, and is preferably executed by directly inputting the voltage value detected by the voltage detection means 15.

The control of the crusher having such a circuit configuration will be described below with reference to FIG. When the voltage of the motor driving power source 14 detected by the voltage detecting means 15 is a predetermined voltage value V ₁ , the control circuit 16 switches the driving circuit 13 at a switching duty ratio (hereinafter, duty ratio) D%. Order to do. Then, the average voltage value applied to the motor is V ₁ × D / 100. That is, the motor 6 has torque characteristics similar to those of a motor driven with an average voltage value of V ₁ × (D / 100).

Here, when there is a change in the commercial power supply or the motor drive power supply and the voltage value detected by the voltage detection means 15 changes from V ₁ to V ₂ , the control circuit 16 has a duty ratio with respect to the drive circuit 13. To switch at (V ₁ / V ₂ ) × D%. Then, the average voltage applied to the motor 6 is V ₂ × ((V ₁ / V ₂ ) × D / 100) = V ₁ × (D / 100), and the average voltage value is V ₁ × (D / 100). Torque characteristics are similar to those of a driven motor.

FIG. 2 shows the relationship between the duty ratio with respect to the voltage value detected by the voltage detection means 15 and the average voltage value applied to the motor at this time, and here, for a predetermined voltage value V ₁ The duty ratio is 80%. In FIG. 2, 19 is a curve showing a change in duty ratio, and 20 is a curve showing an average voltage value. Assuming that the predetermined voltage value V ₁ is 100V, the duty ratio when the detected voltage value is 80V is (100/80) × 80 = 100%, and when the detected voltage is 120V (100/120) X80 = 67%.

  That is, if the drive circuit 13 is switched at the duty ratio, the motor 6 is driven with an average voltage of 80 V applied to the motor 6 regardless of whether the detection voltage of the motor drive power supply 14 is 80 V, 100 V, or 120 V. In other words, the motor can always have the same torque characteristics. Conversely, when duty ratio control based on voltage fluctuation is not performed, as shown in FIG. 3, the no-load rotation speed and the starting torque of the motor 6 change in proportion to the voltage. In FIG. 3, 18 is a curve indicating torque.

Here, considering the case where the processed material is put into the hollow structure 2 and pulverization is performed, for example, when the pulverization apparatus is designed based on an average voltage applied to the motor 6 of 80 V, the drive circuit 13 is formed by the above method. If the duty ratio of the motor is controlled, even if the voltage of the motor drive power supply 14 changes from 80V to 120V, the vibration, noise, and time required for grinding can always exhibit a constant performance.

  On the other hand, when the duty ratio of the drive circuit 13 is not controlled by the voltage value of the motor drive power supply 14, when the pulverizer is designed based on an average voltage applied to the motor of, for example, 100V, the motor drive power supply 14 If the voltage of the motor is 100V, predetermined performance can be obtained in vibration, noise, and grinding time. However, if the voltage of the motor drive power supply 14 becomes 80V, the output torque of the motor 6 is insufficient and the grinding time is short. It will take extra. In addition, since the number of rotations at the time of no load is insufficient, those that are pulverized at a relatively high rotation (light ones, elastic ones such as fish glue, cartilage, etc.) cannot be crushed and remain. On the contrary, if the voltage of the motor driving power supply 14 becomes 120V, the output torque of the motor 6 is too large this time, and the impact during grinding becomes large, and vibration and noise are increased.

In the above description, only three types of voltages of the motor driving power supply 14 are 80V, 100V, and 120V, but it is preferable to change the duty ratio sequentially with respect to voltage fluctuations. In addition, the voltage range may be divided into a plurality of ranges to deal with voltage fluctuations with several types of duty ratios. The voltage range is not limited to 80 V to 120 V, and an arbitrary voltage range corresponding to the design may be provided. Further, the predetermined voltage value V ₁ may be a value in the middle of the range of voltages assumed to be input.

  Further, when the voltage value of the motor driving power source 14 is outside the predetermined voltage range, this is quickly detected by the voltage detecting means 15, and the duty ratio of the driving circuit 13 is set to 0%, that is, the output is cut. It is possible to avoid unsafe items and stabilize the grinding performance. Preferably, when control is performed in a voltage range in which the duty ratio is 80% to 100%, both safety and grinding performance can be satisfied.

  According to the first embodiment, the voltage value of the motor drive power supply 14 is divided by a resistor and directly read into the analog port of the microcomputer to control the switching of the drive circuit 13, or the comparison voltage port of the DC brushless motor dedicated control IC By inputting a voltage value to the curve 18, the curve 18 indicating the torque of the grinding device can be easily controlled, and grinding can be optimized.

  In the above description, the pulverizer uses the cocoon as the processed material, but the first embodiment can also be applied to pulverization other than the cocoon, such as a foam tray and a plastic bottle. In this case, the rotating blade 11 and the tip member of the rotating blade 11 are changed for foaming trays and PET bottles and pulverized. Then, by detecting the voltage value of the motor driving power source 14, the curve 18 indicating the torque of the crushing device can be easily controlled, and crushing can be optimized.

(Embodiment 2)
A second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a control circuit of the crushing apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the motor output torque and the rotational speed for each crushing pattern according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  The crushing apparatus of the second embodiment has the same configuration as the crushing apparatus shown in FIG. 7 described above, and has the same circuit configuration as that of the first embodiment. For this reason, while referring to FIG. 7, common reference numerals indicate common contents, and therefore, detailed description thereof will be omitted from the description of the conventional crushing apparatus and the first embodiment.

In FIG. 4, 13 is a drive circuit, 14 is a motor drive power source, 16 is a control circuit, and 17 is a selection switch for the user to select a pulverization pattern. The control circuit 16 determines and commands the switching timing of the drive circuit 13 according to the pulverization mode selected by the selection switch 17.

  Control of the pulverizer having such a circuit configuration will be described below with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 4, a selection switch 17 is a selection switch for the user to select a pulverization pattern, and the selection switch 17 can select the pulverization pattern. Here, the pulverization pattern is for mode selection of the strength of pulverization, that is, the output torque of the motor 6 at the time of pulverization. The control circuit 16 commands the drive circuit 13 to switch at a duty ratio corresponding to the output torque of the motor 6 selected by the selection switch 17. In the mode in which the output torque of the selected motor is large, that is, in the strong mode, the drive circuit 13 is switched by setting the duty ratio large in order to increase the average voltage applied to the motor 6. Conversely, in the mode where the output torque of the selected motor is small, that is, in the weak mode, the control circuit 16 switches the drive circuit 13 by setting the duty ratio small in order to reduce the average voltage applied to the motor 6. Let

  FIG. 5 shows a relationship between the rotation speed and the curve 18 showing the torque for each pulverization pattern. When the selected pulverization pattern is in the strong mode, both the output torque of the motor 6 and the no-load rotation speed increase. When the selected pulverization pattern is in the weak mode, both the output torque of the motor 6 and the no-load rotation speed are reduced.

  When the average voltage value applied to the motor 6 is large, the curve 18 indicating the torque at the time of pulverization becomes large, and the pulverization can be completed in a short time, but the vibration and noise values are also slightly increased. When the average voltage value applied to the motor 6 is small, the curve 18 indicating the torque during pulverization becomes small and the pulverization time becomes slightly longer, but the vibration and noise values can be reduced. Therefore, the user can select a desired pulverization pattern according to the quality and quantity of the pulverized product. Preferably, when the rotational speed of the motor 6 is in the range of 1800 rpm to 2200 rpm, the mode is set so that the duty ratio can be set in a plurality of stages so that the curve 18 indicating the torque is 4000 gf · cm to 9000 gf · cm. Fractures that generate vibration (hard or heavy, such as bones, citrus fruits, root vegetables, etc.) are pulverized with low vibration, or pulverized with relatively high rotation (light or elastic) For example, fish glue, cartilage, etc.) can be crushed in a short time.

  The pulverizing apparatus of the second embodiment can also be applied to pulverization using a product other than the candy, such as a foam tray and a PET bottle.

(Embodiment 3)
Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a control circuit of the pulverizing apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

  The pulverization apparatus of the third embodiment has the same configuration as the pulverization apparatus shown in FIG. 7 described above, and has the same circuit configuration as that of the first embodiment. For this reason, while referring to FIG. 7, common reference numerals indicate common contents, and therefore, detailed description thereof will be omitted from the description of the conventional crushing apparatus and the first embodiment.

  In FIG. 6, 13 is a drive circuit, 14 is a motor drive power source, 15 is voltage detection means, and 16 is a control circuit. Reference numeral 21 denotes an overload protection device such as a bimetal type whose contacts are turned on and off by current and heat. Reference numeral 22 denotes a notification means for notifying that the overload protection device 21 is operating using hearing or vision.

  Control of the pulverizer having such a circuit configuration will be described below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 6, when an overcurrent flows through the motor 6 due to the lock of the motor 6 or the like, the overload protection device 21 is activated. The contact of the overload protection device 21 is cut by a bimetal or the like heated by an overcurrent. As a result, the output of the motor drive power supply 14 is interrupted by the overload protection device 21, and the voltage detection means 15 detects that no voltage is supplied to the drive circuit 13 from the motor drive power supply 14. That is, the voltage detection means 15 detects that the voltage is 0V. When it is detected that the overload protection device 21 is operating, the control circuit 16 notifies the user of this via the notification means 22. The notification means 22 notifies by hearing or vision such as a buzzer or LED.

  As described above, the voltage detecting means 15 can detect that the overload protection device 21 is operating. Further, as described in the first embodiment, the voltage detection means 15 can also be used as a voltage detection means for determining the switching duty ratio of the drive circuit 13. The pulverization apparatus of Embodiment 3 can also be applied to pulverization using a material other than the candy, such as a foam tray and a PET bottle.

  The present invention can be applied to a pulverizing apparatus that can optimize the pulverization of bags, foam trays, PET bottles, and the like.

The block diagram which shows the control circuit of the grinding | pulverization apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. The graph showing the relationship between the duty ratio of the motor drive circuit with respect to the voltage of the motor drive power supply in Embodiment 1 of this invention, and the average voltage applied to a motor The graph which shows the output torque-rotation speed characteristic of the motor according to motor drive power supply voltage in Embodiment 1 of this invention The block diagram which shows the control circuit of the grinding | pulverization apparatus in Embodiment 2 of this invention. The graph showing the relationship between the curve-rotation speed which shows the torque according to the grinding | pulverization pattern in Embodiment 2 of this invention. The block diagram which shows the control circuit of the grinding | pulverization apparatus in Embodiment 3 of this invention. Perspective view showing the internal structure of a conventional crushing device in perspective

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Input port 2 Hollow structure 3 Bottom plate 4 Ground material inflow chamber 5 Rotating shaft 6 Motor 7 Discharge pipe 8 Fixed blade 9 Sink 10 Water faucet 11 Rotating blade 12 Runner 13 Drive circuit 14 Motor drive power supply 15 Voltage detection means 16 Control circuit 17 Selection switch 18 Curve showing torque 19 Curve showing change in duty ratio 20 Curve showing average voltage value 21 Overload protection device 22 Notification means

Claims (5)

A runner is driven by a motor when a processed product is introduced from an inlet, and a grinding device for crushing the processed product with a rotary blade mounted on the runner and a fixed blade in a grinding chamber, the motor being driven Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power supply, a drive circuit for switching the energization of the motor, and a control means for instructing the drive circuit to switch at a predetermined duty ratio. When driven, the control means changes the duty ratio into a plurality of stages corresponding to the voltage value obtained by the voltage detection means. When the voltage of the power source is a predetermined voltage value V ₁ and the duty ratio of the driving circuit at this time is D, when the voltage detection means detects the voltage value V ₂ , the control means sets the duty ratio to V The pulverizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pulverizing apparatus is changed to ₁ / V ₂ × D. If the voltage value V ₁ is out of the predetermined range, grinding apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said control means and sets the duty ratio to zero. A runner is driven by a motor when a processed product is introduced from an inlet, and a grinding device for crushing the processed product with a rotary blade mounted on the runner and a fixed blade in a grinding chamber, the motor being driven Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power supply, a drive circuit for switching energization to the motor, a control means for instructing the drive circuit to switch at a predetermined duty ratio, and for the control means A crushing pattern selection switch capable of mode setting of a crushing pattern is provided, and when the motor is driven, the control means changes the duty ratio to a plurality of stages corresponding to the crushing pattern selected by the selection switch. A crusher characterized by. A runner is driven by a motor when a processed product is introduced from an inlet, and a grinding device for crushing the processed product with a rotary blade mounted on the runner and a fixed blade in a grinding chamber, the motor being driven Voltage detecting means for detecting the voltage of the power supply, a drive circuit for switching energization to the motor, control means for commanding the drive circuit to switch at a predetermined duty ratio, the power supply and the voltage detection An overload protection device that is installed between the devices and operates when an overload occurs and a notification unit that notifies the user of the overload are provided, and when the voltage detection unit operates, the control unit A crushing apparatus characterized by operating a notification means.

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