JP2005053263A - Method and device for detecting reduction of tire pneumatic pressure, and program for judging tire pressure reduction - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting reduction of tire pneumatic pressure, and program for judging tire pressure reduction Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C23/00—Devices for measuring, signalling, controlling, or distributing tyre pressure or temperature, specially adapted for mounting on vehicles; Arrangement of tyre inflating devices on vehicles, e.g. of pumps or of tanks; Tyre cooling arrangements
- B60C23/06—Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle
- B60C23/061—Signalling devices actuated by deformation of the tyre, e.g. tyre mounted deformation sensors or indirect determination of tyre deformation based on wheel speed, wheel-centre to ground distance or inclination of wheel axle by monitoring wheel speed
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明はタイヤ空気圧低下検出方法および装置、ならびにタイヤ減圧判定のプログラムに関する。さらに詳しくは、タイヤの空気圧の低下を正確に判定し、偏荷重による誤報の発生を防ぐことができるタイヤ空気圧低下検出方法および装置、ならびにタイヤ減圧判定のプログラムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、タイヤ空気圧低下検出装置は、タイヤが減圧すると正常空気圧のタイヤより外径(タイヤの動荷重半径)が減少するため、他の正常なタイヤに比べると回転角速度(車輪速度)が増加するという原理を用いている。たとえばタイヤの車輪速度の相対的な差から空気圧の低下を検出する方法では、判定値DELとして、
を用いて、このDELの絶対値が警報しきい値をこえたときに警報を発すようにしている(特許文献1)。ここで、V1〜V4は、それぞれ左前輪タイヤ、右前輪タイヤ、左後輪タイヤおよび右後輪タイヤの車輪速度である。
【0003】
前記DELは車輪速度の相対的な差から求めており、車両が加減速や旋回をしているときの車輪速度の変化が相殺されるため、DELの変化は小さい。また、偏荷重時においても、荷重が4輪タイヤに分散するため、通常は影響があまり大きくならない。たとえば、乗員が左側に偏った位置にいる場合、左側の2輪タイヤは荷重により動荷重半径が小さくなるが、左側の2輪タイヤの車輪速度が共に大きくなり相殺するため、DELには影響を与えない。また、トランクの左側に重量物を積んだ場合、左後輪タイヤは荷重が大きくなり潰れ、対角位置の右前輪タイヤの荷重が小さくなるが、他方の対角位置の荷重差が同じになるため、DELの変化は小さい。したがって、前記DELを用いて有効に空気圧の低下を検出することができる。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開昭63−305011号公報
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、車体の剛性や偏荷重の大きさにより、駆動時に生じるタイヤのスリップ率が変化し、車輪速度の相対的な差から求められるDELではスリップ率の影響を相殺しきれない場合がある。
【0006】
たとえば後輪駆動車のトランクの左側に重量物を積んだ場合、左後輪タイヤが大きく潰れるが、荷重が大きくなるため左後輪タイヤのスリップが減る。これに対し、右後輪タイヤはあまり潰れないが、荷重が左後輪タイヤより少ないためスリップが多くなり、両者の動荷重半径はほぼ等しくなってしまうという現象が起こる。
【0007】
このとき、荷重の対角にある右前輪タイヤは浮き上がった状態になっているため、通常より動荷重半径が左前輪タイヤより大きくなってしまい、これによりDELの絶対値が大きくなり、タイヤの空気圧が正常であるにもかかわらず空気圧の低下状態と誤判定してしまうという問題がある。
【0008】
本発明は、叙上の事情に鑑み、タイヤの空気圧の低下を正確に判定し、偏荷重による誤報の発生を防ぐことができるタイヤ空気圧低下検出方法および装置、ならびにタイヤ減圧判定のプログラムを提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明のタイヤ空気圧低下検出方法は、4輪車両に装着したタイヤから得られる車輪回転情報に基づいてタイヤ空気圧の低下を検出するタイヤ空気圧低下検出方法であって、各車輪タイヤから得られる車輪回転情報を求める工程と、2組の対角線上にある一対の車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第1判定値、前輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和と後輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第2判定値および右側車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和と左側車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第3判定値を演算する工程と、前記車輪回転情報、第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値を記憶する工程と、各車輪タイヤに対して設定される、前記第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値ごとの判定条件から、各車輪タイヤの空気圧の低下を判定する工程を含むことを特徴とする。
【0010】
また、本発明のタイヤ空気圧低下検出装置は、4輪車両に装着したタイヤから得られる車輪回転情報に基づいてタイヤ空気圧の低下を検出するタイヤ空気圧低下検出装置であって、各車輪タイヤから得られる車輪回転情報を求める回転情報検出手段と、2組の対角線上にある一対の車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第1判定値、前輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和と後輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第2判定値および右側車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和と左側車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第3判定値を演算する判定値演算手段と、前記車輪回転情報、第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値を記憶する記憶手段と、各車輪タイヤに対して設定される、前記第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値ごとの判定条件から、各車輪タイヤの空気圧の低下を判定する判定手段を備えてなることを特徴とする。
【0011】
本発明のタイヤ減圧判定のプログラムは、4輪車両に装着したタイヤから得られる車輪回転情報に基づいてタイヤ空気圧の低下を判定するためにコンピュータを、2組の対角線上にある一対の車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第1判定値、前輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和と後輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第2判定値および右側車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和と左側車輪タイヤの車輪回転情報の和の差を所定の平均車輪速度で割ったものである第3判定値を演算する判定値演算手段、前記車輪回転情報、第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値を記憶する記憶手段、各車輪タイヤに対して設定される、前記第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値ごとの判定条件から、各車輪タイヤの空気圧の低下を判定する判定手段として機能させることを特徴とする。
【0012】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、添付図面に基づいて、本発明のタイヤ空気圧低下検出方法および装置、ならびにタイヤ減圧判定のプログラムを説明する。
【0013】
図1に示されるように、本発明の一実施の形態にかかわるタイヤ空気圧低下検出装置は、4輪車両に備えられた4つのタイヤFL、FR、RLおよびRRの空気圧が低下しているか否かを検出するもので、車輪タイヤにそれぞれ関連して設けられた通常の回転情報検出手段1を備えている。
【0014】
前記回転情報検出手段1としては、電磁ピックアップなどを用いて回転パルスを発生させてパルスの数から車輪回転情報である回転角速度(車輪速度)を測定するための車輪速センサまたはダイナモのように回転を利用して発電を行ない、この電圧から回転角速度(車輪速度)を測定するためのものを含む角速度センサなどを用いることができる。前記回転情報検出手段1の出力はABSなどのコンピュータである制御ユニット2に与えられる。制御ユニット2には、判定結果に基づいて、警報を発する警報手段、たとえば空気圧が低下したタイヤを知らせるための液晶表示素子、プラズマ表示素子またはCRTなどで構成された表示器3およびドライバーによって操作することができる初期化スイッチ4が接続されている。なお、本発明においては、前記警報手段として、表示器3に代えて音声警報器を用いることもできる。
【0015】
前記制御ユニット2は、図2に示されるように、外部装置との信号の受け渡しに必要なI/Oインターフェイス2aと、演算処理の中枢として機能するCPU2bと、該CPU2bの制御動作プログラムが格納されたROM2cと、前記CPU2bが制御動作を行なう際にデータなどが一時的に書き込まれたり、その書き込まれたデータなどが読み出されるRAM2dとから構成されている。
【0016】
前記回転情報検出手段1では、タイヤの回転数に対応したパルス信号(以下、車輪速パルスという)が出力される。またCPU2bでは、回転情報検出手段1から出力された車輪速パルスに基づき、所定のサンプリング周期ΔT(sec)、たとえばΔT=1秒ごとに各タイヤの回転角速度Fiが算出される。
【0017】
ところで、タイヤは規格内でのばらつき(初期差異)が含まれて製造されるため、各タイヤの有効転がり半径(一回転により進んだ距離を2πで割った値)は、すべてのタイヤがたとえ正規圧であっても、同一とは限らない。そのため、各タイヤの回転角速度Fiはばらつくことになる。そこで、たとえば回転角速度Fiから初期差異の影響を排除する方法がある。この方法では、まず、つぎに示される初期補正係数K1、K2、K3を算出する。
K1=F1/F2 ・・・(1)
K2=F3/F4 ・・・(2)
K3=(F1+K1×F2)/(F2+K2×F4) ・・・(3)
【0018】
ついで、この算出された初期補正係数K1、K2、K3を用いて式(4)〜(7)に示されるように新たな回転角速度F1iを求めるようにしている。
F11=F1 ・・・(4)
F12=K1×F2 ・・・(5)
F13=K3×F3 ・・・(6)
F14=K2×K3×F4 ・・・(7)
【0019】
ここで、初期補正係数K1は、前左右タイヤ間の初期差異による有効ころがり半径の差を補正するための係数である。初期補正係数K2は、後左右タイヤ間の初期差異による有効ころがり半径の差を補正するための係数である。初期補正係数K3は、前左タイヤと後左タイヤとのあいだの初期差異による有効ころがり半径の差を補正するための係数である。そして、前記F1iに基づき、各車輪のタイヤの車輪速度Viを算出する。
【0020】
本実施の形態では、車輪速度の相対的な差から求められる判定値DELではスリップ率の影響を相殺しきれないため、空気圧の低下を判定するために、つぎの3つの判定値DEL1、DEL2およびDEL3を用いている。
【0021】
(1)判定値DEL1として、つぎの式(8)に示されるように、2組の対角線上にある一対の車輪タイヤの車輪速度の和(合計)を引算して求めた差を4輪タイヤの平均車輪速度(2つの合計の平均値)で割った値の比率を用いる。
【0022】
ここで、V1〜V4は、それぞれ左前輪タイヤ、右前輪タイヤ、左後輪タイヤおよび右後輪タイヤの車輪速度であり、VMEANは、(V1+V2+V3+V4)/4である。
【0023】
(2)判定値DEL2として、つぎの式(9)に示されるように、前輪タイヤの車輪速度の和と後輪タイヤの車輪速度の和の差(2組の和の差)を4輪タイヤの平均車輪速度で割った値の比率を用いる。
【0024】
(3)判定値DEL3として、つぎの式(10)に示されるように、右側車輪タイヤの車輪速度の和と左側車輪タイヤの車輪速度の和の差(2組の和の差)を4輪の平均車輪速度で割った値の比率を用いる。
【0025】
ついで各車輪タイヤに対して、3つの空気圧低下の判定条件をつぎに示すように別々に設定する。この判定条件は、たとえば左前輪タイヤFLの場合、DEL1、DEL2、DEL3でのV1の符号がすべて正であるため、左前輪タイヤFLに空気圧低下が起こった場合、それらはすべて正になるという考えの元に設定される。なお、FDthおよびRDthは、それぞれ前輪警報しきい値および後輪警報しきい値である。
【0026】
(i)左前輪タイヤFLの空気圧低下の判定条件A1は、
DEL1>FDth(>0)
DEL2>FDth(>0)
DEL3>FDth(>0)
である。
【0027】
(ii)右前輪タイヤFRの空気圧低下の判定条件A2は、
DEL1<−FDth(<0)
DEL2>FDth(>0)
DEL3<−FDth(<0)
である。
【0028】
(iii)左後輪タイヤRLの空気圧低下の判定条件A3は、
DEL1<−RDth(<0)
DEL2<−RDth(<0)
DEL3>RDth(>0)
【0029】
(iv)右後輪タイヤRRの空気圧低下の判定条件A4は、
DEL1>RDth(>0)
DEL2<−RDth(<0)
DEL3<−RDth(<0)
である。
【0030】
たとえば各タイヤが正常空気圧の状態で、左偏荷重(左側座席2名の荷重+トランク左側荷重)をかけた場合は、左前輪タイヤFL、左後輪タイヤRLおよび右後輪タイヤRRの荷重は増加するため、動荷重半径は減少するが、逆に右前輪タイヤFRは、トランク左側の荷重により浮き上がるため、動荷重半径は若干大きくなる。そのため、他の3輪に比べV2が小さくなることから、
DEL1>0
DEL2<0 ・・・(11)
DEL3>0
となる。
【0031】
また、各タイヤが正常空気圧の状態で、右偏荷重(右側座席2名の荷重+トランク右側荷重)をかけた場合は、右前輪タイヤFR、左後輪タイヤRLおよび右後輪タイヤRRの荷重は増加するため、動荷重半径は減少するが、逆に左前輪タイヤFLは、トランク右側の荷重により浮き上がるため、動荷重半径は若干大きくなる。そのため、他の3輪に比べV1が小さくなることから、
DEL1<0
DEL2<0 ・・・(12)
DEL3<0
となる。
【0032】
これらの判定結果は、前記(i)〜(iv)の判定条件に一致していない。したがって、本実施の形態では、空気圧が低下していると判定されることがなく、偏荷重による誤報の発生を避けることができる。
【0033】
なお、本実施の形態では、前記判定値DEL1、DEL2およびDEL3を用いて、空気圧の低下を判定しているが、本発明においては、これらに限定されるものではなく、各判定値の平均値や移動平均化処理した値を用いるか、またはこれらの3つの判定値(DEL1、DEL2およびDEL3)の式と表現は異なるが、同じような性質をもつ式を用いることができる。たとえば、判定値DEL1として、判定値DEL1の式と非常に相関が高い式、たとえば{(V1+V4)/(V2+V3)−1}×100(%)={(V1+V4)/2−(V2+V3)/2}/(V2+V3)/2×100(%)を用いると、この式は前記判定値DEL1の式とは2組の対角線上にある一対の車輪タイヤの車輪速度の和の差において共通した関係を有する。このため、本明細書では、かかる和の差を所定(4輪タイヤまたは2輪タイヤ)の平均車輪速度で割ったものを用いる判定値DEL1を第1判定値という。または判定値DEL1として、(V1/V2−V3/V4)を用いる場合、V1、V4が大きくなると、この式の値は大きくなり、V2、V3が大きくなると、この式の値は小さくなるため、判定値DEL1の特徴と良く似ている。また、両者の関係係数は、ほぼ1に等しいため、両者は等価の式とみなすことができる。したがって、前記判定値DEL1(すなわち第1判定値)に代えて、該判定値DEL1と等価の関係がある車輪速度比の差を第1判定値(DEL1)として用いることもできる。
【0034】
また、前記判定値DEL1以外に判定値DEL2やDEL3についても同様に判定値DEL2やDEL3の式に非常に相関が高い式、たとえば判定値DEL2として、{(V1+V2)/(V3+V4)−1}×100(%)={(V1+V2)/2−(V3+V4)/2}/(V3+V4)/2×100(%)を用いると、この式は前記判定値DEL2の式とは前輪タイヤの車輪速度の和と後輪タイヤの車輪速度の和の差において共通した関係を有する。このため、本明細書では、かかる和の差を所定(4輪タイヤまたは2輪タイヤ)の平均車輪速度で割ったものを用いる判定値DEL2を第2判定値という。または判定値DEL2として、(V1/V3−V4/V2)を用いる場合についても、前記判定値DEL1と同様に、判定値DEL2(すなわち第2判定値)と等価の関係がある車輪速度比の差を第2判定値(DEL2)として用いることもできる。
【0035】
また、判定値DEL3として、{(V1+V3)/(V2+V4)−1}×100(%)={(V1+V3)/2−(V2+V4)/2}/(V2+V4)/2×100(%)を用いると、この式は前記判定値DEL3の式とは右側車輪タイヤの車輪速度の和と左側車輪タイヤの車輪速度の和の差において共通した関係を有する。このため、本明細書では、かかる和の差を所定(4輪タイヤまたは2輪タイヤ)の平均車輪速度で割ったものを用いる判定値DEL3を第3判定値という。または判定値DEL3として、(V1/V2−V4/V3)を用いる場合についても、前記判定値DEL1と同様に、判定値DEL3(すなわち第3判定値)と等価の関係がある車輪速度比の差を第3判定値(DEL3)として用いることもできる。
【0036】
本実施の形態におけるタイヤ減圧判定のプログラムは、前記制御ユニット2を、前記第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値を演算する判定値演算手段、前記車輪速度、第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値を記憶する記憶手段、各車輪タイヤに対して設定される、前記第1判定値、第2判定値および第3判定値とそれぞれの判定条件から、各車輪タイヤの空気圧の低下を判定する判定手段として機能させる。
【0037】
以下、図3〜4に基づいて本実施の形態にかかわるタイヤ空気圧低下検出装置の動作の手順(1)〜(11)について説明する。
【0038】
(1)車両の4輪タイヤFL、FR、RLおよびRRの車輪速度を計算する(ステップS1)。
たとえば、ABSセンサなどのセンサから得られた車両の各車輪タイヤFL、FR、RL、RRのある時点の車輪速データに基づいて、それぞれのタイヤの回転角速度Fiを算出したのち、車輪速度を計算する。
【0039】
(2)ついで悪路のリジェクト処理を行なう(ステップS2)。
悪路とは、スプリットμ路または砂利道などの状態をいうが、とくに車両が片側だけ滑りやすい道路を走行したときに、正常空気圧であっても判定値がしきい値をこえてしまい、警報が発生してしまうことがある。このスプリットμ路とは、左右のタイヤの路面で摩擦係数μが違う路面のことであり、たとえば右側がアスフャルトの路面であり、左側がグラスの路面の場合である。したがって、車輪速度から求められる車両の左右おのおののスリップ率の差の変化量が大きいときは悪路と判断し、このような状態のデータをリジェクトする。
【0040】
(3)ついで前後方向加速度(前後G)のリジェクト処理を行なう(ステップS3)。
前後Gが大きいときにはタイヤが空転し、回転角速度Fiが変動するため、このような状態のデータをリジェクトする。たとえば各タイヤの前後方向加速度FRAiは、サンプリング周期ΔT(sec)の前のサンプリング時点において算出された各タイヤの車輪速度をBV1iとすると、つぎの式(13)により算出される。
FRAi=(V1i―BV1i)/(ΔT×9.8) ・・・(13)
【0041】
そして、つぎの式(14)に該当する場合には、回転角速度Fiをリジェクトする。
【0042】
(4)ついで低速のリジェクト処理を行なう(ステップS4)。
車両の低速時には、路面の凸凹などの影響が無視できず、回転角速度Fiが変動するため、このような状態のデータをリジェクトする。たとえば車両速度Vがつぎの式(15)に該当する場合には、回転角速度Fiをリジェクトする。
V<Vth(たとえばVth=10(km/h)) ・・・(15)
【0043】
(5)ついで旋回走行のリジェクト処理を行なう(ステップS5)。
旋回走行時の旋回半径Rが小さいときにはタイヤが横滑りし、回転角速度Fiが変動するため、このような状態のデータをリジェクトする。たとえば旋回半径Rがつぎの式(16)に該当する場合には、回転角速度Fiをリジェクトする。
R<Rth(たとえばRth=30(m)) ・・・(16)
【0044】
(6)ついでリジェクトするデータがあるか否かを判断する(ステップS6)。
リジェクトするデータがない場合(リジェクトなしの場合)、ステップ7に進む。
【0045】
(7)ついで車輪速度の補正処理を行なう(ステップS7)。
前記車輪速度から初期差異の影響を排除すべく、初期化(初期補正係数K1、K2およびK3を求める処理)したのち、車輪速度に対してつぎの式(17)〜(20)に示されるように初期補正を施して、車輪速度V1n、V2n、V3n、V4nを計算する。
V11=V1 ・・・(17)
V12=K1×V2 ・・・(18)
V13=K3×V3 ・・・(19)
V14=K2×K3×V4 ・・・(20)
【0046】
ここで、初期補正係数K1は、前左右タイヤ間の初期差異による有効ころがり半径の差を補正するための係数である。初期補正係数K2は、後左右タイヤ間の初期差異による有効ころがり半径の差を補正するための係数である。初期補正係数K3は、前左タイヤと後左タイヤとのあいだの初期差異による有効ころがり半径の差を補正するための係数である。
【0047】
(8)ついで前記式(8)〜(10)から判定値DEL1、DEL2およびDEL3を計算する(ステップS8)。
【0048】
(9)ついで前記判定値DEL1、DEL2およびDEL3を所定の回数(データ数)N、たとえば60回まで累積し、各判定値の累積値(DELLP1、DELLP2およびDELLP3)を求める(ステップS9、S10)。
【0049】
(10)ついで60回分の判定値が蓄積されたのち、平均処理化を行ない各平均値(DELAV1、DELAV2およびDELAV3)を求める(ステップS11)。平均値の算出後には、N、DELLP1、DELLP2およびDELLP3はゼロに初期化される。
【0050】
(11)ついで警報判定処理を行なう(ステップS12)。
この警報判定処理は、つぎに示されるように各車輪タイヤについて3つの判定値とそれぞれの判定条件を用いて行なう。
【0051】
(I)左前輪タイヤ(FL輪)について、前記平均判定値DELAV1、DELAV2およびDELAV3がそれぞれの空気圧低下の判定条件A1を満たすか否かを判断する(ステップSS1)。3つの判定条件A1をすべて満たす場合、ドライバーに警報を発する。これに対し、3つの判定条件A1をすべては満たさない場合(いずれか1つでも満たさない場合。以下同様)、ステップSS2へ進む。
【0052】
(II)右前輪タイヤ(FR輪)について、前記平均判定値DELAV1、DELAV2およびDELAV3がそれぞれの空気圧低下の判定条件A2を満たすか否かを判断する(ステップSS2)。3つの判定条件A2をすべて満たす場合、ドライバーに警報を発する。これに対し、3つの判定条件A2をすべては満たさない場合、ステップSS3へ進む。
【0053】
(III)左後輪タイヤ(RL輪)について、前記平均判定値DELAV1、DELAV2およびDELAV3がそれぞれの空気圧低下の判定条件A3を満たすか否かを判断する(ステップSS3)。3つの判定条件A3をすべて満たす場合、ドライバーに警報を発する。これに対し、3つの判定条件A3をすべては満たさない場合、ステップSS4へ進む。
【0054】
(IV)右後輪タイヤ(RR輪)について、前記平均判定値DELAV1、DELAV2およびDELAV3がそれぞれの空気圧低下の判定条件A4を満たすか否かを判断する(ステップSS4)。3つの判定条件A4をすべて満たす場合、ドライバーに警報を発する。これに対し、3つの判定条件A4をすべては満たさない場合、空気圧の低下がないと判断し、ステップS1へ進む。
【0055】
つぎに本発明を実施例に基づいて説明するが、本発明はかかる実施例のみに限定されるものではない。
【0056】
【実施例】
車両として、ダンロップSPSPORT9000(商品名)のタイヤが装着された後輸駆動の4000ccクラスの左ハンドルの乗用車を用意した。本実施の形態における判定値DEL1、DEL2およびDEL3により警報を発するプログラムを搭載した車両(実施例)と従来の判定値DELのみで警報を発するプログラムを搭載した車両(比較例)について、つぎの走行試験を行なった。走行試験の結果を表1に示す。
【0057】
(1)ドライバーの席および助手席にそれぞれ90kgの荷重がかかるようにした状態(ドライバー席(90kg)+助手席(90kg)の状態)で、4輪のタイヤを正常空気圧に調整したのち、60〜200km/hでドイツのアウトバーンにおいて初期化走行を実施した。
【0058】
(2)ついで左前輪タイヤ(FL)と左後輪タイヤ(RL)の空気圧をそれぞれ30%低下(減圧)させて同じコースを同じ速度条件にて走行した。
【0059】
(3)つぎに再びタイヤを正常空気圧に調整し、ドライバー席(左)90kg、トランクの左後部に300kgのウエイトを積んだ状態(ドライバー90kg+トランク左後部に300kg積載状態)で、同じコースを同じ速度条件で走行した。
【0060】
【表1】
【0061】
本実施例および比較例とも、左前輪タイヤ(FL)と左後輪タイヤ(RL)の30%減圧を検出することができた。
【0062】
一方、トランク左後部に300kg積載状態の場合、比較例では誤って、空気圧の低下を検出して誤報を発するのに対して、本実施例では空気圧の低下を検出せず、誤報の発生を防ぐことができることがわかった。
【0063】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したとおり、本発明によれば、タイヤの空気圧の低下を正確に判定し、偏荷重による誤報の発生を防ぐことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の一実施の形態にかかわるタイヤ空気圧低下検出装置を示すブロック図である。
【図2】図1のタイヤ空気圧低下検出装置の電気的構成を示すブロック図である。
【図3】本実施の形態のフローチャートの一例である。
【図4】本実施の形態のフローチャートの一例である。
【符号の説明】
1 回転情報検出手段
2 制御ユニット
3 表示器
4 初期化スイッチ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a tire pressure drop detection method and apparatus, and a tire decompression determination program. More specifically, the present invention relates to a tire pressure drop detection method and apparatus that can accurately determine a decrease in tire air pressure and prevent occurrence of misreporting due to uneven load, and a tire decompression determination program.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when the tire pressure is reduced, an outer diameter (tire dynamic load radius) of the tire pressure drop detecting device is smaller than that of a normal pressure tire. Therefore, the rotational angular speed (wheel speed) increases compared to other normal tires. Is used. For example, in the method of detecting a decrease in air pressure from the relative difference in tire wheel speed, as the determination value DEL,
Is used to issue a warning when the absolute value of DEL exceeds the warning threshold value (Patent Document 1). Here, V1 to V4 are wheel speeds of the left front wheel tire, the right front wheel tire, the left rear wheel tire, and the right rear wheel tire, respectively.
[0003]
The DEL is obtained from a relative difference in wheel speed. Since the change in the wheel speed when the vehicle is accelerating / decelerating or turning is canceled, the change in the DEL is small. In addition, even when an uneven load is applied, the load is distributed to the four-wheel tire, so that the influence is usually not so great. For example, if the occupant is biased to the left, the left two-wheel tire will have a smaller dynamic load radius due to the load, but both the left two-wheel tire will increase and cancel each other, which will affect DEL. Don't give. In addition, when a heavy object is loaded on the left side of the trunk, the load on the left rear wheel tire increases and collapses, and the load on the right front wheel tire on the diagonal position decreases, but the load difference on the other diagonal position becomes the same. Therefore, the change in DEL is small. Therefore, it is possible to effectively detect a decrease in air pressure using the DEL.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-305011
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the slip ratio of the tire that occurs during driving varies depending on the rigidity of the vehicle body and the magnitude of the unbalanced load, and there are cases in which the influence of the slip ratio cannot be offset by DEL obtained from the relative difference in wheel speed.
[0006]
For example, when a heavy object is loaded on the left side of the trunk of a rear-wheel drive vehicle, the left rear wheel tire is largely crushed, but the load increases and slippage of the left rear wheel tire is reduced. On the other hand, although the right rear wheel tire is not crushed so much, the load is less than that of the left rear wheel tire, so the slip increases and the dynamic load radii of both become almost equal.
[0007]
At this time, the right front wheel tire at the diagonal of the load is in a lifted state, so that the dynamic load radius becomes larger than usual than the left front wheel tire, thereby increasing the absolute value of DEL and the tire air pressure. In spite of normality, there is a problem that it is erroneously determined that the air pressure is reduced.
[0008]
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a tire pressure drop detection method and apparatus, and a tire decompression judgment program that can accurately determine a drop in tire air pressure and prevent the occurrence of false alarms due to uneven loads. For the purpose.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The tire pressure drop detection method of the present invention is a tire pressure drop detection method for detecting a tire pressure drop based on wheel rotation information obtained from a tire mounted on a four-wheel vehicle, and the wheel rotation obtained from each wheel tire. The first determination value obtained by dividing the difference between the sum of the wheel rotation information of the pair of wheel tires on the two pairs of diagonal lines by the predetermined average wheel speed, and the sum of the wheel rotation information of the front wheel tire The difference between the sum of the wheel rotation information of the rear wheel tire and the sum of the wheel rotation information of the right wheel tire and the sum of the wheel rotation information of the left wheel tire is obtained by dividing the difference between the sum of the wheel rotation information of the rear tire and the predetermined average wheel speed. Calculating a third determination value obtained by dividing the vehicle wheel by a predetermined average wheel speed, storing the wheel rotation information, the first determination value, the second determination value, and the third determination value, and each wheel tire Set for It is the first judgment value, the judgment condition by every second determination value, and the third determination value, characterized in that it comprises a step of determining the wheel rotation.
[0010]
The tire pressure drop detection device of the present invention is a tire pressure drop detection device that detects a drop in tire pressure based on wheel rotation information obtained from a tire mounted on a four-wheel vehicle, and is obtained from each wheel tire. A first determination value obtained by dividing a difference between the sum of wheel rotation information of a pair of wheel tires on two diagonal lines by a predetermined average wheel speed; The difference between the sum of the wheel rotation information and the sum of the wheel rotation information of the rear wheel tires divided by a predetermined average wheel speed and the sum of the wheel rotation information of the right wheel tire and the wheel rotation of the left wheel tire A determination value calculating means for calculating a third determination value obtained by dividing a difference of the sum of information by a predetermined average wheel speed; and the wheel rotation information, the first determination value, the second determination value, and the third determination value. Memory to remember And determination means for determining a decrease in air pressure of each wheel tire from the determination conditions for each of the first determination value, the second determination value, and the third determination value set for each wheel tire. It is characterized by that.
[0011]
The tire decompression determination program of the present invention uses a computer to determine a decrease in tire air pressure based on wheel rotation information obtained from a tire mounted on a four-wheel vehicle, and a pair of wheel tires on two diagonal lines. The difference between the sum of wheel rotation information divided by a predetermined average wheel speed is a first determination value, and the difference between the sum of wheel rotation information of the front tire and the sum of wheel rotation information of the rear tire is a predetermined average wheel speed. The second judgment value that is divided by 1 and the third judgment value that is the difference between the sum of the wheel rotation information of the right wheel tire and the sum of the wheel rotation information of the left wheel tire divided by the predetermined average wheel speed Determination value calculating means, storage means for storing the wheel rotation information, first determination value, second determination value and third determination value, first determination value and second determination set for each wheel tire Value and third judgment value From the determination conditions, wherein the function as determination means for determining the wheel rotation.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a tire pressure drop detecting method and apparatus and a tire decompression determination program according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0013]
As shown in FIG. 1, the tire pressure drop detecting device according to one embodiment of the present invention determines whether or not the air pressures of the four tires FL, FR, RL and RR provided in the four-wheel vehicle are lowered. And a normal rotation information detecting means 1 provided in association with each of the wheel tires.
[0014]
The rotation information detecting means 1 is rotated like a wheel speed sensor or dynamo for generating a rotation pulse by using an electromagnetic pickup or the like and measuring a rotation angular velocity (wheel speed) as wheel rotation information from the number of pulses. An angular velocity sensor including that for generating electric power using this and measuring the rotational angular velocity (wheel velocity) from this voltage can be used. The output of the rotation information detecting means 1 is given to a
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 2, the
[0016]
The rotation information detection means 1 outputs a pulse signal (hereinafter referred to as a wheel speed pulse) corresponding to the number of rotations of the tire. Further, the
[0017]
By the way, since tires are manufactured with variations (initial differences) within the standard, the effective rolling radius of each tire (the value obtained by dividing the distance traveled by one revolution by 2π) is the same for all tires. Even pressure is not necessarily the same. Therefore, the rotational angular velocity Fi of each tire varies. Therefore, for example, there is a method of eliminating the influence of the initial difference from the rotational angular velocity Fi. In this method, first, initial correction coefficients K1, K2, and K3 shown below are calculated.
K1 = F1 / F2 (1)
K2 = F3 / F4 (2)
K3 = (F1 + K1 × F2) / (F2 + K2 × F4) (3)
[0018]
Next, a new rotation angular velocity F1 i is obtained as shown in equations (4) to (7) using the calculated initial correction coefficients K1, K2, and K3.
F1 1 = F1 (4)
F1 2 = K1 × F2 (5)
F1 3 = K3 × F3 (6)
F1 4 = K2 × K3 × F4 (7)
[0019]
Here, the initial correction coefficient K1 is a coefficient for correcting the difference in effective rolling radius due to the initial difference between the front left and right tires. The initial correction coefficient K2 is a coefficient for correcting the difference in effective rolling radius due to the initial difference between the rear left and right tires. The initial correction coefficient K3 is a coefficient for correcting a difference in effective rolling radius due to an initial difference between the front left tire and the rear left tire. And based on said F1 i , the wheel speed Vi of the tire of each wheel is calculated.
[0020]
In the present embodiment, the determination value DEL obtained from the relative difference in wheel speed cannot completely cancel out the influence of the slip ratio. Therefore, in order to determine the decrease in air pressure, the following three determination values DEL1, DEL2, and DEL3 is used.
[0021]
(1) As the determination value DEL1, the difference obtained by subtracting the sum (total) of the wheel speeds of the pair of wheel tires on the two diagonal lines as shown in the following equation (8) The ratio of the value divided by the average wheel speed of the tire (the average of the two sums) is used.
[0022]
Here, V1 to V4 are wheel speeds of the left front wheel tire, the right front wheel tire, the left rear wheel tire, and the right rear wheel tire, respectively, and VMEAN is (V1 + V2 + V3 + V4) / 4.
[0023]
(2) As the determination value DEL2, as shown in the following equation (9), the difference between the sum of the wheel speeds of the front tires and the sum of the wheel speeds of the rear tires (difference between the two sets of sums) The ratio of the value divided by the average wheel speed is used.
[0024]
(3) As the determination value DEL3, as shown in the following equation (10), the difference between the sum of the wheel speeds of the right wheel tire and the sum of the wheel speeds of the left wheel tire (the difference between the two sets of sums) is set to four wheels. The ratio of the value divided by the average wheel speed is used.
[0025]
Then, for each wheel tire, three determination conditions for lowering air pressure are set separately as shown below. The determination condition is that, for example, in the case of the left front wheel tire FL, the signs of V1 in DEL1, DEL2, and DEL3 are all positive, so that when air pressure drops in the left front wheel tire FL, they all become positive. Is set to the original. FDth and RDth are a front wheel warning threshold value and a rear wheel warning threshold value, respectively.
[0026]
(I) The determination condition A1 for the decrease in air pressure of the left front wheel tire FL is:
DEL1> FDth (> 0)
DEL2> FDth (> 0)
DEL3> FDth (> 0)
It is.
[0027]
(Ii) The determination condition A2 for the decrease in air pressure of the right front wheel tire FR is:
DEL1 <-FDth (<0)
DEL2> FDth (> 0)
DEL3 <-FDth (<0)
It is.
[0028]
(Iii) The determination condition A3 for the decrease in air pressure of the left rear wheel tire RL is:
DEL1 <-RDth (<0)
DEL2 <-RDth (<0)
DEL3> RDth (> 0)
[0029]
(Iv) The determination condition A4 for the decrease in air pressure of the right rear wheel tire RR is:
DEL1> RDth (> 0)
DEL2 <-RDth (<0)
DEL3 <-RDth (<0)
It is.
[0030]
For example, when each tire is in a normal air pressure state and a left-balanced load (load of two left seats + trunk left-side load) is applied, the loads on the left front wheel tire FL, left rear wheel tire RL, and right rear wheel tire RR are Since the dynamic load radius decreases due to the increase, the right front wheel tire FR is lifted by the load on the left side of the trunk, so that the dynamic load radius becomes slightly larger. Therefore, V2 is smaller than the other three wheels,
DEL1> 0
DEL2 <0 (11)
DEL3> 0
It becomes.
[0031]
Further, when a right-sided load (load of two right seats + trunk right-side load) is applied with each tire in normal air pressure, the load on the right front wheel tire FR, the left rear wheel tire RL, and the right rear wheel tire RR However, since the left front wheel tire FL is lifted by the load on the right side of the trunk, the dynamic load radius is slightly increased. Therefore, V1 is smaller than the other three wheels,
DEL1 <0
DEL2 <0 (12)
DEL3 <0
It becomes.
[0032]
These determination results do not match the determination conditions (i) to (iv). Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is not determined that the air pressure has decreased, and it is possible to avoid the occurrence of a false alarm due to an uneven load.
[0033]
In the present embodiment, the decrease in air pressure is determined using the determination values DEL1, DEL2, and DEL3. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and the average value of each determination value Or a value obtained by moving average processing, or expressions of these three determination values (DEL1, DEL2, and DEL3) are different from each other, but expressions having similar properties can be used. For example, as the determination value DEL1, an expression having a high correlation with the expression of the determination value DEL1, for example, {(V1 + V4) / (V2 + V3) -1} × 100 (%) = {(V1 + V4) / 2− (V2 + V3) / 2 } / (V2 + V3) / 2 × 100 (%), this formula has a common relationship with the formula of the determination value DEL1 in the difference in the sum of the wheel speeds of a pair of wheel tires on two diagonal lines. Have. For this reason, in this specification, determination value DEL1 using what divided this sum difference by average wheel speed of predetermined (four-wheel tire or two-wheel tire) is called the 1st determination value. Alternatively, when (V1 / V2-V3 / V4) is used as the determination value DEL1, the value of this expression increases as V1 and V4 increase, and the value of this expression decreases as V2 and V3 increase. It is very similar to the feature of the decision value DEL1. In addition, since the relationship coefficient between them is almost equal to 1, both can be regarded as equivalent expressions. Therefore, instead of the determination value DEL1 (that is, the first determination value), a difference in wheel speed ratio having a relationship equivalent to the determination value DEL1 can be used as the first determination value (DEL1).
[0034]
In addition to the determination value DEL1, the determination values DEL2 and DEL3 are similarly highly correlated with the determination value DEL2 and DEL3, for example, as the determination value DEL2, {(V1 + V2) / (V3 + V4) -1} × 100 (%) = {(V1 + V2) / 2− (V3 + V4) / 2} / (V3 + V4) / 2 × 100 (%), this equation is different from the equation of the determination value DEL2 in terms of the wheel speed of the front tire. There is a common relationship in the difference between the sum of the sum and the wheel speed of the rear tire. For this reason, in this specification, determination value DEL2 using what divided this sum difference by average wheel speed of predetermined (four-wheel tire or two-wheel tire) is called the 2nd determination value. Alternatively, when (V1 / V3-V4 / V2) is used as the determination value DEL2, the difference in wheel speed ratio that is equivalent to the determination value DEL2 (that is, the second determination value) is the same as the determination value DEL1. Can also be used as the second determination value (DEL2).
[0035]
Also, {(V1 + V3) / (V2 + V4) -1} × 100 (%) = {(V1 + V3) / 2− (V2 + V4) / 2} / (V2 + V4) / 2 × 100 (%) is used as the determination value DEL3. This equation has a common relationship with the equation of the determination value DEL3 in the difference between the sum of the wheel speeds of the right wheel tire and the sum of the wheel speeds of the left wheel tire. For this reason, in this specification, determination value DEL3 using the difference of the sum divided by a predetermined average wheel speed (four-wheel tire or two-wheel tire) is referred to as a third determination value. Alternatively, when (V1 / V2−V4 / V3) is used as the determination value DEL3, the difference in wheel speed ratio that is equivalent to the determination value DEL3 (that is, the third determination value) is the same as the determination value DEL1. Can also be used as the third determination value (DEL3).
[0036]
In the tire decompression determination program according to the present embodiment, the
[0037]
Hereinafter, the operation procedures (1) to (11) of the tire pressure drop detecting device according to the present embodiment will be described based on FIGS.
[0038]
(1) The wheel speeds of the four-wheel tires FL, FR, RL and RR of the vehicle are calculated (step S1).
For example, after calculating the rotational angular velocity Fi of each tire based on the wheel speed data at a certain point in time for each wheel tire FL, FR, RL, RR obtained from a sensor such as an ABS sensor, the wheel speed is calculated. To do.
[0039]
(2) Next, a rough road rejection process is performed (step S2).
A bad road is a condition such as a split μ road or a gravel road, but especially when the vehicle is driving on a slippery road on one side, the judgment value will exceed the threshold value even if the air pressure is normal, causing an alarm. May occur. The split μ road is a road surface having a different friction coefficient μ between the left and right tire road surfaces. For example, the right side is an asphalt road surface and the left side is a glass road surface. Therefore, when the change amount of the difference between the slip ratios of the left and right sides of the vehicle determined from the wheel speed is large, it is determined that the road is a bad road, and data in such a state is rejected.
[0040]
(3) Next, a longitudinal acceleration (front-back G) rejection process is performed (step S3).
When the front / rear G is large, the tire idles and the rotational angular velocity Fi varies, so data in such a state is rejected. For example, the longitudinal acceleration FRA i of each tire is calculated by the following equation (13), where BV1 i is the wheel speed of each tire calculated at the sampling time before the sampling period ΔT (sec).
FRA i = (V1 i −BV1 i ) / (ΔT × 9.8) (13)
[0041]
If the following equation (14) is satisfied, the rotational angular velocity Fi is rejected.
[0042]
(4) Next, a low-speed rejection process is performed (step S4).
When the vehicle is at a low speed, the influence of the unevenness of the road surface cannot be ignored, and the rotational angular velocity Fi varies, so data in such a state is rejected. For example, when the vehicle speed V corresponds to the following equation (15), the rotational angular speed Fi is rejected.
V <Vth (for example, Vth = 10 (km / h)) (15)
[0043]
(5) Next, a turning travel rejection process is performed (step S5).
When the turning radius R during turning is small, the tire slips and the rotational angular velocity Fi changes, so data in such a state is rejected. For example, when the turning radius R corresponds to the following equation (16), the rotational angular velocity Fi is rejected.
R <Rth (for example, Rth = 30 (m)) (16)
[0044]
(6) Next, it is determined whether there is data to be rejected (step S6).
If there is no data to be rejected (no rejection), the process proceeds to step 7.
[0045]
(7) Next, wheel speed correction processing is performed (step S7).
As shown in the following equations (17) to (20) with respect to the wheel speed after initialization (processing for obtaining initial correction coefficients K1, K2 and K3) to eliminate the influence of the initial difference from the wheel speed. The wheel speeds V1 n , V2 n , V3 n , and V4 n are calculated with initial correction.
V1 1 = V1 (17)
V1 2 = K1 × V2 (18)
V1 3 = K3 × V3 (19)
V1 4 = K2 × K3 × V4 (20)
[0046]
Here, the initial correction coefficient K1 is a coefficient for correcting the difference in effective rolling radius due to the initial difference between the front left and right tires. The initial correction coefficient K2 is a coefficient for correcting the difference in effective rolling radius due to the initial difference between the rear left and right tires. The initial correction coefficient K3 is a coefficient for correcting a difference in effective rolling radius due to an initial difference between the front left tire and the rear left tire.
[0047]
(8) Next, the determination values DEL1, DEL2, and DEL3 are calculated from the equations (8) to (10) (step S8).
[0048]
(9) Next, the determination values DEL1, DEL2, and DEL3 are accumulated a predetermined number of times (number of data) N, for example, up to 60 times, and the accumulated values (DELLP1, DELLP2, and DELLP3) of the respective determination values are obtained (steps S9, S10). .
[0049]
(10) Next, after the judgment values for 60 times are accumulated, averaging is performed to obtain respective average values (DELAV1, DELAV2, and DELAV3) (step S11). After the average value is calculated, N, DELLP1, DELLP2, and DELLP3 are initialized to zero.
[0050]
(11) Next, an alarm determination process is performed (step S12).
This alarm determination process is performed using three determination values and respective determination conditions for each wheel tire as will be described below.
[0051]
(I) For the left front wheel tire (FL wheel), it is determined whether or not the average determination values DELAV1, DELAV2, and DELAV3 satisfy the respective air pressure decrease determination conditions A1 (step SS1). When all three judgment conditions A1 are satisfied, an alarm is issued to the driver. On the other hand, if not all of the three determination conditions A1 are satisfied (if any one is not satisfied, the same applies hereinafter), the process proceeds to step SS2.
[0052]
(II) For the right front wheel tire (FR wheel), it is determined whether or not the average determination values DELAV1, DELAV2, and DELAV3 satisfy the respective air pressure decrease determination conditions A2 (step SS2). When all three determination conditions A2 are satisfied, an alarm is issued to the driver. On the other hand, if not all of the three determination conditions A2 are satisfied, the process proceeds to step SS3.
[0053]
(III) For the left rear wheel tire (RL wheel), it is determined whether or not the average determination values DELAV1, DELAV2, and DELAV3 satisfy the respective air pressure reduction determination conditions A3 (step SS3). When all three judgment conditions A3 are satisfied, an alarm is issued to the driver. On the other hand, if not all of the three determination conditions A3 are satisfied, the process proceeds to step SS4.
[0054]
(IV) For the right rear wheel tire (RR wheel), it is determined whether or not the average determination values DELAV1, DELAV2, and DELAV3 satisfy the respective air pressure decrease determination conditions A4 (step SS4). When all three judgment conditions A4 are satisfied, an alarm is issued to the driver. On the other hand, when all the three determination conditions A4 are not satisfied, it is determined that there is no decrease in air pressure, and the process proceeds to step S1.
[0055]
Next, the present invention will be described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to such examples.
[0056]
【Example】
As a vehicle, a 4000cc-class left-hand drive passenger car that was transported after the tires of Dunlop SSPPORT 9000 (trade name) were mounted was prepared. For the vehicle (Example) equipped with a program that issues a warning based on the determination values DEL1, DEL2, and DEL3 in this embodiment (Example) and the vehicle (Comparative Example) equipped with a program that issues a warning only using the conventional determination value DEL A test was conducted. The results of the running test are shown in Table 1.
[0057]
(1) After adjusting the four-wheel tires to normal pressure with a load of 90 kg applied to the driver's seat and front passenger seat (driver seat (90 kg) + front passenger seat (90 kg)), 60 An initialization run was carried out on a German autobahn at ~ 200km / h.
[0058]
(2) Next, the air pressure of the left front wheel tire (FL) and the left rear wheel tire (RL) was reduced by 30% (reduced pressure) and the same course was run under the same speed condition.
[0059]
(3) Next, adjust the tires to normal air pressure again, with the driver's seat (left) 90 kg and the weight of 300 kg loaded on the left rear part of the trunk (driver 90 kg + loaded state of 300 kg on the trunk left rear part). I drove under speed conditions.
[0060]
[Table 1]
[0061]
In both of the present example and the comparative example, 30% decompression of the left front wheel tire (FL) and the left rear wheel tire (RL) could be detected.
[0062]
On the other hand, when 300 kg is loaded on the left rear part of the trunk, in the comparative example, a drop in the air pressure is erroneously detected and a false alarm is issued, whereas in this embodiment, a drop in the air pressure is not detected and the occurrence of a false alarm is prevented. I found out that I could do it.
[0063]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately determine the decrease in tire air pressure and prevent the occurrence of false alarms due to uneven loads.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a tire pressure drop detecting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an electrical configuration of the tire pressure drop detecting device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an example of a flowchart of the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is an example of a flowchart of the present embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Rotation information detection means 2
Claims (6)
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