JP2005040611A - 背椎伸延器 - Google Patents
背椎伸延器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
【解決手段】背椎手術に使用され、拡張したディスクスペースにインプラントを挿入する前に、二つの隣接する背椎を適宜の関係に一時的に位置決めして、ディスクスペースの高さを回復させる背椎伸延器において、該背椎伸延器が、本体と、該本体から延在し、該二つの隣接する背椎間のディスクスペースへの挿入により、該隣接する背椎を伸延するよう構成され、該二つの隣接する背椎を押すようにされるとともに、該二つの隣接する背椎の一つを押すための第1部分と、該二つの隣接する背椎の他の一つを押すための第2の部分とを有し、並びに前記ディスクスペースの復元高さ以下の高さを有する延長部と、該延長部が前記ディスクスペースに進入する深さを制限する手段と、を有する。
【選択図】図1
Description
発明の分野
本発明は損傷を受けた背椎のデイスクを取除いた後に残っている背椎間スペ−スの中に置かれる人工的融合のインプラントに関し、特にインプラントを挿入するための機器とその方法に関する。
損傷を受けた背椎の部分に対する長期間の安定を達成するため、融合が行われる。(組合わされた骨の連続したブリッジ(bridge)によって2個又はそれ以上の骨を一緒につなぐ。)当業者に公知なことは肉体内の融合であって、デイスクは部分的に削り取られ(隣接する背椎の間の)以前にはデイスクの物質によって占められていたこのスペ−スの中に骨が置かれて、より通常のスペ−スの関係を回復し且つ短期的には機械的な支持によって且つ長期的には背椎から背椎への骨の恒久的な組合わせ接着によって安定性を与えている。デイスクスペ−スの中で融合を起すためには、融合される背椎が、骨の硬化した外側のプレ−ト(端のプレ−ト)をつき破るか中に割込むかすることによって、挿入された骨の接合部がより導管の多い海綿骨と直接接触することができ、人体をだまして、治癒するよう促進させるが、コントロ−ルされるようにし、骨の造出と向い合った両方の背椎表面への接合部の治癒と両方によって促進し、これらは1つの連続した骨の部分となるように準備することが必要である。
以下は先行技術の装置と背椎のインプラントを挿入する方法の歴史である。1956年にラルフクロワ−ドは後に彼が記述した頚部の背椎の前の面を準備しその後これを融合させる方法と器具を開発した。クロワ−ドは手術で横切って融合されるデイスクを取除き、其の後調整ロッドの上に大きなフットプレ−トととがった先をもつドリルガイドを置き、隣接する背椎に当該とがった先を埋込んで、デイスクスペ−スに隣接する骨から不良箇所の取除きを可能とするように調整を維持した。大きなフットプレ−トが背椎の前面に対して坐っていたので、これは又ドリリングの深さをコントロ−ルするための固定された参考点としても役立った。不良箇所の除去は2つの向い合った背椎表面から互いに向い合った1部切除された弓形を残した。ドリリングのため単に仮に置かれたチュ−ブ状のドリルガイドはその後で完全に取除かれる。あけられた孔よりも相当に大きい直径の円筒形の骨のドエル(dowel)が既にドリルされた孔の中に打ち込まれた。クロワ−ドの方法の器具は前面における使用のために設計され且つこれに制限され、且つ頚部の背椎の領域のみに制限された。孔は中線であって骨髄がじゃまになる後の使用を妨げていた。
The Journal of Bone andJoint Surgery 39A巻 234−292頁 1957
Clinical Orthopedics 165巻 157−163頁 1981年
1.手順全体を通じて特にドリリングする前と移植組織の挿入後迄周囲の組織を保護することの機能不全。
2.手順の間に発生された破片、骨、軟骨を含むことの機能不全。
3.円筒形のドリル孔と骨の移植組織の接触を最適化できないこと、これらの直径の不適当な組合わせ、その結果の不工合なはまり。
4.ドリルする前に最適なドリルの寸法を決定できないこと。
5.ドリルする前に最適な量の伸延を決定できないこと。
6.隣接する背椎の間の通常のスペ−スの関係を回復するための伸延の量を最適化することができないこと。
7.手順を安全にするために背椎のカナ−ル(Canal)の中に(神経の根と硬質の袋の間に)十分な作業スペ−スを作り出すことができないこと。
8.ドリルガイドにフットプレ−トがないと、後のせまい公差によって必要とされるので、ドリリングが背椎の端プレ−トに平行であることを確実に保証できないこと。
9.向い合った背椎表面から等しく骨を除去することを保証できないこと。
10.背椎のカナ−ルの中で2つのドリル孔の適当な並んだ位置を決定することができないこと。
本願発明は一連の人工のインプラントを含み、その目的は損傷を受けたデイスクの摘出後に背椎間スペ−スを横切っての骨の融合に寄与し直接これを起させることである。このようなインプラントは構造的に負荷に耐える装置であり、骨よりも強く、背椎の間空の中に発生された相当な力に耐えることができる。本願発明の装置は複数の大きな寸法のセル及び開口部を有し、これはインプラントへの骨の接合及び相互の骨の接合を行うように隣接する背椎に肉体的な影響を与えるための自発の骨のような融合を促進する材料を装填されることができる。インプラントのケ−シングは更にインプラントの安定性を強化し融合を促進するために骨の内側への成長の表面を達成するためいくつかの公知の技術の何れかによって表面の組織を作るなどして処理される。
1.本願発明のものは周囲の組織の保護を与えることによってより安全である。外側のスリ−ブは、凡てのデリケ−トな軟い組織構造、神経、血管及び器官を色々な鋭い手術の器具及びインプラントの途の外に置く。更に手で保持される牽引子が最低の可能な領域を占め、手動の牽引に関連した伸びを避け、周囲の凡ての方向に且つ同時に周囲の組織の収縮と遮蔽を与え且つスム−スな曲面で専らこれを行うと云うことは手で保持される牽引子についての1つの改良である。
2.本願発明は器具又はインプラントの過剰の貫入の危険に対してこれを防止することを与えることによってより安全である。
4.本願発明はその方法が軟い組織に直接且つ過剰貫入による間接傷害から絶対的な保護を与えるのでより安全である。より効果的でありより効率的である駆動された器具の使用を安全にする。
5.本願発明は融合される背椎を手順を通してかたく保つ。
6.本願発明は融合される背椎を手順を通して揃えて保持する。
8.本願発明は、外側のスリ−ブを通して導入された凡ての器具は同心であり且つデイスクスペ−スを通して同様に中心をもち端プレ−トに平行である。
9.本願発明は間空をつぶそうとする高い圧縮力に逆らってインプラントの挿入を容易にする。若しもチエックされないと、インプラントの導入と押し進めることに抵抗し、取除かせる可能性が大きくなる。
11.本願発明は、特別な寸法のインプラントを用いる能力を増加させる。
12.本願発明においては、凡ての貫入する器具の端は鈍い面をもっている。
13.本願発明において、凡ての器具は過大な貫入を避けるため予め定められた深さでとめられている。
14.本願発明における外側のスリ−ブの設計は特定の手術の場所のスペ−スの制限に適合する。
16.本願発明において、中心部のシャフトの凹みをもつ特別に設計されたドリルビットがドリルによって生じらものを安全に集めることを可能とし、この集められたものはドリルビットと内側のスリ−ブを1つのユニットとして取除くことによって外側のスリ−ブを妨げることなく取除くことができる。
18.本願発明において、自発の骨の長いコアを強力に圧縮しインプラントの中に射出する特に設計されたプレスはインプラントそのものを通してこのコアを押出す。
19.本願発明において、特別に設計されたドライバ−摘出器はインプラントに取付けられて、オペレ−タ−によって計画的に取外される以外はインプラントからそれ自身を分離することなく挿入又は除去されることができる。
20.本願発明において予備伸延は作業スペ−スを増加させる。
22.本願発明における伸延器は、引続いての骨の除去のための中心を出すポストとして働く向い合った背椎の表面の間に自ら集中させる。
23.本願発明において、予備伸延により隣接する背椎の表面から等しく骨を取除くことを保証する。
24.本願発明において、予備伸延によって穿孔された孔と装置の間の正確な調和が得られる。
25.本願発明において、予備伸延によってドリリングが背椎の端プレ−トに平行であることが確実になる。
26.本願発明において、予備伸延によってドリリングの前に最適の伸延の決定をすることができる。
28.本願発明において、予備伸延によって移植に抵抗する間空を横切る圧縮負荷を解放することにより装置の挿入を容易にする。
29.本願発明において、予備伸延によって、挿入中の骨の裸になる可能性を減少させる。
30.本願発明において、予備伸延によって、ドリリングと云う取り消すことのできない事柄の前に、所要の並んだ位置、間隔及び平行度を与える。
32.本願発明において、予備伸延によって、向い合った背椎の圧縮負荷が、装置そのものは挿入される背椎を離れさせる必要がないように阻止されるので、インプラントを挿入され易くする。
35.本願発明は周囲の組織に全く危険がないので、鋭いねじ山又は表面の突起をもつインプラントの使用を可能とする。
36.本願発明は背椎のインプラントの装填を背椎のカナ−ルの外で且つ移植の前に行うことを可能とする。
切除、融合及び背椎の内部の安定を与えること、特に上述の3つの同時に1つの単独の手順として与えることは本発明の1つの目的である。
段階1a.手術に先立って透明な、適当に寸法を調整されたインプラントの型板が、APの横と軸方向の融合されるべき間隔のイメ−ジの上に重ねられて、最適のインプラントの寸法を選択し且つ所望のデイストラクションを決定する。
段階1b.患者は好ましくは伸延と椎骨を揃えることの両方を行うことのできる背柱の手術のフレ−ムの上に置かれる。
段階2.好ましい実施例において、標準の両側の(部分的な)切開が行われ、間隔に隣接する椎骨本体の後部のリッピング(lipping)(骨辺縁)が取除かれる。その代りにデイスク材料は何等取除かれる必要はない。好ましい実施例において、相互の間隔は両側の組になった半背椎弓切開術(semihemilamitomies)を実施し且つ背柱のカナ−ル(canal)に隣接するフアセット(facet)の接合の内部の相の1部切除することによって曝され、一方上と棘突起間の靭帯を保護する。
方法と器具
好ましい実施例において、隣接する背椎(V)の間のデイスク(D)は両側の組になった隣接する背椎の半背椎弓切開術によって近づかれる。好ましい実施例において、棘上の靭帯、棘突間の靭帯、棘状の突起、神経隆縁の部分、切り子面の接合部は保存される。しかしあまり好ましくはないがこれらの構造は取除かれてもよい。
後部の腰部背柱に対して前述したように代案として詳細前述した穿孔器法を用いることができる。
101 仮想線
102 デイスク貫入部分
103 前端
104 肩部分
106 バレル
108 凹み部分
109 平らな表面
110 クラウン
111 シャフト
112 減少径部分/6角形部分
113 可変の長い伸延器
114 開口部
115 6角形クラウン
116 ねじを切られた部分/スクリュ−
117 止め部分
118 スロット/雌孔
119 セットピン
120 短い伸延器
124 ラチエット
126 釘
128 ヘッド
134 突起
136 ノブ/キャップ
138 ソケット
140 外側スリ−ブ
142 歯のついた前端
144 チュ−ブ状シャフト
146 外側スリ−ブの部分
148 外の表面
152 バレル部分/平らな領域
154 スロット
160 ドライバ−キャップ
162 後の表面
164 内部の肩
168 平らな表面
170 内側表面
172 後端/表面
200 伸延器プラ−
202 前の部分
204 中の部分
206 後のハンドル部分
208 ソケット
210 シャフト
212 空洞
216 重量
218 フランジ
224 ハンドル
224 ハンドル
228 止め
230 ガイド表面
240 ドリル
242 内側スリ−ブ
243 上の部分
244 カラ−部分
246 係合部分
248 カラ−
250 切削ドリル
251 フル−ト
252 切削刃
256 凹み部分
270 穿孔器
272 器具
273 下の表面
274 ハンドル
276 シャフト
278 切削ア−ム
280 タップ
282 切削要素/タップの端
284 長手方向の溝
288 肩
290 ハンドル
294 ノ−ズ/チップ
296 ねじを切られた先端
300 穿孔器
302 切削刃
304 中空の孔/バレル部分
306 後の部分
308 ドライブユニット
310 スロット
312 反対方向の部材/係合機構
314 ハンドル部分
318 チップ
320 インプラントの骨の装填装置
321 L字形スロット
324 端のプラグ
326 プランジャ−シャフト
328 ねじを切られたシャフト部分
330 カラ−
332 回転ノブ
334 ノブ
340 開口部/スロット/2重の外側スリ−ブ
342 フオ−ク
344 円形フランジ/フットプレ−ト
346 突き出たア−ム
348 チュ−ブの部分
350 ドライバ−
352 チュ−ブ部
353 ねじを切られた部分
354 ノブ
358 中空シャフト
360 バレル
362 遠い端
364 スロット
366 ア−ム
379 前の表面
372 プランジャ−
374 キャップ
390 開口部
392 外側のねじ
394 キャップ/6角形の開口部
398 4角の突起
408 コルク抜き
420 2重ドライバ−キャップ
Claims (12)
- 背椎手術に使用され、拡張したディスクスペースにインプラントを挿入する前に、二つの隣接する背椎を適宜の関係に一時的に位置決めして、ディスクスペースの高さを回復させる背椎伸延器において、該背椎伸延器が、
本体と、
該本体から延在し、該二つの隣接する背椎間のディスクスペースへの挿入により、該隣接する背椎を伸延するよう構成され、該二つの隣接する背椎を押すようにされるとともに、該二つの隣接する背椎の一つを押すための第1部分と、該二つの隣接する背椎の他の一つを押すための第2の部分とを有し、並びに前記ディスクスペースの復元高さ以下の高さを有する延長部と、
該延長部が前記ディスクスペースに進入する深さを制限する手段と、
を有する背椎伸延器。 - 該本体は、取外し可能に該延長部に取り付けられている請求項1に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該進入深さを制限する手段は、該延長部と該本体との接合部にある該本体上の肩部であり、該本体が該ディスクスペースに進入するのを防ぐためのものである、請求項1又は2に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該進入深さを制限する手段は、該延長部と連動するヘッドを有し、該ヘッドは、該ディスクスペースに侵入するのを防ぐ寸法を有している、請求項1又は2に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該ヘッドの外形は低く、該二つの隣接する背椎からの該ヘッドの突出を最小にする請求項4に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該背椎伸延器は、該二つの隣接する背椎の少なくとも一つに係合する手段をさらに有する請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該係合する手段は、フォーク先である請求項6に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該延長部は、スムースでない表面を有する請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該スムースでない表面は、ラチェット状及び又はローレット状となっている請求項8に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該背椎伸延器は、該ディスクスペース及び該二つの隣接する背椎に保護的にアクセスする開口を有するスリーブと組み合わさり、該背椎伸延器は、該開口を貫通可能となっている請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該延長部は該ディスク空間への挿入を容易にするテーパー状の先端を有している請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の背椎伸延器。
- 該本体は、該本体の外表面に沿って縦溝を有する請求項1から11のいずれか一項に記載の背椎伸延器。
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US08/074,781 US5484437A (en) | 1988-06-13 | 1993-06-10 | Apparatus and method of inserting spinal implants |
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JP6119678A Division JPH078514A (ja) | 1988-06-13 | 1994-05-10 | 背椎のインプラントを挿入する機器と方法 |
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JP2004212571A Expired - Lifetime JP4000134B2 (ja) | 1993-06-10 | 2004-07-21 | 背椎伸延器 |
JP2007165520A Expired - Fee Related JP4134248B2 (ja) | 1993-06-10 | 2007-06-22 | 二つの部分からなる外側スリーブ |
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JP (2) | JP4000134B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100318703B1 (ja) |
AT (3) | ATE247928T1 (ja) |
CA (3) | CA2164859C (ja) |
DE (3) | DE69433088T2 (ja) |
DK (3) | DK0703757T3 (ja) |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP2008514365A (ja) * | 2004-09-29 | 2008-05-08 | ジンテス ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 侵襲性の少ない外科システム及び方法 |
KR101737907B1 (ko) | 2009-10-15 | 2017-05-19 | 신세스 게엠바하 | 임플란트 보유 시스템 및 뼈에 임플란트를 보유하기 위한 장치 |
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