JP2005040207A - Portable aromatic - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a portable aromatic which has a small size to be convenient for carrying and can stably effuse for a long time an aroma which is strong enough to be efficiently used as aromatherapy or the like. <P>SOLUTION: The potable aromatic includes a main body of the aromatic which comprises a rigid and porous body having a hydrophobic framework with communicating apertures of average diameters of 100μm or less and a protection layer formed on an outer surface of the framework and is impregnated with a liquid perfume, a container to store the above main body of the aromatic and an oilproof cushioning member to absorb shocks received by the above container, wherein the above container is equipped with apertures through which the main body of the aromatic touches the outside air and a pressing means to press and fix the above main body of the aromatic on the above cushioning member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a fragrance that maintains the fragrance of a liquid fragrance such as essential oil for a long period of time, and can be carried in a pocket of clothes, carried in an accessory such as a bag, or attached to the body as an accessory. It relates to the agent.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, pharmacological actions such as antibacterial action and anti-inflammatory action of essential oils have attracted attention as aromatherapy and aromacology. To use essential oils for aromatherapy and aromacology, add 1-2 drops of essential oil to hot water in a mug, etc., inhale steam containing aromatic components, or soak cotton in hot water containing essential oil. A common method is to place a lightly squeezed cotton near the eyes or nose. Since such usage is limited in place and time of use, there is a need for a portable fragrance that can smell a scent as needed on the go.
[0003]
Conventionally, what is called an odor bag is typical as a portable fragrance. This is a potpourri or powdery fragrance stored in a cloth bag, but unlike liquid fragrances, there is little transpiration of the fragrance component, so it is only necessary to enjoy the scent, but for aromatherapy, It is not useful for applications that can be effective only with a certain concentration of aromatic components. In addition, when carrying a custom-made scent blended with a plurality of scents for aromatherapy or preference, it is difficult to produce a desired scent from the difference in fragrance even if blended with a solid scent component.
[0004]
Under such circumstances, there is a demand for a portable fragrance that is easy to handle, in which a liquid fragrance including essential oil is impregnated into a portable carrier.
[0005]
As a portable fragrance using liquid fragrance, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a fragrance material filled with liquid fragrance, such as cotton, urethane, wood, etc., stored in a container having a hole for fragrance. Has been. Further, Patent Document 2 proposes an aroma capsule in which a sponge-like foam in which an aromatic liquid is impregnated is stored in a capsule container having a thin vent hole for releasing a scent. This fragrance capsule is used by being fitted into a recess that closes a part of the vent hole.
[0006]
Patent Document 3 proposes a fragrance stick made of a porous body having a fragrance mouth portion provided on the outer surface of a stick having a fragrance water retention portion formed with a capillary passage and having an fragrance mouth portion communicating with the water retention portion. Has been. However, there is no disclosure of a specific member or a specific material that is moderately aromad from the aroma mouth and does not aroma more than necessary even when external pressure or the like acts.
[0007]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-333970 A [Patent Document 2]
JP 2000-185089 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2002-306238 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As a portable fragrance using a liquid fragrance, it is required that the fragrance component can be volatilized to such an extent that the effect can be exerted, and that the fragrance period is maintained for a long time without deterioration of the fragrance component.
[0009]
However, permeable materials such as cotton and sponges all have a large surface area in contact with the outside air, and the volatilization rate of the aromatic liquid is high. This means not only that the fragrance duration is shortened, but also that the use of undiluted essential oil increases the amount of fragrance compounds that are accepted by the olfactory cells per unit time, and exhibits a suitable aromatherapy effect. It will not be possible. Although it is possible to obtain a suitable aromatherapy effect using diluted oil, the duration of aroma is only shortened more and more because the amount of liquid that can be impregnated is determined by volume. Therefore, there is no choice but to adjust the persistence of the scent by making the container's fragrance hole small.
[0010]
On the other hand, in order to impregnate as much liquid fragrance as possible with a small size, it is necessary to use a porous body having a high porosity. However, since the porous body having a high occupation ratio (porosity) of pores communicating with the outside is also a porous body having a large volatile surface area, the opening area of the container in contact with the outside air must be reduced. However, the small opening is only in a state where the aromatic component already volatilized from the porous material such as sponge is prevented from being released to the outside of the container while adhering to the inner wall surface of the container. It is in a state of being exposed to air and light than when it is being used, and the deterioration of the fragrance component is accelerated. The deterioration of the fragrance component over time is not limited to the fact that the fragrance is different from the initial one. In the case of aromatherapy, the pharmacological effect is reduced. It can even be toxic in combination with being expensive compared to.
[0011]
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and the purpose of the present invention is to stabilize a fragrance for a long period of time with a small size suitable for carrying and capable of exerting an effect as an aromatherapy. It is an object of the present invention to provide a portable air freshener that can continue to emanate.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The portable fragrance of the present invention comprises a fragrance main body obtained by impregnating a liquid perfume into a hard porous body having a protective layer formed on the outer surface of a hydrophobic skeleton having communication holes with an average pore diameter of 100 μm or less; A storage container for storing the fragrance body, and an oil-resistant cushioning member that absorbs an impact received by the storage container, the storage container having an opening for contacting the fragrance body with outside air; and Pressure means for abutting and fixing the agent main body on the buffer portion is provided.
[0013]
The storage container includes a storage portion and a lid portion, the oil-resistant buffer member is laid on the bottom surface of the storage portion, and a convex portion as the pressure applying means is attached to the lid portion, and It is preferable that the opening is opened. Moreover, it is preferable that the porosity of the said hard porous body is 40 to 80%.
[0014]
It is preferable that the protective layer is composed of a compound in which some elements are common to the hydrophobic skeleton constituent component, and the composition changes in a gradient from the hydrophobic skeleton to the protective layer. Is preferably a hydrophilic compound, in particular titanium oxide.
[0015]
When a protective layer made of a hydrophilic compound is formed, the hard porous body is produced by subjecting a molded body made of two or more inorganic powders to a combustion synthesis reaction in air or in an oxidizing atmosphere. In particular, it is preferable that the titanium powder and the carbon powder are produced by a combustion synthesis reaction in air or in an oxidizing atmosphere.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
One embodiment of the portable fragrance of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a fragrance main body, which is obtained by impregnating a liquid perfume into a pore portion 3 of a hard porous body 2 having pores having an average pore diameter of 100 μm or less communicating with the outside. The fragrance main body 1 is stored in a fixed state on a buffer member 20 laid on the bottom surface of the container 10 in a storage container 10 having a larger volume than the apparent volume of the fragrance main body 1.
[0017]
The hard porous body 2 is a ceramic in which the gap between the hydrophobic skeleton 2a having a three-dimensional network structure is a pore 3 communicating with the outside, and a protective layer 2b is formed on the outer surface. Liquid fragrances are generally oily, as typified by essential oils, so they are familiar with the hydrophobic skeleton 2a and are impregnated into the inside of the hard porous body 2 by capillary action, and are captured by the hydrophobic skeleton 2a. Since it is filled in such a state, it does not leak even if vibration or external pressure is applied.
[0018]
The reason why the average pore diameter of the pores 3 of the hard porous body 2 used in the present invention is 100 μm or less is that when it exceeds 100 μm, it becomes difficult to capture a liquid aromatic substance and may leak due to external pressure, vibration, etc. Because. Further, the porosity is preferably about 40 to 80%. In order to impregnate a sufficient amount of oil with a small size, the larger the porosity, the better. However, if the porosity exceeds 80%, it is difficult to maintain the outer shape of the hard porous body 2.
[0019]
Examples of the ceramic constituting the hydrophobic skeleton 2a include carbides such as titanium carbide and hafnium carbide; and nitride ceramics such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and titanium nitride.
Such a hydrophobic skeleton 2a can be easily produced by a combustion synthesis method disclosed in JP-A-2003-55063.
[0020]
The hydrophobic skeleton 2a forming the skeleton of the hard porous body 2 having a high porosity, in particular, the hydrophobic skeleton 2a produced by the above-described combustion synthesis method has low mechanical strength and is easily chipped by abrasion and impact. The protective layer 2b prevents the hydrophobic skeleton 2a from being chipped by covering the outer surface portion of the hydrophobic skeleton 2a so as not to block the opening portion communicating with the outside of the pores 3.
[0021]
The constituent material of the protective layer 2b is not particularly limited as long as it is higher in chipping resistance and scratch resistance than the hydrophobic skeleton 2a, but is preferably an oxide ceramic having excellent hydrophilicity such as titanium oxide or silicon oxide. The hydrophilic protective layer 2b plays a role of capturing moisture in the air and forming a thin water film on the surface of the hard porous body, and the volatilization rate of the liquid fragrance filled inside the hard porous body 2, in particular, This is because volatilization of a volatile fragrance component is suppressed, and even when a liquid fragrance in which a plurality of fragrance components are mixed is used, it can contribute to maintaining a desired fragrance over a long period of time. In addition, when the protective layer 2b is a titanium oxide layer, not only the suppression of volatilization of the aromatic substance by water molecule adsorption but also an effect based on the photocatalytic function inherent to titanium oxide can be expected. For example, the antibacterial effect of preventing fragrance alteration due to contamination with bacteria can be expected.
[0022]
The bonding method between the protective layer 2b and the hydrophobic ceramic skeleton 2a is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the bonding strength between them, some of the constituent elements of the protective layer 2b and the hydrophobic ceramic skeleton 2a are common and are inclined. It is preferred that the composition has changed.
[0023]
The hard porous body 2 in which the hydrophilic protective layer 2b changes in composition from the hydrophobic skeleton 2a in a gradient manner is obtained by subjecting a molded body composed of a mixture of two or more inorganic powders to a combustion synthesis reaction in air or in an oxidizing atmosphere. Thus, it can be easily manufactured. That is, inorganic powder of about 0.1 to 100 microns is mixed and formed into a columnar body, spherical body, rectangular parallelepiped, disk shape, plate shape, etc. corresponding to the final molded product, and ignited by discharge, laser irradiation, carbon heater, etc. Then, the combustion synthesis reaction may be started by locally heating the compact.
[0024]
The powder to be used may be appropriately selected according to the ceramic material to be finally obtained. Specifically, one of the powders to be reacted includes a metal such as titanium, zirconium, and hafnium. Is preferably used. For the other powder, non-metallic powders such as boron, carbon and silicon, or these compounds such as boron nitride and silicon nitride, or compound powders of these non-metals and metals such as aluminum boride and aluminum carbide should be used. Is preferred.
[0025]
For example, when a molded product of a mixed powder composed of titanium powder and carbon powder is subjected to a combustion synthesis reaction in air or in an oxidizing atmosphere, a titanium oxide ceramic layer is formed on the surface, and the inside becomes titanium carbide, from the titanium carbide portion. A hard porous body that gradually changes to the titanium oxide layer can be obtained.
[0026]
Liquid fragrances are volatile oils obtained from plant leaves, roots, bark, trunks, flowers, buds, etc. In addition to natural plant fragrances called essential oils, animal fragrances and synthetic fragrances are used as alcohol. Those dissolved in an organic solvent such as ether can be used. The method for collecting essential oils is not particularly limited, such as a steam distillation method, a pressing method, an extraction method, an oil adsorption method, and a solvent extraction method. Specifically, orange oil, lemon oil, lime oil, butyguren oil, yuzu oil, neroli oil, bergamot oil, lavender oil, lavazine oil, abies oil, bay oil, ylang ylang oil, sandalwood oil, labdanum oil, citronella Oil, geranium oil, peppermint oil, peppermint oil, subaamine oil, eucalyptus oil, lemongrass oil, baturi oil, jasmine oil, rose oil, cedar oil, vetiver oil, galvanum oil, oak moss oil, vine oil, camphor oil, sandalwood oil Etc. Animal flavors include incense and ghost cat incense. Synthetic fragrances include linalool, geraniol, citronellol, l-menthol, borneol, β-phenylethyl alcohol, n-nonylaldehyde, citral, cinnamic aldehyde, lyial, vanillin, camphor, yonon, ethylene brushate, galaxolide, linalyl acetate Etc. These fragrance | flavors can be used 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types according to the objective and liking.
[0027]
In the fragrance main body 1 having the above configuration, when the liquid fragrance is dropped directly on the hard porous body 2 with a dropper or the like, the liquid fragrance is filled to the inside by a capillary phenomenon. Therefore, when the hard porous body 2 having a high porosity is used, it is possible to impregnate the liquid fragrance in an amount corresponding to the pore volume substantially determined by the size and the porosity, and impregnate a large amount of liquid fragrance with a small size. Can be made.
[0028]
Next, the container 10 that stores the fragrance main body 1 will be described.
The storage container 10 used in this embodiment includes a storage portion 11 and a lid portion 12 that can be attached to and detached from the storage portion 11, and an oil-resistant buffer member 20 is laid on the bottom surface of the storage portion 11. At the center of the lid 12, an opening 13 that can come into contact with the outside air is opened. The opening 13 is formed with a cross-shaped bridging portion 14, and the pressure is applied to the center of the cross of the bridging portion 14. A convex portion 15 is formed. The height of the pressing convex portion 15 is higher than the space height h (h = H−a−b) obtained by subtracting the thickness a of the buffer member 20 and the thickness b of the fragrance body 1 from the in-container height H. The fragrance body 1 is pressed and fixed on the buffer member 20 by the tip of the convex portion 15 pressing the fragrance body 1 slightly. The tip portion of the pressing convex portion 15 is preferably a curved surface so that no force is locally applied to the hard porous body 2 and sharp scratches are not generated during sliding.
[0029]
Fixing the fragrance main body 1 on the buffer member 20 in the container 10 not only prevents the fragrance main body 10 from moving and rattling when carried, but also drops portable fragrance. Even when it hits, the impact received by the fragrance main body 1 can be reduced, and sliding between the fragrance main body 1 and the inner wall surface of the container 10 can be prevented. This protects the protective layer 2b and thus prevents damage and destruction of the hydrophobic skeleton 2a having low scratch resistance and impact resistance. That is, since the bonding area between the protective layer 2b and the skeleton 2a is extremely small and the chemical bond is weak, the protective layer 2b is more easily peeled off by friction and impact as the porosity is increased. When the hydrophobic skeleton 2a having low impact resistance and low scratch resistance due to the removal of the protective layer 2b is exposed, chipping is accelerated by external impact and scratching, and not only the sustained release mechanism of the hard porous body 2 is collapsed, This is because the powder generated by the chipping is scattered.
[0030]
The lid portion 12 may be of a type that covers by screwing, may be of a type that covers by fitting, or may be a type in which a portion integrated with the storage portion 11 is a hinge that opens and closes. There may be.
[0031]
The buffer member 20 has a cushioning function having a damping function so that the impact received by the storage container 10 does not propagate to the fragrance main body 1, and is excellent in oil resistance that does not deteriorate due to the liquid fragrance exuded from the fragrance main body 1. Materials are used. Specifically, polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam, oil resistant rubber and the like are used.
[0032]
The opening 13 is an opening for releasing a fragrance component released from the fragrance main body 1 to the outside. When the protective layer 2b is made of a hydrophilic substance, water is formed on the surface of the fragrance main body 1. It also serves as a moisture intake opening for forming a thin film of molecules. The area of the opening 13 (occupation ratio of the opening in the lid) depends on the porosity of the hard porous body 2 used in the fragrance body 1, the degree of volatilization of the liquid fragrance to be impregnated, the user's preference, the purpose of use, etc. It is adjusted accordingly.
[0033]
The portable fragrance according to the present embodiment having the above-described configuration retains the fragrance component of the hydrophobic skeleton 2a that holds the liquid fragrance by the double impact resistance and scratch resistance prevention mechanism such as the storage container 10 and the protective layer 2b. Keep the mechanism stable. Therefore, the impregnated liquid fragrance can continue to release the desired fragrance without deterioration for a long time. Further, by constituting the protective layer 2b with a hydrophilic compound, even when a high porosity hard porous body is used, the sustained release property is enhanced to ensure the long-term fragrance duration and the quality of the liquid fragrance. Is possible.
[0034]
The fragrance main body 1 used in the present invention can be used permanently as long as it is not broken or damaged. Therefore, when it is felt that the fragrance has decreased and becomes insufficient, the lid is appropriately opened, and the liquid fragrance may be dropped directly onto the hard porous body 2 using a dropper or the like. Since the liquid fragrance is impregnated inside by capillary action, the desired fragrance can be enjoyed again. In addition, even when the hard porous body 2 is spilled on the buffer member 20 during the dropping, the liquid fragrance is impregnated on the buffer member 20. Even when cast without being impregnated, it can be absorbed into the porous ceramics 2 by capillary action, so that it is easy to handle at the time of additional injection.
[0035]
In addition, in the said embodiment, although the opening part 13 of the storage container 10 was one place opened in the center part of the cover part 12, this invention is not limited to this, The two or more places are opened. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. What is necessary is just to select suitably according to the opening area etc. which are required. Even when the opening area is large, the water film formed on the surface suppresses the liquid fragrance from being directly exposed to the air, so that the fragrance component is deteriorated compared to the conventional porous carrier. It is suppressed.
[0036]
Further, in the above embodiment, the pressing means is the convex portion 15 provided at the center of the cross-shaped erection portion 14 erected in the opening 13, but the present invention is not limited to this. Any structure that can apply pressure so that the fragrance main body 1 can be abutted and fixed on the buffer member 20 may be used. An elastic member such as a spring may be used, or two or more convex portions may be provided at appropriate positions. Good.
[0037]
Furthermore, in the storage container 10 of the above embodiment, the lid 12 is detachable or openable, but the lid and the container main body may be integrally formed. If additional liquid fragrance is to be injected, it can be filled with a dropper or the like from the opening with the lid on.
[0038]
Furthermore, the shape of the fragrance body and the container in the portable fragrance of the present invention is not limited to the disk shape as shown in FIG. In the present invention, since the fragrance body is held and fixed in the container by the pressure means, it is not necessary to use a container having the same shape according to the size of the fragrance body. Therefore, it is possible to combine a simple fragrance body such as a disc shape with a container with a complicated shape such as a star or flower, so when carrying it as an accessory such as a necklace, brooch or key holder, A container that has been devised may be used, and the fragrance main body may have a shape that can be stored in the container.
Furthermore, the hard porous body that constitutes the fragrance main body may be any one in which a protective layer is formed on the outer surface of the hydrophobic skeleton, for example, on the surface of the porous body formed by intertwining ceramic fibers or carbon fibers. A protective layer may be formed.
[0039]
【Example】
Example 1:
A mixed powder having a titanium powder: carbon powder ratio of 1: 0.9 (molar ratio) was filled in a mold and press-molded to obtain a disk-shaped molded body having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. When a part of the surface of the molded body was ignited with a YAG laser in the air, the combustion wave progressed and the combustion synthesis reaction was completed in about 3 seconds. The hard surface was titanium carbide and the surface layer was titanium oxide. A porous material was obtained. This hard porous body had a relative density of 45% (porosity 55%) having pores communicating with the outside having an average size of about 10 to 20 μm. To this porous body, 1 cc of aroma oil was dropped to obtain a fragrance main body.
[0040]
Comparative Example 1:
As a porous body, an open-cell sponge (soft polyurethane foam) marketed as a kitchen sponge is cut into a disk shape having a diameter of 20 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and 1 cc of aroma oil is added dropwise to the aromatic body. did.
[0041]
Comparative Example 2:
An unglazed flower pot piece was used as a porous body, and 1 cc of aroma oil was dropped onto the fragrance main body.
[0042]
Comparative Example 3:
The surface layer produced by the same method as in Example 1 was obtained by rubbing the surface of the hard porous body of titanium oxide with a rough cloth to obtain a fragrance main body from which the titanium oxide layer was removed. The titanium oxide layer was removed by rubbing until the white portion of the surface layer disappeared and the black layer of the lower titanium carbide appeared.
[0043]
[Measurement evaluation]
(1) Transpiration of oil The fragrance main bodies of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 prepared above were left at room temperature, and the order until the smell of aroma oil was not felt when smelled was examined. . For reference, the transpiration of a drop of 1 cc of aroma oil on a glass plate was also examined.
In the order of the glass plate, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 1, the odor disappeared, and Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 retained the odor even when left abnormally for 2 months.
[0044]
Next, an expanded polystyrene sheet (thickness 2 mm), which is a closed cell type foam, is used as a buffer member in a storage container (size: diameter 25 mm × height 10 mm, circular opening diameter 7 mm) having the configuration shown in FIG. Laying and storing the fragrance body of Comparative Example 1 or Example 1 thereon, portable fragrances having Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 as the fragrance body were produced. When these portable fragrances were left in an atmosphere of 40 ° C. and humidity 60%, the fragrance duration of the portable fragrance of Comparative Example 1 was shorter.
[0045]
(2) Scratch impact resistance Two fragrance main bodies of Example 1 were prepared, one in a storage container (size: diameter 25 mm × height 10 mm, circular opening diameter 7 mm) having the configuration shown in FIG. The fragrance body was housed on a buffer member (expanded polystyrene sheet). The other one was directly stored in the same storage container. The prepared two portable fragrances were vigorously shaken up and down, left and right for 2 hours, then the lid was opened and the state of the fragrance body was visually observed.
[0046]
There was no change in the case where the cushioning member was laid, but in the case where the cushioning member was not laid, the white layer of the fragrance main body dropped off, and the black layer was partially exposed. Chips were seen. A large amount of white powder considered to be titanium oxide adhered to the inner wall surface of the container, and black powder considered to be titanium carbide was scattered in the container.
[0047]
【The invention's effect】
Since the portable fragrance of the present invention is excellent in sustained release properties, the fragrance body is impregnated directly without diluting the essential oil, and the aromatic component at a level suitable for aromatherapy and aromacology is volatilized for a long time. be able to. In addition, since the portable fragrance of the present invention holds the fragrance main body in the container, the design of the container can be freely selected regardless of the shape and size of the fragrance main body. Therefore, according to this invention, the portable air freshener of the design according to the specification of a portable air freshener can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a portable fragrance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a view showing another embodiment of a storage container according to the portable fragrance of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Air freshener main body 2 Hard porous body 2a Skeleton 2b Protective layer 3 Pore 10 Storage container 11 Storage part 12, 12 'Cover part 13 Opening part 15 Protrusion part 20 Buffering member

Claims (8)

A fragrance main body formed by impregnating a liquid perfume into a hard porous body having a protective layer formed on the outer surface of a hydrophobic skeleton having communication holes with an average pore diameter of 100 μm or less;
A storage container for storing the fragrance main body;
An oil-resistant cushioning member that absorbs the impact received by the storage container,
The storage container is a portable fragrance having an opening for allowing the fragrance body to come into contact with outside air, and having pressure applying means for abutting and fixing the fragrance body on the buffer section. The storage container includes a storage portion and a lid portion,
The oil-resistant buffer member is laid on the bottom surface of the storage unit,
The portable fragrance according to claim 1, wherein a convex portion as the pressure applying means is attached to the lid portion, and the opening portion is opened. The portable fragrance according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the porosity of the hard porous body is 40 to 80%. The said protective layer is comprised with the compound in which a part of element is common to the said hydrophobic skeleton structural component, The composition has changed in gradient from this hydrophobic skeleton to this protective layer. A portable air freshener according to claim 1. The portable fragrance according to claim 1, wherein the protective layer is made of a hydrophilic compound. The portable fragrance according to claim 5, wherein the hydrophilic compound is titanium oxide. The portable body according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein the hard porous body is manufactured by subjecting a molded body made of two or more inorganic powders to a combustion synthesis reaction in air or in an oxidizing atmosphere. Air freshener. The portable air freshener according to claim 6, wherein the hard porous body is produced by subjecting titanium powder and carbon powder to a combustion synthesis reaction in air or in an oxidizing atmosphere.

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