JP2005031557A - Norbornene base optical compensation film and method for manufacturing the same - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、薄型化が可能な光学補償フィルム、その製造方法、およびこれを用いた各種画像表示装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an optical compensation film capable of being thinned, a method for producing the same, and various image display devices using the same.
近年、液晶表示装置の軽量化、薄型化の要望に伴い、前記液晶表示装置内部に使用する光学部材に対する薄型化の要求も高まっている。前記光学部材の中でも、例えば、光学補償板についての薄型化の検討が広く行われており、ポリカーボネート樹脂製の延伸フィルムを用いた薄型光学補償フィルムが実用化に至っている（例えば、特許文献１参照）。 In recent years, with the demand for lighter and thinner liquid crystal display devices, there is an increasing demand for thinner optical members used in the liquid crystal display devices. Among the optical members, for example, studies on thinning the optical compensator have been widely conducted, and a thin optical compensation film using a stretched film made of polycarbonate resin has been put into practical use (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
しかしながら、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂製の延伸フィルムを用いた光学補償フィルムは、例えば、液晶パネル加工時や、耐候信頼性試験を行った際に、位相差変化が大きくなるという現象が見られる。このため、このフィルムを用いて作製した液晶表示装置は、液晶パネルの表示部において表示ムラが生じ易いという欠点がある。 However, in the optical compensation film using the stretched film made of the polycarbonate resin, for example, a phenomenon that a change in retardation is increased when a liquid crystal panel is processed or a weather resistance reliability test is performed. For this reason, the liquid crystal display device produced using this film has the fault that display nonuniformity tends to occur in the display part of a liquid crystal panel.
また、他のフィルムとして、シクロオレフィン樹脂製の延伸フィルムを薄型光学補償フィルムに応用することが提案されている。しかし、前記延伸フィルムを用いた薄型光学補償フィルムは、位相差変化を減少できるという利点があるものの、一方では、フィルムにおける発泡が原因となる外観欠点が多く見られ、歩留が悪いという問題がある。 As another film, it has been proposed to apply a stretched film made of cycloolefin resin to a thin optical compensation film. However, although the thin optical compensation film using the stretched film has an advantage that the change in retardation can be reduced, on the other hand, there are many appearance defects due to foaming in the film, and the yield is poor. is there.
さらに、ノルボルネン系樹脂製の延伸フィルムを薄型光学補償フィルムとして使用することが提案されている。しかしながら、光学補償フィルムは、液晶セルの種類等、その用途に応じて位相差を設定する必要があるが、所望の位相差を得るために厚型化してしまう傾向がある。具体的には、従来の光学補償フィルムでは、例えば、２００ｎｍ以上の位相差に設定するには、５５μｍ〜１５０μｍ程度の厚みが必要となり、２００ｎｍ未満の位相差に設定する場合においても、５０μｍを超え１２５μｍ程度の厚みが必要となっていた。さらに、これらの光学補償フィルムは、未延伸フィルムを延伸することによって位相差を発現させるが、前述の厚型化の問題を回避するために延伸倍率を上げると、例えば、光スジやムラが発生し、結果として外観上の問題が生じる。
そこで、本発明は、所望の位相差を有し、かつ、外観品位にも優れる薄型化の光学補償フィルムの提供を目的とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a thin optical compensation film having a desired phase difference and excellent in appearance quality.
前記目的を解決するために、本発明の光学補償フィルムは、ノルボルネン系樹脂製の光学補償フィルムであって、ノルボルネン系樹脂の光弾性係数が１０×１０-12〜１２×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎの範囲であることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above-mentioned object, the optical compensation film of the present invention is an optical compensation film made of a norbornene resin, and the photoelastic coefficient of the norbornene resin is 10 × 10 −12 to 12 × 10 −12 m 2 / N range.
発明者らは、鋭意研究の結果、前述のような従来のポリカーボネート樹脂フィルムは、その光弾性係数が１２０×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎと非常に大きく、これが原因となって大きな位相差変化が生じていること、一方、従来のノルボルネン系樹脂フィルムは、前記ポリカーボネート樹脂に比べて光弾性係数が４×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎと小さいため位相差変化は抑制できるが、位相差自体が発生し難く、２００ｎｍ以上の位相差を得るには、厚みが必要になるという知見を得た。そして、これらの知見に基づき、光弾性係数が１０×１０-12〜１２×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎの範囲であるノルボルネン系樹脂製フィルムであれば、例えば、前述のように加熱等による位相差変化が十分抑制され、かつ、薄型であっても所望の位相差を実現できることを見出したのである。また、このようなフィルムであれば、前述のような延伸による光スジの発生も防止できるため、外観上の問題をも回避できる。なお、本発明において位相差とは、特に記載のない限り、波長５９０ｎｍで測定した時の面内位相差値を言う。 As a result of intensive studies, the inventors have found that the conventional polycarbonate resin film as described above has a very large photoelastic coefficient of 120 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, which causes a large phase difference change. On the other hand, the conventional norbornene-based resin film has a small photoelastic coefficient of 4 × 10 −12 m 2 / N compared to the polycarbonate resin, so that the change in phase difference can be suppressed, but the phase difference itself occurs. However, it was difficult to obtain a phase difference of 200 nm or more. Based on these findings, if norbornene resin film photoelastic coefficient is in the range of 10 × 10 -12 ~12 × 10 -12 m 2 / N, for example, position by heating or the like as described above It has been found that a desired phase difference can be realized even if the change in phase difference is sufficiently suppressed and the thickness is thin. Also, with such a film, the occurrence of light streaks due to stretching as described above can be prevented, so that appearance problems can also be avoided. In the present invention, the phase difference means an in-plane retardation value when measured at a wavelength of 590 nm unless otherwise specified.
前記光弾性係数は、下記式で表され、下記式においてＣは光弾性係数、Δｎは複屈折率、σは応力を示す。なお、複屈折率Δｎは、「ｎｘ−ｎｙ」で表され、ｎｘおよびｎｙは、樹脂製フィルムにおけるＸ軸方向およびＹ軸方向の屈折率をそれぞれ示し、前記Ｘ軸方向とは、前記フィルムの面内において最大の屈折率を示す軸方向であり、Ｙ軸方向は、前記面内において前記Ｘ軸に対して垂直な軸方向である。なお、光弾性係数は、それぞれの樹脂に固有の係数である。 The photoelastic coefficient is represented by the following formula, where C is a photoelastic coefficient, Δn is a birefringence, and σ is stress. The birefringence Δn is represented by “nx−ny”, where nx and ny indicate the refractive indexes in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction of the resin film, respectively, It is an axial direction showing the maximum refractive index in the plane, and the Y-axis direction is an axial direction perpendicular to the X-axis in the plane. The photoelastic coefficient is a coefficient specific to each resin.
Ｃ＝Δｎ／σ C = Δn / σ
本発明の光学補償フィルムとしては、例えば、以下に示す第１の光学補償フィルムおよび第２の光学補償フィルムがあげられる。 Examples of the optical compensation film of the present invention include the following first optical compensation film and second optical compensation film.
前記第１の光学補償フィルムは、ノルボルネン系樹脂製の延伸フィルムであって、光弾性係数が１０×１０-12〜１２×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎの範囲であり、面内位相差（Re）が８０ｎｍ以上１９０ｎｍ未満であり、かつ、厚みが３０〜５０μｍである。従来の光学補償フィルム（例えば、４×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎのノルボルネン系フィルム）は、１９０ｎｍ未満の位相差を実現するには、５０μｍを超え１００μｍ程度の厚みになることが必要であったのに対して、前記第１の光学補償フィルムは、１９０ｎｍ未満の位相差を、３０〜５０μｍの厚みで実現できるのである。 The first optical compensation film is a stretched film made of norbornene resin, and has a photoelastic coefficient in the range of 10 × 10 −12 to 12 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, and has an in-plane retardation (Re ) Is 80 nm or more and less than 190 nm, and the thickness is 30 to 50 μm. Conventional optical compensation films (for example, 4 × 10 −12 m 2 / N norbornene-based film) have to have a thickness of more than 50 μm and about 100 μm in order to realize a retardation of less than 190 nm. On the other hand, the first optical compensation film can realize a phase difference of less than 190 nm with a thickness of 30 to 50 μm.
前記位相差値は、例えば、使用する液晶表示装置の表示モードに応じて適宜決定できるが、第１の光学補償フィルムにおいては、例えば、９０〜１８０ｎｍであることが好ましく、より好ましくは１００〜１７０ｎｍである。また、その厚みは、例えば、３５〜４５μｍであることが好ましい。このような位相差を示す第１の光学補償フィルムは、例えば、ＴＮ（ツイストネマチック）、ＳＴＮ（スーパーツイストネマチック）、薄膜トランジスタ（ＴＦＴ）、ＯＣＢ（Optically Aligned Birefringence）、ＶＡ（垂直配向；Vertical Aligned）モード等の液晶表示装置に使用することが好ましい。 The retardation value can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the display mode of the liquid crystal display device to be used. In the first optical compensation film, it is preferably 90 to 180 nm, and more preferably 100 to 170 nm. It is. Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness is 35-45 micrometers, for example. The first optical compensation film exhibiting such a phase difference is, for example, TN (twisted nematic), STN (super twisted nematic), thin film transistor (TFT), OCB (Optically Aligned Birefringence), VA (Vertical Aligned). It is preferably used for a liquid crystal display device such as a mode.
また、第２の光学フィルムは、ノルボルネン系樹脂製の延伸フィルムであって、光弾性係数が１０×１０-12〜１２×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎの範囲であり、面内位相差（Re）が１９０以上３００ｎｍ以下であり、かつ、厚みが４０〜６０μｍである。従来の光学補償フィルム（例えば、４×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎのノルボルネン系フィルム）は、１９０ｎｍ以上の位相差を実現するには、５５〜１５０μｍ程度の厚みになることが必要であったのに対して、前記第２の光学補償フィルムは、１９０ｎｍ以上の位相差を４０〜６０μｍの厚みで実現できるのである。 The second optical film is a stretched film made of norbornene resin, and has a photoelastic coefficient in the range of 10 × 10 −12 to 12 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, and an in-plane retardation (Re ) Is 190 or more and 300 nm or less, and the thickness is 40 to 60 μm. Conventional optical compensation films (for example, 4 × 10 −12 m 2 / N norbornene-based film) have to have a thickness of about 55 to 150 μm in order to realize a retardation of 190 nm or more. On the other hand, the second optical compensation film can realize a phase difference of 190 nm or more with a thickness of 40 to 60 μm.
前記位相差値は、例えば、使用する液晶表示装置の表示モードに応じて適宜決定できるが、第２の光学補償フィルムにおいては、例えば、１９０〜２９０ｎｍであることが好ましく、より好ましくは１８０〜２８０ｎｍである。また、その厚みは、例えば、４０〜５０μｍであることが好ましく、より好ましくは４０〜４５μｍである。このような位相差を示す第２の光学補償フィルムは、例えば、ＴＮ、ＳＴＮ、ＴＦＴ、ＯＣＢ、ＶＡモード等の液晶表示装置に使用することが好ましい。 The retardation value can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the display mode of the liquid crystal display device to be used. In the second optical compensation film, it is preferably 190 to 290 nm, and more preferably 180 to 280 nm. It is. Moreover, it is preferable that the thickness is 40-50 micrometers, for example, More preferably, it is 40-45 micrometers. The second optical compensation film exhibiting such a phase difference is preferably used for liquid crystal display devices such as TN, STN, TFT, OCB, and VA modes.
前述のような本発明の光学補償フィルムは、ガラス転移温度が１００〜１５０℃であることが好ましく、より好ましくは１１０〜１４０℃であり、特に好ましくは１１５〜１３５℃である。 The optical compensation film of the present invention as described above preferably has a glass transition temperature of 100 to 150 ° C, more preferably 110 to 140 ° C, and particularly preferably 115 to 135 ° C.
また、本発明の光学補償フィルムは、波長の増加に伴い面内位相差が小さくなる波長分散特性を示してもよいし、波長の増加に伴い面内位相差が大きくなる逆型の波長分散特性を示してもよい。具体的には、下記式（Ｉ）および（II）の少なくとも一方を満たすことが好ましい。 In addition, the optical compensation film of the present invention may exhibit a wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the in-plane retardation decreases as the wavelength increases, or a reverse type wavelength dispersion characteristic in which the in-plane retardation increases as the wavelength increases. May be indicated. Specifically, it is preferable to satisfy at least one of the following formulas (I) and (II).
Ｒｅ(450nm)/Ｒｅ(550nm)=０.９９〜１.０３ ・・・（Ｉ）
Ｒｅ(650nm)/Ｒｅ(550nm)=０.９８〜１.０２ ・・・（II）
Ｒｅ＝（ｎｘ−ｎｙ）・ｄ ・・・（III）
前記式（Ｉ）および（II）において、Ｒｅは、前記式（III）で表される前記光学補償フィルムの面内位相差を示し、Ｒｅ(450nm)は波長４５０ｎｍにおける面内位相差、Ｒｅ(550nm)は波長５５０ｎｍにおける面内位相差、Ｒｅ(650nm)は波長650ｎｍにおける面内位相差をそれぞれ示し、前記式（III）において、ｎｘおよびｎｙは、それぞれ前記光学補償フィルムにおけるＸ軸およびＹ軸方向の屈折率を示し、前記Ｘ軸方向とは、前記光学補償フィルムの面内において最大の屈折率を示す軸方向であり、Ｙ軸方向は、前記面内において前記Ｘ軸に対して垂直な軸方向であり、ｄは、前記光学補償フィルムの厚みを示す。
Re (450 nm) / Re (550 nm) = 0.99 to 1.03 (I)
Re (650 nm) / Re (550 nm) = 0.98 to 1.02 (II)
Re = (nx−ny) · d (III)
In the formulas (I) and (II), Re represents an in-plane retardation of the optical compensation film represented by the formula (III), Re (450 nm) represents an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 450 nm, Re ( 550 nm) represents an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm, and Re (650 nm) represents an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 650 nm. In the formula (III), nx and ny represent the X axis and the Y axis in the optical compensation film, respectively. The X-axis direction is an axial direction showing the maximum refractive index in the plane of the optical compensation film, and the Y-axis direction is perpendicular to the X-axis in the plane. It is an axial direction, d shows the thickness of the said optical compensation film.
つぎに、本発明の光学補償フィルムは、例えば、光弾性係数が１０×１０-12〜１２×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎの範囲であるノルボルネン系樹脂製の未延伸フィルムを延伸することによって製造できる。 Next, the optical compensation film of the present invention is produced, for example, by stretching an unstretched film made of norbornene-based resin having a photoelastic coefficient in the range of 10 × 10 −12 to 12 × 10 −12 m 2 / N. it can.
前記未延伸のノルボルネン系樹脂製フィルムは、光弾性係数が１０×１０-12〜１２×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎの範囲であれば制限されないが、前記光弾性係数は１０．５×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎ〜１１．５×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎがより好ましい。 The unstretched norbornene-based resin film is not limited as long as the photoelastic coefficient is in the range of 10 × 10 −12 to 12 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, but the photoelastic coefficient is 10.5 × 10 −. 12 m 2 / N to 11.5 × 10 −12 m 2 / N is more preferable.
また、前記未延伸のノルボルネン系樹脂フィルムのガラス転移温度（Ｔｇ）は、例えば、１００〜１５０℃であり、好ましくは１１０〜１４５℃であり、より好ましくは１２０〜１４０℃である。 Moreover, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the said unstretched norbornene-type resin film is 100-150 degreeC, for example, Preferably it is 110-145 degreeC, More preferably, it is 120-140 degreeC.
前記未延伸のノルボルネン系樹脂フィルムの厚みは、例えば、光学補償フィルムの所望の位相差や厚みに応じて適宜決定できるが、例えば、例えば、３０〜１００μｍであり、好ましくは３０〜９０μｍであり、より好ましくは４０〜８０μｍである。 The thickness of the unstretched norbornene-based resin film can be determined as appropriate depending on, for example, the desired retardation and thickness of the optical compensation film, and is, for example, 30 to 100 μm, preferably 30 to 90 μm. More preferably, it is 40-80 micrometers.
このようなノルボルネン系樹脂フィルムは、例えば、従来公知の方法に基づいて製造することができる。また、市販品を使用してもよく、例えば、商品名ＡＲＴＯＮ ＦＩＬＭ ＦＬＺＲ５０Ａ４（ＪＳＲ社製）、商品名ＡＲＴＯＮ ＦＩＬＭ ＦＬＺＲ７０Ａ４（ＪＳＲ社製）等があげられる。 Such a norbornene-type resin film can be manufactured based on a conventionally well-known method, for example. Moreover, you may use a commercial item, for example, brand name ARTON FILM FLZR50A4 (made by JSR), brand name ARTON FILM FLZR70A4 (made by JSR), etc. are mention | raise | lifted.
前記未延伸フィルムの延伸方法は、特に制限されず、例えば、フィルムの長手方向に一軸に延伸する自由端延伸や、フィルムの長手方向は固定しながら幅方向に一軸に延伸する固定端縦延伸等があげられる。また、その延伸条件は、例えば、未延伸フィルムの厚み、設定する光学補償フィルムの位相差および厚み等によって適宜決定できる。 The stretching method of the unstretched film is not particularly limited. For example, free end stretching that extends uniaxially in the longitudinal direction of the film, fixed end longitudinal stretching that stretches uniaxially in the width direction while fixing the longitudinal direction of the film, and the like. Can be given. The stretching conditions can be determined as appropriate depending on, for example, the thickness of the unstretched film, the retardation and thickness of the optical compensation film to be set, and the like.
前記第１の光学補償フィルムを製造する場合には、以下のような条件が例示できる。未延伸フィルムの厚みが４０〜６０μｍの場合、延伸倍率は、例えば、１．１〜２．２倍の範囲であり、好ましくは１．２〜２．０倍である。具体的に位相差が１４０ｎｍであって、厚みが４０μｍの第１の光学補償フィルムを製造する場合には、例えば、厚み４０〜６０μｍの未延伸フィルムを延伸倍率１．５〜１．６倍で一軸延伸を行う。また、具体的に位相差が１８０ｎｍであって、厚みが３８μｍの第１の光学補償フィルムを製造する場合には、例えば、厚み４０〜６０μｍの未延伸フィルムを延伸倍率１．８〜１．９倍で一軸延伸を行う。また、延伸温度は、例えば、１００〜１５０℃であり、好ましくは１１０〜１４０℃であり、より好ましくは１２０〜１３５℃である。 In the case of producing the first optical compensation film, the following conditions can be exemplified. When the thickness of the unstretched film is 40 to 60 μm, the stretch ratio is, for example, in the range of 1.1 to 2.2 times, and preferably 1.2 to 2.0 times. Specifically, when producing a first optical compensation film having a retardation of 140 nm and a thickness of 40 μm, for example, an unstretched film having a thickness of 40 to 60 μm is stretched at a stretch ratio of 1.5 to 1.6 times. Uniaxial stretching is performed. In the case of producing a first optical compensation film having a retardation of 180 nm and a thickness of 38 μm, for example, an unstretched film having a thickness of 40 to 60 μm is stretched to a stretching ratio of 1.8 to 1.9. Uniaxial stretching is performed at a magnification of 2. Moreover, extending | stretching temperature is 100-150 degreeC, for example, Preferably it is 110-140 degreeC, More preferably, it is 120-135 degreeC.
前記第２の光学補償フィルムを製造する場合には、以下のような条件が例示できる。未延伸フィルムの厚みが６０〜８０μｍの場合、延伸倍率は、例えば、１．６〜３．２倍の範囲であり、好ましくは１．８〜３．０倍である。具体的に位相差が２４０ｎｍであって、厚みが５０μｍの第２の光学補償フィルムを製造する場合には、例えば、厚み６０〜８０μｍの未延伸フィルムを延伸倍率２．２〜２．４倍で一軸延伸を行う。また、具体的に位相差が２７０ｎｍであって、厚みが４５μｍの第２の光学補償フィルムを製造する場合には、例えば、厚み６０〜８０μｍの未延伸フィルムを延伸倍率２．５〜２．６倍で一軸延伸を行う。また、延伸温度は、例えば、１００〜１５０℃であり、好ましくは１２０〜１５０℃であり、より好ましくは１２５〜１４０℃である。 In producing the second optical compensation film, the following conditions can be exemplified. When the thickness of the unstretched film is 60 to 80 μm, the stretch ratio is, for example, in the range of 1.6 to 3.2 times, and preferably 1.8 to 3.0 times. Specifically, when a second optical compensation film having a retardation of 240 nm and a thickness of 50 μm is produced, for example, an unstretched film having a thickness of 60 to 80 μm is stretched at a draw ratio of 2.2 to 2.4 times. Uniaxial stretching is performed. Further, when producing a second optical compensation film having a retardation of 270 nm and a thickness of 45 μm, for example, an unstretched film having a thickness of 60 to 80 μm is stretched to a stretching ratio of 2.5 to 2.6. Uniaxial stretching is performed at a magnification of 2. Moreover, extending | stretching temperature is 100-150 degreeC, for example, Preferably it is 120-150 degreeC, More preferably, it is 125-140 degreeC.
つぎに、本発明の偏光板は、本発明の光学補償フィルムを含む積層偏光板である。このような積層偏光板は、前記本発明の光学補償フィルムと偏光板とを有していればその構成は特に制限されない。 Next, the polarizing plate of the present invention is a laminated polarizing plate including the optical compensation film of the present invention. As long as such a laminated polarizing plate has the optical compensation film of the present invention and a polarizing plate, the configuration thereof is not particularly limited.
前記偏光板としては、例えば、偏光子のみであってもよく、前記偏光子の片面または両面にさらに透明保護層が積層されたものであってもよい。 As the polarizing plate, for example, only a polarizer may be used, or a transparent protective layer may be further laminated on one side or both sides of the polarizer.
前記偏光子としては、特に制限されず、例えば、従来公知の方法により、各種フィルムに、ヨウ素や二色性染料等の二色性物質を吸着させて染色し、架橋、延伸、乾燥することによって調製したもの等が使用できる。この中でも、自然光を入射させると直線偏光を透過するフィルムが好ましく、光透過率や偏光度に優れるものが好ましい。前記二色性物質を吸着させる各種フィルムとしては、例えば、ポリビニルアルコール（ＰＶＡ）系フィルム、部分ホルマール化ＰＶＡ系フィルム、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体系部分ケン化フィルム、セルロース系フィルム等の親水性高分子フィルム等があげられ、これらの他にも、例えば、ＰＶＡの脱水処理物やポリ塩化ビニルの脱塩酸処理物等のポリエン配向フィルム等も使用できる。これらの中でも、好ましくはＰＶＡ系フィルムである。また、前記偏光フィルムの厚みは、通常、１〜８０μｍの範囲であるが、これには限定されない。 The polarizer is not particularly limited, and for example, by dying dichroic substances such as iodine and dichroic dyes on various films by using a conventionally known method, dyeing, crosslinking, stretching, and drying. The prepared one can be used. Among these, a film that transmits linearly polarized light when natural light is incident is preferable, and a film that is excellent in light transmittance and degree of polarization is preferable. Examples of the various films that adsorb the dichroic substance include high hydrophilicity such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film, partially formalized PVA film, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer partially saponified film, and cellulose film. In addition to these, for example, polyene oriented films such as PVA dehydrated products and polyvinyl chloride dehydrochlorinated products can be used. Among these, PVA film is preferable. Moreover, although the thickness of the said polarizing film is the range of 1-80 micrometers normally, it is not limited to this.
前記透明保護層としては、特に制限されず、従来公知の透明フィルムを使用できるが、例えば、透明性、機械的強度、熱安定性、水分遮断性、等方性などに優れるものが好ましい。このような透明保護層の材質の具体例としては、トリアセチルセルロール等のセルロース系樹脂や、ポリエステル系、ポリカーボネート系、ポリアミド系、ポリイミド系、ポリエーテルスルホン系、ポリスルホン系、ポリスチレン系、ポリノルボルネン系、ポリオレフィン系、アクリル系、アセテート系等の透明樹脂等があげられる。また、前記アクリル系、ウレタン系、アクリルウレタン系、エポキシ系、シリコーン系等の熱硬化型樹脂または紫外線硬化型樹脂等もあげられる。この中でも、偏光特性や耐久性の点から、表面をアルカリ等でケン化処理したＴＡＣフィルムが好ましい。 The transparent protective layer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known transparent film can be used. For example, a layer having excellent transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy, and the like is preferable. Specific examples of the material for such a transparent protective layer include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyimide, polyethersulfone, polysulfone, polystyrene, and polynorbornene. Transparent resins such as polyethylene, polyolefin, acrylic, and acetate. Further, examples thereof include thermosetting resins such as acrylic, urethane, acrylic urethane, epoxy, and silicone, or ultraviolet curable resins. Among these, a TAC film whose surface is saponified with alkali or the like is preferable from the viewpoint of polarization characteristics and durability.
また、特開２００１-３４３５２９号公報（ＷＯ０１／３７００７）に記載のポリマーフィルムがあげられる。このポリマー材料としては、例えば、側鎖に置換または非置換のイミド基を有する熱可塑性樹脂と、側鎖に置換または非置換のフェニル基ならびにニトリル基を有す熱可塑性樹脂を含有する樹脂組成物が使用でき、例えば、イソブテンとＮ-メチルマレイミドからなる交互共重合体と、アクリロニトリル・スチレン共重合体とを有する樹脂組成物があげられる。なお、前記ポリマーフィルムは、例えば、前記樹脂組成物の押出成形物であってもよい。 Moreover, the polymer film as described in Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-343529 (WO01 / 37007) is mention | raise | lifted. Examples of the polymer material include a resin composition containing a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted imide group in the side chain and a thermoplastic resin having a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group and a nitrile group in the side chain. For example, a resin composition having an alternating copolymer composed of isobutene and N-methylmaleimide and an acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer can be used. The polymer film may be, for example, an extruded product of the resin composition.
また、前記透明保護層は、例えば、色付きが無いことが好ましい。具体的には、下記式で表されるフィルム厚み方向の位相差値（Rth）が、−９０ｎｍ〜＋７５ｎｍの範囲であることが好ましく、より好ましくは−８０ｎｍ〜＋６０ｎｍであり、特に好ましくは−７０ｎｍ〜＋４５ｎｍの範囲である。前記位相差値が−９０ｎｍ〜＋７５ｎｍの範囲であれば、十分に保護フィルムに起因する偏光板の着色（光学的な着色）を解消できる。なお、下記式において、ｎｘ、ｎｙ、ｎｚは、前述と同様であり、ｄは、その膜厚を示す。
Ｒｔｈ＝[{（ｎｘ+ｎｙ）/２}-ｎｚ]・ｄ
また、前記透明保護層は、さらに光学補償機能を有するものでもよい。このように光学補償機能を有する透明保護層としては、例えば、液晶セルにおける位相差に基づく視認角の変化が原因である、着色等の防止や、良視認の視野角の拡大等を目的とした公知のものが使用できる。具体的には、例えば、前述した透明樹脂を一軸延伸または二軸延伸した各種延伸フィルムや、液晶ポリマー等の配向フィルム、透明基材上に液晶ポリマー等の配向層を配置した積層体等があげられる。これらの中でも、良視認の広い視野角を達成できることから、前記液晶ポリマーの配向フィルムが好ましく、特に、ディスコティック系やネマティック系の液晶ポリマーの傾斜配向層から構成される光学補償層を、前述のトリアセチルセルロースフィルム等で支持した光学補償位相差板が好ましい。このような光学補償位相差板としては、例えば、富士写真フィルム株式会社製「ＷＶフィルム」等の市販品があげられる。なお、前記光学補償位相差板は、前記位相差フィルムやトリアセチルセルロースフィルム等のフィルム支持体を２層以上積層させることによって、位相差等の光学特性を制御したもの等でもよい。
Moreover, it is preferable that the said transparent protective layer does not have coloring, for example. Specifically, the retardation value (Rth) in the film thickness direction represented by the following formula is preferably in the range of −90 nm to +75 nm, more preferably −80 nm to +60 nm, and particularly preferably −70 nm. It is in the range of ˜ + 45 nm. When the retardation value is in the range of −90 nm to +75 nm, the coloring (optical coloring) of the polarizing plate due to the protective film can be sufficiently eliminated. In the following formula, nx, ny, and nz are the same as described above, and d indicates the film thickness.
Rth = [{(nx + ny) / 2} -nz] · d
The transparent protective layer may further have an optical compensation function. As described above, the transparent protective layer having an optical compensation function is intended to prevent coloring and the like, increase the viewing angle for good viewing, and the like caused by the change in the viewing angle based on the phase difference in the liquid crystal cell. A well-known thing can be used. Specifically, for example, various stretched films obtained by uniaxially or biaxially stretching the above-described transparent resin, alignment films such as liquid crystal polymers, and laminates in which alignment layers such as liquid crystal polymers are arranged on a transparent substrate. It is done. Among these, the alignment film of the liquid crystal polymer is preferable because it can achieve a wide viewing angle with good visual recognition, and in particular, the optical compensation layer composed of a tilted alignment layer of a discotic or nematic liquid crystal polymer is used as described above. An optical compensation retardation plate supported by a triacetyl cellulose film or the like is preferable. Examples of such an optical compensation retardation plate include commercially available products such as “WV film” manufactured by Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. The optical compensation retardation plate may be one in which optical properties such as retardation are controlled by laminating two or more film supports such as the retardation film and triacetyl cellulose film.
前記透明保護層の厚みは、特に制限されず、例えば、位相差や保護強度等に応じて適宜決定できるが、通常、５００μｍ以下であり、好ましくは５〜３００μｍ、より好ましくは５〜１５０μｍの範囲である。 The thickness of the transparent protective layer is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately determined according to, for example, the phase difference or the protective strength, but is usually 500 μm or less, preferably 5 to 300 μm, more preferably 5 to 150 μm. It is.
前記透明保護層は、例えば、偏光フィルムに前記各種透明樹脂を塗布する方法、前記偏光フィルムに前記透明樹脂製フィルムや前記光学補償位相差板等を積層する方法等の従来公知の方法によって適宜形成でき、また市販品を使用することもできる。 The transparent protective layer is appropriately formed by a conventionally known method such as a method of applying the various transparent resins to a polarizing film, a method of laminating the transparent resin film, the optical compensation retardation plate, or the like on the polarizing film. It is also possible to use a commercial product.
また、前記透明保護層は、さらに、例えば、ハードコート処理、反射防止処理、スティッキングの防止や拡散、アンチグレア等を目的とした処理等が施されたものでもよい。前記ハードコート処理とは、偏光板表面の傷付き防止等を目的とし、例えば、前記透明保護層の表面に、硬化型樹脂から構成される、硬度や滑り性に優れた硬化被膜を形成する処理である。前記硬化型樹脂としては、例えば、シリコーン系、ウレタン系、アクリル系、エポキシ系等の紫外線硬化型樹脂等が使用でき、前記処理は、従来公知の方法によって行うことができる。スティッキングの防止は、隣接する層との密着防止を目的とする。前記反射防止処理とは、偏光板表面での外光の反射防止を目的とし、従来公知の反射防止層等の形成により行うことができる。 The transparent protective layer may be further subjected to, for example, a hard coat treatment, an antireflection treatment, a treatment for preventing sticking or diffusion, antiglare, and the like. The hard coat treatment is for the purpose of preventing scratches on the surface of the polarizing plate, for example, a treatment for forming a cured film having excellent hardness and slipperiness composed of a curable resin on the surface of the transparent protective layer. It is. As the curable resin, for example, a silicone-based, urethane-based, acrylic-based, or epoxy-based ultraviolet curable resin can be used, and the treatment can be performed by a conventionally known method. The purpose of preventing sticking is to prevent adhesion between adjacent layers. The antireflection treatment is intended to prevent reflection of external light on the surface of the polarizing plate, and can be performed by forming a conventionally known antireflection layer or the like.
前記アンチグレア処理とは、偏光板表面において外光が反射することによる、偏光板透過光の視認妨害を防止すること等を目的とし、例えば、従来公知の方法によって、前記透明保護層の表面に、微細な凹凸構造を形成することによって行うことができる。このような凹凸構造の形成方法としては、例えば、サンドブラスト法やエンボス加工等による粗面化方式や、前述のような透明樹脂に透明微粒子を配合して前記透明保護層を形成する方式等があげられる。 The anti-glare treatment is intended to prevent visual interference of the light transmitted through the polarizing plate due to reflection of external light on the surface of the polarizing plate, for example, on the surface of the transparent protective layer by a conventionally known method, This can be done by forming a fine uneven structure. Examples of a method for forming such a concavo-convex structure include a roughening method by sandblasting or embossing, a method of forming the transparent protective layer by blending transparent fine particles in the transparent resin as described above, and the like. It is done.
前記透明微粒子としては、例えば、シリカ、アルミナ、チタニア、ジルコニア、酸化錫、酸化インジウム、酸化カドミウム、酸化アンチモン等があげられ、この他にも導電性を有する無機系微粒子や、架橋または未架橋のポリマー粒状物等から構成される有機系微粒子等を使用することもできる。前記透明微粒子の平均粒径は、特に制限されないが、例えば、０．５〜２０μｍの範囲である。また、前記透明微粒子の配合割合は、特に制限されないが、一般に、前述のような透明樹脂１００質量部あたり２〜７０質量部の範囲が好ましく、より好ましくは５〜５０質量部の範囲である。 Examples of the transparent fine particles include silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, tin oxide, indium oxide, cadmium oxide, antimony oxide, and the like. In addition, conductive inorganic fine particles, crosslinked or uncrosslinked Organic fine particles composed of polymer particles and the like can also be used. The average particle size of the transparent fine particles is not particularly limited, but is, for example, in the range of 0.5 to 20 μm. The blending ratio of the transparent fine particles is not particularly limited, but is generally preferably in the range of 2 to 70 parts by mass and more preferably in the range of 5 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the transparent resin as described above.
前記透明微粒子を配合したアンチグレア層は、例えば、透明保護層そのものとして使用することもでき、また、透明保護層表面に塗工層等として形成されてもよい。さらに、前記アンチグレア層は、偏光板透過光を拡散して視角を拡大するための拡散層（視覚補償機能等）を兼ねるものであってもよい。 The antiglare layer containing the transparent fine particles can be used as, for example, the transparent protective layer itself, or may be formed as a coating layer on the surface of the transparent protective layer. Furthermore, the anti-glare layer may also serve as a diffusion layer (visual compensation function or the like) for diffusing the light transmitted through the polarizing plate to expand the viewing angle.
なお、前記反射防止層、スティッキング防止層、拡散層、アンチグレア層等は、前記透明保護層とは別個に、例えば、これらの層を設けたシート等から構成される光学層として、偏光板に積層してもよい。 The antireflection layer, anti-sticking layer, diffusion layer, anti-glare layer, etc. are laminated on the polarizing plate as an optical layer composed of, for example, a sheet provided with these layers, separately from the transparent protective layer. May be.
各構成物同士（光学補償フィルム、偏光子、透明保護層等）の積層方法は、特に制限されず、従来公知の方法によって行うことができる。一般には、前述と同様の粘着剤や接着剤等が使用でき、その種類は、前記各構成物の材質等によって適宜決定できる。前記接着剤としては、例えば、アクリル系、ビニルアルコール系、シリコーン系、ポリエステル系、ポリウレタン系、ポリエーテル系等のポリマー製接着剤や、ゴム系接着剤等があげられる。前述のような粘着剤、接着剤は、例えば、湿度や熱の影響によっても剥がれ難く、光透過率や偏光度にも優れる。具体的には、前記偏光子がＰＶＡ系フィルムの場合、例えば、接着処理の安定性等の点から、ＰＶＡ系接着剤が好ましい。これらの接着剤や粘着剤は、例えば、そのまま偏光子や透明保護層の表面に塗布してもよいし、前記接着剤や粘着剤から構成されたテープやシートのような層を前記表面に配置してもよい。また、例えば、水溶液として調製した場合、必要に応じて、他の添加剤や、酸等の触媒を配合してもよい。なお、前記接着剤を塗布する場合は、例えば、前記接着剤水溶液に、さらに、他の添加剤や、酸等の触媒を配合してもよい。このような接着層の厚みは、特に制限されないが、例えば、１ｎｍ〜５００ｎｍであり、好ましくは１０ｎｍ〜３００ｎｍであり、より好ましくは２０ｎｍ〜１００ｎｍである。特に限定されず、例えば、アクリル系ポリマーやビニルアルコール系ポリマー等の接着剤等を使用した従来公知の方法が採用できる。これらの接着剤は、例えば、その水溶液を前記各構成物表面に塗工し、乾燥すること等によって使用できる。前記水溶液には、例えば、必要に応じて、他の添加剤や、酸等の触媒も配合できる。これらの中でも、前記接着剤としては、ＰＶＡフィルムとの接着性に優れる点から、ＰＶＡ系接着剤が好ましい。 The method for laminating the components (optical compensation film, polarizer, transparent protective layer, etc.) is not particularly limited, and can be performed by a conventionally known method. In general, the same pressure-sensitive adhesives and adhesives as described above can be used, and the type thereof can be appropriately determined depending on the material of each component. Examples of the adhesive include polymer adhesives such as acrylic, vinyl alcohol, silicone, polyester, polyurethane, and polyether, and rubber adhesives. The pressure-sensitive adhesives and adhesives as described above are hardly peeled off due to, for example, the influence of humidity and heat, and are excellent in light transmittance and degree of polarization. Specifically, when the polarizer is a PVA-based film, for example, a PVA-based adhesive is preferable from the viewpoint of the stability of the adhesion treatment. These adhesives and pressure-sensitive adhesives may be applied to the surface of the polarizer or the transparent protective layer as they are, for example, or a layer such as a tape or sheet composed of the adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive is disposed on the surface. May be. For example, when prepared as an aqueous solution, other additives and catalysts such as acids may be blended as necessary. In addition, when apply | coating the said adhesive agent, you may mix | blend another additive and catalysts, such as an acid, with the said adhesive agent aqueous solution, for example. The thickness of such an adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 1 nm to 500 nm, preferably 10 nm to 300 nm, and more preferably 20 nm to 100 nm. The method is not particularly limited, and for example, a conventionally known method using an adhesive such as an acrylic polymer or a vinyl alcohol polymer can be employed. These adhesives can be used by, for example, applying the aqueous solution to the surface of each component and drying. In the aqueous solution, for example, other additives and a catalyst such as an acid can be blended as necessary. Among these, as the adhesive, a PVA adhesive is preferable from the viewpoint of excellent adhesiveness with a PVA film.
さらに、本発明の光学補償フィルムは、前述のような偏光板の他にも、例えば、各種位相差板、拡散制御フィルム、輝度向上フィルム等、従来公知の光学部材と組み合わせて使用することもできる。前記位相差板としては、例えば、ポリマーフィルムを一軸延伸または二軸延伸したもの、Ｚ軸配向処理したもの、液晶性高分子の塗工膜等があげられる。前記拡散制御フィルムとしては、例えば、拡散、散乱、屈折を利用したフィルムがあげられ、これらは、例えば、視野角の制御や、解像度に関わるギラツキや散乱光の制御等に使用することができる。前記輝度向上フィルムとしては、例えば、コレステリック液晶の選択反射と１／４波長板（λ／４板）とを用いた輝度向上フィルムや、偏光方向による異方性散乱を利用した散乱フィルム等が使用できる。また、前記傾斜光学補償フィルムは、例えば、ワイヤーグリッド型偏光子と組み合わせることもできる。 Furthermore, the optical compensation film of the present invention can be used in combination with conventionally known optical members such as various retardation plates, diffusion control films, brightness enhancement films, etc. in addition to the polarizing plate as described above. . Examples of the retardation plate include a uniaxially or biaxially stretched polymer film, a Z-axis aligned treatment, a liquid crystalline polymer coating film, and the like. Examples of the diffusion control film include films utilizing diffusion, scattering, and refraction, and these can be used for, for example, control of viewing angle, glare related to resolution, and control of scattered light. As the brightness enhancement film, for example, a brightness enhancement film using selective reflection of a cholesteric liquid crystal and a quarter wavelength plate (λ / 4 plate), a scattering film using anisotropic scattering by the polarization direction, or the like is used. it can. Moreover, the said inclination optical compensation film can also be combined with a wire grid type polarizer, for example.
本発明の積層偏光板は、実用に際して、前記本発明の光学補償フィルムの他に、さらに他の光学層を含んでもよい。前記光学層としては、例えば、以下に示すような偏光板、反射板、半透過反射板、輝度向上フィルム等、液晶表示装置等の形成に使用される、従来公知の各種光学層があげられる。これらの光学層は、一種類でもよいし、二種類以上を併用してもよく、また、一層でもよいし、二層以上を積層してもよい。このような光学層をさらに含む積層偏光板は、例えば、光学補償機能を有する一体型偏光板として使用することが好ましく、例えば、液晶セル表面に配置する等、各種画像表示装置への使用に適している。 In practical use, the laminated polarizing plate of the present invention may further contain other optical layers in addition to the optical compensation film of the present invention. Examples of the optical layer include conventionally known various optical layers used for forming a liquid crystal display device and the like such as a polarizing plate, a reflecting plate, a transflective plate, and a brightness enhancement film as shown below. One kind of these optical layers may be used, two or more kinds may be used in combination, one layer may be used, or two or more layers may be laminated. The laminated polarizing plate further including such an optical layer is preferably used as an integrated polarizing plate having an optical compensation function, for example, and is suitable for use in various image display devices such as being disposed on the surface of a liquid crystal cell. ing.
また、前述のような本発明の光学補償フィルムや積層偏光板は、例えば、液晶セル等の他の部材への積層が容易になることから、その片面または両面に粘着剤層を有していることが好ましい。前記粘着剤層の材料としては、特に制限されずアクリル系ポリマー、シリコーン系ポリマー、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリエーテル、合成ゴム等のポリマーを適宜ベースポリマーとして調製された、従来公知の材料が使用でき、特に、吸湿による発泡や剥離の防止、熱膨張差等による光学特性の低下や液晶セルの反り防止、ひいては高品質で耐久性に優れる液晶表示装置の形成性等の点より、例えば、吸湿率が低くて耐熱性に優れる粘着剤層となることが好ましい。また、微粒子を含有して光拡散性を示す粘着剤層等でもよい。前記偏光板表面への前記粘着剤層の形成は、例えば、各種粘着材料の溶液または溶融液を、流延や塗工等の展開方式により、前記偏光板の所定の面に直接添加して層を形成する方式や、同様にして後述するセパレータ上に粘着剤層を形成させて、それを前記偏光板の所定面に移着する方式等によって行うことができる。 Moreover, since the optical compensation film and laminated polarizing plate of the present invention as described above can be easily laminated on other members such as a liquid crystal cell, it has an adhesive layer on one or both sides thereof. It is preferable. The material for the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known material prepared by appropriately using a polymer such as an acrylic polymer, silicone polymer, polyester, polyurethane, polyether, and synthetic rubber as a base polymer can be used. In particular, in terms of prevention of foaming and peeling due to moisture absorption, deterioration of optical characteristics due to differences in thermal expansion, warpage of liquid crystal cells, and formation of a liquid crystal display device with high quality and durability, for example, moisture absorption is The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is preferably low and excellent in heat resistance. Moreover, the adhesive layer etc. which contain microparticles | fine-particles and show light diffusibility may be sufficient. The pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed on the surface of the polarizing plate by, for example, adding a solution or a melt of various pressure-sensitive adhesive materials directly to a predetermined surface of the polarizing plate by a developing method such as casting or coating. In the same manner, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is formed on a separator, which will be described later, and transferred to a predetermined surface of the polarizing plate.
このように光学補償フィルムや積層偏光板に設けた粘着剤層の表面が露出する場合は、前記粘着剤層を実用に供するまでの間、汚染防止等を目的として、ライナー（セパレータ）によって前記表面をカバーすることが好ましい。このライナーは、前記透明保護フィルム等のような適当なフィルムに、必要に応じて、シリコーン系、長鎖アルキル系、フッ素系、硫化モリブデン等の剥離剤による剥離コートを設ける方法等によって形成できる。なお、前記粘着剤層の厚みは、特に制限されないが、前述と同様である。 Thus, when the surface of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer provided on the optical compensation film or the laminated polarizing plate is exposed, the surface is used by a liner (separator) for the purpose of preventing contamination until the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is put to practical use. It is preferable to cover. This liner can be formed on a suitable film such as the above-mentioned transparent protective film by a method of providing a release coat with a release agent such as silicone, long chain alkyl, fluorine, or molybdenum sulfide, if necessary. The thickness of the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but is the same as described above.
以上のような本発明の光学補償フィルムや積層偏光板、各種光学部材（光学層をさらに積層した各種偏光板）を形成する偏光フィルム、透明保護層、光学層、粘着剤層等の各層は、例えば、サリチル酸エステル系化合物、ベンゾフェノン系化合物、ベンゾトリアゾール系化合物、シアノアクリレート系化合物、ニッケル錯塩系化合物等の紫外線吸収剤で適宜処理することによって、紫外線吸収能を持たせたものでもよい。 Each layer such as the optical compensation film and laminated polarizing plate of the present invention as described above, a polarizing film forming various optical members (various polarizing plates further laminated with an optical layer), a transparent protective layer, an optical layer, an adhesive layer, For example, it may have an ultraviolet absorbing ability by appropriately treating with an ultraviolet absorber such as a salicylic acid ester compound, a benzophenone compound, a benzotriazole compound, a cyanoacrylate compound, or a nickel complex compound.
本発明の光学補償フィルムや積層偏光板は、前述のように、液晶パネル、液晶表示装置等の各種装置の形成に使用することが好ましい。 As described above, the optical compensation film and laminated polarizing plate of the present invention are preferably used for forming various devices such as liquid crystal panels and liquid crystal display devices.
本発明の液晶パネルは、前記本発明の光学補償フィルムまたは積層偏光板を液晶セルの少なくとも一方の表面に配置することを特徴とするが、本発明の光学補償フィルムまたは積層偏光板を使用する以外は、特に制限されず、従来公知の構成があげられる。 The liquid crystal panel of the present invention is characterized in that the optical compensation film or laminated polarizing plate of the present invention is disposed on at least one surface of a liquid crystal cell, except that the optical compensation film or laminated polarizing plate of the present invention is used. Is not particularly limited, and includes conventionally known configurations.
前記液晶セルの両面に、本発明の光学補償フィルムや積層偏光板を設ける場合、これらは同じ種類のものでもよいし、異なっていてもよい。さらに、本発明の液晶セルを用いて液晶表示装置を形成する際には、例えば、プリズムアレイシートやレンズアレイシート、光拡散板やバックライト等の適当な部品を、適当な位置に１層または２層以上配置することができる。 When providing the optical compensation film and laminated polarizing plate of this invention on both surfaces of the said liquid crystal cell, these may be the same kind and may differ. Furthermore, when forming a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal cell of the present invention, for example, an appropriate component such as a prism array sheet, a lens array sheet, a light diffusing plate, or a backlight is placed in one layer at an appropriate position. Two or more layers can be arranged.
液晶表示装置を形成する前記液晶セルの種類は、例えば、ＴＦＴ型に代表されるアクティブマトリクス駆動型のもの、ＴＮ型やＳＴＮ型に代表される単純マトリクス駆動型のもの等、種々のタイプの液晶セルが使用できる。これらの中でも、表示方式が、ＴＮモード、ＳＴＮモード、ＯＣＢモードである液晶セルへの使用が好ましい。また、ＶＡモード等であっても、液晶の配向がモノドメイン配向である場合には、このような液晶セルにも適用できる。 The types of the liquid crystal cells forming the liquid crystal display device include various types of liquid crystal such as an active matrix drive type represented by a TFT type and a simple matrix drive type represented by a TN type or STN type. The cell can be used. Among these, the use for the liquid crystal cell whose display system is TN mode, STN mode, or OCB mode is preferable. Further, even in the VA mode or the like, it can be applied to such a liquid crystal cell when the alignment of the liquid crystal is a monodomain alignment.
さらに、本発明の液晶表示装置は、本発明の液晶パネルを含む以外は、特に制限されない。また、さらに光源を有してもよく、前記光源としては、特に制限されないが、例えば、光のエネルギーが有効に使用できることから、例えば、偏光を出射する平面光源であることが好ましい。 Further, the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is not particularly limited except that it includes the liquid crystal panel of the present invention. Further, the light source may further include a light source. The light source is not particularly limited, but is preferably a flat light source that emits polarized light, for example, because light energy can be used effectively.
なお、本発明の光学補償フィルムや積層偏光板は、前述のような液晶表示装置には限定されず、例えば、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス（ＥＬ）ディスプレイ、ＰＤＰ、プラズマディスプレイ（ＰＤ）およびＦＥＤ（電界放出ディスプレイ：Field Emission Display）等の自発光型表示装置にも使用できる。なお、これらの表示装置においては、従来の光学補償フィルムや偏光板に代えて、本発明の光学補償フィルムや積層偏光板を使用する以外は、特に制限されない。 The optical compensation film and the laminated polarizing plate of the present invention are not limited to the liquid crystal display device as described above. For example, an organic electroluminescence (EL) display, PDP, plasma display (PD) and FED (field emission display) : Field Emission Display) and other self-luminous display devices. These display devices are not particularly limited except that the optical compensation film and laminated polarizing plate of the present invention are used in place of the conventional optical compensation film and polarizing plate.
次に、実施例および比較例を用いて、本発明の光学補償フィルムをさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。なお、下記実施例および比較例において、光補償フィルムの位相差は、王子計測機器社製の商品名ＫＯＢＲＡ21ＡＤＨを用いて５９０ｎｍにおける屈折率を測定し、波長分散特性を算出する場合は、４５０ｎｍ、５５０ｎｍおよび６５０ｎｍの波長で屈折率を測定した。 Next, the optical compensation film of the present invention will be described in more detail using Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these. In the following Examples and Comparative Examples, the phase difference of the optical compensation film is determined by measuring the refractive index at 590 nm using a trade name KOBRA21ADH manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments, and calculating the wavelength dispersion characteristics by 450 nm and 550 nm. And the refractive index was measured at a wavelength of 650 nm.
光弾性係数１１×１０-12 ｍ2/Ｎ、ガラス転移温度（Ｔｇ）１２５℃、厚み５０μｍであるノルボルネン系樹脂製の未延伸フィルムを、１２８℃の雰囲気下で、一軸方向に１.５２６倍に延伸し、厚み４０μｍの光学補償フィルムを得た。この光学補償フィルムの位相差は、１４０ｎｍであった。 An unstretched film made of norbornene resin having a photoelastic coefficient of 11 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 125 ° C., and a thickness of 50 μm is 1.526 times in a uniaxial direction in an atmosphere of 128 ° C. To obtain an optical compensation film having a thickness of 40 μm. The retardation of this optical compensation film was 140 nm.
光弾性係数１１×１０-12 ｍ2/Ｎ、Ｔｇ１２５℃、厚み７０μｍのノルボルネン系樹脂製の未延伸フィルムを、１３３℃の雰囲気下で、一軸方向に２.５５２倍延伸し、厚み４５μｍの光学補償フィルムを得た。この光学補償フィルムの位相差は、２７０ｎｍであった。 An unstretched film made of a norbornene resin having a photoelastic coefficient of 11 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, Tg of 125 ° C., and a thickness of 70 μm is stretched 2.552 times in a uniaxial direction in an atmosphere of 133 ° C. A compensation film was obtained. The retardation of this optical compensation film was 270 nm.
（比較例１）
光弾性係数４×１０-12 ｍ2/Ｎ、Ｔｇ１７０℃、厚み１００μｍのノルボルネン系樹脂製の未延伸フィルムを、１７０℃の雰囲気下で、一軸方向に１.３２５倍延伸し、厚み９２μｍの光学補償フィルムを得た。この光学補償フィルムの位相差は、１４０ｎｍであった。
(Comparative Example 1)
An unstretched film made of norbornene resin having a photoelastic coefficient of 4 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, Tg of 170 ° C. and a thickness of 100 μm is stretched by 1.325 times in a uniaxial direction in an atmosphere of 170 ° C. A compensation film was obtained. The retardation of this optical compensation film was 140 nm.
（比較例２）
比較例１と同じ未延伸フィルムを、１７３℃の雰囲気下で、一軸方向に１．８００倍延伸し、厚み８０μｍの光学補償フィルムを得た。この光学補償フィルムの位相差は２７０ｎｍであった。
(Comparative Example 2)
The same unstretched film as Comparative Example 1 was stretched 1.800 times in a uniaxial direction under an atmosphere of 173 ° C. to obtain an optical compensation film having a thickness of 80 μm. The retardation of this optical compensation film was 270 nm.
（比較例３）
光弾性係数４×１０-12 ｍ2/Ｎ、Ｔｇ１７０℃、厚み７０μｍのノルボルネン系樹脂製の未延伸フィルムを、１７３℃の雰囲気下で、一軸方向に延伸し、２００ｎｍの位相差を発現させることを試みた。しかしながら、位相差ムラや表面の凹凸がひどくなり、位相差が２００ｎｍ以上の光学補償板を得るとはできなかった。
(Comparative Example 3)
An unstretched film made of norbornene resin having a photoelastic coefficient of 4 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, Tg of 170 ° C., and a thickness of 70 μm is stretched in a uniaxial direction in an atmosphere of 173 ° C. to develop a phase difference of 200 nm. Tried. However, the retardation unevenness and the surface unevenness became severe, and it was impossible to obtain an optical compensator having a retardation of 200 nm or more.
実施例および比較例で得られた光学補償フィルムについて、長さ１ｍ×幅０．２５ｍにおける外観および位相差ムラを、以下の方法によって評価した。 About the optical compensation film obtained by the Example and the comparative example, the external appearance and phase difference nonuniformity in length 1m x width 0.25m were evaluated with the following method.
（外観）
水平なガラス板上に、光学補償フィルムを置き、その表面形状を目視観察し、以下の基準に基づいて判断した。
(appearance)
An optical compensation film was placed on a horizontal glass plate, the surface shape was visually observed, and a determination was made based on the following criteria.
○：表面凹凸なし
×：表面凹凸あり
（位相差ムラ）
ライトテーブルの上に、偏光フィルムを設置し、その上に前記光学補償フィルムを置き、さらにその上に、前記偏光フィルムとクロスニコルとなるように他の偏光フィルムを設置した。そして、目視によって位相差ムラの有無を判断した。
○: No surface unevenness ×: Surface unevenness (phase difference unevenness)
A polarizing film was placed on a light table, the optical compensation film was placed thereon, and another polarizing film was placed thereon so as to be in crossed Nicols with the polarizing film. And the presence or absence of the phase difference nonuniformity was judged visually.
○：位相差ムラなし
×：位相差ムラあり
これらの結果を下記表１に示す。なお、実施例、比較例ならびに参考例で得られた光学補償フィルムの波長分散特性は、いずれもＲｅ(450nm)/Ｒｅ(550nm)=１.０１、Ｒｅ(650nm)/Ｒｅ(550nm)=１.００であった。
○: No phase difference unevenness ×: Phase difference unevenness These results are shown in Table 1 below. The wavelength dispersion characteristics of the optical compensation films obtained in Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples are Re (450 nm) / Re (550 nm) = 1.01, Re (650 nm) / Re (550 nm) = 1. It was 0.00.
（表１）
未延伸フィルム 延伸 光学補償フィルム
光弾性係数 Ｔｇ 厚み 倍率 位相差 厚み 外観 位相差ムラ
(m 2 /N) (℃)(μｍ) (nm) (μｍ)
実施例１ 11x10-12 125 50 1.526 140 40 ○ ○
実施例２ 11x10-12 125 70 2.552 270 45 ○ ○
比較例１ 4x10-12 170 100 1.325 140 92 ○ ○
比較例２ 4x10-12 170 100 1.800 270 80 ○ ○
比較例３ 4x10 -12 170 70 − − − × ×
(Table 1)
Unstretched film Stretched optical compensation film
Photoelastic coefficient Tg Thickness Magnification Phase difference Thickness Appearance Phase difference unevenness
(m 2 / N) (° C) (μm) (nm) (μm)
Example 1 11x10 -12 125 50 1.526 140 40 ○ ○
Example 2 11x10 -12 125 70 2.552 270 45 ○ ○
Comparative Example 1 4x10 -12 170 100 1.325 140 92 ○ ○
Comparative Example 2 4x10 -12 170 100 1.800 270 80 ○ ○
Comparative Example 3 4x10 -12 170 70 − − − × ×
前記表１に示すように、光弾性係数が１１×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎである未延伸フィルムを使用した実施例１の光学補償フィルムによれば、同じ位相差を示す比較例１の光学フィルムに比べて、その厚みを１／２以下に減少でき、かつ外観に優れ位相差ムラの発生もなかった。また、実施例２の光学補償フィルムについても、同じ位相差を示す比較例２の光学補償フィルムに比べて、その厚みを１／２程度に減少できた。一方、実施例２と同じ厚みの未延伸フィルムを使用した比較例３については、延伸による位相差ムラや表面凹凸がひどく、実施例２とは異なり２００ｎｍ以上の位相差を発現させることはできなかった。 As shown in Table 1, according to the optical compensation film of Example 1 using an unstretched film having a photoelastic coefficient of 11 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, the optical of Comparative Example 1 showing the same phase difference Compared with the film, the thickness could be reduced to ½ or less, and the appearance was excellent and there was no occurrence of phase difference unevenness. Also, the thickness of the optical compensation film of Example 2 could be reduced to about ½ compared to the optical compensation film of Comparative Example 2 showing the same retardation. On the other hand, about the comparative example 3 which uses the unstretched film of the same thickness as Example 2, the phase difference nonuniformity and surface unevenness | corrugation by extending | stretching are serious, and unlike Example 2, a phase difference of 200 nm or more cannot be expressed. It was.
以上の結果から、光弾性係数が１１×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎであるノルボルネン系樹脂製フィルムを使用すれば、所望の位相差を発現させ、かつ薄型化を実現でき、その外観にも優れた光学フィルムを得ることができるといえる。
以上のように、光弾性係数が１０〜１２×１０-12ｍ2/Ｎであるノルボルネン系樹脂製の本発明の光学補償フィルムによれば、所望の位相差の発現、かつ薄型化ならびに優れた外観の全てを実現できる。このため、例えば、画像表示装置に使用する際に、加工時等の加熱や加湿に対する安定性に優れ、かつ薄型化を満たす表示特性に優れた各種画像表示装置を提供できる。
From the above results, if a norbornene-based resin film having a photoelastic coefficient of 11 × 10 −12 m 2 / N is used, a desired phase difference can be realized and a thinning can be realized, and the appearance is also excellent. It can be said that an optical film can be obtained.
As described above, according to the optical compensation film of the present invention made of a norbornene-based resin having a photoelastic coefficient of 10 to 12 × 10 −12 m 2 / N, a desired retardation is developed, and the thickness is reduced. All of the appearance can be realized. Therefore, for example, when used in an image display device, it is possible to provide various image display devices that are excellent in stability against heating and humidification during processing and the like and have excellent display characteristics that satisfy a reduction in thickness.
Claims (14)
Ｒｅ(450nm)/Ｒｅ(550nm)=０.９９〜１.０３ ・・・（Ｉ）
Ｒｅ(650nm)/Ｒｅ(550nm)=０.９８〜１.０２ ・・・（II）
Ｒｅ＝（ｎｘ−ｎｙ）・ｄ ・・・（III）
前記式（Ｉ）および（II）において、Ｒｅは、前記式（III）で表される前記光学補償フィルムの面内位相差を示し、Ｒｅ(450nm)は波長４５０ｎｍにおける面内位相差、Ｒｅ(550nm)は波長５５０ｎｍにおける面内位相差、Ｒｅ(650nm)は波長650ｎｍにおける面内位相差をそれぞれ示し、前記式（III）において、ｎｘおよびｎｙは、それぞれ前記光学補償フィルムにおけるＸ軸およびＹ軸方向の屈折率を示し、前記Ｘ軸方向とは、前記光学補償フィルムの面内において最大の屈折率を示す軸方向であり、Ｙ軸方向は、前記面内において前記Ｘ軸に対して垂直な軸方向であり、ｄは、前記光学補償フィルムの厚みを示す。 The optical compensation film according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the wavelength dispersion characteristic satisfies at least one of the following formulas (I) and (II).
Re (450 nm) / Re (550 nm) = 0.99 to 1.03 (I)
Re (650 nm) / Re (550 nm) = 0.98 to 1.02 (II)
Re = (nx−ny) · d (III)
In the formulas (I) and (II), Re represents an in-plane retardation of the optical compensation film represented by the formula (III), Re (450 nm) represents an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 450 nm, Re ( 550 nm) represents an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm, and Re (650 nm) represents an in-plane retardation at a wavelength of 650 nm. In the formula (III), nx and ny represent the X axis and the Y axis in the optical compensation film, respectively. The X-axis direction is an axial direction showing the maximum refractive index in the plane of the optical compensation film, and the Y-axis direction is perpendicular to the X-axis in the plane. It is an axial direction, d shows the thickness of the said optical compensation film.
The optical compensation film according to any one of claims 10 to 13, which has a glass transition temperature of 100 to 150 ° C.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2008152293A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2008-07-03 | Nitto Denko Corp | Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display device using the same |
| US7800721B2 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2010-09-21 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus using the same |
| US8268227B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2012-09-18 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for forming optical compensating films, optical compensating films formed thereby, structure of optical compensating films, and polarizing plates |
| JPWO2015159836A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2017-04-13 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Stress measurement method, stress measurement member, and stress measurement set |
| CN115485611A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2022-12-16 | 株式会社可乐丽 | Liquid crystal display protection plate, liquid crystal display protection plate with curved surface and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US7800721B2 (en) | 2005-06-22 | 2010-09-21 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display apparatus using the same |
| US8268227B2 (en) | 2007-12-31 | 2012-09-18 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Method for forming optical compensating films, optical compensating films formed thereby, structure of optical compensating films, and polarizing plates |
| JP2008152293A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2008-07-03 | Nitto Denko Corp | Liquid crystal panel and liquid crystal display device using the same |
| JPWO2015159836A1 (en) * | 2014-04-14 | 2017-04-13 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Stress measurement method, stress measurement member, and stress measurement set |
| US9897496B2 (en) | 2014-04-14 | 2018-02-20 | Fujifilm Corporation | Stress measuring method, stress measuring member, and stress measuring set |
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