JP2004525269A - Comfortable, cut-resistant and abrasion-resistant fiber composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a comfortable, cut and abrasion resistant composition primarily used for sheaths / core yarns in protective garments consisting of cotton, nylon and paramid fibers.

Description

【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の組成物をガラス強化布に用いる、耐切断性の三成分プロットである。
【図２】本発明の組成物をガラス強化布に用いる、耐摩耗性の三成分プロットである。
【図３】本発明の組成物をスチール強化布に用いる、耐切断性の三成分プロットである。
【図４】本発明の組成物をスチール強化布に用いる、耐摩耗性の三成分プロットである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to compositions useful for cut and abrasion resistant sheath / core yarns that are effective and also comfortable to the wearer when fabricated into protective clothing.
[0002]
Description of Related Art H. U.S. Pat. No. 4,470,251, issued Sep. 11, 1984 for the Bettcher application, discloses that the core is steel wire and p-aramid fiber and the sheath is made of nylon to provide a comfortable surface. Discloses a sheath / core thread for use in a protective garment wound on the core as at least one layer, including an outer layer.
[0003]
N. H. U.S. Pat. No. 4,777,789, issued Oct. 18, 1988 with respect to the Kolmes et al. Application, discloses a sheath / core yarn for use in protective garments where at least one layer of the sheath construction includes a wire wrap. Has been disclosed. The yarn can also include cotton and synthetic fibers such as nylon and aramid.
[0004]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 5 to 60 weight percent cotton fiber; 10 to 65 weight percent nylon fiber having a length of 2.5 to 15 centimeters and a linear density of 0.5 to 7 dtex; A fiber composition comprising 30 to 85 weight percent of p-aramid fibers having a length in millimeters and a linear density of 0.5 to 7 decitex, wherein the weight percent is the total of cotton, nylon, and p-aramid fibers. A fiber composition is disclosed, on a weight basis, where cotton, nylon, and p-aramid fibers are combined to produce a substantially uniform mixture. The fiber composition of the present invention is used, among other uses, as a sheath component in a sheath / core yarn configuration where the core is a fibrous material having a total linear density of 100 to 5000 dtex. The resulting sheath / core yarns are knitted for protective clothing with a combination of high cut resistance, high abrasion resistance and a high degree of comfort for the wearer of the garment, among other uses. It is especially used to produce
[0005]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION For a long time there has been a tight relationship between comfort and effectiveness in the field of protective clothing. Also, considerable effort has been expended to increase effectiveness while maintaining or improving comfort. The present invention represents just such an advance in the field of cut and abrasion resistant fabrics and garments. By utilizing the present invention, it is now possible to increase the effectiveness of cut and abrasion resistance and to maintain or improve the comfort of cloth and protective clothing such as cut and abrasion resistant gloves. Is possible.
[0006]
The compositions of the present invention find use as packaging or sheaths in sheath / core yarn structures, where the core of the structure is glass or metal fibers (wires) or some other abrasive and rigid material. Such cores and core materials can be, for example, metal fibers having a diameter of about 20-150 micrometers, in one strand or more than one strand, and in continuous form or as staple fibers. Glass fibers in a continuous or staple form, having a diameter of about 1 to 30 micrometers and as one or more strands, may also serve as the core material. The core of fibrous material used in the practice of the present invention generally has a total linear density of 100 to 5000 dtex. The compositions of the present invention are carefully selected to provide cut resistance, abrasion resistance, and comfort, for example, to sheath / core yarns used in protective clothing.
[0007]
The fiber components of the compositions of the present invention are p-aramid, nylon, and cotton, and the proportion of each component is important to achieve the required combination of physical qualities.
[0008]
By para-aramid fiber is meant a fiber made from para-aramid polymer, with poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) being the preferred para-aramid polymer. PPD-T is a homopolymer formed from the mole-to-molar polymerization of p-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride, and a small amount of another diacid salt with p-phenylenediamine and a small amount of other diamines with terephthaloyl chloride. Copolymers resulting from the incorporation of a product are also meant. As a general rule, in amounts up to about 10 mole percent of p-phenylenediamine or terephthaloyl chloride, provided that other diamines and diacid chlorides do not have reactive groups that interfere with the polymerization reaction. Or, perhaps in slightly higher amounts, other diamines and other diacid chlorides can be used. PPD-T also refers to copolymers resulting from the incorporation of other aromatic diamines and other aromatic diacid chlorides such as, for example, 2,6-naphthaloyl chloride or chloro- or dichloroterephthaloyl chloride. I do. The only proviso is that the other aromatic diamine and aromatic diacid chloride are present in amounts that do not adversely affect the properties of the para-aramid.
[0009]
Additives can be used in the fiber with para-aramid and up to 10 weight percent of other polymeric materials can be blended with the aramid, or as much as 10 weight percent of other aramids substituted for the diamine of the aramid It has been found that copolymers having as little as 10 weight percent of the other diacid chloride substituted for the diacid chloride of diamine or aramid can be used.
[0010]
The p-aramid fibers are generally spun by extruding the p-aramid solution through a capillary into a coagulation bath. In the case of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide), the solvent for the solution is generally concentrated sulfuric acid, and extrusion is generally extrusion through voids into a cold, aqueous coagulation bath. Such methods are well known and do not form part of the present invention.
[0011]
Nylon means fibers made from an aliphatic polyamide polymer, with polyhexamethylene adipamide (nylon 66) being the preferred nylon polymer. Polycaprolactam (nylon 6), polybutyrolactam (nylon 4), poly (9-aminononanoic acid) (nylon 9), polyenantholactam (nylon 7), polycapryl lactam (nylon 8), polyhexamethylene sebacamide Other nylons, such as (nylon 6,10), are of course also worth choosing.
[0012]
Nylon fibers are generally spun by extruding a polymer melt through a capillary tube into a gaseous coagulation medium. Such methods are well known and do not form part of the present invention.
The cotton fibers used in the practice of the present invention can be any of those commonly used in fabric and clothing applications. Cotton fibers are generally 1 to 7.5 centimeters in length.
[0013]
Synthetic staple fibers for use in spun yarn are generally of a specific length and a specific linear density. For use in the present invention, synthetic fiber staples of 2.5 to 15 centimeters (1 to 6 inches) in length can be used, and 3.8 to 11.4 centimeters (1.5 to 1.5 inches) can be used. To 4.5 inches) is preferred. Yarns made from such fibers having a staple length of less than 2.5 centimeters have been found to require excessively high levels of twist to maintain strength for processing. Also, yarns made from such fibers having staple lengths greater than 15 centimeters are more difficult to manufacture because of the tendency of long staple fibers to become entangled and cut into shorter fibers. The synthetic staple fiber may or may not be wrinkled as desired for any particular purpose. The staple fibers of the present invention are generally made by cutting continuous filaments to a certain predetermined length. However, staples can be manufactured by other methods, such as by stretch cutting. Also, yarns can be made from such fibers, as well as from various or distributed staple fibers of different lengths. The staple synthetic fibers used in the present invention have a linear density of 0.5 to 7 dtex.
[0014]
1 to 4 show the cut resistance and the abrasion resistance of fabrics made using sheath / core yarns with glass fiber (FIG. 1) and steel (FIG. 3) cores, respectively. Reference can be made to understand the effect of the components of the composition on FIGS. 2 and 4). 1 and 3 are ternary plots of cut resistance as a function of sheath composition for glass fibers (FIG. 1) and steel fibers (FIG. 3). The axis represents the sheath composition concentration of cotton, nylon, and p-aramid fibers, and the area of values on the plot is the cut resistance normalized to a constant weight of the fabric composition. The data for constructing these plots comes from the experiments described in the examples that follow. Although the relationship is more readily seen with glass fiber cores than with steel cores, increasing p-aramid content results in increased cut resistance, and changes in nylon content generally lead to greater changes in cut resistance. Can understand that it does not bring. With regard to abrasion resistance, it can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 4 that the abrasion resistance increases with increasing nylon fiber content and is relatively independent of cotton and p-aramid fiber content.
[0015]
It is difficult to judge the goodness of wearing, and it is subjective. However, it has been found that increasing the cotton content in the composition of the present invention results in increased comfort for use of a fabric with a sheath / core yarn having a sheath of the composition. Total cotton content must be carefully controlled to avoid loss of cut and abrasion resistance. However, it has been found that the composition should contain at least 5 weight percent cotton. Below that amount it seems too little to have an impact on comfort.
[0016]
The range of component contents found suitable for the composition can be seen in all of the figures. The composition generally depicted by the area enclosed by triangle ABC is the composition of the present invention. Note that although triangles are drawn in all of the figures, only the letters A, B, and C are shown in FIG. It is understood that the weight percentages are based on the total weight of cotton, nylon and p-aramid and that the three components add up to 100 weight percent, so that the triangle is 5 to 60 weight percent cotton, Figure 3 illustrates a composition that is 10 to 65 weight percent nylon and 30 to 85 weight percent p-aramid. The preferred composition for the present invention is the range enclosed by the triangle DEF. Note that although triangles are drawn in all of the figures, the letters D, E, and F are shown only in FIG. Again, realizing that the three components add up to 100 weight percent, the triangle is a composition that is 10 to 40 weight percent cotton, 10 to 40 weight percent nylon, and 50 to 80 weight percent p-aramid. Shows things.
[0017]
The compositions of the present invention find use as sheaths in sheath / core yarn structures and can be manufactured by well known methods and deposited or spun on such core materials. For example, the sheath can be wrapped, wrapped, served, or spun on a core. When wrapped, the sheath fibers are generally placed in a loose form spun by known methods such as ring spinning, core spinning, air jet spinning, open-end spinning, and then substantially covering the core. Wound around the core with sufficient density. When served, the sheath fibers are generally in the form of twisted yarns applied in one or more layers around the core at an angle approximately perpendicular to the axis of the core to cover the core. When spun, the sheath fibers are formed directly on the core by any suitable core-spinning method, such as DREF spinning or so-called Murata jet spinning or another core-spinning method.
[0018]
The sheath / core yarns of the present invention are woven or knitted in gloves, aprons, sleeves, and other clothing fabrics to provide comfortable and effective cut protection. Fabrics are generally produced on the surface density of 1.35kg from 0.170 ^{/ m} 2 (5 to 40 oz / yd).
[0019]
Test Methods Abrasion Resistance The method used is "Standard Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics", ASTM Standard D3884-92. In performing the test, the sample cloth is polished using pressure and abrasion rotary polishing under controlled conditions. The cloth sample is subjected to polishing under a load of 500 grams using a Taber abrader and a # H-18 grinding wheel.
[0020]
Continue polishing until the cloth sample is completely worn. The number of revolutions until the completion of wear was measured for the three samples, and the average value was reported.
[0021]
The method used is "Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Closing", Standard of ASTM-90TM, "Standard Test Method for Measuring Cut Resistance of Materials Used in Protective Closing". 97. In performing the test, the cutting blade is pulled once under the specified force across the sample mounted on the mandrel. At several different forces, the distance pulled from initial contact to cutting is recorded, and a graph is made of the force as a function of distance to cutting. From the graph, the force for cutting at a distance of 25 millimeters is determined and standardized to ensure consistency of blade load. The standardized force is reported as the cut resistance.
[0022]
The cutting blade is a stainless steel knife blade with a sharp cutting edge 70 mm in length. At the beginning and end of the test, the blade load is calibrated using a 400 g load with neoprene calibration material. Use a new cutting blade for each cutting test.
[0023]
The sample is a 50 × 100 mm rectangular piece of cloth cut obliquely at 45 degrees from the warp and weft directions.
[0024]
The mandrel is a 38 mm radius conductive rod that is rotated and the sample is attached to the mandrel using double sided tape. Pull the cutting blade across the cloth on the mandrel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the mandrel. When the cutting blade makes electrical contact with the mandrel, the cut is recorded.
Example [0025]
The fabric was knitted with various sheath / core yarns where the core was glass fiber in some cases and metal fiber in other cases. The fiber composition used for the sheath contained a wide concentration array of nylon, p-aramid, and cotton fiber components.
[0026]
Glass cores were made from 100 denier E-glass multifilament fibers having individual filament diameters of about 2 micrometers.
[0027]
Metal cores were made from stainless steel single fibers with a diameter of 38 micrometers.
[0028]
A sheath composition was prepared by blending aramid, nylon, and cotton fibers in the proportions specified in the table below. The aramid fiber component is a Kevlar® staple aramid fiber under the trade name Kevlar®, Type 970 and E.R. I. It was a poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fiber sold by duPont de Nemours and Company, approximately 3.8 centimeters long and 1.6 decitex per filament. The nylon fiber component is E.R. I. Nylon 66 fiber, approximately 3.8 centimeters in length and 1.9 dtex per filament, sold by duPont de Nemours and Company. The cotton fiber component was middle grade card cotton.
[0029]
Sufficient amounts of the ingredients were used to make 9 kilograms of each sheath composition according to the formulations shown for fiber numbers 1-20 in the table below. The components were first mixed by hand and then fed twice through the picker to produce a uniform blend. Each of the blended materials was then fed through a standard carding machine used to process short staple ring spun yarns to make card slivers. The card sliver was processed into a drawn sliver using two-pass drawing (crushing machine / finishing machine drawing), and processed on a roving frame to make one-skew roving. The roving was then split into two parts, one for use with a glass core and the other half for use with a steel core.
[0030]
A sheath-core strand was made by ring spinning the two ends of the roving and inserting a glass or steel core just before twisting. Rovings were about 5900 dtex (1 skein count). In these examples, the glass and steel cores were centered between the two pulled roving ends just before the final draft roller. A 10/1 scc strand was made using a 3.25 twist factor for each molded article. After further normal processing, the two strands were twisted together in reverse twist. Three 2.2 kilogram tubes of 10 / 2s yarn were made for each fiber number.
[0031]
The 10 / 2s yarn was knitted into the sample using a standard Sheima Seiki glove knitting machine. The machine knitting time was adjusted to provide a fabric sample for subsequent cutting and abrasion testing to produce a glove body approximately 1 meter long.
[0032]
The two ends of 10 / 2s by producing fabric sample of approximately 0.47 kg / ^{m 2} is supplied to the glove knitting machine to make a sample.
[0033]
The fabric was subjected to the abrasion and cut resistance tests described above, and the results were plotted on FIGS. 1-4 as a function of sheath component concentration. Plots are normalized to the surface density of 0.47 kg / ^{m 2.} The data is also shown below in the form of a table.
[0034]
The performance levels indicated by the lines in FIGS. 1-4 do not appear in a smooth, well-operating range, but a good combination of abrasion and cut resistance is from 5 to 60 weight percent cotton fiber. It is clear that this is achieved with a sheath composition having 10 to 65 weight percent nylon fibers and 30 to 85 weight percent p-aramid fibers. Best performance results from a sheath composition having 10 to 40 weight percent cotton fiber, 10 to 40 weight percent nylon fiber, and 50 to 80 weight percent p-aramid fiber.
[0035]
[Table 1]

[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a ternary plot of cut resistance using a composition of the present invention in a glass reinforced fabric.
FIG. 2 is a ternary plot of abrasion resistance using a composition of the present invention in a glass reinforced fabric.
FIG. 3 is a ternary plot of cut resistance using a composition of the present invention in a steel reinforced fabric.
FIG. 4 is a ternary plot of abrasion resistance using a composition of the present invention in a steel reinforced fabric.

Claims (10)

5 to 60 weight percent cotton fiber;
10 to 65 weight percent nylon fibers having a length of 2.5 to 15 centimeters and a linear density of 0.5 to 7 dtex;
A fiber composition comprising 30 to 85 weight percent p-aramid fibers having a length of 2.5 to 15 centimeters and a linear density of 0.5 to 7 decitex,
A composition wherein the weight percent is based on the total weight of the cotton, nylon, and p-aramid fibers, and wherein the cotton, nylon, and p-aramid fibers combine to produce a substantially uniform mixture. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the p-aramid is poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide). The composition of claim 1, wherein said nylon is nylon 66. A core of fibrous material having a total linear density of 100 to 5000 decitex and 5 to 60 weight percent of cotton fibers surrounding said core;
10 to 65 weight percent nylon fibers having a length of 2.5 to 15 centimeters and a linear density of 0.5 to 7 dtex;
A sheath / core yarn comprising a sheath comprising 30 to 85 weight percent p-aramid fiber having a length of 2.5 to 15 centimeters and a linear density of 0.5 to 7 dtex,
A sheath / core yarn wherein the weight percentage is based on the total weight of the cotton, nylon, and p-aramid fibers, and wherein the cotton, nylon, and p-aramid fibers are combined to produce a substantially uniform mixture. The sheath / core yarn of claim 4, wherein the sheath is in the form of a yarn wound around the core. The sheath / core yarn according to claim 4, wherein the sheath is a mixture of fibers spun directly onto the core. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said cotton is from 10 to 40 weight percent of said composition, said nylon is from 10 to 40 weight percent of said composition, and said p-aramid is from 50 to 80 weight percent of said composition. A composition according to claim 1. 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein said cotton is from 10 to 40 weight percent of said composition, said nylon is from 10 to 40 weight percent of said composition, and said p-aramid is from 50 to 80 weight percent of said composition. A sheath / core yarn according to item 1. 5. The sheath / core yarn of claim 4 woven or woven into a garment. The sheath / core yarn according to claim 9, wherein the garment is a glove, an apron, or a sleeve.

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