JP2004501076A - New compounds, their production and use - Google Patents
New compounds, their production and use Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004501076A JP2004501076A JP2001576752A JP2001576752A JP2004501076A JP 2004501076 A JP2004501076 A JP 2004501076A JP 2001576752 A JP2001576752 A JP 2001576752A JP 2001576752 A JP2001576752 A JP 2001576752A JP 2004501076 A JP2004501076 A JP 2004501076A
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- Prior art keywords
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- ethoxy
- ethyl
- acid
- compound
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- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001289 prazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N prazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1=CC=CO1 IENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003712 propranolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pteridine Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=NC=CN=C21 CPNGPNLZQNNVQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000561 purinyl group Chemical class N1=C(N=C2N=CNC2=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107700 pyruvic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N quinapril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2C1)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JSDRRTOADPPCHY-HSQYWUDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001455 quinapril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OWECKHSCCDVJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline;quinoxaline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21.N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 OWECKHSCCDVJCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N ramipril Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)OCC)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1[C@@H](C[C@@H]2CCC[C@@H]21)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 HDACQVRGBOVJII-JBDAPHQKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003401 ramipril Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000022532 regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003488 releasing hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012056 semi-solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036332 sexual response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004425 sibutramine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sibutramine Chemical compound C=1C=C(Cl)C=CC=1C1(C(N(C)C)CC(C)C)CCC1 UNAANXDKBXWMLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000002027 skeletal muscle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N sn-glycerol 3-phosphate Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)COP(O)(O)=O AWUCVROLDVIAJX-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012312 sodium hydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000104 sodium hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008279 sol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N terazosin Chemical compound N=1C(N)=C2C=C(OC)C(OC)=CC2=NC=1N(CC1)CCN1C(=O)C1CCCO1 VCKUSRYTPJJLNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001693 terazosin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethylammonium Chemical class C[N+](C)(C)C QEMXHQIAXOOASZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229960004605 timolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012096 transfection reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003146 transient transfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950002929 trinitrophenol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960001130 urapidil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000777 urocortin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960001722 verapamil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
- C07C69/734—Ethers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
- C07C69/732—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids of unsaturated hydroxy carboxylic acids
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Obesity (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Endocrinology (AREA)
- Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
本発明は一般式Iの化合物に関する。当該化合物((ここで、R1, R2, R3及びR4は、互いに独立して、水素、C1−12アルキル、C2−12アルケニル、C2−12アルキニル、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアラルキル又はC1−6アルコキシC1−6アルキルであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ又はアミノで任意に置換され;そしてx1, x2, x3及びx4は互いに独立して炭素、酸素、硫黄又は窒素であり;そしてYはC1−12アルキル、C2−12アルケニル、C2−12アルキニル、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアラルキル、又はアルキルヘテロアラルキルであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ又はアミノで任意に置換され;そしてAr1及びAr2は、互いに独立してアリール又はヘテロアリールであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、アミノアルキル、カルボキシアルキル、C1−6アルキル又はC1−6アルコキシで任意に置換される)の化合物、又は医薬として許容される酸若しくは塩基とのそれらの塩、あるいは任意な光学異性体又は光学異性体の混合物、例えばラセミ体混合物、あるいは任意な互変異性体型は、核受容体、特にペルオキシソーム増殖因子活性化受容体(PPAR)によって媒介される症状の処置及び/又は予防において有用である。The invention relates to compounds of general formula I. The compound (wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 alkenyl, C 2-12 alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, hetero Aryl, heteroaralkyl or C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy or amino; and x 1 , x 2 , x 3 and x 4 are independent of each other And Y is C 1-12 alkyl, C 2-12 alkenyl, C 2-12 alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, or alkylheteroaralkyl; these are optionally substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy or amino; and Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each A stand to aryl or heteroaryl, which are one or more halogen, hydroxy, amino, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, C 1-6 alkyl or C 1-6 compound of alkoxy are optionally substituted with), or A salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, such as a racemic mixture, or any tautomeric form, is a nuclear receptor, especially a peroxisome proliferator activity. It is useful in the treatment and / or prevention of conditions mediated by activated receptors (PPAR).
Description
【0001】
発明の分野:
本発明は、新規化合物又は、それらを含む医薬組成物、前記化合物の調製方法、及び医薬としてのそれらの使用に関する。更に具体的には、本発明の化合物は、核受容体、特にペルオキシソーム増殖因子−活性化受容体(PPAR)によって媒介される症状の処置に使用され得る。
【0002】
本発明の背景
冠状動脈疾患(CAD)は、II型糖尿病及び代謝症候群の患者(すなわち、耐糖能異常、インスリン耐性、高血糖症及び/又は肥満症の「致死的カルテット」カテゴリー内の患者)における主要な死因である。
【0003】
抗高脂血症薬のフィブラート及び抗糖尿病薬のチアゾリジンジオンは、II型糖尿病又は代謝性候補症候群患者においてしばしば観察される異脂肪血症に最適な単一の治療法であるほど有効でも又は効能的でもないが、適度に効果的なトリグリセリド−低下活性をそれぞれ示す。チアゾリジンジオンはまた、II型糖尿病の動物モデル及びヒトの循環グルコースレベルを効果的に低める。しかしながら、フィブラート種類の化合物は、糖血症に対して有益な効果を有さない。それらの化合物の分子作用に対する研究は、チアゾリジンジオン及びフィブラートが、ペロキシソーム増殖因子活性化受容体(PPAR)ファミリーの明白な転写因子を活性化することによって、それらの作用を発揮し、共に血漿トリグリセリド含量の制御におけるキープレーヤーである、特異的酵素及びアポリポタンパク質の高められた及び低められた発現をもたらす。一方では、フィブラートは、肝臓において主に作用するPPARα活性化因子である。他方では、チアゾリジンジオンは、脂肪組織に対して主に作用するPPARγに対して高い親和性リガンドである。
【0004】
脂肪組織は、脊椎動物における脂質ホメオスタシス及びエネルギーバランスの維持において中心的役割を演じる。脂肪細胞は、栄養物流入の間、トリグリセリドの形でエネルギーを貯蔵し、そして栄養物欠乏の時に遊離脂肪酸の形でそれを放出する。白色脂肪組織の形成は、生命を通しての連続した分化過程の結果である。多くの証拠が、この細胞の分化の開始及び調節においてPPARγ活性化の中心的役割を示す。いくつかの高度に特殊化されたタンパク質は、脂肪細胞分化の間に誘導され、それらのタンパク質のほとんどが脂肪貯蔵及び代謝に関与する。グルコース代謝におけるPPARγの活性化から変化までの正確な連鎖、最も顕著なものである、筋肉におけるインスリン耐性の低下は、また明らかにされていない。PPARγの活性化が筋肉組織においてではなく、脂肪組織においてリポタンパク質リパーゼ(LPL)、脂肪酸輸送タンパク質(FATP)及びアシル−CoA合成酵素(ACS)を誘導するような可能性がある連鎖は、遊離脂肪酸を経由する。これは、血漿中の遊離脂肪酸の濃度を劇的に低め、そして細胞レベルでの基質の競合に起因して、高い代謝速度を有する骨格筋及び他の組織は、結果的に脂肪酸酸化からグルコース酸化に転換し、最終的にインスリン耐性が低下する。
【0005】
PPARαは、脂肪酸のβ−酸化の刺激に関与している。囓歯動物においては、脂肪酸代謝に関与する遺伝子の発現におけるPPARα−媒介型変化は、主に肝臓及び腎臓に限定され、そして囓歯動物においては肝臓癌形成を導くことがある、多面的な細胞性応答であるペルオキシソーム増殖の現象に基づいて、多面発現細胞応答の現象に基づいて存在する。ペルオキシソーム増殖の現象は、ヒトにおいては見られない。囓歯動物におけるペルオキシソーム増殖のその役割の他に、PPARαはまた、囓歯動物及びヒトにおけるHDLコレステロールの調節にも関与している。この効果は、主要HDLアポリポタンパク質であるアポA−I及びアポ−IIのPPARα−媒介型転写制御に少なくとも部分的に基づいている。フィブラート及び脂肪酸の低トリグリセリド血症性作用はPPARαにも関与し、そして次の通りに要約され得る:(I)リポタンパク質リパーゼ及びアポC−IIIレベルの変化による残存粒子の高められた脂肪分解及びクリアランス、(II)脂肪酸結合タンパク質及びアシル−CoA合成酵素の誘導による、細胞脂肪酸摂取の刺激、及びアシル−CoA誘導体へのそれらの続く転換、(III)脂肪酸β−酸化経路の誘導、(IV)脂肪酸及びトリグリセリド合成の誘導、及び最終的に、(V)VLDL生成の低下。従って、トリグリセリドに富んでいる粒子の増強された異化作用、及びVLDL粒子の低められた分泌は共に、フィブラートの低脂血性効果に寄与する機構を構成する。
【0006】
多くの化合物が、高血糖症、高脂血症及び高コレステロール血症の処置において有用であることが報告されている(米国特許第5,306,726号、PCT公開番号WO91/19702号、 WO95/03038号、WO96/04260号、W094/13650号、WO94/01420号、WO97/36579号、WO97/25042号、WO95/17394号、WO99/08501号、WO99/19313号及びWO99/16758号)。
【0007】
発明の要約:
単一のアプローチとしてのグルコース低下は、II型糖尿病及び代謝症候群を伴う多くの合併症を克服していない。従って、II型糖尿病及び代謝症候群の新規処置は、これらの症候群を伴う明白な高トリグリセリド血症の低下及び高血糖症の軽減を目的としなければならない。
【0008】
フィブラート及びチアゾリジンジオンの臨床学的活性は、組み合わされたPPARα及びPPARγ活性を示す化合物についての調査が、II型糖尿病及び代謝症候群(すなわち、耐糖能異常、インスリン耐性、高トリグリセリド血症及び/又は肥満症)の処置において高い可能性を有する、効果的なグルコース及びトリグリセリドの低減薬剤の発見を導くはずであることを示唆する。
【0009】
本発明の詳細な説明:
従って、本発明は、一般式(I):
【化2】
(ここで、R1, R2, R3及びR4は、互いに独立して、水素、C1−12アルキル、C2−12アルケニル、C2−12アルキニル、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアラルキル又はC1−6アルコキシC1−6アルキルであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ又はアミノで任意に置換され;そして
x1, x2, x3及びx4は互いに独立して炭素、酸素、硫黄又は窒素であり;そして
YはC1−12アルキル、C2−12アルケニル、C2−12アルキニル、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアラルキル、又はアルキルヘテロアラルキルであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ又はアミノで任意に置換され;そして
Ar1及びAr2は、互いに独立してアリール又はヘテロアリールであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、アミノアルキル、カルボキシアルキル、C1−6アルキル又はC1−6アルコキシで任意に置換される)の化合物、又は医薬として許容される酸若しくは塩基とのそれらの塩、あるいは任意な光学異性体又は光学異性体の混合物、例えばラセミ体混合物、あるいは任意な互変異性体型、に関する。
【0010】
本発明の好ましい化合物は:
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−エニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩、
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−ヒドロキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−エニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸、
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−((4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−メチル)−ベンジルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩、
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−イニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩、
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−((4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−メチル)−ベンジルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸、
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−イニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸;
又は医薬として許容される酸若しくは塩基とのそれらの塩、あるいは任意な光学異性体又は光学異性体の混合物、例えばラセミ体混合物、あるいは任意な互変異性体型、である。
【0011】
上記構造式において、そして本明細書を通じて、次の用語は示した意味を有する:
用語「C1−n’アルキル」(ここで、n’は2〜12であり得る)は、本明細書で使用する場合、1から指定の数の炭素原子を有する分枝、直鎖又は環状アルキル基を表す。その様な基の例は、限定しないが、メチル、エチル、n−プロピル、イソプロピル、ブチル、イソ−ブチル、sec−ブチル、tert−ブチル、ペンチル、イソ−ペンチル、ヘキシル等、並びにシクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル、シクロヘキシル、シクロヘプチル及びシクロオクチル等を含む。
【0012】
用語「C2−n ’アルケニル」(ここでは、n’は3〜12であり得る)は、本明細書で使用する場合、2から指定の数の炭素原子及び少なくとも1つの二重結合を有するオレフィン系の不飽和分枝又は直鎖の基を表す。その様な基の例は、限定しないが、ビニル、1−プロペニル、2−プロペニル、アリル、イソ−プロペニル、1,3−ブタジエニル、1−ブテニル、ヘキセニル、ペンテニル等を含む。
【0013】
用語「C2−n ’アルキニル」(ここで、n’は3〜12であり得る)は、本明細書で使用する場合、2から指定の数の炭素原子及び少なくとも1つの三重結合を有する不飽和の分枝又は直鎖の基を表す。その様な基の例は、限定しないが、限定しないが、1−プロピニル、2−プロピニル、1−ブチニル、2−ブチニル、1−ペンチニル、2−ペンチニル等を含む。
【0014】
用語「C1−6アルコキシ」とは、本明細書で使用する場合、単独又は組み合わせにおいて、エーテル酸素からのその遊離原子価結合を有する当該エーテル酸素を介して結合される、直鎖又は分枝又は環状形状の、指定の長さのそれらのC1−6アルキル基を含むことを意味する。直鎖アルコキシ基の例は、メトキシ、エトキシ、プロポキシ、ブトキシ、ペントキシ、ヘキソキシ等である。分枝アルコキシの例は、イソプロポキシ、sec−ブトキシ、tert−ブトキシ、イソペントキシ、イソヘキソキシ等である。環状アルコキシの例は、シクロプロピルオキシ、シクロブチルオキシ、シクロペンチルオキシ、シクロヘキシルオキシ等である。
【0015】
用語「C1−6アルコキシC1−6アルキル」は、本明細書で使用する場合、単独又は組み合わせにおいて、本明細書で定義されるようなC1−6アルコキシと結合した、本明細書で定義されるようなC1−6アルキル、例えばメトキシメチル、エトキシメチル、メトキシエチル、エトキシエチル等を言及する。
【0016】
用語「アリール」は、任意にハロゲン、アミノ、ヒドロキシ、C1−6アルキル又はC1−6アルコキシ等により置換された芳香環、例えばフェニル、ナフチル、(1−ナフチル又は2−ナフチル)等から成る群から選択されるカルボン酸の芳香環を含むことを言及する。
【0017】
用語「ハロゲン」は、フッ素、塩素、臭素又はヨウ素を意味する。
【0018】
用語「ヘテロアリール」は、本明細書で使用する場合、単独又は組み合わせにおいて、窒素、酸素及び硫黄から選択される1又は複数のヘテロ原子を含む5〜6員の単環式芳香族系又は9〜10員の二環式芳香族系、例えばフラン、チオフェン、ピロール、イミダゾール、ピラゾール、トリアゾール、ピリジン、ピラジン、ピリミジン、ピリダジン、イソチアゾール、イソキサゾール、オキサゾール、オキサジアゾール、チアジアゾール、キノリン、イソキノリン、キナゾリン、キノキサリン、インドール、ベンズイミダゾール、ベンゾフラン、プテリジン及びプリン等を言及する。
【0019】
用語「アリールアルキル」は、本明細書で使用する場合、芳香族炭化水素で置換された、1〜6個の炭素原子を含む直鎖又は分枝の飽和炭素鎖;例えばベンジル、フェネチル、3−フェニルプロピル、1−ナフチルメチル、2−(1−ナフチル)エチル等、を言及する。
【0020】
用語「ヘテロアリールアルキル」は、本明細書で使用する場合、ヘテロアリール基で置換された、1〜6個の炭素を含む直鎖又は分枝の飽和炭素鎖、例えば(2−フリル)メチル、(3−フリル)メチル、(2−チエニル)メチル、(3−チエニル)メチル、(2−ピリジル)メチル、1−メチル−1−(2−ピリミジル)エチル等を言及する。
【0021】
上文で定義された用語のいくつかは、上記式(I)において一度ならずとも出現することがあり、そしてその様な出現の度に、個々の用語が他のものと無関係に定義されるべきである。
【0022】
本発明はまた、本発明の化合物の医薬として許容される塩も包含する。その様な塩は、医薬として許容される酸付加塩、医薬として許容される塩基付加塩、医薬として許容される金属塩、アンモニウム及びアルキル化アンモニウム塩を含む。酸付加塩は、無機酸及び有機酸の塩を含む。適当な無機酸の体表例は、塩酸、臭化水素酸、ヨウ化水素酸、リン酸、硫酸、硝酸等を含む。適当な有機酸の例は、ギ酸、酢酸、トリクロロ酢酸、トリフルオロ酢酸、プロピオン酸、安息香酸、経皮酸、クエン酸、フマル酸、グリコール酸、乳酸、リンゴ酸、マロン酸、マンデル酸、シュウ酸、ピクリン酸、ピルビン酸、サリチル酸、コハク酸、メタンスルホン酸、エタンスルホン酸、酒石酸、アスコルビン酸、パモン酸、ビスメチレンサリチル酸、エタンジスルホン酸、グルコン酸、シトラコン酸、アスパラギン酸、ステアリン酸、パルミチン酸、EDTA、グリコール酸、p−アミノ安息香酸、グルタミン酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、硫酸塩、硝酸塩、リン酸塩、過塩素酸塩、ホウ酸塩、酢酸塩、安息香酸塩、ヒドロキシナフトエート、グリセロホスフェート、ケトグルタレート等を含む。医薬として許容される無機酸又は有機性の酸付加塩の更なる例は、引用によって本明細書に組み入れられるJ. Pharm. sci. 1977, 66, 2において列挙されている医薬として許容される塩を含む。金属塩の例は、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウム塩等を含む。アンモニウム及びアルキル化アンモニウム塩の例は、アンモニウム、メチルアンモニウム、ジメチルアンモニウム、トリメチルアンモニウム、エチルアンモニウム、ヒドロキシエチルアンモニウム、ジエチルアンモニウム、ブチルアンモニウム、テトラメチルアンモニウム塩等を含む。有機塩基の例は、リジン、アルギニン、グアニジン、ジエタノールアミン、コリン等を含む。
【0023】
医薬として許容される塩は、式(I)の化合物と1〜4当量の塩基、例えば水酸化ナトリウム、ナトリウムメトキシド、ナトリウム水素化物、カリウムt−ブトキシド、水酸化カルシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、及び同様のものとを、溶媒、例えばエーテル、THF、メタノール、t−ブタノール、ジオキサン、イソプロパノール、エタノール、等において反応せしめることによって調製される。溶媒の混合物が使用されることもある。有機塩基、例えばリジン、アルギニン、ジエタノールアミン、コリン、グアンジン及びそれらの誘導体等も使用され得る。他方では、酸付加塩は、適用できる場合、酸、例えば塩酸、臭化水素酸、硝酸、硫酸、リン酸、p−トルエンスルホン酸、メタンスルホン酸、酢酸、クエン酸、マレイン酸、サリチル酸、ヒドロキシナフトエ酸、アスコルビン酸、パルミチル酸、コハク酸、安息香酸、ベンゼンスルホン酸、酒石酸等を用いる、溶媒、例えば酢酸エチル、エーテル、アルコール、アセトン、THF、ジオキサン等での処理により調製される。溶媒の混合物もまた使用され得る。
【0024】
本発明の一部を形成する化合物の立体異性体は、可能な場合には、工程で反応体をそれらの単一の鏡像異性体形で用いることによって、又は試薬又は触媒の存在下でそれらの単一の鏡像異性体形で反応を行うことによって、又は従来の方法により立体異性体の混合物を分解することによって調製され得る。いくつかの好ましい方法は、可能な場合にはキラル酸、例えばマンデリン酸、ショウノウスルホン酸、酒石酸、乳酸、及び同様のもの、又はキラル塩基、例えばブルシン、キナノキアルカロイド及びそれらの誘導体等により形成されるジアステレオマーを分解する微生物分解の使用を包含する。通常使用される方法は、Jaques et al., ”Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolution”(Wiley Interscience, 1981)により提供される。更に具体的には、式(I)の化合物は、キラルアミン、アミノ酸、アミノ酸に由来するアミノアルコールによる処理によりジアステレオマーアミドの1:1混合物に変換されることがあり;常用の反応条件が、酸をアミドに変換するために使用されることがあり;ジアステレオマーが分別結晶又はクロマトグラフィーにより分離されることがあり、そして式(I)の化合物の立体異性体は純粋なジアステレオマーアミドを加水分解することによって調製されることがある。
【0025】
本発明の一部を形成する一般式Iの化合物の種々の多型体は、異なった条件下での式Iの化合物の結晶化によって調製されうる。例えば、再結晶化のために通常使用される、異なる溶媒又はそれらの混合物;異なった温度での結晶化;結晶化の間、非常に早いものから非常に遅い範囲の種々の冷却の態様、が使用される。多型体はまた、化合物の加熱又は溶融、続く徐々の又は早い冷却によっても得られる。多型体の存在は、固体プローブNMR分光計、示差走査熱量計、粉末X−線回折又はその様な他の技法により決定され得る。
【0026】
更に、本発明の式Iの化合物は、核受容体、特にペルオキシソーム増殖因子活性化受容体(PPAR)によって媒介される症状の処置及び/又は予防において利用され得る。
【0027】
本発明はまた、投与時に、活性のある薬理学的物質になる前に、代謝過程によって化学的変換を受ける、本発明の化合物のプロドラッグを包含する。通常、その様なプロドラッグは、直ちにin vivoで式(I)の必要な化合物へと変換可能な、本発明の化合物の機能的誘導体であろう。適当なプロドラッグの選択及び製造のための常用の手順は、例えば”Design of Prodrugs”, ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985に記載されている。
【0028】
本発明はまた、本発明の化合物の活性代謝物も包含する。
【0029】
更なる観点において、本発明は、I型糖尿病及びII型糖尿病、好ましくはII型糖尿病を処置及び/又は予防するための方法に関する。
【0030】
より更なる観点において、本発明は、I型糖尿病及びII型糖尿病、好ましくはII型糖尿病を処置及び/又は予防するための薬物の製造のための、一般式Iの1又は複数の化合物あるいは医薬として許容されるその塩の使用に関する。
【0031】
より更なる観点において、本発明の化合物は、IGTの処置及び/又は予防にとって有用である。
【0032】
より更なる観点において、本発明の化合物は、2型糖尿病の処置及び/又は予防にとって有用である。
【0033】
より更なる観点において、本発明の化合物は、IGTから2型糖尿病への進行の遅延又は予防にとって有用である。
【0034】
より更なる観点において、本発明の化合物は、インスリンを必要としない2型糖尿病からインスリンを必要とする2型糖尿病への進行の遅延又は予防にとって有用である。
【0035】
別の観点において、本発明の化合物は、血糖値及びトリグリセリドレベルを低下させ、そして病気及び疾患、例えば糖尿病及び/又は肥満の処置及び/又は予防にとって結果的に有用である。
【0036】
更に別の観点において、本発明の化合物は、インスリン耐性(2型糖尿病)、耐糖能異常、異脂肪血症、X症候群に関連する傷害、例えば高血圧、肥満、インスリン耐性、高血糖症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、高脂血症、冠動脈疾患、心筋梗塞及び他の心臓血管疾患の処置及び/又は予防にとって有用である。
【0037】
更に別の観点において、本発明の化合物は、哺乳類細胞、例えばランゲルハンス島のベータ細胞におけるアポトーシスの低下に有効である。
【0038】
更に別の観点において、本発明の化合物は、いくつかの腎臓病、例えば糸球体腎炎、糸球体硬化症、ネフローゼ症候群、高血圧性腎硬化症の処置にとって有用である。
【0039】
更に別の観点において、本発明の化合物は、痴呆における認知機能の向上、糖尿病の合併症、乾癬、多嚢胞性卵巣症候群(PCOS)の処置並びに骨量の減少、例えば骨粗鬆症の予防にとって有用である。
【0040】
本発明はまた、活性成分として、少なくとも1つの式Iの化合物あるいはそれらの任意な光学異性体又は幾何異性体又は互変異性体、これらの混合物又は、1又は複数の医薬として許容される担体又は希釈剤、を含んで成る医薬組成物に関する。
【0041】
更に、本発明は、核受容体、特にペルオキシソーム増殖因子活性化受容体(PPAR)によって媒介される症状、例えば上文で言及した症状の処置及び/又は予防のための、一般式Iの化合物又はそれらの互変異性体、それらの立体異性体、それらの多形、それらの医薬として許容される塩光学異性体の混合物、例えばラセミ体混合物、あるいは任意な互変異性体型、の使用に関する。
【0042】
本発明はまた、上文で言及した新規化合物、それらの誘導体、それらの類似体、それらの互変異性体型、それらの立体異性体、それらの多形、それらの医薬として許容される塩又はそれらの医薬として許容される溶媒和化合物の製造方法に関する。
【0043】
式Iの化合物は、後述の様に製造されうる:
【0044】
2分子の式IIの化合物を、1分子の式III(ここで、R1, R4, Ar1, x1, x2及びYは上文の通りであるが、但し、x2は炭素ではなく、そしてR1は水素ではなく、そしてLはハロゲン、メシルオキシ又はヒドロキシの様な脱離基である)とMitsunobo条件下で反応させ、
【化3】
R1=R2及びR4=R3の式Iの化合物を与え、
又は1分子の式IIを1分子の式IIIの化合物と反応させ、続いて、生成した式IVの化合物と、式Vの化合物(ここで、R1, R2, R3, R4, Ar1, Ar2, x1, x2, x3, x4及びYは上文の通りであるが、但し、x2及びx3は炭素ではなく、そしてR1及びR2は水素ではなく、そしてLはハロゲン、メシルオキシ又はヒドロキシの様な脱離基である)とのMitsunobo条件下での反応によって、
【化4】
式Iの化合物を与え、
あるいは水素と異なるR1及びR2を有する式Iの化合物を加水分解して、R1=R2=水素の式Iの化合物を与える。
【0045】
薬理学的方法:
in vitroでのPPARアルファ及びPPARガンマの活性化活性
原理:
PPAR遺伝子転写活性化アッセイは、それぞれ、キメラ試験タンパク質及びレポータータンパク質をコードする2種のプラスミドのヒトHEK293細胞中への一過性のトランスフェクションを基にした。当該キメラ試験タンパク質は、ヒトPPARタンパク質のリガンド結合ドメイン(LBD)への、酵母GAL4転写因子からのDNA結合ドメイン(DBD)の融合体であった。PPAR LBDは、リガンド結合ポケットの他にまた、PPARリガンド依存性転写因子としての前記融合タンパク質の機能を可能にする生来の活性化ドメイン(活性化機能2=AF2)も含んだ。GAL4 DBDは、融合タンパク質を、Gal4エンハンサー(HEK293細胞には存在しない)のみに結合せしめるであろう。レポータープラスミドは、ホタルルシフェラーゼタンパク質の発現を駆動するGal4エンハンサーを含んだ。トランスフェクションの後、HEK293細胞は、GAL4−DBD−PPAR−LBD融合タンパク質を発現した。融合タンパク質は、順に、ルシフェラーゼ発現を制御するGal4エンハンサーに結合し、そしてリガンドの不在下では何もしない。PPARリガンドの細胞への添加に基づいて、ルシフェラーゼタンパク質は、PPARタンパク質の活性化に対応する量で生成されるであろう。ルシフェラーゼタンパク質の量は、適切な基質の添加の後、発光により測定される。
【0046】
方法:
細胞培養及びトランスフェクション:HEK293細胞を、DMEM+10%FCS, 1%PSにおいて増殖した。トランスフェクション時に80%コンフルエントとなるように、トランスフェクションの前に細胞を96穴プレートに接種した。0.8μgのDNA/穴を、FuGeneトランスフェクション試薬を用いて、その製造業者の説明書(Boehringer−Mannheim)に従ってトランスフェクションした。細胞は48時間、タンパク質を発現するために放置され、続いて化合物が添加された。
【0047】
プラスミド:ヒトPPARα及びγを、それぞれ肝臓、腸及び脂肪組織からのcDNA鋳型を用いてPCR増幅により得た。増幅されたcDNAを、pCR2.1中にクローン化し、そして配列決定した。個々のイソ型PPARからのLBDを、PCRにより生成し(PPARα:aa167−C−末端;PPARγ:aa165−C−末端)、そしてプラスミドpM1αLBD及びpM1γLBDを生成するベクターpM1中にフラグメントを読み枠通りにサブクローニングすることによってGAL4−DBDに融合した。融合の確認を、配列決定により確かめた。レポーターを、5個の繰り返しのGal4認識配列をコードするオリゴヌクレオチドをpGL2ベクター(Promega)中に挿入することによって、構成した。
【0048】
化合物:すべての化合物は、DMSOに溶解され、そして細胞への添加に基づいて1:1000に希釈された。細胞を、24時間、化合物により処理し(脱脂質化された血清を含む200μlの増殖培地において1:1000)、続いてルシフェラーゼアッセイを行った。
【0049】
ルシフェラーゼアッセイ:試験化合物を含む培地を吸引し、そして1mMのMg2+及びCa2+を含むPBS100μlを個々の穴に添加した。ルシフェラーゼアッセイを、LucLiteキットを用いて、製造業者の説明書(Packard Instruments)に従って行った。発光を、Packard Instruments トップ−カウンター上でSPCモードを計数することによって定量化した。
【0050】
医薬組成物:
別の観点において、本発明は、活性生物として、少なくとも1つの一般式(I)の化合物又は医薬として許容されるその塩を、医薬として許容される担体又は希釈剤と一緒に含んで成る医薬組成物をその範囲で含む。
【0051】
本発明の化合物は、1又は複数の更に薬理学的に活性な物質、例えば抗肥満薬、抗糖尿病薬、血圧降下薬、糖尿病に起因し、又はそれを伴う合併症の処置及び/又は予防のための物質、並びに肥満に起因し、又はそれと関連する合併症及び疾患の処置及び/又は予防のための物質、から選択されるもの、と組み合わせて投与されうる。
【0052】
この様に、本発明の更なる観点において、本発明の化合物は、1又は複数の抗肥満薬又は食欲制御物質と組み合わせて投与されうる。
【0053】
そのような物質は、CART(コカインアンフェタミン制御型転写)アゴニスト、NPY(ニューロペプチドY)アンタゴニスト、MC4(メラノコルチン4)アゴニスト、オレキシンアンタゴニスト、TNF(腫瘍壊死因子)アゴニスト、CRF(コルチコトロピン放出因子)アゴニスト、CRF BP(コルチコトロピン放出因子結合タンパク質)アンタゴニスト、ウロコルチンアゴニスト、β3アゴニスト、MSH(メラニン細胞刺激ホルモン)アゴニスト、MCH(メラニン細胞凝集ホルモン)アンタゴニスト、CCK(コルシストキニン)アゴニスト、セロトニン再取り込み阻害剤、セロトニン及びノルアドレナリン再取り込み阻害剤、混合したセロトニンとノルアドレナリン性化合物、5HT(セロトニン)アゴニスト、ボンベシンアゴニスト、ガラニンアンタゴニスト、成長ホルモン、成長ホルモン放出化合物、TRH(甲状腺刺激ホルモン放出ホルモン)アゴニスト、UCP 2又は3(脱共役タンパク質2又は3)調節因子、レプチンアゴニスト、DAアゴニスト(ブロモクリプチン、ドプレキシン(doprexin))、リパーゼ/アミラーゼ阻害剤、RXR(レチノイドX受容体)調節因子又はTRβアゴニストから成る群から選択されうる。
【0054】
本発明の1つの態様において、抗肥満薬はレプチンである。
【0055】
別の態様において、抗肥満薬はデキサンフェタミン又はアンフェタミンである。
【0056】
別の態様において、抗肥満薬はフェンフルラミン又はデクスフェンフルラミン(dexfenfluramine)である。
【0057】
更に別の態様において、抗肥満薬はシブトラミンである。
【0058】
更なる態様において、抗肥満薬はオーリスタットである。
【0059】
別の態様において、抗肥満薬はマジンドール又はフェンテルミンである。
【0060】
適当な抗糖尿病薬は、インスリン、GLP−1(グルカゴン様ペプチド−1)誘導体、例えば引用によって本明細書に組み入れられる、Novo Nordisk A/Sに対するWO 98/08871に開示されているもの、及び経口活性血糖降下薬、を含んで成る。
【0061】
経口活性血糖降下薬は、好ましくはスルホニル尿素、ビグアナイド、メグリチナイド(meglitinide)、グルコシダーゼ阻害剤、グルカゴンアンタゴニスト、例えば、Novo Nordisk A/S及びAgouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.に対するWO 99/01423に開示されているもの、GLP−1アゴニスト、カリウムチャネル開口固定薬、例えば、引用によって本明細書に組み入れられる、Novo Nordisk A/Sに対するWO 97/26265及びWO 99/03861に開示されているもの、DPP−IV(ジペプチジルペプチダーゼ−IV)阻害剤、糖新生及び/又は糖原分解の刺激に関与する肝臓の酵素の阻害剤、グルコース取り込み調節因子、脂質代謝を修飾する化合物、例えば抗高脂血症薬及び抗脂血薬、例えばHMG CoA阻害剤(スタチン)、食物摂取量を低下させる化合物、RXRアゴニスト及びβ細胞のATP−依存性カリウムチャネルに作用する物質、を含んで成る。
【0062】
本発明の1つの態様において、本発明の化合物は、インスリンと組み合わせて投与される。
【0063】
更なる態様において、本発明の化合物は、スルホニル尿素、例えばトルブタミド、グリベンクラミド、グリピジド(glipizide)又はグリカジド(glipizide)と組み合わせて投与される。
【0064】
別の態様において、本発明の化合物はビグアナイド、例えばメトホルミンと組み合わせて投与される。
【0065】
更に別の態様において、本発明の化合物は、メグリチナイド、例えばレパグリニドと組み合わせて投与される。
【0066】
更なる態様において、本発明の化合物は、α−グルコシダーゼ阻害剤、例えばミグリトール又はアカルボースと組み合わせて投与される。
【0067】
別の態様において、本発明の化合物は、β−細胞のATP−依存性カリウムチャネルに作用する物質、例えばトルブタミド、グリベンクラミド、グリピジド、グリカジド又はレパグリニドと組み合わせて投与される。
【0068】
更に、本発明の化合物は、ナテグリニドと組み合わせて投与されうる。
【0069】
更に別の態様において、本発明の化合物は、抗高脂血症薬又は抗脂血薬、例えばコレスチラミン、コレスチポール、クロフィブレート、ゲムフィブロジル、ロバスタチン、プラバスタチン、シンバスタチン、プロブコール、プロブコール又はデキストロチロキシンと組み合わせて投与される。
【0070】
更に別の態様において、本発明の化合物は、複数の上記化合物、例えばスルホニル尿素及びメトホルミン、スルホニル尿素及びアカルボース、レパグリニド及びメトホルミン、インスリン及びスルホニル尿素、インスリン及びメトホルミン、インスリン、インスリン及びロバスタチン等と組み合わせて投与される。
【0071】
更に、本発明の化合物は、1又は複数の血圧降下薬と組み合わせて投与されうる。血圧降下薬の例は、β遮断薬、例えばアルプレノロール、アテノロール、チモロール、ピンドロール、プロプラノロール及びメトプロロール、ACE(アンギオテンシン変換酵素)阻害剤、例えばベナゼプリル、カプトプリル、エナラプリル、フォシノプリル、リジノプリル、キナプリル及びラミプリル、カルシウムチャネル遮断薬、例えばニフェジピン、フェロジピン、ニカルジピン、イスラジピン、ニモジピン、ジルチアゼム及びベラパミル、並びにα遮断薬、例えばドキサゾシン、ウラピジル、プラゾシン及びテラゾシンである。更に、Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19thEdition, Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA, 1995が参照されることもある。
【0072】
本発明に従う化合物と、1又は複数の上記化合物、及び、任意に1又は複数の更に薬理学的に活性な物質、との任意な適当な組み合わせは、本発明の範囲内にあるとみなされると考えるべきである。
【0073】
本発明の化合物を含む医薬組成物は、Remington:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19thEd., 1995に記載のような常用の技術により製造され得る。組成物は、常用の形、例えばカプセル、錠剤、エアロゾル、溶液、懸濁液又は局部適用形で存在することがある。
【0074】
典型的な組成物は、式Iの化合物又は医薬として許容されるその酸付加塩、及び担体又は希釈剤であり得るか又は担体により希釈されるか、又はカプセル、サチェット、紙又は他の容器の形で存在することができる担体内に封入され得る医薬として許容される賦形剤を含む。組織物を製造する場合、医薬組成物の調製のための常用の技術が使用され得る。例えば、活性化合物が通常、担体と共に混合され、又は担体により希釈され、又はアンプル、カプセル、サチェット、紙、又は他の容器の形で存在する担体内に封入されるであろう。担体が希釈剤として作用する場合、それは、活性化合物のための賦形剤、補形薬又は媒体として作用する、固体、半固体又は液体材料であろう。活性化合物は、例えばサチェットにおける粒状固体容器上に吸着され得る。適切な担体のいくつかの例は、水、塩溶液、アルコール、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリヒドロキシエトキシ化されたヒマシ油、ピーナッツ油、オリーブ油、ゼラチン、ラクトース、白土、スクロース、シクロデキストリン、アミロース、ステアリン酸マグネシウム、タルク、ゼラチン、寒天、ペクチン、アカシア、ステアリン酸、又はセルロース、珪酸、脂肪酸、脂肪酸アミン、脂肪酸モノグリセリド及びジグリセリドの低級アルキルエーテル、ペンタエリトリトール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレン、ヒドロキシメチルセルロース及びポリビニルピロリドンである。同様に、担体又は希釈剤は、当業者において知られているいずれかの持効性材料、例えばグリセリルモノステアレート又はグリセリルジステアレート(単独で、又はワックスと混合される)を包含する。配合物はまた、湿潤剤、乳化剤及び懸濁剤、保存剤、甘味剤又は風味剤も含むことができる。本発明の配合はまた、当業界において良く知られている方法を用いることによって、患者への投与の後、活性成分のすばやい、持効性の、又は遅延された開放性を付与するよう配合され得る。
【0075】
医薬組成物は、減菌され、そして所望により、活性化合物と有害的に反応しない、補助剤、乳化剤、浸透圧に影響を与えるための塩、緩衝液及び/又は着色物質、及び同様のものと共に混合され得る。
【0076】
投与の経路は、作用の適切な又は所望する部位に活性化合物を効果的に輸送するいずれかの経路、例えば経口、鼻、肺、肺、経皮又は非経口、例えば直腸、皮下、静脈内、尿道内、筋肉内、鼻腔内経路、眼用溶液又は軟膏であってもよく、そして経口経路が好ましい。
【0077】
固体担体が経口投与のために使用される場合、製剤は錠剤化され、粉末又はペレット形で硬質ゼラチンカプセルに配置され得、又はそれはトローチ又はロゼンジの形で存在することができる。液体担体が使用される場合、調製物はシロップ、エマルジョン、軟質ゼラチンカプセル又は無菌注射用液体、例えば水性又は非水性液体懸濁液又は溶液の形で存在することができる。
【0078】
鼻腔投与の場合、調製物は、エアロゾル適用のために、液体担体、特に水性担体に溶解され又は懸濁された式Iの化合物を含むことがある。担体は、添加剤、例えば溶解剤、例えば、プロピレングリコール、界面活性剤、吸収増強剤、例えばレシチン(ホスファチジルコリン)又はシクロデキストリン、又は保存剤、例えばパラベンを含むことができる。
【0079】
非経口投与に関しては、ポリヒドロキシ化ヒマシ油に溶解された活性成分を含む、注射用溶液又は懸濁液、好ましくは水溶液が特に適切である。
【0080】
タルク及び/又は炭水化物担体又は結合剤等を有する錠剤、糖衣錠、又はカプセルが経口適用のために特に適している。錠剤、糖衣錠又はカプセルにとって好ましい担体は、ラクトース、コーンスターチ及び/又はジャガイモスターチを含む。シロップ又はエリクシルが、甘味賦形剤が使用される場合に用いられ得る。
【0081】
常用の錠剤化技術により調製され得る典型的な錠剤は、次のものを含むことがある:
コア:
活性化合物(遊離化合物又はその塩として) 5mg
コロイド状二酸化珪素(Aerosil) 1.5mg
セルロース、微結晶(Avicel) 70mg
修飾型セルロースガム(Ac−Di−Sol) 7.5mg
ステアリン酸マグネシウム 処方に従って
コーティング:
HPMC 約9mg
★Mywacett 9−40T 約0.9mg
★フィルムコーティングのために可塑剤として使用されるアシル化モノグリセリド。
【0082】
本発明の化合物は、血糖の制御に関連する疾病の処置、予防、排除、緩和又は改善の必要な哺乳類、特にヒトに投与され得る。その様な哺乳類はまた、動物、すなわち家畜動物、例えば家庭用ペット及び非家畜動物、例えば野生動物も包含する。
【0083】
本発明の化合物は、広い投与量範囲にわたって効果的である。例えば、成人の処置においては、1日当たり約0.05〜約100mg, 好ましくは約0.1〜約100mgの用量が使用され得る。最も好ましい用量は、1日当たり約0.1mg〜約70mgである。患者のための処方計画の選択において、1日当たり約2〜約70mgの用量で開始することが時おり必要であり、そして病状が制御下にある場合、1日当たり約0.1〜約10mgほどの低い用量に低める必要がある。正確な用量は、投与の態様、所望する治療、投与される形、処置される対象及び処置される対象の体重、及び担当の医者又は獣医の選択及び経験に依存するであろう。
【0084】
一般的に、本発明の化合物は、単位用量当たり約0.1〜約100mgの活性成分及び医薬として許容される担体を含んで成る単位剤形に分散される。
【0085】
通常、経口、鼻、肺又は経皮投与のために適切な剤形は、医薬として許容される担体又は希釈剤と混合された、約0.001mg〜約100mg、好ましくは約0.01mg〜約50mgの式(I)の化合物を含んで成る。
【0086】
本明細書に記載した任意の新規特徴又はその特徴の組み合わせは、本発明に必須であると考えられる。
【0087】
例
式Iの化合物及びそれらを含む調製物の製造方法は、以下の例において更に例示されるが、それらを限定として考えるべきではない。
【0088】
前記化合物の構造を、元素分析(MA)核磁気共鳴(NMR)又は質量分析計(MS)のいずれかによって確認した。NMRシフト(d)を100万当たりの部分(ppm)で与え、そして選択したピークのみを示す。mpは融点であり、そして℃で示される。カラムクロマトグラフィーを、W.C. Still等のJ. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2923−2925 に記載の技術を用いて、シリカゲル60上で行った。出発材料として使用した化合物は、知られている化合物か又は本質的に知られている方法によって容易に調製することの出来る化合物のいずれかである。
【0089】
略語:
TLC:薄層クロマトグラフィー
DMSO:ジメチルスルホキシド
CDCl3:重水素化クロロホルム
DMF:N, N−ジメチルホルムアミド
min:分
h:時間
【0090】
例1
【化5】
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−エニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩
2−ブテン−1,4−ジオール(0.5mmol,45mg)/THF(15ml)の溶液に対し、トリフェニルホスフィン(1.5mmol,393mg)を添加した。反応混合物を0℃に冷却し、そしてジエチルアゾジカルボキシラート(1.5mmol,261mg)を一滴ずつ添加し、続いてエチル3−(4−ヒドロキシフェニル)−2−エトキシ−プロピオン酸(2.0mmol,477mg)/THF(2ml)の溶液を添加した。反応物を0℃で2時間、そして室温で8日間撹拌した。水を添加し、そして混合物を塩化メチレン(2×25ml)で抽出した。一緒にした有機層を脱水し、そして粗製の表題の化合物を与えるために蒸発された。塩化メチレン:酢酸エチル(5:1)を用いるカラムクロマトグラフィー上での精製は、109mg(41%)の収量で純粋な表題の化合物を与えた。
1H−NMRδ(CDCl3)7.15(d,4H), 6.84(d,4H), 5.92(m,2H), 4.65(d,4H), 4.17(q,4H), 3.97(t,2H), 3.67−3.55(m,2H), 3.42−3.30(m,2H), 2.95(d,4H), 1.23(t,6H), 1.15(t,6H).
【0091】
例2
【化6】
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−ヒドロキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−エニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸、
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−エニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩(0.210mmol,109mg)を60℃に加熱することによってエタノール(7ml)中で溶解した。1M NaOH(2.3ml)を添加し、そして反応混合物を90℃で90分撹拌した。反応混合物を蒸発させ、そして1N HCl(6.5ml)及び塩化メチレン(30ml)を残査に添加した。有機層を回収し、そして水層を更に塩化メチレン(2×25ml)で抽出した。一緒にした有機層を脱水し、そして蒸発されて87mg(88%)の収量で表題の化合物を与えた。
1H−NMRδ(CDCl3)9.55(br.s,2H), 7.17(d,4H), 6.80(d,4H), 5.91(m,2H), 4.65(d,4H), 4.05(m,2H), 3.70−3.57(m,2H), 3.50−3.35(m,2H), 3.10−2.90(m,4H), 1.21(t,6H).
【0092】
例3
【化7】
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−((4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−メチル)−ベンジルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩、
2−ブテン−1,4−ジオールの代わりに1,4−ベンゼンジメタノールを用いて、例1に記載のように生成した。収量1.29g(60%)。
1H−NMRδ(CDCl3)7.45(s,4H), 7.15(d,4H), 6.85(d,4H), 5.04(s,4H), 4.16(q,4H), 3.97(t,2H), 3.70−3.51(m,2H), 3.45−3.27(m,2H), 3.95(d,4H), 1.4(t,6H), 1.15(t,6H).
【0093】
例4
【化8】
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−イニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩
2−ブテン−1,4−ジオールの代わりに2−ブチン−1,4−ジオールを用いて、例1に記載のように生成した。収量171mg(65%)。
1H−NMRδ(CDCl3)7.17(d,4H), 6.85(d,4H), 4.71(s,4H), 4.18(q,4H), 3.98(t,2H), 3.70−3.53(m,2H), 3.45−3.27(m,2H), 2.96(d,4H), 1.25(t,6H), 1.18(t,6H).
【0094】
例5
【化9】
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−((4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−メチル)−ベンジルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸
例2に記載のように生成した。収量135mg(86%)。
1H−NMRδ(CDCl3)7.37(s,4H), 7.08(d,4H), 6.80(d,4H), 4.98(s,4H), 3.99(m,2H), 3.60−3.36(m,4H), 3.05−2.85(m,4H), 1.14(t,6H).
【0095】
例6
【化10】
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−イニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸
例2に記載の様に生成した。収量150mg(100%)。
1H−NMRδ(CDCl3)7.5(br.s,2H), 7.16(d,4H), 6.85(d,4H), 4.68(s,4H), 4.04(m,2H), 3.68−3.57(m,2H), 3.50−3.37(m,2H), 3.12−2.93(m,4H), 1.17(t,6H).[0001]
Field of the invention:
The present invention relates to novel compounds or pharmaceutical compositions containing them, methods for preparing said compounds, and their use as medicaments. More specifically, the compounds of the present invention may be used in the treatment of conditions mediated by nuclear receptors, in particular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs).
[0002]
Background of the invention
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in patients with type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome (ie, patients in the “lethal quartet” category of impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and / or obesity). is there.
[0003]
The antihyperlipidemic fibrate and the antidiabetic thiazolidinedione are so effective or efficacious that they are the best single treatment for dyslipidemia often observed in patients with type II diabetes or metabolic candidate syndrome Although not targeted, they show moderately effective triglyceride-lowering activity, respectively. Thiazolidinedione also effectively lowers circulating glucose levels in animal models of type II diabetes and in humans. However, compounds of the fibrate class have no beneficial effect on glycemia. Studies on the molecular effects of these compounds have shown that thiazolidinedione and fibrate exert their effects by activating distinct transcription factors of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family, and both plasma triglyceride content Resulting in enhanced and reduced expression of specific enzymes and apolipoproteins, which are key players in the control of s. On the other hand, fibrates are PPARα activators that act mainly in the liver. On the other hand, thiazolidinedione is a high affinity ligand for PPARγ, which acts mainly on adipose tissue.
[0004]
Adipose tissue plays a central role in maintaining lipid homeostasis and energy balance in vertebrates. Fat cells store energy in the form of triglycerides during nutrient influx and release it in the form of free fatty acids in the event of nutrient deficiency. The formation of white adipose tissue is the result of a continuous differentiation process throughout life. Much evidence indicates a central role for PPARγ activation in initiating and regulating the differentiation of this cell. Some highly specialized proteins are induced during adipocyte differentiation, and most of these proteins are involved in fat storage and metabolism. The precise link from activation to change of PPARγ in glucose metabolism, most notably the decrease in insulin resistance in muscle, is also unclear. The chain in which activation of PPARγ may induce lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid transport protein (FATP) and acyl-CoA synthase (ACS) in adipose tissue, but not in muscle tissue, is linked to free fatty acids. Via. This dramatically lowers the concentration of free fatty acids in plasma and, due to substrate competition at the cellular level, skeletal muscle and other tissues with high metabolic rates can result in glucose oxidation from fatty acid oxidation. And eventually insulin resistance decreases.
[0005]
PPARα is involved in stimulating β-oxidation of fatty acids. In rodents, PPARα-mediated changes in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid metabolism are primarily restricted to the liver and kidney, and in rodents, pleiotropic cells may lead to hepatocarcinogenesis. It exists based on the phenomenon of pleiotropic cell response, based on the phenomenon of peroxisome proliferation, which is a sexual response. The phenomenon of peroxisome proliferation is not seen in humans. In addition to its role in peroxisome proliferation in rodents, PPARα has also been implicated in the regulation of HDL cholesterol in rodents and humans. This effect is based at least in part on PPARα-mediated transcriptional regulation of the major HDL apolipoproteins, apoA-I and apo-II. The hypotriglyceridemia effects of fibrates and fatty acids are also involved in PPARα and can be summarized as follows: (I) increased lipolysis of residual particles due to changes in lipoprotein lipase and apoC-III levels and Clearance, (II) stimulation of cellular fatty acid uptake by induction of fatty acid binding proteins and acyl-CoA synthase, and their subsequent conversion to acyl-CoA derivatives, (III) induction of the fatty acid β-oxidation pathway, (IV) Induction of fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis and, ultimately, (V) reduced VLDL production. Thus, the enhanced catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles and the reduced secretion of VLDL particles together constitute a mechanism that contributes to the hypolipidemic effect of fibrates.
[0006]
Many compounds have been reported to be useful in the treatment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia (US Pat. No. 5,306,726, PCT Publication Nos. WO91 / 19702, WO95). / 03038, WO96 / 04260, WO94 / 13650, WO94 / 01420, WO97 / 36579, WO97 / 25042, WO95 / 17394, WO99 / 08501, WO99 / 19313 and WO99 / 16758).
[0007]
Summary of the Invention:
Glucose lowering as a single approach has not overcome many of the complications associated with type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Therefore, new treatments for type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome must aim at reducing the apparent hypertriglyceridemia and reduction of hyperglycemia associated with these syndromes.
[0008]
The clinical activity of fibrate and thiazolidinedione has been investigated for compounds exhibiting combined PPARα and PPARγ activity, but has been studied in type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome (ie, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia and / or obesity). Suggests that it should lead to the discovery of effective glucose and triglyceride reducing agents with high potential in the treatment of disease.
[0009]
Detailed description of the invention:
Accordingly, the present invention provides a compound of the general formula (I):
Embedded image
(Where R1, R2, R3And R4Are, independently of one another, hydrogen, C1-12Alkyl, C2-12Alkenyl, C2-12Alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl or C1-6Alkoxy C1-6Alkyl, which are optionally substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy or amino; and
x1, X2, X3And x4Are independently of each other carbon, oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen; and
Y is C1-12Alkyl, C2-12Alkenyl, C2-12Alkynyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaralkyl, or alkylheteroaralkyl, which are optionally substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy or amino;
Ar1And Ar2Are independently aryl or heteroaryl, one or more of halogen, hydroxy, amino, aminoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, C1-6Alkyl or C1-6Or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, such as a racemic mixture, or any tautomerism About body type.
[0010]
Preferred compounds of the invention are:
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-enyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate,
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-hydroxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-enyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid,
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4-((4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -methyl) -benzyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate,
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-ynyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate,
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4-((4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -methyl) -benzyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid,
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-ynyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid;
Or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or mixture of optical isomers, such as a racemic mixture, or any tautomeric form.
[0011]
In the above structural formulas and throughout this specification, the following terms have the indicated meanings:
The term "C1-n '"Alkyl" (where n 'can be 2 to 12), as used herein, refers to a branched, straight or cyclic alkyl group having from 1 to the specified number of carbon atoms. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, iso-pentyl, hexyl, and the like, as well as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl , Cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and the like.
[0012]
The term "C2-n '“Alkenyl” (where n ′ can be 3 to 12), as used herein, is an olefinically unsaturated branch having from 2 to the specified number of carbon atoms and at least one double bond. Or represents a linear group. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, allyl, iso-propenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1-butenyl, hexenyl, pentenyl and the like.
[0013]
The term "C2-n '“Alkynyl” (where n ′ can be 3 to 12), as used herein, is an unsaturated branched or straight-chain having from 2 to the specified number of carbon atoms and at least one triple bond. Represents a group. Examples of such groups include, but are not limited to, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, and the like.
[0014]
The term "C1-6`` Alkoxy, '' as used herein, alone or in combination, designates a straight or branched or cyclic form of a bond attached through an ether oxygen having its free valence bond to the ether oxygen. Those C of length1-6It is meant to include an alkyl group. Examples of linear alkoxy groups are methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, pentoxy, hexoxy and the like. Examples of branched alkoxy are isopropoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, isopentoxy, isohexoxy and the like. Examples of cyclic alkoxy are cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy and the like.
[0015]
The term "C1-6Alkoxy C1-6“Alkyl”, as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a C alkyl as defined herein.1-6C as defined herein attached to an alkoxy1-6Reference is made to alkyl such as methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, methoxyethyl, ethoxyethyl and the like.
[0016]
The term "aryl" optionally refers to halogen, amino, hydroxy, C1-6Alkyl or C1-6Mention is made to include aromatic rings substituted with alkoxy and the like, for example carboxylic acid aromatic rings selected from the group consisting of phenyl, naphthyl, (1-naphthyl or 2-naphthyl) and the like.
[0017]
The term "halogen" means fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
[0018]
The term "heteroaryl," as used herein, alone or in combination, refers to a 5- to 6-membered monocyclic aromatic system containing one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur or 9 10-membered bicyclic aromatic systems such as furan, thiophene, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinazoline Quinoxaline, indole, benzimidazole, benzofuran, pteridine and purines.
[0019]
The term "arylalkyl," as used herein, is a straight or branched saturated carbon chain containing 1-6 carbon atoms substituted with an aromatic hydrocarbon; for example, benzyl, phenethyl, 3- Phenylpropyl, 1-naphthylmethyl, 2- (1-naphthyl) ethyl and the like.
[0020]
The term "heteroarylalkyl," as used herein, is a straight or branched saturated carbon chain containing 1 to 6 carbons, such as (2-furyl) methyl, substituted with a heteroaryl group. (3-furyl) methyl, (2-thienyl) methyl, (3-thienyl) methyl, (2-pyridyl) methyl, 1-methyl-1- (2-pyrimidyl) ethyl and the like.
[0021]
Some of the terms defined above may appear more than once in formula (I) above, and each such occurrence defines the individual term independently of the others. Should.
[0022]
The present invention also includes pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds of the present invention. Such salts include pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salts, pharmaceutically acceptable metal salts, ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts. Acid addition salts include salts of inorganic and organic acids. Examples of suitable inorganic acids include hydrochloric, hydrobromic, hydroiodic, phosphoric, sulfuric, nitric acids and the like. Examples of suitable organic acids are formic acid, acetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, dermal acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, oxalic acid Acid, picric acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, tartaric acid, ascorbic acid, pamoic acid, bismethylenesalicylic acid, ethanedisulfonic acid, gluconic acid, citraconic acid, aspartic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid Acid, EDTA, glycolic acid, p-aminobenzoic acid, glutamic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, sulfate, nitrate, phosphate, perchlorate, borate, acetate, benzoate, Hydroxynaphthoate, glycerophosphate, ketoglutarate and the like. Further examples of pharmaceutically acceptable inorganic or organic acid addition salts are described in J. Am. Pharm. sci. 1977, 66, 2 and pharmaceutically acceptable salts. Examples of metal salts include lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium salts and the like. Examples of ammonium and alkylated ammonium salts include the ammonium, methyl ammonium, dimethyl ammonium, trimethyl ammonium, ethyl ammonium, hydroxyethyl ammonium, diethyl ammonium, butyl ammonium, tetramethyl ammonium salts and the like. Examples of organic bases include lysine, arginine, guanidine, diethanolamine, choline and the like.
[0023]
Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include compounds of formula (I) and 1-4 equivalents of a base, such as sodium hydroxide, sodium methoxide, sodium hydride, potassium t-butoxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and the like. With a solvent such as ether, THF, methanol, t-butanol, dioxane, isopropanol, ethanol, and the like. Mixtures of solvents may be used. Organic bases such as lysine, arginine, diethanolamine, choline, guandin and their derivatives and the like can also be used. On the other hand, acid addition salts, where applicable, are acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, maleic acid, salicylic acid, hydroxylic acid. It is prepared by treatment with a solvent such as ethyl acetate, ether, alcohol, acetone, THF, dioxane or the like using naphthoic acid, ascorbic acid, palmitic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, tartaric acid or the like. Mixtures of solvents can also be used.
[0024]
The stereoisomers of the compounds forming part of the invention may, where possible, be prepared by using the reactants in their single enantiomeric form in the process or in the presence of reagents or catalysts. It can be prepared by performing the reaction in one enantiomeric form or by resolving a mixture of stereoisomers by conventional methods. Some preferred methods are formed where possible with chiral acids, such as mandelic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and the like, or chiral bases such as brucine, chinoki alkaloids and derivatives thereof, and the like. The use of microbial degradation to degrade diastereomers. A commonly used method is described in Jaques et al. , "Enantiomers, Racemates and Resolution" (Wiley Interscience, 1981). More specifically, compounds of formula (I) may be converted to a 1: 1 mixture of diastereomeric amides by treatment with a chiral amine, an amino acid, an amino alcohol derived from an amino acid; May be used to convert acids to amides; diastereomers may be separated by fractional crystallization or chromatography, and stereoisomers of compounds of formula (I) may be pure diastereomeric amides May be prepared by hydrolysis of
[0025]
The various polymorphs of the compounds of the general formula I which form part of the invention can be prepared by crystallization of the compounds of the formula I under different conditions. For example, different solvents or mixtures thereof commonly used for recrystallization; crystallization at different temperatures; various cooling modes ranging from very fast to very slow during crystallization. used. Polymorphs can also be obtained by heating or melting the compound followed by gradual or rapid cooling. The presence of a polymorph may be determined by solid probe NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, powder X-ray diffraction or other such techniques.
[0026]
Furthermore, the compounds of the formula I according to the invention can be used in the treatment and / or prevention of conditions mediated by nuclear receptors, in particular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs).
[0027]
The present invention also encompasses prodrugs of the compounds of the present invention that, upon administration, undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming active pharmacological agents. Usually, such prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of the present invention, which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound of formula (I). Conventional procedures for the selection and manufacture of suitable prodrugs are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs", ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.
[0028]
The present invention also includes active metabolites of the compounds of the present invention.
[0029]
In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for treating and / or preventing type I and type II diabetes, preferably type II diabetes.
[0030]
In a still further aspect, the present invention relates to one or more compounds or medicaments of the general formula I for the manufacture of a medicament for treating and / or preventing type I and type II diabetes, preferably type II diabetes. The use of such salts, which are acceptable as
[0031]
In a still further aspect, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating and / or preventing IGT.
[0032]
In a still further aspect, the compounds of the present invention are useful for treating and / or preventing type 2 diabetes.
[0033]
In a still further aspect, the compounds of the present invention are useful for delaying or preventing progression from IGT to type 2 diabetes.
[0034]
In a still further aspect, the compounds of the present invention are useful for delaying or preventing progression from type 2 diabetes that does not require insulin to type 2 diabetes that requires insulin.
[0035]
In another aspect, the compounds of the present invention lower blood glucose and triglyceride levels and are consequently useful for the treatment and / or prevention of diseases and disorders, such as diabetes and / or obesity.
[0036]
In yet another aspect, the compounds of the present invention provide insulin resistance (type 2 diabetes), impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, disorders associated with Syndrome X, such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, atherogenic Useful for the treatment and / or prevention of arteriosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases.
[0037]
In yet another aspect, the compounds of the invention are effective in reducing apoptosis in mammalian cells, eg, beta cells of the islets of Langerhans.
[0038]
In yet another aspect, the compounds of the present invention are useful for the treatment of some kidney diseases, such as glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, nephrotic syndrome, hypertensive renal sclerosis.
[0039]
In yet another aspect, the compounds of the invention are useful for improving cognitive function in dementia, treating diabetic complications, psoriasis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and reducing bone mass, eg, preventing osteoporosis. .
[0040]
The present invention also provides as active ingredient at least one compound of the formula I or any optical or geometric isomer or tautomer thereof, a mixture thereof or one or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or A diluent.
[0041]
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a compound of the general formula I for the treatment and / or prevention of conditions mediated by nuclear receptors, in particular peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR), such as the conditions mentioned above. It relates to the use of their tautomers, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, mixtures of their pharmaceutically acceptable salt optical isomers, such as racemic mixtures, or any tautomeric form.
[0042]
The invention also relates to the novel compounds mentioned above, their derivatives, their analogs, their tautomeric forms, their stereoisomers, their polymorphs, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts or their salts. And a method for producing a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate of the present invention.
[0043]
Compounds of formula I can be prepared as described below:
[0044]
Two molecules of the compound of formula II are combined with one molecule of formula III (where R1, R4, Ar1, X1, X2And Y are as described above, except that x2Is not carbon and R1Is not hydrogen, and L is a leaving group such as halogen, mesyloxy or hydroxy) under Mitsunobo conditions
Embedded image
R1= R2And R4= R3Giving a compound of formula I of the formula
Or reacting one molecule of Formula II with one molecule of Formula III, followed by the formation of a compound of Formula IV and a compound of Formula V, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, Ar1, Ar2, X1, X2, X3, X4And Y are as described above, except that x2And x3Is not carbon and R1And R2Is not hydrogen, and L is a leaving group such as halogen, mesyloxy or hydroxy) under Mitsunobo conditions
Embedded image
Providing a compound of formula I,
Or R different from hydrogen1And R2Hydrolyzing a compound of formula I having the formula1= R2= Hydrogen to give a compound of formula I.
[0045]
Pharmacological methods:
Activation activity of PPARalpha and PPARgamma in vitro
principle:
The PPAR gene transcription activation assay was based on transient transfection of two plasmids encoding the chimeric test protein and the reporter protein into human HEK293 cells, respectively. The chimeric test protein was a fusion of the DNA binding domain (DBD) from the yeast GAL4 transcription factor to the ligand binding domain (LBD) of the human PPAR protein. The PPAR LBD also contained, in addition to the ligand binding pocket, a native activation domain (activating function 2 = AF2) that allows the function of the fusion protein as a PPAR ligand-dependent transcription factor. The GAL4 DBD will bind the fusion protein only to the Gal4 enhancer (not present in HEK293 cells). The reporter plasmid contained a Gal4 enhancer that drives expression of the firefly luciferase protein. After transfection, HEK293 cells expressed the GAL4-DBD-PPAR-LBD fusion protein. The fusion protein in turn binds to the Gal4 enhancer, which controls luciferase expression, and does nothing in the absence of ligand. Upon addition of the PPAR ligand to the cells, the luciferase protein will be produced in an amount corresponding to activation of the PPAR protein. The amount of luciferase protein is measured by luminescence after addition of the appropriate substrate.
[0046]
Method:
Cell culture and transfection: HEK293 cells were grown in DMEM + 10% FCS, 1% PS. Cells were seeded in 96-well plates prior to transfection so that they were 80% confluent at the time of transfection. 0.8 μg DNA / well was transfected with FuGene transfection reagent according to the manufacturer's instructions (Boehringer-Mannheim). The cells were left for 48 hours to express the protein, followed by addition of the compound.
[0047]
Plasmids: Human PPARα and γ were obtained by PCR amplification using cDNA templates from liver, intestine and adipose tissue, respectively. The amplified cDNA was cloned into pCR2.1 and sequenced. The LBDs from the individual isoforms PPAR were generated by PCR (PPARα: aa167-C-terminus; PPARγ: aa165-C-terminus), and the fragments were read in frame into the vector pM1 producing the plasmids pM1αLBD and pM1γLBD. It was fused to GAL4-DBD by subcloning. Confirmation of the fusion was confirmed by sequencing. The reporter was constructed by inserting an oligonucleotide encoding five repeats of the Gal4 recognition sequence into the pGL2 vector (Promega).
[0048]
Compounds: All compounds were dissolved in DMSO and diluted 1: 1000 based on addition to cells. Cells were treated with compound for 24 hours (1: 1000 in 200 μl growth medium with delipidated serum), followed by luciferase assay.
[0049]
Luciferase assay: The medium containing the test compound is aspirated and 1 mM Mg2+And Ca2+Was added to each well. Luciferase assays were performed using the LucLite kit according to the manufacturer's instructions (Packard Instruments). Luminescence was quantified by counting SPC mode on a Packard Instruments top-counter.
[0050]
Pharmaceutical composition:
In another aspect, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising as active substance at least one compound of general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Includes things within its scope.
[0051]
The compounds of the present invention may be used to treat and / or prevent one or more further pharmacologically active substances, such as antiobesity agents, antidiabetic agents, antihypertensive agents, complications resulting from or associated with diabetes. For the treatment and / or prevention of complications and diseases resulting from or associated with obesity.
[0052]
Thus, in a further aspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention may be administered in combination with one or more anti-obesity agents or appetite regulating substances.
[0053]
Such substances include CART (cocaine amphetamine regulated transcription) agonists, NPY (neuropeptide Y) antagonists, MC4 (melanocortin 4) agonists, orexin antagonists, TNF (tumor necrosis factor) agonists, CRF (corticotropin releasing factor) agonists, CRF BP (corticotropin releasing factor binding protein) antagonist, urocortin agonist, β3 agonist, MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone) agonist, MCH (melanocyte aggregation hormone) antagonist, CCK (corcystokinin) agonist, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, Serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, mixed serotonin and noradrenaline compound, 5HT (serotonin) agonist, bombesi Agonist, galanin antagonist, growth hormone, growth hormone releasing compound, TRH (thyroid stimulating hormone releasing hormone) agonist, UCP 2 or 3 (uncoupling protein 2 or 3) modulator, leptin agonist, DA agonist (bromocriptine, doprexin) ), Lipase / amylase inhibitors, RXR (retinoid X receptor) modulators or TRβ agonists.
[0054]
In one aspect of the invention, the anti-obesity agent is leptin.
[0055]
In another embodiment, the antiobesity agent is dexamphetamine or amphetamine.
[0056]
In another embodiment, the antiobesity agent is fenfluramine or dexfenfluramine.
[0057]
In yet another embodiment, the antiobesity agent is sibutramine.
[0058]
In a further embodiment, the antiobesity agent is orlistat.
[0059]
In another embodiment, the anti-obesity agent is mazindol or phentermine.
[0060]
Suitable antidiabetic agents are insulin, GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) derivatives, such as those disclosed in WO 98/08871 to Novo Nordisk A / S, which is incorporated herein by reference, and oral. An active hypoglycemic drug.
[0061]
Orally active hypoglycemic agents are preferably sulfonylureas, biguanides, meglitinides, glucosidase inhibitors, glucagon antagonists, such as Novo Nordisk A / S and Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. GLP-1 agonists, potassium channel openers, such as those disclosed in WO 99/01423 to WO 97/26265 and WO 99/03861 to Novo Nordisk A / S, which are incorporated herein by reference. Disclosed are DPP-IV (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV) inhibitors, inhibitors of liver enzymes involved in stimulating gluconeogenesis and / or glycogenolysis, regulators of glucose uptake, compounds that modify lipid metabolism Eg, antihyperlipidemic and antilipidemic agents such as HMG CoA inhibitors (statins), compounds that reduce food intake, RXR agonists and substances that act on ATP-dependent potassium channels in β-cells. Consists of
[0062]
In one aspect of the invention, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with insulin.
[0063]
In a further embodiment, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a sulfonylurea such as, for example, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide or glipizide.
[0064]
In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a biguanide, such as, for example, metformin.
[0065]
In yet another aspect, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with a meglitinide, such as repaglinide.
[0066]
In a further embodiment, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an [alpha] -glucosidase inhibitor such as, for example, miglitol or acarbose.
[0067]
In another embodiment, the compounds of the invention are administered in combination with an agent that acts on ATP-dependent potassium channels in β-cells, such as, for example, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, glipizide, glicazide or repaglinide.
[0068]
Further, the compounds of the present invention can be administered in combination with nateglinide.
[0069]
In yet another embodiment, the compound of the invention is combined with an anti-hyperlipidemic or anti-lipidemic agent such as cholestyramine, colestipol, clofibrate, gemfibrozil, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin, probucol, probucol or dextrothyroxine. Administered in combination.
[0070]
In yet another aspect, the compounds of the invention are combined with a plurality of the above compounds, such as sulfonylurea and metformin, sulfonylurea and acarbose, repaglinide and metformin, insulin and sulfonylurea, insulin and metformin, insulin, insulin and lovastatin and the like. Is administered.
[0071]
Further, the compounds of the present invention can be administered in combination with one or more antihypertensive agents. Examples of antihypertensives include beta-blockers such as alprenolol, atenolol, timolol, pindolol, propranolol and metoprolol, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) inhibitors such as benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, quinapril and ramipril, Calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, felodipine, nicardipine, isradipine, nimodipine, diltiazem and verapamil, and alpha blockers such as doxazosin, urapidil, prazosin and terazosin. Further, Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19thEdition, Gennaro, Ed. , Mack Publishing Co., Ltd .; , Easton, PA, 1995.
[0072]
Any suitable combination of a compound according to this invention with one or more of the above compounds, and optionally one or more further pharmacologically active substances, is considered to be within the scope of this invention. You have to think.
[0073]
Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds of the present invention are described in Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19thEd. , 1995, by conventional techniques. The compositions may be in conventional forms, for example, capsules, tablets, aerosols, solutions, suspensions or topical applications.
[0074]
A typical composition is a compound of Formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof, and may be or be diluted with a carrier or diluent, or in a capsule, sachet, paper or other container. And a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient that can be encapsulated in a carrier that can be in a form. When producing tissue, conventional techniques for the preparation of pharmaceutical compositions can be used. For example, the active compound will usually be mixed with or diluted with a carrier, or enclosed in a carrier which is present in the form of an ampoule, capsule, sachet, paper or other container. If the carrier acts as a diluent, it may be a solid, semi-solid or liquid material, which acts as an excipient, excipient or vehicle for the active compound. The active compound can be adsorbed on a particulate solid container, for example in a sachet. Some examples of suitable carriers include water, saline, alcohol, polyethylene glycol, polyhydroxyethoxylated castor oil, peanut oil, olive oil, gelatin, lactose, clay, sucrose, cyclodextrin, amylose, magnesium stearate. Talc, gelatin, agar, pectin, acacia, stearic acid, or lower alkyl ethers of cellulose, silicic acid, fatty acids, fatty acid amines, fatty acid monoglycerides and diglycerides, pentaerythritol fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene, hydroxymethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone. Similarly, the carrier or diluent includes any long-lasting material known in the art, such as glyceryl monostearate or glyceryl distearate, alone or mixed with a wax. The formulation may also contain wetting, emulsifying and suspending agents, preservatives, sweetening or flavoring agents. The formulations of the present invention may also be formulated to provide quick, sustained, or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to a patient by employing methods well known in the art. obtain.
[0075]
The pharmaceutical compositions are sterilized and, if desired, with adjuvants, emulsifiers, salts for affecting osmotic pressure, buffers, and / or coloring substances and the like, which do not deleteriously react with the active compound. Can be mixed.
[0076]
The route of administration may be any route which effectively delivers the active compound to the appropriate or desired site of action, for example oral, nasal, pulmonary, pulmonary, transdermal or parenteral, for example rectal, subcutaneous, intravenous, It may be intraurethral, intramuscular, intranasal route, ophthalmic solution or ointment, and oral route is preferred.
[0077]
If a solid carrier is used for oral administration, the preparation may be tabletted, placed in a hard gelatin capsule in powder or pellet form, or it can be in the form of a troche or lozenge. When a liquid carrier is used, the preparation may be in the form of a syrup, emulsion, soft gelatin capsule or sterile injectable liquid such as an aqueous or non-aqueous liquid suspension or solution.
[0078]
For nasal administration, the preparation may contain a compound of formula I dissolved or suspended in a liquid carrier, especially an aqueous carrier, for aerosol application. The carrier can include additives such as a solubilizer such as propylene glycol, a surfactant, an absorption enhancer such as lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) or cyclodextrin, or a preservative such as paraben.
[0079]
For parenteral administration, injection solutions or suspensions, preferably aqueous solutions, containing the active ingredients dissolved in polyhydroxylated castor oil, are particularly suitable.
[0080]
Tablets, dragees or capsules with talc and / or carbohydrate carriers or binders and the like are particularly suitable for oral application. Preferred carriers for tablets, dragees or capsules include lactose, corn starch and / or potato starch. A syrup or elixir may be used if a sweetening excipient is used.
[0081]
Typical tablets that can be prepared by conventional tableting techniques may include:
core:
5 mg of active compound (as free compound or salt thereof)
Colloidal silicon dioxide (Aerosil) 1.5mg
Cellulose, microcrystal (Avicel) 70mg
7.5 mg of modified cellulose gum (Ac-Di-Sol)
Magnesium stearate according to prescription
coating:
HPMC about 9mg
★Mywacet 9-40T about 0.9mg
★Acylated monoglycerides used as plasticizers for film coating.
[0082]
The compounds of the present invention can be administered to a mammal, especially a human, in need of treatment, prevention, elimination, alleviation or amelioration of a disease associated with the control of blood glucose. Such mammals also include animals, ie, domestic animals, such as domestic pets, and non-domestic animals, such as wildlife.
[0083]
The compounds of the present invention are effective over a wide dosage range. For example, in the treatment of an adult, a dose of about 0.05 to about 100 mg per day, preferably about 0.1 to about 100 mg, may be used. The most preferred dose is from about 0.1 mg to about 70 mg per day. In selecting a regimen for a patient, it is sometimes necessary to begin with a dose of about 2 to about 70 mg per day, and when the condition is under control, from about 0.1 to about 10 mg per day. Need to lower to lower dose. The exact dose will depend on the mode of administration, the desired treatment, the form to be administered, the subject being treated and the weight of the subject being treated, and the choice and experience of the attending physician or veterinarian.
[0084]
Generally, the compounds of the present invention are dispersed in unit dosage form comprising from about 0.1 to about 100 mg of active ingredient per unit dose and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
[0085]
Generally, dosage forms suitable for oral, nasal, pulmonary or transdermal administration are from about 0.001 mg to about 100 mg, preferably from about 0.01 mg to about 100 mg, mixed with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent. Comprising 50 mg of a compound of formula (I).
[0086]
Any novel feature or combination of features described herein is considered essential to the invention.
[0087]
An example
The preparation of the compounds of the formula I and the preparations containing them are further illustrated in the following examples, which should not be considered as limiting.
[0088]
The structure of the compound was confirmed by either elemental analysis (MA) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or mass spectrometry (MS). NMR shifts (d) are given in parts per million (ppm) and only selected peaks are shown. mp is the melting point and is given in ° C. Column chromatography was performed using W.I. C. Still et al. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 2923-2925, using silica gel 60. The compounds used as starting materials are either known compounds or compounds which can easily be prepared by methods known per se.
[0089]
Abbreviations:
TLC: Thin layer chromatography
DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide
CDCl3: deuterated chloroform
DMF: N, N-dimethylformamide
min: minute
h: time
[0090]
Example 1
Embedded image
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-enyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate
To a solution of 2-butene-1,4-diol (0.5 mmol, 45 mg) / THF (15 ml) was added triphenylphosphine (1.5 mmol, 393 mg). The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 ° C. and diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.5 mmol, 261 mg) was added dropwise, followed by ethyl 3- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-ethoxy-propionic acid (2.0 mmol). , 477 mg) / THF (2 ml). The reaction was stirred at 0 ° C. for 2 hours and at room temperature for 8 days. Water was added and the mixture was extracted with methylene chloride (2 × 25 ml). The combined organic layers were dried and evaporated to give the crude title compound. Purification on column chromatography using methylene chloride: ethyl acetate (5: 1) gave the pure title compound in 109 mg (41%) yield.
1H-NMR δ (CDCl3) 7.15 (d, 4H), 6.84 (d, 4H), 5.92 (m, 2H), 4.65 (d, 4H), 4.17 (q, 4H), 3.97 ( t, 2H), 3.67-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.95 (d, 4H), 1.23 (t, 6H), 1 .15 (t, 6H).
[0091]
Example 2
Embedded image
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-hydroxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-enyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid,
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-enyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate (0.210 mmol , 109 mg) were dissolved in ethanol (7 ml) by heating to 60 ° C. 1M NaOH (2.3 ml) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 90 ° C. for 90 minutes. The reaction mixture was evaporated and 1N HCl (6.5 ml) and methylene chloride (30 ml) were added to the residue. The organic layer was collected and the aqueous layer was further extracted with methylene chloride (2 × 25 ml). The combined organic layers were dried and evaporated to give the title compound in a yield of 87 mg (88%).
1H-NMR δ (CDCl39.) 9.55 (br.s, 2H), 7.17 (d, 4H), 6.80 (d, 4H), 5.91 (m, 2H), 4.65 (d, 4H), 05 (m, 2H), 3.70-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.35 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.90 (m, 4H), 1.21 ( t, 6H).
[0092]
Example 3
Embedded image
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4-((4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -methyl) -benzyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate,
Prepared as described in Example 1 using 1,4-benzenedimethanol in place of 2-butene-1,4-diol. Yield 1.29 g (60%).
1H-NMR δ (CDCl3) 7.45 (s, 4H), 7.15 (d, 4H), 6.85 (d, 4H), 5.04 (s, 4H), 4.16 (q, 4H), 3.97 ( t, 2H), 3.70-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.27 (m, 2H), 3.95 (d, 4H), 1.4 (t, 6H), 1 .15 (t, 6H).
[0093]
Example 4
Embedded image
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-ynyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate
Produced as described in Example 1 using 2-butyne-1,4-diol instead of 2-butene-1,4-diol. Yield 171 mg (65%).
1H-NMR δ (CDCl3) 7.17 (d, 4H), 6.85 (d, 4H), 4.71 (s, 4H), 4.18 (q, 4H), 3.98 (t, 2H), 3.70 − 3.53 (m, 2H), 3.45-3.27 (m, 2H), 2.96 (d, 4H), 1.25 (t, 6H), 1.18 (t, 6H).
[0094]
Example 5
Embedded image
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4-((4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -methyl) -benzyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid
Produced as described in Example 2. Yield 135 mg (86%).
1H-NMR δ (CDCl3) 7.37 (s, 4H), 7.08 (d, 4H), 6.80 (d, 4H), 4.98 (s, 4H), 3.99 (m, 2H), 3.60 − 3.36 (m, 4H), 3.05-2.85 (m, 4H), 1.14 (t, 6H).
[0095]
Example 6
Embedded image
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-ynyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid
Produced as described in Example 2. Yield 150 mg (100%).
1H-NMR δ (CDCl32.) 7.5 (br.s, 2H), 7.16 (d, 4H), 6.85 (d, 4H), 4.68 (s, 4H), 4.04 (m, 2H), 68-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.50-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.12-2.93 (m, 4H), 1.17 (t, 6H).
Claims (14)
x1, x2, x3及びx4は互いに独立して炭素、酸素、硫黄又は窒素であり;そして
YはC1−12アルキル、C2−12アルケニル、C2−12アルキニル、アリール、アラルキル、ヘテロアリール、ヘテロアラルキル、又はアルキルヘテロアラルキルであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ又はアミノで任意に置換され;そして
Ar1及びAr2は、互いに独立してアリール又はヘテロアリールであり、これらは1又は複数のハロゲン、ヒドロキシ、アミノ、アミノアルキル、カルボキシアルキル、C1−6アルキル又はC1−6アルコキシで任意に置換される)の化合物、又は医薬として許容される酸若しくは塩基とのそれらの塩、あるいは任意な光学異性体又は光学異性体の混合物、例えばラセミ体混合物、あるいは任意な互変異性体型。General formula (I)
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−ヒドロキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−エニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸、
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−((4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−メチル)−ベンジルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩、
エチル2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−イニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸塩、
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−((4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−メチル)−ベンジルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸、
2−エトキシ−3−(4−(4−(4−(2−エトキシ−2−エトキシカルボニル−エチル)−フェニルオキシ)−ブタ−2−イニルオキシ)−フェニル)−プロピオン酸;
である、請求項1に記載の化合物、又は医薬として許容される酸若しくは塩基とのそれらの塩、あるいは任意な光学異性体又は光学異性体の混合物、例えばラセミ体混合物、あるいは任意な互変異性体型。Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-enyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate,
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-hydroxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-enyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid,
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4-((4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -methyl) -benzyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate,
Ethyl 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-ynyloxy) -phenyl) -propionate,
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4-((4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -methyl) -benzyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid,
2-ethoxy-3- (4- (4- (4- (2-ethoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-ethyl) -phenyloxy) -but-2-ynyloxy) -phenyl) -propionic acid;
The compound according to claim 1, or a salt thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid or base, or any optical isomer or a mixture of optical isomers, such as a racemic mixture, or any tautomerism Body type.
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CN1543451A (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2004-11-03 | Receptor modulators activated by peroxizonal proliferators (ppar) | |
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WO2004056740A1 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2004-07-08 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Dicarboxylic acid derivatives as ppar-agonists |
ITRM20030305A1 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2004-12-21 | Sigma Tau Ind Farmaceuti | PREPARATION OF NEW DERIVATIVES OF FENYL ACID OR PHENOXYKYL MONO AND DIACARBOXY USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERGLYCAEMIA AND TYPICAL HYPERTRIGLYCERIDEMIA OF TYPE II DIABETES. |
JP4074616B2 (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2008-04-09 | 武田薬品工業株式会社 | 3- (4-Benzyloxyphenyl) propanoic acid derivatives |
AU2004309271A1 (en) * | 2003-12-25 | 2005-07-14 | Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited | 3-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)propanoic acid derivatives |
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JP2011522828A (en) | 2008-06-04 | 2011-08-04 | シナジー ファーマシューティカルズ インコーポレイテッド | Guanylate cyclase agonists useful for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, cancer, and other disorders |
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JP2013520502A (en) | 2010-02-25 | 2013-06-06 | メルク・シャープ・エンド・ドーム・コーポレイション | Novel cyclic benzimidazole derivatives that are useful anti-diabetic drugs |
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