JP2004297905A - Cogeneration system and operation method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cogeneration system that brings about further energy saving. <P>SOLUTION: For constituting the cogeneration system that performs power-load following operation for adjusting the output of the cogeneration system, in a range of minimum output to maximum output, depending on a power load, an operation control part is constituted so as to control a time-serial power load and a thermal load, and to perform operation by setting the minimum output or the maximum output, or both the outputs corresponding to excessive and deficient amounts of a thermal output, with respect to the thermal load generated by performing the power-load following operation. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is provided with a cogeneration system capable of adjusting the output by outputting power and heat, and operation control means for controlling the operation of the cogeneration system,
The operation control means performs a power load following operation that adjusts the output of the cogeneration system within a range from a minimum output to a maximum output according to the power load so as to substantially cover the required power load. Related to cogeneration systems.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The cogeneration system as described above includes, for example, a fuel cell as a cogeneration device, and can consume power output from the cogeneration device, and stores the output heat in, for example, hot water storage tank as hot water. It is configured as follows.
[0003]
In the cogeneration system as described above, conventionally, the operation control means, while covering the power load, turns the output to heat consumption when there is heat demand, and executes heat recovery when there is no heat demand. Heat is dissipated (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
[0004]
When such a power load following operation is performed, the output of the combined heat and power supply is adjusted so as to cover the required power load within a preset minimum output to maximum output.
Conventionally, the minimum output to the maximum output are specific to the apparatus, and their values have not been changed.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-258293 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional cogeneration system, although the operation control means can perform the power load following operation to cover the power load, it does not correspond to the required heat load, and the heat load does not correspond to the current heat load. In many cases, an excessive heat state or a heat shortage state that cannot cover the heat load occurs.
[0007]
That is, for example, when the power load is large and the heat load is small, such as in the summer, when the operation control unit performs the power load following operation, heat surpluses the current heat load, and a surplus heat state occurs. .
Conversely, if the operation control unit performs the power load following operation when the heat load is large, such as in winter, the heat load cannot be covered, and a heat shortage state occurs.
[0008]
When a surplus heat state occurs, the surplus heat is stored in, for example, a hot water storage tank or the like, but the heat stored in the hot water storage tank is simply dissipated without being used, thereby reducing the efficiency of the system. .
Further, when a heat shortage state occurs, a burner or the like, which is an auxiliary heating mechanism, is operated to cover a heat load, so that the efficiency of the system is reduced.
[0009]
The present invention has been made in view of such a point, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cogeneration system capable of realizing further energy saving. Another object of the present invention is to obtain an operation method capable of performing such an operation.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve this object, according to the invention described in claim 1,
A combined heat and power supply that can output power and heat to adjust the output, and an operation control unit that controls operation of the combined heat and power supply are provided,
In the cogeneration system, wherein the operation control means performs a power load following operation in which the output of the cogeneration system is adjusted according to a power load within a range from a minimum output to a maximum output.
The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load and a heat load, and is generated by performing the power load following operation, according to an excess or deficiency of a heat output with respect to the heat load, The operation is performed by setting the minimum output or the maximum output or both.
[0011]
That is, since the operation control unit manages the time-series power load and the time-series heat load, the operation control unit performs the power-load following operation on the time-series power load, thereby obtaining the time-series power load. It is possible to capture the excess or deficiency of the heat output and the heat load.
[0012]
The operation control means performs the operation by setting the maximum output, the minimum output, or both of them, according to the excess or deficiency of the heat load generated by performing the power load following operation.
[0013]
As a result, the fluctuation range of the output is within the range between the maximum output and the minimum output. As a result, the power output is limited according to the heat load, and the overall efficiency in consideration of the power and heat is reduced. Thus, it is possible to reduce waste of heat output and improve system efficiency.
In order to obtain such an effect, it is conceivable to control the output itself of the cogeneration system based on, for example, the present heat load or the prediction of the future heat load. Making changes quickly and responsively can be challenging. Therefore, by performing the update setting of the upper and lower limit settings such as the maximum output and the minimum output without performing the change according to the heat load of the output in on-time, the excess heat exceeding the predetermined range and the heat shortage state can be eliminated. Can respond well.
[0014]
From the above, according to the first aspect of the present invention, it is possible to provide a cogeneration system capable of realizing further energy saving.
[0015]
In this case, a combined heat and power device that outputs power and heat to adjust the output, and an operation control unit that controls the operation of the combined heat and power device are provided,
The cogeneration system in which the operation control unit performs an electric power load following operation that adjusts an output of the cogeneration system according to an electric power load within a range from a minimum output to a maximum output, as described in claim 7. ,
The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load and a heat load, and is generated by performing the power load following operation, according to an excess or deficiency of a heat output with respect to the heat load, The minimum output and / or the maximum output are set, and the operation is performed within the range between the set maximum output and minimum output.
[0016]
According to the second aspect of the present invention, the heat generated by performing the power load following operation is larger than the heat load, and in a surplus heat state where the heat is excessive, the surplus heat treatment for recovering or radiating excess heat. Equipped with equipment,
The operation control means sets the minimum output or the maximum output or both of them according to the amount of heat to be processed by the excess heat treatment equipment or the processing time corresponding to the amount of heat to be processed.
[0017]
The operating state of the surplus heat treatment equipment is representative of the state in which the operation of the cogeneration unit provided in the system is operating in the surplus heat state, so the maximum output or the minimum output depends on the amount of heat or the processing time of this equipment. By setting both, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of the excessive heat state as much as possible.
In this case, the maximum output is set lower as the amount of heat to be processed and the time are larger.
This kind of surplus heat mainly includes heat that is radiated and discarded, but also includes recovered heat that cannot be used due to the relationship with the heat load.
[0018]
According to the invention described in claim 3, the heat generated by performing the power load following operation is smaller than the heat load, and in a heat-deficient state in which the heat is insufficient, an insufficient heat supplement device that supplements the insufficient heat is provided. ,
The operation control means sets the minimum output or the maximum output or both of them according to a supplementary heat amount of the insufficient heat supplementary device or a supplementary time corresponding to the supplementary heat amount.
[0019]
The operating state of the insufficient heat supplementary device indicates that the operation of the combined heat and power unit provided in the system is operating in a state of insufficient heat. By setting both outputs, it is possible to avoid the occurrence of a heat shortage state as much as possible.
In this case, the minimum output is set higher as the amount of heat to be processed and the time are larger.
[0020]
Further, according to the invention as set forth in claim 4, a heat recovery device for heating water by heat output to obtain hot water is provided, and the operation control means controls the minimum temperature according to a temperature of the water to be heated. The output, the maximum output, or both are set.
[0021]
The heat output can be used by converting water into hot water, but the heat demand (heat load) used in the heat recovery equipment largely depends on the water temperature. That is, in a situation where the water temperature in summer is high, a surplus state tends to occur, and in a situation where the water temperature is low in winter, heat shortage tends to occur.
This situation is a situation in which the heat and power supply side needs to control the heat output side, which is a problem of the present application. Therefore, by setting the maximum output and / or the minimum output according to the water temperature, the upper limit and the lower limit of the follow-up control can be set, and waste of the heat output can be eliminated.
In this case, the higher the water temperature, the lower the maximum output and the lower the minimum output.
[0022]
According to the invention as set forth in claim 6, the cogeneration system is a 24-hour operation device that is continuously operated for 24 hours, and the excess / deficiency amount is managed every predetermined period, and the minimum output or The maximum power or both are set.
Although the present application is intended to appropriately cope with the heat load, for example, when looking at the heat demand of each home, there is a large fluctuation in the heat demand in daily units or time zones.
Furthermore, for example, the heat demand pattern differs greatly between a home bathing every day and a home bathing every other day.
On the other hand, in a device such as a fuel cell which should respond to the power demand, the device is operated continuously for 24 hours to cope with the power load, so that an imbalance is easily generated between the power load and the heat load. Therefore, in the operation of the cogeneration system that basically takes the form of electric main operation, it is necessary to appropriately consider the heat load according to the period set according to the situation.
[0023]
Then, for example, a predetermined period corresponding to each household's life pattern is individually set, and the maximum output and the minimum output are set according to the amount of excess or deficiency on the heat side within the predetermined period. When the operation is performed, as a result, a more efficient operating condition can be realized. Therefore, an appropriate low energy effect can be obtained every period.
[0024]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
A cogeneration system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
〔system〕
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cogeneration system collects a fuel cell 1 as a cogeneration system and heat output from the fuel cell 1 with cooling water, and utilizes the cooling water. A hot water storage unit 4 for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 and supplying a heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3, and an operation control unit 5 as operation control means for controlling the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the hot water storage unit 4. I have.
[0025]
(Power system)
The fuel cell 1 is configured to output power and heat to adjust the output, and an inverter 6 for system link is provided on the power output side of the fuel cell 1. 1 is configured to have the same voltage and the same frequency as the electric power supplied from the commercial system 7.
The commercial system 7 is, for example, a single-phase three-wire 100/200 V, and is electrically connected to a power load 9 such as a television, a refrigerator, and a washing machine via a commercial power supply line 8.
[0026]
The inverter 6 is electrically connected to the commercial power supply line 8 via the cogeneration supply line 10, and supplies the power generated from the fuel cell 1 to the power load 9 via the inverter 6 and the cogeneration supply line 10. It is configured to supply.
[0027]
The commercial power supply line 8 is provided with power load measuring means 11 for measuring the load power of the power load 9. The power load measuring means 11 is also configured to detect whether or not a reverse power flow occurs in the current flowing through the commercial power supply line 8.
Then, the power supplied from the fuel cell 1 to the commercial power supply line 8 is controlled by the inverter 6 so that the reverse power flow does not occur, and the surplus power of the generated power is recovered by replacing the surplus power with heat. It is configured to be supplied to the heater 12.
[0028]
The electric heater 12 is composed of a plurality of electric heaters, is provided so as to heat the cooling water of the fuel cell 1 flowing through the cooling water circulation path 13 by the operation of the cooling water circulation pump 15, and is connected to the output side of the inverter 6. The operation switch 14 is configured to be turned ON / OFF.
The operation switch 14 is configured to adjust the power consumption of the electric heater 12 according to the magnitude of the surplus power so that the power consumption of the electric heater 12 increases as the magnitude of the surplus power increases. I have.
[0029]
(Thermal system)
The hot water storage unit 4 includes a hot water storage tank 2 for storing hot water in a state where a temperature stratification is formed, a hot water circulation pump 17 that circulates hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 through a hot water circulation path 16, and a hot water supply water through a heat source circulation path 20. A heat source circulation pump 21 for circulation, a heat medium circulation pump 23 for circulating and supplying a heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3 through a heat medium circulation path 22, a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 for heating hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16, The heat source heat exchanger 25 for heating the hot water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20, the heat medium heating heat exchanger 26 for heating the heat medium flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22, and the fan 27 are operated. And an auxiliary heating heat exchanger 29 for heating the hot and cold water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 by the combustion of the burner 28 and the hot and cold water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20. That.
[0030]
The hot water circulation path 16 is branched and connected so that a part thereof is in parallel, a three-way valve 18 is provided at the connection point, and a radiator 19 is provided in one of the branched flow paths. I have.
By switching the three-way valve 18, the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to pass through the radiator 19, and the hot water taken out from the lower part of the hot water storage tank 2 is circulated so as to bypass the radiator 19. It is configured to switch to a state in which the
[0031]
The heat exchanger 24 for hot water storage is configured to heat the hot water flowing through the hot water circulation path 16 by flowing the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 that has recovered the heat output from the fuel cell 1. Have been.
In the heat source heat exchanger 25, the heat output from the fuel cell 1 is recovered, and the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 is passed through the cooling water circulation path 13 to heat the heat source hot water flowing through the heat source circulation path 20. It is configured to be.
The auxiliary heating mechanism M includes a fan 27, a burner 28, and a heat exchanger 29 for auxiliary heating.
Further, the heat source circulation path 20 is provided with a heat source intermittent valve 40 for intermitting the flow of the hot water for the heat source.
[0032]
The cooling water circulation path 13 is branched into a hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and a heat source heat exchanger 25 side, and at the branch point, the flow rate of the cooling water flowing through the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side and the heat source A diverter valve 30 is provided for adjusting the ratio of the flow rate of the cooling water flowing to the heat exchanger 25 side.
[0033]
The flow dividing valve 30 allows the whole amount of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the hot water storage heat exchanger 24 side, or allows the whole amount of the cooling water in the cooling water circulation path 13 to flow to the heat source heat exchanger 25 side. It is also configured to be able to.
[0034]
In the heat exchanger 26 for heating a heat medium, the hot water for heat source heated by the heat exchanger 25 for a heat source and the heat exchanger 29 for an auxiliary heating flow, thereby flowing through the heat medium circulation path 22. The heating medium is configured to be heated.
The heat consuming terminal 3 is configured by a heating terminal such as a floor heating device or a bathroom heating device.
[0035]
Further, hot water supply load measuring means 31 for measuring hot water supply heat load when hot water is taken out of hot water storage tank 2 is provided, and terminal heat load measuring means 32 for measuring terminal heat load at heat consuming terminal 3 is also provided. ing.
[0036]
(Operation control unit)
1 Operation control of equipment provided in hot water storage unit The operation control unit 5 controls the operation of the fuel cell 1 and the operation state of the cooling water circulation pump 15 in a state where the cooling water circulation pump 15 is operated while the fuel cell 1 is operating. In addition, by controlling the operating states of the hot water circulation pump 17, the heat source circulation pump 21, and the heat medium circulation pump 23, the hot water storage operation for storing hot water in the hot water storage tank 2 and the supply of the heat medium to the heat consuming terminal 3 are performed. It is configured to perform a heating medium supply operation.
[0037]
Incidentally, when hot water is supplied, hot water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 is supplied while the heat source intermittent valve 40 is closed, and the hot water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 is heated by the auxiliary heating mechanism M, The water is mixed with the hot water taken out of the hot water storage tank 2 to supply hot water having a hot water set temperature set by a remote controller (not shown).
[0038]
2. Management of Power Load / Heat Load The operation control unit 5 is configured to manage a time-series power load and a time-series heat load.
[0039]
The operation control unit 5 sets, for example, a set cycle to one day, a set time zone to one hour, a heat load as a hot water supply heat load and a terminal heat load, an actual power load per set time zone, an actual hot water heat load, Each of the actual terminal heat loads is measured by the output value of the power load measuring means 11 and the inverter 6, the hot water supply heat load measuring means 31, and the terminal heat load measuring means 32.
Then, the operation control unit 5 stores the output values of the electric power load measuring unit 11 and the inverter 6, the values measured by the hot water supply heat load measuring unit 31, and the values measured by the terminal heat load measuring unit 32 in a time-series manner. It is configured to manage various power loads and time-series heat loads for each set time zone within a set cycle.
[0040]
In addition, when updating the time-series power load and the time-series heat load according to the actual use condition, the operation control unit 5 determines the output value of the power load measurement unit 11 and the inverter 6 and the hot water supply heat load. The value measured by the measuring means 31 and the terminal heat load measuring means 32 is added to a value already stored at a predetermined ratio, and the added value is stored.
[0041]
3. Basic Operation Control of Fuel Cell Hereinafter, control of operation of the fuel cell 1 by the operation control unit 5 will be described.
The operation control unit 5 performs a power load following operation that adjusts the output of the fuel cell 1 so as to cover the current power load that is currently required, and in the power load following operation, within a range from the minimum output to the maximum output. The output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted according to the current power load.
[0042]
To explain the actual operation state, the operation control unit 5 obtains the current power load based on the measurement value of the power load measurement unit 11 and the output value of the inverter 6 and calculates α (for example, , 100 W), the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted to be smaller.
[0043]
For example, when the current power load (indicated by a solid line) changes over time, as in a time zone indicated by Tn in FIG. 3A, the output (one-turn) smaller by α (for example, 100 W) than the current power load. (Indicated by a chain line), the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted according to the transition of the current power load. Incidentally, the operation control unit 5 is configured to change the output of the fuel cell 1 based on the average value of the set time (for example, 5 minutes) of the current power load.
[0044]
This operation state is a case where the output falls between the maximum output Pmax and the minimum output Pmin in a normal time period as indicated by Tn, and the output required to cover the current power load. Are below the minimum output Pmin or exceed the maximum output Pmax. In the time zone indicated by Ta in FIG. 3A, the power load exceeds the maximum output, and the output is restricted on the maximum side. In this case, the shortage of electric power depends on the commercial system.
[0045]
Now, in the present application, the maximum output Pmax and the minimum output Pmin are changed according to the surplus heat and the heat shortage. FIG. 3B shows a setting when this kind of output regulation is applied every day. Examples have been given. This example shows an example of setting change between a bathing day (described as “bathing day” in the drawing) and a non-bathing day (described as “non-bathing day” in the drawing) in each household.
[0046]
[Management of excess heat and insufficient heat]
When a surplus heat state occurs with respect to the power load and the heat load managed as described above, the radiator 19 or the like, which is a surplus heat treatment device, is operated. The auxiliary heating device M, which is a device, is operated.
[0047]
Here, the surplus heat state is, for example, a state in which the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full, surplus heat is generated by further operation of the fuel cell 1, and the radiator 19 is operated to release heat. Also, the heat output from the fuel cell 1 during the heat medium supply operation is larger than the terminal heat load required by the heat consuming terminal 3, and the hot water stored in the hot water storage tank 2 is full. In this state, the radiator 19 is operated to radiate excess heat.
[0048]
On the other hand, the insufficient heat state is, for example, a state in which hot water is not stored in the hot water storage tank 2 and the auxiliary heating mechanism M, which is a device for supplementing insufficient heat, is operated.
[0049]
The operation state of the surplus heat treatment equipment and the insufficient heat supplementary equipment is detected by the operation control unit, for example, when the set cycle, which is the cycle for setting the maximum output and the minimum output, is one day, and the excess heat and the insufficient heat are detected. It is assumed that the set time zone as an integrated unit time for performing the operation is one hour, and is managed in units of one day (24 hours).
That is, the heat release amount of the excess heat or the heat release time is integrated on a daily basis, and is converted and managed as the heat release processing amount Qr or the heat release processing time Tr per day. Similarly, the amount of supplementary processing of insufficient heat or the time of supplementary processing is also managed.
[0050]
As a form of these managements, the management is usually performed on a daily basis. For example, the management may be performed on the basis of the previous day, the same day of the previous week, the daily average of the previous week, etc. Further, in the case of a home where the bath water is taken every other day, a daily average may be obtained in units of a plurality of days, and the average may be managed as a value per day in the unit of a plurality of days.
[0051]
[Setting of maximum output and minimum output]
In order to eliminate the excessive heat state or the insufficient heat state, in the present application, the operation control unit 5 is configured to set the maximum output and the minimum output of the fuel cell as output limit values of the follow-up control. .
In other words, the maximum output Pmax or the minimum output Pmin is set based on the above-mentioned managed excess / deficiency state on the heat side.
[0052]
More specifically, it is provided with a relationship index between the amount of processing heat Qr or the processing time Tr and the output of the fuel cell described above.
FIG. 4 shows an example of this index. In the figure, the horizontal axis indicates the amount of heat Qr (or processing time Tr) per day, and the vertical axis indicates the output P.
[0053]
Here, when the amount of processing heat (or processing time) is on the plus side, it corresponds to the surplus heat state where the system is actually dissipating heat, and is on the minus side. Corresponds to a heat deficit condition in which the system is supplemented with heat.
[0054]
Conventionally, normal operation has been performed substantially in the state of Qr (Tr) = 0 where there is substantially no heat radiation or heat reception.
In a state where the control of the present application works, the output of the fuel cell 1 is selected within the range shown by the oblique line between the maximum output Pmax and the minimum output Pmin.
[0055]
As a specific example, a fuel cell system having a rated electric output of 1 kW and a thermal output of 1 kW and a minimum output of an electric output of 0.25 kW and a thermal output of 0.25 kW will be described as an example.
[0056]
As shown in FIG. 4, in the heat surplus state on the right side of the vertical axis, the maximum output Pmax is changed from 1 kW to 0.3 kW, and the minimum value Qr = 0 kWh (Tr = 0h) of the heat quantity (processing time) on the heat surplus side. ), Pmax = 1 kW, and Pmax = 0.3 kW for the maximum value Qr = 24 kWh (Tr = 24 h).
On the other hand, in the heat-insufficient state on the left side of the vertical axis, the minimum output Pmin is changed from 0.95 kW to 0.25 kW, and the negative minimum heat quantity (processing time) Qr = 0 kWh (Tr = 0h), Pmin = 0.25 kW, and the negative maximum value Qr = 24 kWh (Tr = 24h), Pmin = 0.95 kW.
[0057]
Therefore, when the daily heat quantity (time) Qr (Tr) managed by the operation control means is fixed for a specific day, the maximum output Pmax and the minimum output Pmin shown in FIG. Is determined. In FIG. 4, the case where the processing heat amount is 10 kWh is indicated by an arrow.
[0058]
FIG. 3A described above illustrates an example in which the current power load exceeds the maximum output Pmax in the power load following operation. However, when the maximum output Pmax is set to decrease, FIG. ), The follow-up output is subject to Pmax regulation. As a result, the heat output is reduced, and the operation is effective for the excessive heat state. Conversely, when the minimum output Pmin rises and electric power exceeding the current electric power load is generated, as shown in FIG. 7 (b), a recovery amount is generated by the electric heater, and this surplus is recovered as heat. Therefore, it can be effectively used for a heat shortage state.
[0059]
As a result, in the cogeneration system of the present application, the follow-up control according to the power load is performed within the range of the maximum output Pmax and the minimum output Pmin set on the operation control means side according to the heat load state. Energy-efficient operation with a balanced load and heat load can be realized.
[0060]
[Another embodiment]
Hereinafter, another embodiment of the present application will be described.
(1) In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the maximum output and the minimum output change with the change in the amount of processing heat (processing time). , A region where the value does not change may be provided.
This example is shown in FIG. 5 corresponding to FIG. In this case, the stable operation of the system can be achieved by providing the constant value region f.
[0061]
(2) In the above-described embodiment, the case of detecting the excess heat / insufficient heat is based on the operating condition of the surplus heat treatment equipment and the insufficient heat treatment equipment. The maximum output and the like may be set based on the temperature of the water.
[0062]
When the fuel cell system is a fuel cell, since the exhaust heat recovery temperature is constant, when the water temperature rises as in summer, the heat capacity of the hot water storage tank as the heat recovery device substantially decreases, so the water temperature is low. More heat is radiated than in winter.
[0063]
Therefore, FIG. 6 shows an index corresponding to FIG. 5 in the case of limiting Pmax according to the water temperature. With this configuration, unnecessary heat radiation can be reduced.
In FIG. 6, the horizontal axis represents the water temperature (° C.), and the vertical axis represents the maximum output Pmax.
[0064]
(3) The above embodiment shows an example in which the setting cycle for setting the maximum output / minimum output is one day, and the set time zone, which is an integrated unit time for detecting excess heat or shortage, is one hour. However, how to set both the set cycle and the set time zone can be appropriately changed.
For example, one week can be set as the set cycle, and a set time zone such as a fixed time of 6 hours or 12 hours can be set as a set time zone, or a midnight time zone (0:00 -6:00), morning time (6: 00-11: 00), daytime (11: 00-17: 00), night time (17: 00-24: 00), etc. It is possible to set a time zone.
[0065]
In the case of the present application, since the energy reduction effect is large due to the relationship between summer and winter, the set cycle may be set in each of the four seasons such as spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In this case, about one week is appropriate for the set time zone.
[0066]
(4) In the above embodiment, the operation control unit 5 sets the output to be smaller than the current power load by α (for example, 100 W) within the range between the maximum output and the minimum output in the power load following operation. Although the configuration is such that the output of the fuel cell 1 is adjusted, the operation control unit 5 adjusts the output of the fuel cell 1 so as to have the same or almost the same output as the current power load in the power load following operation. It is also possible to implement with such a configuration.
[0067]
(5) In the above embodiment, in addition to the hot water storage tank 2, a heat consuming terminal 3 is provided to exemplify the cogeneration system in which the heat load is a hot water supply heat load and a terminal heat load, but the heat consuming terminal 3 is provided. Instead, a cogeneration system using a hot water supply heat load as a heat load may be used.
[0068]
(6) In the above embodiment, the electric heater 12 is configured to heat the cooling water of the fuel cell 1. However, the electric heater 12 is configured to heat the water in the hot water storage tank 2. It is also possible.
[0069]
(7) In the above-described embodiment, the fuel cell 1 is exemplified as the cogeneration system. However, as the cogeneration system, for example, a combination of an internal combustion engine such as a gas engine and a power generation device, or a Stirling engine or the like may be used. It is also possible to apply a combination of a fuel engine and a power generator.
[0070]
Incidentally, for example, in the case where a fuel cell or a combination of a gas engine and a power generator is applied as the cogeneration system, the installation position of the radiator 19 may be in the flow path of the cooling water circulation path 13.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cogeneration system. FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of an operation control unit. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of an electric power load following operation. FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a state. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a setting state of a maximum output and a minimum output with respect to a processing heat amount and a processing time. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a setting state of a maximum output with respect to a water temperature. Diagram showing the operating status of the system according to the present invention as the output decreases and the minimum output increases.
DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 1 cogeneration unit 2 hot water storage tank 5 operation control unit M auxiliary heating mechanism

Claims (7)

A combined heat and power supply that can output power and heat to adjust the output, and an operation control unit that controls operation of the combined heat and power supply are provided,
The cogeneration system, wherein the operation control unit performs an electric power load following operation that adjusts an output of the cogeneration unit according to an electric power load within a range from a minimum output to a maximum output,
The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load and a heat load, and is generated by performing the power load following operation, according to an excess or deficiency of a heat output with respect to the heat load, A cogeneration system that operates by setting the minimum output and / or the maximum output. The heat generated by performing the power load following operation is larger than the heat load, and in a surplus heat state in which the heat is excessive, includes an excess heat treatment device that recovers or radiates excess heat,
The cogeneration system according to claim 1, wherein the operation control unit sets the minimum output or the maximum output or both of them according to a processing heat amount of the surplus heat treatment equipment or a processing time corresponding to the processing heat amount. The heat generated by performing the power load following operation is smaller than the heat load, and in a heat-deficient state in which heat is insufficient, an insufficient heat supplement device that supplements the insufficient heat,
The cogeneration according to claim 1, wherein the operation control unit sets the minimum output or the maximum output or both of them according to a supplementary heat amount of the insufficient heat supplementary device or a supplementary time corresponding to the supplementary heat amount. 4. system. Equipped with heat recovery equipment that obtains hot water by heating water with heat output,
The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the operation control means sets the minimum output, the maximum output, or both of them according to the temperature of the water to be heated. The cogeneration system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cogeneration system is a fuel cell. A 24-hour operation device in which the cogeneration system is continuously operated for 24 hours, wherein the excess / deficiency is managed at predetermined intervals, and the minimum output or the maximum output or both are set at each predetermined interval. The cogeneration system according to claim 1. A combined heat and power supply that can output power and heat to adjust the output, and an operation control unit that controls operation of the combined heat and power supply are provided,
An operation method of the cogeneration system, wherein the operation control unit performs an electric power load following operation that adjusts an output of the cogeneration system according to an electric power load within a range from a minimum output to a maximum output,
The operation control means is configured to manage a time-series power load and a heat load, and is generated by performing the power load following operation, according to an excess or deficiency of a heat output with respect to the heat load, A method of operating a cogeneration system that sets a minimum output, the maximum output, or both, and operates within a range between the set maximum output and minimum output.

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