JP2004261667A - Crushing and sorting equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to prevent an increase in the amount of crushed pieces staying in a crushing machine while preventing the occurrence of a fire in the crushing machine while detecting the state of transport of the crushed pieces.
In a crushing system including a refrigerator or a crusher for crushing waste industrial products including the refrigerator and a conveyor for conveying crushed pieces crushed by the crusher, an outlet of the crusher and a conveyor are provided. By providing an ultrasonic level meter 25 above the crusher 22, the level of the crushed pieces on the conveyor 22 is automatically and continuously detected. If the level is abnormal, the input conveyor 10 is stopped and the crushed pieces in the crusher 1 are crushed. To prevent an increase in the amount of stagnation. Further, the temperature of the metal crushed pieces is prevented from rising due to an increase in the amount of stagnation in the crusher 1, and a fire in the crusher 1 is prevented.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a crushing and sorting apparatus for crushing a waste industrial product such as a refrigerator, a washing machine, and an air conditioner by using a crusher to produce crushed pieces and sorting the crushed pieces, and more particularly to crushing after crushing the waste industrial product with the crusher. The present invention relates to a piece transfer technique.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Industrial products include metals such as iron, copper, and aluminum, various plastics, and glass. Generally, when treating such industrial product waste (hereinafter referred to as waste industrial product), the waste industrial product is crushed to an appropriate size, and the crushed pieces are sorted and separated into metals and plastics. , And are collected as recycled materials.
[0003]
2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, among waste industrial products, waste home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners have been cited as recycling targets. JP-A-5-147040 discloses that after removing a hard-to-crush metal block such as an electric motor or a compressor included in a refrigerator, a washing machine, or an air conditioner, the whole is put into a crusher and crushed, and the heat insulating material of the refrigerator is provided. It is described that the foamed polyurethane is separated from other crushed pieces by air separation, and the remaining crushed pieces are separated for each material.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-5-147040 [0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned conventional technology involves crushing waste home appliances with a crusher and transporting the crushed pieces on a conveyor, and the crushed pieces rarely stagnate on the conveyor or at the outlet of the crusher, stay in the crusher on the upstream side, and crush the pieces. Experiments have shown that continuous operation is not possible due to overload, and that the crushed material staying in the crusher ignites.
[0006]
Furthermore, to prevent waste home appliances from staying inside the crusher, a method of monitoring by installing a camera on the vibrating conveyor on the discharge side is conceivable.However, since it is not automatic monitoring, early detection and appropriate measures can be ensured. There are issues that cannot be solved.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a crushing and sorting apparatus capable of preventing crushed pieces from remaining in a crusher for crushing input waste industrial products to form crushed pieces.
[0008]
Another object of the present invention is to provide a crushing and sorting apparatus capable of preventing a rise in temperature in a crushing machine for crushing a waste industrial product into crushed pieces.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an input conveyor for inputting waste industrial products, a crusher for crushing the waste industrial products input by the input conveyor, and a crushed piece discharged from the crusher. A crushing and sorting apparatus comprising a transfer means for transferring to a processing unit and a detecting means for detecting a transfer state of crushed pieces transferred by the transfer means.
[0010]
Further, the present invention also provides an input conveyor for inputting waste industrial products, a crusher for crushing the waste industrial products input by the input conveyor to produce crushed pieces, and a light-weight material for separating and separating lightweight products from the crushed pieces. A sorting / separating machine, a transfer means for transferring the crushed pieces produced and discharged by the crusher to the light-weight sorting / separating machine, and a detecting means for detecting a transfer state of the crushed pieces transferred by the transferring means. It is a crushing and sorting apparatus characterized by comprising:
[0011]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that the detecting means is constituted by an ultrasonic level meter.
[0012]
Further, the present invention further comprises a control means for controlling the input conveyor so as to stop the input of the waste industrial product into the crusher when the detection means detects a stagnant state as a transfer state of the crushed pieces. It is characterized by having.
[0013]
Further, the present invention further includes cooling means for cooling the crusher, and control means for controlling the operation of the cooling means when the detecting means detects a stagnant state as a transfer state of the crushed pieces. It is characterized by the following.
[0014]
Further, the present invention further includes the step of stopping the introduction of the waste industrial product into the crusher when the detecting means continuously detects a state in which the amount of the crushed pieces is small as the transfer state of the crushed pieces. A control means for controlling the conveyor is provided.
[0015]
Further, the present invention further includes a cooling unit for cooling the crusher, and an operation control of the cooling unit when the detecting unit continuously detects a state in which a small amount of the crushed pieces is transferred as a transfer state of the crushed pieces. And control means.
[0016]
According to the configuration described above, the loading level of the crushed pieces loaded on the transfer means such as a conveyor is detected by the detection means such as an ultrasonic level meter, and when the level exceeds a level suitable for proper transfer or when the level is below the appropriate level. If it is determined that the state is continuous, it is possible to automatically and automatically detect the stay of crushed pieces in the crusher.
[0017]
In addition, when an abnormality is automatically detected, if the conveyor for putting waste industrial products into the crusher is automatically stopped, the accumulation of crushed pieces in the crusher can be suppressed, and a transfer means such as an outlet of the crusher or a conveyor. The growth of stagnation of crushed fragments can be prevented.
In addition, since the charging conveyor automatically stops, it is possible to prevent an increase in the accumulation of crushed pieces in the crusher.
In addition, the temperature of the crusher can be prevented from rising by cooling the crusher after judging the increase in the retention of the crushed pieces in the crusher.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, an embodiment of a device for crushing and sorting waste industrial products according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
FIG. 1 shows an entire configuration of an embodiment of a device for crushing and sorting waste industrial products according to the present invention. The crushing and sorting apparatus (system) according to the present invention is provided with a crushing machine 1 composed of, for example, a cylindrical vertical container. The crusher 1 is provided with a rotating shaft 2 to which a disk-shaped rotor 3 is attached so as to be rotatable coaxially with the cylindrical shaft of the crusher 1. From the upper surface of the rotor 3, waste industrial products (e.g., hard-to-crush metal lumps such as electric motors and compressors) including waste home appliances such as refrigerators, washing machines, and air conditioners that have been put into the crusher 1 are removed. ) 11 is provided with a rotary grinder 4 for crushing 11. In particular, in the case of a refrigerator, the urethane foam of the heat insulating material attached to the housing by the rotary grinder 4 or the like is crushed together with the iron plate of the housing while being peeled off from the housing. As a result of this crushing / peeling, mainly metal pieces, plastic pieces, lump of urethane foam and dust are generated as crushed pieces. A discharge plate 5 is attached to the lower surface of the rotor 3 for discharging crushed pieces, which have been crushed by the rotary grinder 4 and the like and have passed through the gap between the rotor 3 and the choke 35, to the discharge port 17.
[0020]
The rotor 3 is configured such that a pulley 6 is attached to a portion of the rotary shaft 2 provided outside the crusher 1, and is driven to rotate by a pulley 9 of a crusher motor 8 via a drive belt 7. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, as long as the rotor 3 to which the rotary grinder 4 and the like are attached can be rotationally driven by the crusher motor 8.
[0021]
The downstream end of the charging conveyor 10 is inserted and provided in a charging port provided in the upper side wall of the crusher 1. When the waste industrial product 11 composed of the above-mentioned waste home appliances is put on the upstream side of the charging conveyor 10, the waste The industrial product 11 is carried to the inlet of the crusher 1 and is charged into the crusher 1. Incidentally, the start and stop of the charging conveyor 10 are controlled based on a command from the control computer 40. Above the crusher 1, there are provided a pipe 12 for sucking gas containing dust at the upper part of the crusher, a water spray device 13 for spraying water into the crusher, and a water spray device 14 for spraying water. The operation of the water spraying device 13 and the water spraying device 14 is controlled based on a command from the control computer 40.
[0022]
Further, a radiation thermometer 15 for measuring the temperature of the crushing portion near the rotary grinder 4 or the temperature of the piece to be crushed is provided at the top of the crushing machine 1. Further, a CCD camera 16 for detecting ignition in the crusher 1 is provided. Then, the temperature of the crushing section or the temperature of the crushed piece measured by the radiation thermometer 15 is input to the control computer 40. Further, an image indicating the state of ignition or the like in the crusher 1 captured by the CCD camera 16 is similarly input to the control computer 40. Naturally, the control computer 40 can display the temperature measured by the radiation thermometer 15 and the image captured by the CCD camera 16 on the display device 41.
[0023]
On the bottom side surface of the crusher 1, an outlet 17 for discharging crushed pieces is opened. A duct 18 having a closed structure is connected to the discharge port 17 in an inclined state so that the discharged crushed pieces can be transferred to the conveyor 22. Further, a hood 19 for flowing foaming gas and urethane dust discharged from the outlet 17 and outside air taken in from the opening 23 is connected to the upper surface of the duct 18, and the hood 19 is connected via a pipe 20. It is connected to the bag filter 21 connected to the foaming gas recovery facility 33. With this configuration, the foaming gas and the urethane dust discharged from the discharge port 17 are sucked and collected, and can be measured by the radiation thermometer 24 and the ultrasonic level meter (detection means for detecting the transfer state of the crushed pieces) 25, Lightweight objects such as urethane foam including urethane dust that could not be sucked from the upper surface opening 23 for watering by the device 26 can be prevented from being released.
[0024]
The downstream end of the duct (transfer means) 18 for transferring the crushed pieces is connected to the conveyor 22 via a flexible joint made of a highly flame-retardant material because the conveyor 22 makes a motion such as vibration. I have. A conveyor (transfer means) 22 such as a vibrator for transporting the crushed pieces fed by the duct 18 has a structure having a cover on the upper surface. A radiation thermometer 24 for detecting the temperature of the crushed pieces conveyed by the conveyor 22 and an ultrasonic level meter 25 for detecting the level of the crushed pieces conveyed on the conveyor 22 are mounted on the upper opening 23 of the cover. Have been. The reason why the ultrasonic level meter 25 is provided at the upper surface opening 23 of the cover on the conveyor 22 is that the crushed pieces are prevented from being transported (for example, long crushed pieces are discharged from the outlet 17 of the crusher 1 or the upper surface of the conveyor 22). This is for detecting a transfer obstacle caused by being caught in the opening 23 and the opening 27). Therefore, the ultrasonic level meter 25 can be installed anywhere as long as the obstacle for transporting the crushed pieces can be detected. The temperature of the crushed pieces measured by the radiation thermometer 24 is input to the control computer 40, and the level of the crushed pieces detected by the ultrasonic level meter 25 is input to the control computer 40. Naturally, the control computer 40 can display the temperature of the crushed pieces and the level of the crushed pieces on the display device 41. Further, the storage device 42 stores a control program according to the type of the waste industrial product, a set temperature for operating the water sprinkling device and the water spray device, a set level of crushed pieces for determining continuity, and the like.
[0025]
That is, as shown in FIG. 2, the ultrasonic level meter 25 provided in the upper opening 23 of the cover continuously measures the level of the crushed pieces conveyed immediately below by the conveyer 22 such as a vibration and controls the computer for control. 40 is input. The crushed pieces are a mixture of metal pieces such as iron pieces, plastic pieces, urethane lumps, and the like, but ultrasonic waves can continuously measure the level without being affected by the material or shape. Further, a sprinkler 26 is provided in the upper opening 23 of the cover of the conveyor 22 for vibration or the like. The watering device 26 is configured to operate according to a command from the control computer 40.
[0026]
An opening 27 is provided at the downstream end of the conveyor 22 for vibration or the like, and crushed pieces are carried out from the opening 27. The crushed pieces taken out are sequentially supplied to the next sorting step via the conveyor 28.
[0027]
On the other hand, a suction hood 29 for separating and separating lightweight objects such as urethane foam conveyed by the conveyor 22 is connected to the upper portion of the cover on the downstream side of the conveyor 22, and the suction hood 29 is connected via a pipe 30 to a bag filter 31. , And the bag filter 31 is exhausted by the blower 32. These 29 to 32 constitute a light-weight sorter such as an airflow sorter that sorts and separates light-weight materials such as urethane foam. The urethane foam and the like collected at the bottom of the bag filter 31 are sequentially supplied to the next step via the rotary valve 34.
[0028]
Next, the operation of the crushing and sorting processing apparatus including the crusher and the conveyor will be described. After the preparation for the input of the waste industrial product is completed, the waste industrial product 11 is put on the input conveyor 10, and the waste industrial product 11 is charged into the crusher 1. Here, an embodiment in which a refrigerator is put as the waste industrial product 11 will be described. That is, since a refrigerator contains urethane foam as a heat insulating material, crushing and sorting of waste industrial products is considered to be the most troublesome. If the refrigerator can be processed, other waste industrial products can be processed. Since the refrigerator is provided with a metal lump such as a compressor, the metal lump such as the compressor is removed before being put into the refrigerator in order to avoid a trouble of the crusher 1 and prevent a temperature rise. Therefore, the housing of the refrigerator is put into the crusher 1. The introduced refrigerator is crushed in the crusher 1. At this time, the urethane foam of the heat insulating material adhered to the housing is peeled off from the housing by the rotary grinder 4 or the like, and is crushed together with the iron plate such as the housing. Is done. By this crushing and peeling, mainly metal pieces, plastic pieces, lump of urethane foam and dust are generated. At the same time, a foaming gas that forms bubbles of the urethane foam is generated. The generated foaming gas, dust and the like are sucked by the pipe 12. In this crushing / peeling step, particularly the temperature of the crushed iron pieces increases. This temperature rise is measured by the radiation thermometer 15, and if the control computer 40 determines that the temperature is higher than the set value, the water spray device 14 and the water spray device 13 are operated to cool, and the temperature of the metal fragments is reduced. If fire occurs, extinguish before the spread of fire spreads. Further, in the event of a fire, it is monitored by the CCD camera 16, and the control computer 40 can operate the sprinkler 13 to extinguish the fire before the spread of fire spreads.
[0029]
By the way, a part of the urethane dust is flying in the crusher 1, but most of the crushed material is discharged from the discharge port 17 of the crusher 1.
The metal pieces, the plastic pieces, and the lump of urethane foam discharged from the crusher 1 are transferred by the inclined duct 18 and sent to the conveyor 22 for vibration or the like. Since the foaming gas is also discharged from the crusher 1, the foaming gas is sucked from the hood 19 connected to the duct 18 from the foaming gas recovery facility 33 side. Therefore, the foaming gas and urethane dust discharged from the crusher 1 flow through the hood 19. Further, the outside air taken in from the upper opening 23 of the conveyor 22 by the suction force of the foaming gas recovery equipment 33 also flows into the hood 19. This prevents the foaming gas of the urethane heat insulating material from being released to the outside air. The air flow velocity of the hood 19 is set so as not to suck up the dust as much as possible, but fine dust is sucked up and collected by the bag filter 21.
[0030]
On the other hand, among the metal pieces, plastic pieces, and urethane foam lump conveyed on the conveyor 22 due to vibration or the like, urethane lump or large granular powder is sucked up by the suction hood 29 and is crushed via the pipe 30. The data is sent to the filter 31. The remaining metal pieces and plastic pieces are discharged from the opening 27 of the conveyor 22 to the conveyor 28. The metal pieces and the plastic pieces discharged to the conveyor 28 are sequentially sent to the next sorting step, where the metal pieces and the plastic pieces are sorted (separated). This sorting processing method is described in JP-A-5-147040.
[0031]
The urethane lump sent to the bag filter 31 is separated by the bag filter 31 and sequentially sent to the next processing step via the rotary valve 33 at the bottom.
[0032]
Next, the operation of the feature of the present invention will be described. First, as a result of investigating the size of the crushed pieces discharged from the crusher 1, the size of the crushed pieces is determined by the gap between the rotor 3 and the choke 35 of the crusher. However, rarely, a phenomenon was observed in which thin and soft plastics or elongated metal rods were discharged as long fragments. As a result, it was confirmed that the long crushed pieces were caught by the discharge port 17 of the crusher 1 and the upper opening 23 and the opening 27 of the conveyor 22 and hindered the transfer of the crushed pieces (conveyance of the crushed pieces).
[0033]
In the event that a crushed piece transfer failure occurs, crushed piece stagnation in the crusher 1 and an increase in the crusher load occur, and the metal crushed piece becomes higher than the firing temperature of the urethane foam and easily foams. It means that urethane ignites.
[0034]
If the urethane foam ignites, the urethane deposited on the conveyor 22 and the bag filters 21 and 31 after the crushing / peeling step in the crusher 1 may spread fire and cause a large fire.
[0035]
For this reason, radiation thermometers 15 and 24 are attached to the crusher 1 and the conveyor 22, and if the control computer 40 determines that the temperature measured by the radiation thermometers 15 and 24 is higher than the setting, The water spray device 14 and the water spray devices 13 and 26 are sequentially operated to be cooled, thereby lowering the temperature of the metal crushed pieces or, in the event of fire, extinguishing before the spread of fire spreads.
[0036]
By the way, in the treatment of lowering the temperature of the metal crushed pieces or the fire prevention treatment after detecting this temperature, the function does not function unless the temperature of the target crushed pieces is increased. Therefore, it is important to take a further step to detect a factor that causes the temperature to rise and to take preventive measures.
[0037]
A first feature of the present embodiment is on a path for transporting mixed crushed pieces such as metal pieces such as iron pieces, plastic pieces, and urethane lumps (including also on the duct 18 and the conveyor 22 from the outlet of the crusher 1). However, on the duct 18, there is a surface on which the conveyance failure on the conveyor 22 is not reflected. Therefore, the level on the conveyor 22 is preferable without affecting the material and shape. An object of the present invention is to provide an ultrasonic level meter 25 capable of measurement so as to detect a crushed piece transfer obstacle. That is, when crushed pieces are stagnated on the discharge port 17 of the crusher 1 or on the conveyor 22, the amount of crushed pieces changes, and the distance between the top of the crushed pieces and the ultrasonic level meter 25, that is, on the conveyor 22. The crushed piece level changes, and the stagnation of the crushed piece can be detected by the ultrasonic level meter 25.
[0038]
A second feature of the present embodiment is that the control computer 40 uses the ultrasonic level meter 25 on the transfer path (including on the duct 18 and the conveyor 22. Is not reflected on the conveyor 22, it is preferable that the crushed pieces at the discharge port 17 of the crusher 1 be continuously measured in a state where the crushed piece level is low (a state in which the transport amount is small). It can be determined that stagnation has occurred, and when a state in which the level of crushed fragments is high (stagnation state) is continuously measured on the transfer path by the ultrasonic level meter 25, the ultrasonic wave is measured on the downstream side of the transfer path ( It is possible to determine that the crushed pieces are stagnant at the upper opening 23 and the upper opening 27 (on the conveyor), and stop feeding the waste industrial product 11 into the crushing machine 1 by controlling the input conveyor 10 to stop. Is to not increase the retention amount of crushed pieces in the crushing machine 1. At this time, the water spraying device 14 and the water spraying device 13 may be operated to cool so as not to ignite. At this time, the crusher 1 may be stopped. At this time, mechanical means (for example, means for applying vibration) for preventing long crushed pieces from being caught and stagnant at the discharge port 17 of the crusher 1 and the upper opening 23 and the opening 27 of the conveyor 22. May be controlled.
[0039]
If the ultrasonic level meter 25 continuously measures the state of high crushed pieces (stagnant state) on the transfer path, the sprinkler 26 may be operated.
[0040]
In addition, since the level height of the crushed pieces on the transfer path is related to the amount of the waste industrial product to be input, a sensor for detecting the passage of the waste industrial product is provided in the input portion, and the sensor is input to the control computer 40 to output the waste industrial product. It is further desirable to be able to change the set value of the level height based on the relationship between the input amount of the product and the level height of the crushed pieces. This is particularly effective when the level of crushed pieces is low, that is, when the amount of waste industrial products is small.
[0041]
As described above, according to the present embodiment, by continuously detecting the level of the crushed pieces carried out from the crusher 1 on the transfer path (including the conveyor 22) of the crushed pieces, the distance between the crusher 1 and the conveyor 22 is determined. The effect of preventing stagnation of crushed pieces in the crusher 1 and preventing the temperature of metal crushed pieces from increasing can be obtained.
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, there exists an effect which can prevent the increase in the amount of shards of crushed pieces in a crusher.
[0043]
Further, according to the present invention, an increase in the amount of stagnation in the crusher, which causes an increase in the temperature of the metal crushed pieces, can be prevented.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a device for crushing and sorting waste industrial products according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining crushed piece level measurement of a crushed piece on a conveyor for vibration or the like according to the present invention using an ultrasonic level meter.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Crusher, 2 ... Rotary axis, 3 ... Rotor, 4 ... Rotary grinder, 5 ... Discharge plate, 6 ... Pulley, 7 ... Drive belt, 8 ... Crusher motor, 9 ... Pulley, 10 ... Feeding conveyor, 11 ... Waste industrial products, 12 ... Piping, 13 ... Water spraying device, 14 ... Water spraying device, 15 ... Radiation thermometer, 16 ... CCD camera, 17 ... Outlet, 18 ... Duct (transfer means), 19 ... Hood, 20 ... Piping, 21: Bag filter, 22: Conveyor (transporting means), 23: Top opening, 24: Radiation thermometer, 25: Ultrasonic level meter (Detecting means), 26: Sprinkler, 27: Opening, 28: Conveyor, 29: suction hood, 30: piping, 31: bag filter, 32: blower, 33: foaming gas recovery equipment, 34: rotary valve, 35: chalk.

Claims (6)

An input conveyor for inputting waste industrial products,
A crusher for crushing the waste industrial products input by the input conveyor,
Transfer means for transferring the crushed pieces discharged from the crusher to a sorting section,
Detecting means for detecting a state of transfer of the crushed pieces transferred by the transfer means. An input conveyor for inputting waste industrial products,
A crusher for crushing the waste industrial product input by the input conveyor to form crushed pieces,
A light-weight sorting / separating machine that sorts and separates a lightweight material from the crushed pieces,
Transfer means for transferring the crushed pieces produced and discharged by the crusher to the light-weight sorting / separating machine,
Detecting means for detecting a state of transfer of the crushed pieces transferred by the transfer means. The crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detecting means comprises an ultrasonic level meter. Further, when a stagnant state is detected as a transfer state of the crushed pieces by the detection means, a control means for controlling the input conveyor so as to stop inputting of waste industrial products into the crusher is provided. The crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2. Further, when the detecting means continuously detects a state in which the amount of the crushed pieces is small as the transfer state of the crushed pieces, a control means for controlling the input conveyor so as to stop the input of the waste industrial product into the crusher. The crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising: Furthermore, a cooling means for cooling the crusher, and a control means for controlling the operation of the cooling means when the detecting means continuously detects a state in which the amount of the crushed pieces transferred is small as a transferred state. The crushing and sorting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein:

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