JP2004238217A - Binder - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- JP2004238217A JP2004238217A JP2003026411A JP2003026411A JP2004238217A JP 2004238217 A JP2004238217 A JP 2004238217A JP 2003026411 A JP2003026411 A JP 2003026411A JP 2003026411 A JP2003026411 A JP 2003026411A JP 2004238217 A JP2004238217 A JP 2004238217A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- ceramic green
- group
- green sheet
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229920001290 polyvinyl ester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 oxypropylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 5
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical group O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000006353 oxyethylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxybutane Chemical compound CCCCOC=C UZKWTJUDCOPSNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003985 ceramic capacitor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical class NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC=C XXROGKLTLUQVRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Peracetic acid Chemical compound CC(=O)OO KFSLWBXXFJQRDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical class C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethene Chemical compound FC=C XUCNUKMRBVNAPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ASUAYTHWZCLXAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N prenol Chemical compound CC(C)=CCO ASUAYTHWZCLXAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butoxypropan-2-ol Chemical compound CCCCOCC(C)O RWNUSVWFHDHRCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenoxydodecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC=C LAYAKLSFVAPMEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQHSLBODRPSAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CC(C)C(=O)N1C=C BQHSLBODRPSAKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNKSQJMKZBPKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-propylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1CCN(C=C)C1=O VNKSQJMKZBPKQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IXUHPUSIYSUGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1(C)CCC(=O)N1C=C IXUHPUSIYSUGNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQGPZXPTJWUDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-5-methylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)N1C=C HQGPZXPTJWUDQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DURRSEGFTCZKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-enylpyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound C=CCN1CCCC1=O DURRSEGFTCZKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-azo-bis-isobutyronitrile Substances N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical group CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[(2-cyano-4-methylpentan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2,4-dimethylpentanenitrile Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C#N)N=NC(C)(C#N)CC(C)C WYGWHHGCAGTUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUIWJRYTWUGOOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenoxyethanol Chemical compound OCCOC=C VUIWJRYTWUGOOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(C)=CC(N)=O WHNPOQXWAMXPTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMBNQNDUEFFFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenoxybutan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCCOC=C HMBNQNDUEFFFNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIYTYGOUZOARSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxy-2-methylidene-4-oxobutanoic acid Chemical compound COC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O OIYTYGOUZOARSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSSBJTGLJOGGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-butyldec-5-en-5-ylsilane Chemical compound CCCCC([SiH3])=C(CCCC)CCCC XSSBJTGLJOGGGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 0 CN(C(C(*)(*)C1(*)*)I)C1=O Chemical compound CN(C(C(*)(*)C1(*)*)I)C1=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- XXIKYCPRDXIMQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopentenyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)=CCOC(C)=O XXIKYCPRDXIMQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical group CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylolacrylamide Chemical compound OCNC(=O)C=C CNCOEDDPFOAUMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020617 PbO—B2O3—SiO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XRJBMOBWWDKSDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzhydryl(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C([SiH2]C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XRJBMOBWWDKSDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZJVWGOLNVKJRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylallyl acetate Natural products CC(=O)OC(C)(C)C=C ZJVWGOLNVKJRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC=C YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC=C AFSIMBWBBOJPJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N fumaric acid monomethyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=CC(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N methyl hydrogen fumarate Chemical compound COC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O NKHAVTQWNUWKEO-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(2-methyl-4-oxopentan-2-yl)prop-2-enamide Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)(C)NC(=O)C=C OMNKZBIFPJNNIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M pent-4-enoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC=C HVAMZGADVCBITI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001521 polyalkylene glycol ether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propoxycarbonyloxy propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OOC(=O)OCCC YPVDWEHVCUBACK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001273 sulfonato group Chemical group [O-]S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004809 thin layer chromatography Methods 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は特にセラミックグリーンシート成形用に適したバインダーに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
セラミックグリーンシートは、例えばセラミック回路基板、積層セラミックコンデンサ、薄層クロマトグラフィ用分離板等を製造する際に用いられるものであって、セラミック原料粉末とバインダー樹脂、および必要に応じて可塑剤、分散剤、消泡剤、溶剤等を混合してシート状に成形したものである。
具体的には、バインダー樹脂を溶剤に溶解もしくは分散させたものに可塑剤、分散剤、消泡剤を添加した後、アルミナ、ジルコニア、ケイ酸アルミニウム、酸化チタン等のセラミック原料粉末を加え、ボールミル等の混合装置により均一に混合し、脱泡してセラミックスラリー組成物を調整する。このセラミックスラリー組成物をドクターブレード、3本ロールリバースコーター等を用いて、離型処理した支持体に流延する。
セラミックグリーンシートは、積層セラミックコンデンサーを得る場合等に用いられるものであり、上記支持体上に流延したセラミックスラリー組成物の溶剤を加熱等の方法により蒸発乾燥させ、支持体から剥離して得られる厚み約数十μmで適度の強度と柔軟性を有するものである。
上記セラミックグリーンシート成形用に使用されるバインダー樹脂としては、従来ポリビニルブチラール樹脂等のブチラール樹脂が用いられ、これをエタノールやn−プロパノール等のアルコールやメチルエチルケトン、トルエン等の有機溶剤に溶解して使用する。(例えば特許文献1および2参照)
【0003】
しかしながら、従来の有機溶剤を用いた成形法には下記のような問題点があった。
(1)有機溶剤による人体への害。
(2)有機溶剤による汚染。
(3)有機溶剤取り扱い中の爆発・火災の恐れ。
(4)セラミックグリーンシートを製造するための有機溶剤の価格が高い。
(5)装置を防爆にする必要があると共に、有機溶剤の回収装置が必要であり、設備費が高い。
【0004】
これらの問題点を解決するために、水溶性または水分散性の有機高分子を使用する成形法が提案されている。例えば(I)(A)炭素数4以上の炭化水素を有する疎水性基あるいは(A)と(B)イオン性親水性基を側鎖に有する変性ポリビニルアルコールを使用する方法(例えば特許文献3参照)、(II)水溶性ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を使用する方法(例えば特許文献4参照)、(III)一般式(4)を有するポリビニルアルコール系重合体を使用する方法(例えば特許文献5参照)
【化4】
[但し、R1は水素またはメチル基を表し、R2は炭素数1〜20のヒドロキシアルキル基を表す。]および
(IV)シラノール基を有するシラン変性ポリビニルアセタールを使用する方法等(例えば特許文献6参照)が提案されている。
【0005】
【特許文献1】特開平3−170360号公報(実施例、比較例)
【特許文献2】特開平10−67567号公報(実施例、比較例)
【特許文献3】特開昭59−156959号公報(請求項1〜4)
【特許文献4】特開平4−175261号公報(請求項1)
【特許文献5】特開平9−136916号公報(請求項1〜2)
【特許文献6】特開平10−120468号公報(請求項1)
【0006】
しかしながら、従来の水溶性または水分散性の有機高分子を用いた成形法には下記のような問題点があった。
(1)柔軟性が十分でないため可塑剤を使用する必要があり、可塑剤のマイグレーションによりシート表面に粘着性が生じる。
(2)セラミックグリーンシート焼結後にバインダー樹脂中の金属塩が残留するため、特に積層セラミックコンデンサのように積層して使用する場合等にコンデンサ特性を損ねる等の不具合が生じる。
特に、近年、電子機器の多機能化や小型化によりシートの薄膜化が求められており、金属塩の残留は微量でも問題となってくる。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明のバインダーは水に溶解可能であり、かつ可塑剤を使用せずともセラミックグリーンシートに柔軟性を与え、高い強度を得ることができ、さらには金属塩を全く含まない特にセラミックグリーンシート成形用に好適なバインダーを提供しようとするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を進めてきた結果、(A)脂肪酸ビニルエステルより選ばれる少なくとも1種、(B)2−ピロリドン環を含有する不飽和単量体より選ばれる少なくとも1種、(C)末端または側鎖にオキシアルキレン基を含有する不飽和単量体より選ばれる少なくとも1種の三成分を必須成分として用いて共重合して得た。そしてこのようにして得られえたポリビニルエステル系重合体がセラミックグリーンシート成形用のバインダー樹脂として用いることによって、上記課題が解決されることを見出し、さらに検討を重ねて、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、
(1)(A)脂肪酸ビニルエステルより選ばれる少なくとも1種、(B)2−ピロリドン環を含有する不飽和単量体より選ばれる少なくとも1種、(C)末端または側鎖にオキシアルキレン基を含有する不飽和単量体より選ばれる少なくとも1種の三成分を必須成分として用いて共重合して得たポリビニルエステル系重合体からなることを特徴とするバインダー、
(2)(B)成分が一般式(1)
【化5】
[但しR1、R2、R3、R4、R5およびR6はそれぞれ水素原子またはアルキル基を表す]
で示される基を含む不飽和単量体であることを特徴とする前記(1)記載のバインダー、
(3)(C)成分中のオキシアルキレン基が一般式(2)
【化6】
[但しnは1〜50の整数]
で示されるオキシエチレン基または一般式(3)
【化7】
[但しnは1〜50の整数]
で示されるオキシプロピレン基であることを特徴とする前記(1)または(2)記載のバインダー、
(4)セラミックグリーンシート用水性バインダーであることを特徴とする前記(1)〜(3)のいずれかに記載のバインダー、
(5)(4)記載のバインダーを用いて成形したセラミックグリーンシート、
に関する。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明のバインダーは水に溶解させることができ、特にセラミックグリーンシート成形時に水系のセラミックスラリーを作成することができ、セラミックグリーンシート成形用バインダーとして有用である。本発明における水性バインダーとは、本発明のポリビニルエステル系重合体が水に溶解された形態の本発明のバインダーをいう。好ましくは、本発明において用いられるポリビニルエステル系樹脂の約20℃における約4質量%水溶液粘度は約1.5mPa・s以上、より好ましくは約2mPa・s以上である。水溶液粘度の上限値は通常約80mPa・sでよい。上記水溶液粘度が約1.5mPa・s未満の場合にはセラミックグリーンシートの強度が不足するので好ましくない。
【0011】
本発明の(A)成分として用いられる脂肪酸ビニルエステルとしては、ギ酸ビニル、酢酸ビニル、プロピオン酸ビニル、ピバリン酸ビニル、バーサティック酸ビニル、ステアリン酸ビニルなどがあげられ、特に酢酸ビニルがコストの面からも好ましい。
【0012】
本発明の(B)成分として用いられる2−ピロリドン環を含有する不飽和単量体は、一般式(1)
【化8】
[但しR1、R2、R3、R4、R5およびR6はそれぞれ水素原子またはアルキル基を表す]
で示される基が分子中に導入されている。R1、R2、R3、R4、R5およびR6がそれぞれ表すことがあるアルキル基としては、メチル基、エチル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、ペンチル基、オクチル基などの炭素数1〜8のアルキル基が好ましいが、R1、R2、R3、R4、R5およびR6はそれぞれ水素原子またはメチル基であることがより好ましく、いずれも水素原子であることが特に好ましい。かかる一般式(1)で示される基としては、2−オキソピロリジン−1−イル基、3−プロピル−2−オキソピロリジン−1−イル基、5−メチル−2−オキソピロリジン−1−イル基、5、5−ジメチル−2−オキソピロリジン−1−イル基などが好ましい。
【0013】
2−ピロリドン環を含有する不飽和単量体(B)としては、N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン、N−ビニル−3−プロピル−2−ピロリドン、N−ビニル−5−メチル−2−ピロリドン、N−ビニル−5,5−ジメチル−2−ピロリドン、N−ビニル−3,5−ジメチル−2−ピロリドン、N−アリル−2−ピロリドン等があげられ、これらのうちN−ビニル−2−ピロリドンが特に好ましいがこれに限らない。
【0014】
本発明の(C)成分中の末端または側鎖のオキシアルキレン基は、好ましくは一般式(2)
【化9】
[但しR1、R2は水素またはアルキル基(好ましくはメチル基)を、Xは水素、アルキル基、アルキルエステル基(−COO−アルキル)、アルキルアミド基(−CO−モノまたはジアルキルアミノ)、スルホン酸塩基またはカルボン酸塩基等の酸塩基を、nは約1〜100の整数を示す。]で表される構造を有するものであり、なかでもnが約1〜50、好ましくはnが約3〜30のオキシエチレン基もしくはオキシプロピレン基が好適である。
【0015】
オキシアルキレン基を有する不飽和単量体(C)としては、例えばポリエチレングリコール(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリレート、ポリオキプロピレン(メタ)アクリレート等のポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリレート類、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド等のポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アクリル酸アミド類、ポリオキシエチレン(メタ)アリルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレン(メタ)アリルエーテル等のポリオキシアルキレン(メタ)アリルエーテル類、ポリオキシエチレンビニルエーテル、ポリオキシプロピレンビニルエーテル等のポリオキシアルキレンビニルエーテル類、例えばポリエチレングリコールブチルビニルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールブチルビニルエーテル等のポリオキシアルキレンアルキルビニルエーテル類、ポリエチレングリコールアリルエーテル、ポリプロピレングリコールアリルエーテル等のポリアルキレングリコールアリルエーテル類等があげられるがこれに限らない。
【0016】
ポリビニルエステル系樹脂中の(A)、(B)、(C)成分の割合は、得られるポリビニルエステル系樹脂が水溶性であれば特に制限はないが、セラミックグリーンシートの成形性や柔軟性、強度等を考慮すると(A)約20〜60モル%、(B)約10〜80モル%、(C)約0.5〜50モル%の範囲で共重合することが好ましい。
【0017】
ポリビニルエステル系樹脂の共重合の方法は公知の方法でよく、ラジカル重合、例えば塊状重合法、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、乳化重合方法等であり、中でもメチルアルコール等の溶剤中でα,α’−アゾビスイソブチロニトリル、2,2’−アゾビス(2,4−ジメチルバレロニトリル)等のアゾ系または、過酸化ベンゾイル、過酢酸、ジ−n−プロピルパーオキシジカーボネート等の過酸化物系の開始剤を用いて重合する方法が一般的である。
【0018】
共重合に際しては本発明を損なわない範囲で共重合可能な他の不飽和単量体、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、無水マレイン酸、フマル酸、クロトン酸、イタコン酸等のカルボキシル基含有単量体、マレイン酸モノメチル、イタコン酸モノメチル等の不飽和二塩基酸モノアルキルエステル類、アクリルアミド、ジメチルアクリルアミド、N−メチロールアクリルアミド等のアミド基含有単量体、ラウリルビニルエーテル、ステアリルビニルエーテル等のアルキルビニルエーテル類、アリルアルコール、ジメチルアリルアルコール、イソプロペニルアリルアルコール、ヒドロキシエチルビニルエーテル、ヒドロキシブチルビニルエーテル等の水酸基含有単量体、アリルアセテート、ジメチルアリルアセテート、イソプロペニルアリルアセテート等のアセチル基含有単量体、メタクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸エチル、アクリル酸−2−エチルヘキシル、アクリル酸−n−ブチル等のアクリル酸エステル類、塩化ビニル、塩化ビニリデン、フッ化ビニル等のハロゲン化ビニル、トリメトキシビニルシラン、トリブチルビニルシラン、ジフェニルメチルビニルシラン等のビニルシラン類、エチレン、プロピレン等のα―オレフィン類、スチレン等の芳香族系単量体、ダイアセトンアクリルアミド等と共重合してもかまわない。メルカプタン類、アルデヒド類、ハロゲン含有化合物等を添加して重合度を調整したり、分子鎖末端を変性したりすることも可能である。また、未反応の単量体の除去方法および共重合物であるポリビニルエステル系共重合物の乾燥、粉砕方法等も公知の方法でよく、特に制限はない。
【0019】
また、本発明において使用されるポリビニルエステル系樹脂は、セラミックスラリー組成物中に約2〜20質量%好ましくは約3〜15質量%の範囲で配合するのがよい。樹脂の配合量が2質量%未満では、セラミックス粉末全体にポリビニルエステル系樹脂を分散させるには不十分となり、得られるセラミックグリーンシートの強度、柔軟性が十分でなく、焼結後にクラック等が発生しやすくなる。樹脂の配合量が約20質量%を超えるとセラミックススラリー組成物の粘度が高くなりすぎて分散性が低下したり、焼結時に多量のガスが発生する等の問題が生じる場合がある。
【0020】
本発明に用いるセラミックス粉末としては、セラミックス製造に使用されうる金属または非金属の酸化物または非酸化物の粉末があげられる。具体的にはアルミナ、ジルコニア、ケイ酸アルミニウム、酸化チタン、酸化亜鉛、チタン酸バリウム、マグネシア、サイアロン、スピネルムライト、結晶化ガラス、炭化ケイ素、窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミニウム等の粉末があげられる。これらは単独で用いられてもよいが、2種以上が組み合わされて併用されてもよい。上記セラミックス粉末に、MgO−SiO2−CaO系、B2O3−SiO2系、PbO−B2O3−SiO2系、CaO−SiO2−MgO−B2O3系またはPbO−SiO2−B2O3−CaO系等のガラスフリットが添加されていてもよい。
【0021】
上記セラミックス粉末の粒径は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば薄層セラミックグリーンシート(厚さ約5μm以下)の作製用としては、約0.5μm以下の微粒子が好適に用いられる。
上記セラミックス粉末は、一般的にはセラミックスラリー組成物中に約20〜80質量%好ましくは約30〜80質量%の範囲で配合されるがこの限りではない。
【0022】
本発明において使用される水は、ポリビニルエステル系樹脂を溶解し、セラミックスラリー組成物に適度な混練性を与えるもので、セラミックスラリー組成物中に約20〜80質量%の範囲で配合されるのが好ましい。有機溶媒は加えなくともよい。
本発明におけるセラミックスラリー組成物には、目的を達成しうる範囲内で、必要に応じて可塑剤、潤滑剤、解膠剤、濡れ剤、帯電防止剤、消泡剤などを含有させてもよい。
【0023】
上記のようにして調整されたセラミックスラリー組成物は、均一に混合された後、脱泡され、剥離性のポリエステルフィルム等の支持体上に塗布され、加熱、乾燥により水が除去され、その後支持体から剥離されセラミックグリーンシートが製造される。
このセラミックグリーンシートを用いて積層セラミックコンデンサーを得るには、このセラミックグリーンシートを所定の形状、寸法にカットし、その表面に電極を印刷した後、複数枚(数十枚)積層し、これを熱圧着することにより一体化して積層体を得る。これを適当な大きさにカットした後、高温(例えば500℃程度)で加熱してセラミックス粉末を焼結させ、電極端子をとりつければよい。
【0024】
【実施例】
以下具体例をあげて本発明をさらに詳しく説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例によってなんら限定されるものではない。なお以下の実施例において「%」および「部」は特に断りのない限りそれぞれ「質量%」および「質量部」を意味する。
【0025】
[実施例1]
<ポリビニルエステル系樹脂の製造>
攪拌機、還流冷却管、窒素導入管、温度計、圧力計を備えた反応器を窒素置換した後、脱酸素した酢酸ビニルモノマー2000質量部、N−ビニル−2−ピロリドン1700質量部、メタノール800質量部、ポリエチレングリコールブチルビニルエーテル(EOの付加数は8単位)450質量部を仕込み、攪拌下で昇温を開始し内温が60℃になったところで、別途メタノール250質量部に開始剤(アゾビスイソブチロニトリル)3.5質量部を溶解した溶液を添加して重合を開始した。60℃で6時間重合した後、冷却して重合を停止した。このときの重合溶液中の固形分濃度は63%であった。得られた重合溶液を塔内に多孔板を多段数有する脱モノマー塔に供給して塔下部よりメタノール蒸気を吹き込んで重合溶液と接触させ未反応の酢酸ビニルモノマーを除去した。このときのポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂−メタノール溶液の固形分濃度は65%であった。このポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂−メタノール溶液を押し出し式乾燥機で乾燥した後粉砕を行い、本発明のポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂を得た。本発明の樹脂は、濃度が4%になるように水に溶解後、20℃の恒温水槽にて放置して液温を20℃にした後、B型回転粘度計(東機産業株式会社製)にて粘度を測定したところ6.2mPa・sであった。
【0026】
<セラミックスラリー組成物の調整>
得られたポリ酢酸ビニル樹脂14質量部を水76質量部に加え、攪拌して溶解させた。得られた水溶液に、セラミックス粉末としてチタン酸バリウム粉末(0.3μm)100質量部を加え、ボールミルで24時間混合してセラミックスラリー組成物を調整した。
【0027】
<セラミックグリーンシートの作製>
得られたセラミックスラリー組成物を離型処理したポリエステルフィルム上に流延し、常温で30分間風乾した後、熱風乾燥機にて60〜80℃で15時間加熱乾燥し、水分を揮発させて、厚さ5μmセラミックグリーンシートを作製した。
【0028】
[実施例2〜5]
実施例1と同様にして、しかしながら表1に示すように(B)成分、(C)成分を変えて、4種類のポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂を作製し、セラミックスラリー組成物を調整し、セラミックグリーンシートを作製した。
【0029】
[比較例1]
(C)成分としてポリエチレングリコールブチルビニルエーテルを使用しない以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂を作製し、セラミックスラリー組成物を調整し、セラミックグリーンシートを作製した。セラミックスラリーの分散性、セラミックグリーンシート強度は問題なかったが、柔軟性が悪かった。
【0030】
[比較例2]
(B)成分および(C)成分を使用しない以外は実施例1と同様にしてポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂を作製し、セラミックスラリー組成物の調整を試みたが、ポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂が水に溶解せず、セラミックグリーンシートを作製することができなかった。
【0031】
[比較例3]
セラミックグリーンシート成形用バインダー樹脂として表1に示すポリビニルアルコール樹脂を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にしてセラミックスラリー組成物を調整し、セラミックグリーンシートを作製した。セラミックスラリーの分散性、セラミックグリーンシート強度は問題なかったが、柔軟性が悪かった。
【0032】
[比較例4]
セラミックグリーンシート成形用バインダー樹脂として表1に示すポリビニルブチラール樹脂を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にしてセラミックスラリー組成物を調整し、セラミックグリーンシートを作製した。セラミックスラリーの分散性、セラミックグリーンシート強度は問題なかったが、柔軟性が悪かった。
【0033】
[物性評価]
実施例1〜5および比較例1〜4で得られたポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂の水溶性、セラミックスラリー組成物の分散性、並びにセラミックグリーンシートの強度および柔軟性について、以下に示す方法で評価した。評価結果は表2に示した。
1.ポリ酢酸ビニル系樹脂の水溶性
4%水溶液での液の透明性を4段階で評価した。
◎:液が透明
○:液は濁っているが分散している
△:液が濁り、次第に分離してくる
×:溶解しない
2.セラミックスラリー組成物の分散性
グラインドメーター(溝の深さ0〜25μm)を用いて測定し、3段階で評価した。
○:セラミックスの凝集物が認められないもの
△:セラミックスの凝集物は認められるが、粒子径5μm以上のセラミックス凝集物が認められないもの
×:セラミックスの凝集物が認められ、粒子径5μm以上のセラミックスの凝集物が認められるもの
3.セラミックグリーンシート強度
島津製作所社製引張り試験機を用い、測定温度20℃、引張り速度10mm/分の測定条件で、破断時の強度を測定した。
4.セラミックグリーンシート柔軟性
柔軟性について、セラミックグリーンシートを60度に折り曲げ、クラックの発生点を目視で観察し、3段階で評価した。
○:良好
△:普通(ややクラックが発生)
×:悪い(折り曲げ部が割れた)
【0034】
【表1】
【0035】
【表2】
【0036】
【発明の効果】
水系でセラミックスラリーを作製することができるため、有機溶剤を用いた成形法での問題点を解決できる。また可塑剤を使用せずともセラミックグリーンシートに適度な柔軟性を与え、かつ高い強度を得ることができる。さらには極薄セラミックグリーンシートであっても優れた機械的強度を有するものであるので、セラミックグリーンシート加工時のハンドリング性にも優れ、また樹脂中に金属塩を全く含まないため、セラミックコンデンサー特性を損ねることがなく、大容量にして小型の積層コンデンサー等の精密電子部品用途等へも対応し得るものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a binder particularly suitable for forming ceramic green sheets.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The ceramic green sheet is used for producing, for example, a ceramic circuit board, a multilayer ceramic capacitor, a separation plate for thin layer chromatography, etc., and comprises ceramic raw material powder and a binder resin, and optionally a plasticizer and a dispersing agent. , An antifoaming agent, a solvent and the like are mixed to form a sheet.
Specifically, after adding a plasticizer, a dispersant, and an antifoaming agent to a binder resin dissolved or dispersed in a solvent, a ceramic raw material powder such as alumina, zirconia, aluminum silicate, and titanium oxide is added to the ball mill. A ceramic slurry composition is prepared by uniformly mixing and defoaming with a mixing device such as the above. This ceramic slurry composition is cast on a release-treated support using a doctor blade, a three-roll reverse coater or the like.
The ceramic green sheet is used to obtain a multilayer ceramic capacitor, etc., and is obtained by evaporating and drying the solvent of the ceramic slurry composition cast on the support by a method such as heating and peeling it from the support. The thickness is about several tens of μm, and it has moderate strength and flexibility.
As the binder resin used for forming the ceramic green sheet, a butyral resin such as polyvinyl butyral resin is conventionally used, which is dissolved in an organic solvent such as ethanol or n-propanol, methyl ethyl ketone or toluene. To do. (For example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2)
[0003]
However, the conventional molding method using an organic solvent has the following problems.
(1) Harm to the human body due to organic solvents.
(2) Contamination with organic solvents.
(3) Risk of explosion or fire when handling organic solvents.
(4) The price of the organic solvent for producing the ceramic green sheet is high.
(5) It is necessary to make the device explosion-proof, and an organic solvent recovery device is necessary, and the equipment cost is high.
[0004]
In order to solve these problems, a molding method using a water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymer has been proposed. For example, a method using (I) (A) a hydrophobic group having a hydrocarbon having 4 or more carbon atoms or (A) and (B) a modified polyvinyl alcohol having an ionic hydrophilic group in the side chain (see, for example, Patent Document 3) ), (II) a method using a water-soluble polyvinyl acetal resin (see, for example, Patent Document 4), (III) a method using a polyvinyl alcohol polymer having the general formula (4) (see, for example, Patent Document 5)
[Formula 4]
[However, R 1 represents hydrogen or a methyl group, and R 2 represents a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. And (IV) a method using a silane-modified polyvinyl acetal having a silanol group (see, for example, Patent Document 6).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-170360 (Examples and Comparative Examples)
[Patent Document 2] JP-A-10-67567 (Examples and Comparative Examples)
[Patent Document 3] Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 59-156959 (Claims 1 to 4)
[Patent Document 4] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4-175261 (Claim 1)
[Patent Document 5] JP-A-9-136916 (Claims 1 and 2)
[Patent Document 6] Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-120468 (Claim 1)
[0006]
However, conventional molding methods using water-soluble or water-dispersible organic polymers have the following problems.
(1) Since the flexibility is not sufficient, it is necessary to use a plasticizer, and the migration of the plasticizer causes stickiness on the sheet surface.
(2) Since the metal salt in the binder resin remains after the ceramic green sheet is sintered, there is a problem that the capacitor characteristics are impaired particularly when the laminate is used like a multilayer ceramic capacitor.
In particular, in recent years, there has been a demand for sheet thinning due to multifunctional and miniaturization of electronic devices, and the residual metal salt becomes a problem even with a small amount.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The binder of the present invention can be dissolved in water and can give the ceramic green sheet flexibility and high strength without using a plasticizer. It is an object of the present invention to provide a binder suitable for use.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of diligent research to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors selected (A) at least one selected from fatty acid vinyl esters and (B) an unsaturated monomer containing a 2-pyrrolidone ring. It was obtained by copolymerization using at least one of the three components selected from unsaturated monomers containing an oxyalkylene group at the terminal or side chain as essential components. The polyvinyl ester polymer thus obtained is used as a binder resin for forming a ceramic green sheet, thereby finding that the above-mentioned problems are solved, and further investigations are made to complete the present invention. It was.
[0009]
That is, the present invention
(1) (A) at least one selected from fatty acid vinyl esters, (B) at least one selected from unsaturated monomers containing a 2-pyrrolidone ring, (C) an oxyalkylene group at the terminal or side chain. A binder comprising a polyvinyl ester polymer obtained by copolymerization using at least one of three components selected from unsaturated monomers contained as an essential component;
(2) The component (B) is represented by the general formula (1)
[Chemical formula 5]
[Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group]
The binder according to (1), which is an unsaturated monomer containing a group represented by:
(3) The oxyalkylene group in component (C) is represented by the general formula (2)
[Chemical 6]
[N is an integer from 1 to 50]
Or an oxyethylene group represented by the general formula (3)
[Chemical 7]
[N is an integer from 1 to 50]
The binder according to (1) or (2) above, which is an oxypropylene group represented by:
(4) The binder according to any one of (1) to (3), which is an aqueous binder for ceramic green sheets,
(5) A ceramic green sheet formed using the binder described in (4),
About.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. The binder of the present invention can be dissolved in water. In particular, an aqueous ceramic slurry can be prepared at the time of forming a ceramic green sheet, which is useful as a binder for forming a ceramic green sheet. The aqueous binder in the present invention refers to the binder of the present invention in a form in which the polyvinyl ester polymer of the present invention is dissolved in water. Preferably, the polyvinyl ester resin used in the present invention has a viscosity of about 4% by mass aqueous solution at about 20 ° C. of about 1.5 mPa · s or more, more preferably about 2 mPa · s or more. The upper limit value of the aqueous solution viscosity is usually about 80 mPa · s. When the aqueous solution viscosity is less than about 1.5 mPa · s, the strength of the ceramic green sheet is insufficient, which is not preferable.
[0011]
Examples of the fatty acid vinyl ester used as the component (A) of the present invention include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate, and vinyl stearate. Is also preferable.
[0012]
The unsaturated monomer containing a 2-pyrrolidone ring used as the component (B) of the present invention is represented by the general formula (1).
[Chemical 8]
[Wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group]
Is introduced into the molecule. Examples of the alkyl group that each of R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 may represent include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, butyl group, isobutyl group, pentyl group, octyl group Although an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms such groups are preferred, R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, more preferably R 5 and R 6 are each hydrogen atom or a methyl group, each is hydrogen atom It is particularly preferred that Examples of the group represented by the general formula (1) include 2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group, 3-propyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group, and 5-methyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group. A 5,5-dimethyl-2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl group and the like are preferable.
[0013]
Examples of the unsaturated monomer (B) containing a 2-pyrrolidone ring include N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-3-propyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-allyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like are mentioned, and among these, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Is particularly preferable, but is not limited thereto.
[0014]
The terminal or side chain oxyalkylene group in the component (C) of the present invention is preferably represented by the general formula (2).
[Chemical 9]
[Wherein R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen or an alkyl group (preferably a methyl group), X is hydrogen, an alkyl group, an alkyl ester group (—COO-alkyl), an alkylamide group (—CO-mono or dialkylamino), An acid base such as a sulfonate group or a carboxylate group, n represents an integer of about 1 to 100. Among them, an oxyethylene group or an oxypropylene group in which n is about 1 to 50, and preferably n is about 3 to 30, is preferable.
[0015]
Examples of the unsaturated monomer (C) having an oxyalkylene group include polyoxyalkylene (meth) acrylates such as polyethylene glycol (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylate, polyoxypropylene (meth) acrylate, Polyoxyalkylene (meth) acrylic amides such as polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylic amide, polyoxypropylene (meth) acrylic amide, polyoxyethylene (meth) allyl ether, polyoxypropylene (meth) allyl ether, etc. Polyoxyalkylene (meth) allyl ethers, polyoxyethylene vinyl ethers, polyoxyalkylene vinyl ethers such as polyoxypropylene vinyl ether, such as polyethylene glycol butyl vinyl ether, Polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether and propylene glycol butyl ether, polyethylene glycol allyl ethers, polyalkylene glycol ethers such as polypropylene glycol allyl ether and the like is not limited thereto.
[0016]
The ratio of the components (A), (B), and (C) in the polyvinyl ester resin is not particularly limited as long as the obtained polyvinyl ester resin is water-soluble, but the moldability and flexibility of the ceramic green sheet, In view of strength and the like, it is preferable to copolymerize in a range of (A) about 20 to 60 mol%, (B) about 10 to 80 mol%, and (C) about 0.5 to 50 mol%.
[0017]
The copolymerization method of the polyvinyl ester resin may be a known method, such as radical polymerization, for example, bulk polymerization method, solution polymerization method, suspension polymerization method, emulsion polymerization method, etc., among which α, azo compounds such as α′-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2′-azobis (2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), or benzoyl peroxide, peracetic acid, di-n-propyl peroxydicarbonate, etc. A polymerization method using an oxide-based initiator is common.
[0018]
Other unsaturated monomers copolymerizable within the scope of the present invention upon copolymerization, for example, carboxyl groups such as (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, etc. Containing monomers, unsaturated dibasic acid monoalkyl esters such as monomethyl maleate and monomethyl itaconate, amide group containing monomers such as acrylamide, dimethylacrylamide and N-methylolacrylamide, alkyl such as lauryl vinyl ether and stearyl vinyl ether Hydroxyl-containing monomers such as vinyl ethers, allyl alcohol, dimethyl allyl alcohol, isopropenyl allyl alcohol, hydroxyethyl vinyl ether, hydroxybutyl vinyl ether, allyl acetate, dimethyl allyl acetate, isopropenyl allyl Acetyl group-containing monomer such as cetate, acrylic acid esters such as methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, acrylic acid-2-ethylhexyl, acrylic acid-n-butyl, halogen such as vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride It may be copolymerized with vinyl silanes such as vinyl fluoride, trimethoxy vinyl silane, tributyl vinyl silane, diphenylmethyl vinyl silane, α-olefins such as ethylene and propylene, aromatic monomers such as styrene, diacetone acrylamide, etc. . Mercaptans, aldehydes, halogen-containing compounds and the like can be added to adjust the degree of polymerization, and the molecular chain terminals can be modified. Also, a method for removing unreacted monomers and a method for drying and pulverizing a polyvinyl ester copolymer that is a copolymer may be known methods, and there is no particular limitation.
[0019]
Further, the polyvinyl ester resin used in the present invention may be blended in the ceramic slurry composition in an amount of about 2 to 20% by mass, preferably about 3 to 15% by mass. If the resin content is less than 2% by mass, it will be insufficient to disperse the polyvinyl ester resin throughout the ceramic powder, and the resulting ceramic green sheet will not have sufficient strength and flexibility, and cracks will occur after sintering. It becomes easy to do. When the blending amount of the resin exceeds about 20% by mass, the ceramic slurry composition becomes too high in viscosity, which may cause problems such as a decrease in dispersibility and generation of a large amount of gas during sintering.
[0020]
Examples of the ceramic powder used in the present invention include metal or nonmetal oxide or nonoxide powder that can be used in the production of ceramics. Specific examples include powders of alumina, zirconia, aluminum silicate, titanium oxide, zinc oxide, barium titanate, magnesia, sialon, spinel mullite, crystallized glass, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, and the like. These may be used singly or in combination of two or more. To the ceramic powder, MgO—SiO 2 —CaO, B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 , PbO—B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 , CaO—SiO 2 —MgO—B 2 O 3 or PbO—SiO 2 is used. Glass frit such as —B 2 O 3 —CaO may be added.
[0021]
The particle diameter of the ceramic powder is not particularly limited. For example, fine particles of about 0.5 μm or less are suitably used for producing a thin ceramic green sheet (thickness of about 5 μm or less).
The ceramic powder is generally blended in the ceramic slurry composition in an amount of about 20 to 80% by mass, preferably about 30 to 80% by mass, but not limited thereto.
[0022]
The water used in the present invention dissolves the polyvinyl ester resin and imparts an appropriate kneadability to the ceramic slurry composition, and is blended in the ceramic slurry composition in a range of about 20 to 80% by mass. Is preferred. An organic solvent may not be added.
The ceramic slurry composition of the present invention may contain a plasticizer, a lubricant, a peptizer, a wetting agent, an antistatic agent, an antifoaming agent, etc., as necessary, within a range in which the object can be achieved. .
[0023]
The ceramic slurry composition prepared as described above is uniformly mixed, then defoamed, applied onto a support such as a peelable polyester film, water is removed by heating and drying, and then supported. The ceramic green sheet is manufactured by peeling from the body.
In order to obtain a multilayer ceramic capacitor using this ceramic green sheet, the ceramic green sheet is cut into a predetermined shape and size, an electrode is printed on the surface, and then a plurality of (several dozen) sheets are laminated. The laminated body is obtained by integration by thermocompression bonding. After cutting this into an appropriate size, it is heated at a high temperature (for example, about 500 ° C.) to sinter the ceramic powder and attach the electrode terminal.
[0024]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. In the following examples, “%” and “part” mean “% by mass” and “part by mass”, respectively, unless otherwise specified.
[0025]
[Example 1]
<Manufacture of polyvinyl ester resin>
A reactor equipped with a stirrer, reflux condenser, nitrogen inlet tube, thermometer, and pressure gauge was purged with nitrogen, and then deoxygenated 2000 parts by weight of vinyl acetate monomer, 1700 parts by weight of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, and 800 parts by weight of methanol. And 450 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol butyl vinyl ether (8 units of EO added), the temperature was raised under stirring, and when the internal temperature reached 60 ° C., 250 parts by mass of methanol was separately added to an initiator (azobis). A solution in which 3.5 parts by mass of (isobutyronitrile) was dissolved was added to initiate polymerization. After polymerization at 60 ° C. for 6 hours, the polymerization was stopped by cooling. The solid content concentration in the polymerization solution at this time was 63%. The obtained polymerization solution was supplied to a demonomer tower having a multi-stage perforated plate in the tower, and methanol vapor was blown from the bottom of the tower to come into contact with the polymerization solution to remove unreacted vinyl acetate monomer. The solid content concentration of the polyvinyl acetate resin-methanol solution at this time was 65%. The polyvinyl acetate resin-methanol solution was dried with an extrusion dryer and then pulverized to obtain the polyvinyl acetate resin of the present invention. The resin of the present invention is dissolved in water so as to have a concentration of 4%, and then left in a constant temperature water bath at 20 ° C. to bring the liquid temperature to 20 ° C., and then a B-type rotational viscometer (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.). ) To measure the viscosity, it was 6.2 mPa · s.
[0026]
<Adjustment of ceramic slurry composition>
14 parts by mass of the obtained polyvinyl acetate resin was added to 76 parts by mass of water, and dissolved by stirring. To the obtained aqueous solution, 100 parts by mass of barium titanate powder (0.3 μm) as ceramic powder was added and mixed for 24 hours by a ball mill to prepare a ceramic slurry composition.
[0027]
<Production of ceramic green sheet>
The obtained ceramic slurry composition was cast on a release-treated polyester film, air-dried at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then heat-dried at 60 to 80 ° C. for 15 hours with a hot air dryer to volatilize moisture. A ceramic green sheet having a thickness of 5 μm was produced.
[0028]
[Examples 2 to 5]
In the same manner as in Example 1, however, as shown in Table 1, the components (B) and (C) were changed to prepare four types of polyvinyl acetate resins, and the ceramic slurry composition was prepared. A sheet was produced.
[0029]
[Comparative Example 1]
A polyvinyl acetate resin was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that polyethylene glycol butyl vinyl ether was not used as component (C), a ceramic slurry composition was prepared, and a ceramic green sheet was prepared. Although there was no problem with the dispersibility of the ceramic slurry and the strength of the ceramic green sheet, the flexibility was poor.
[0030]
[Comparative Example 2]
A polyvinyl acetate resin was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the component (B) and the component (C) were not used, and an adjustment of the ceramic slurry composition was attempted, but the polyvinyl acetate resin was dissolved in water. No ceramic green sheet could be produced.
[0031]
[Comparative Example 3]
A ceramic slurry composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyvinyl alcohol resin shown in Table 1 was used as a binder resin for forming a ceramic green sheet, to prepare a ceramic green sheet. Although there was no problem with the dispersibility of the ceramic slurry and the strength of the ceramic green sheet, the flexibility was poor.
[0032]
[Comparative Example 4]
A ceramic slurry composition was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the polyvinyl butyral resin shown in Table 1 was used as a binder resin for forming a ceramic green sheet, to prepare a ceramic green sheet. Although there was no problem with the dispersibility of the ceramic slurry and the strength of the ceramic green sheet, the flexibility was poor.
[0033]
[Evaluation of the physical properties]
The water solubility of the polyvinyl acetate resins obtained in Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the dispersibility of the ceramic slurry composition, and the strength and flexibility of the ceramic green sheet were evaluated by the following methods. . The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
1. The transparency of the liquid in an aqueous 4% aqueous solution of polyvinyl acetate resin was evaluated in four stages.
◎: The liquid is transparent ○: The liquid is turbid but dispersed △: The liquid is turbid and gradually separates x: Not dissolved It measured using the dispersibility grindometer (groove depth 0-25 micrometers) of a ceramic slurry composition, and evaluated in three steps.
○: No ceramic aggregates are observed Δ: Ceramic aggregates are observed, but ceramic aggregates having a particle diameter of 5 μm or more are not observed ×: Ceramic aggregates are observed, and the particle diameter is 5 μm or more 2. Ceramic aggregates are observed. Ceramic Green Sheet Strength Using a tensile tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, the strength at break was measured under the measurement conditions of a measurement temperature of 20 ° C. and a tensile speed of 10 mm / min.
4). Regarding the flexibility of the ceramic green sheet, the ceramic green sheet was bent at 60 degrees, and the occurrence point of cracks was visually observed and evaluated in three stages.
○: Good △: Normal (Slightly cracked)
×: Bad (the bent part was broken)
[0034]
[Table 1]
[0035]
[Table 2]
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
Since the ceramic slurry can be produced in an aqueous system, problems with the molding method using an organic solvent can be solved. Moreover, moderate flexibility can be given to the ceramic green sheet without using a plasticizer, and high strength can be obtained. In addition, even ultra-thin ceramic green sheets have excellent mechanical strength, so they have excellent handling properties when processing ceramic green sheets, and contain no metal salt in the resin, so ceramic capacitor characteristics Therefore, it can be used for precision electronic parts such as small multilayer capacitors with a large capacity.
Claims (5)
で示される基を含む不飽和単量体であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のバインダー。Component (B) is represented by general formula (1)
The binder according to claim 1, which is an unsaturated monomer containing a group represented by the formula:
で示されるオキシエチレン基または一般式(3)
で示されるオキシプロピレン基であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載のバインダー。The oxyalkylene group in component (C) is represented by the general formula (2)
Or an oxyethylene group represented by the general formula (3)
The binder according to claim 1, wherein the binder is an oxypropylene group represented by the formula:
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CN112851374A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-28 | 上海佰奥聚新材料科技有限公司 | Dispersion binder combination for nano zirconia ceramic and application thereof |
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CN112851374A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-05-28 | 上海佰奥聚新材料科技有限公司 | Dispersion binder combination for nano zirconia ceramic and application thereof |
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