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JP2004217975A - Carbon thin film and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Carbon thin film and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP2004217975A
JP2004217975A JP2003005283A JP2003005283A JP2004217975A JP 2004217975 A JP2004217975 A JP 2004217975A JP 2003005283 A JP2003005283 A JP 2003005283A JP 2003005283 A JP2003005283 A JP 2003005283A JP 2004217975 A JP2004217975 A JP 2004217975A
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substrate
amorphous carbon
carbon film
plasma
film
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JP4134315B2 (en
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Souji Miyagawa
草児 宮川
Yoshiko Miyagawa
佳子 宮川
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National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Abstract

【課題】非晶質炭素薄膜及びその製造方法を提供する。
【解決手段】高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する方法であって、(1)真空槽で基材をメタンガスプラズマ中に浸し、プラズマ中の正イオンを基材に照射し、基材表層にイオン注入層を形成する、(2)炭化水素を真空槽に導入し、プラズマを生成させ、炭化水素ラジカルを基材に堆積させるとともに、基材に負高電圧パルスを印加し、正イオンを加速して基材に照射する、(3)その際に、高電圧正パルス(0.5〜15kV)を基材に印加し、プラズマ中の電子を基材に照射することにより、表層のみをパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にする、(4)上記(1)〜(3)により、基材に、高導電性の非晶質炭素膜を堆積させた高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する、ことを特徴とする高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体の製造方法、及びその製品。
【選択図】 なし
An amorphous carbon thin film and a method for manufacturing the same are provided.
A method for producing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite, comprising: (1) immersing a substrate in methane gas plasma in a vacuum chamber and irradiating the substrate with positive ions in the plasma; Then, an ion-implanted layer is formed on the surface of the substrate. (2) Hydrocarbon is introduced into a vacuum chamber, plasma is generated, hydrocarbon radicals are deposited on the substrate, and a negative high-voltage pulse is applied to the substrate. And irradiating the substrate with accelerated positive ions. (3) At that time, applying a high-voltage positive pulse (0.5 to 15 kV) to the substrate to irradiate electrons in the plasma to the substrate. (4) Activating only the surface layer in a pulsed manner and bringing the surface to a high temperature state. (4) By the above (1) to (3), a highly conductive amorphous carbon film is deposited on the base material. Producing an amorphous carbon film-substrate composite, characterized by comprising: a highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite; Method for producing a body, and its products.
[Selection diagram] None

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、非晶質の炭素膜の製造方法、及び非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体の製造方法に関するものであり、更に詳しくは、基材に、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜を形成して成る高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する方法、及び該方法により作製した複合体に関するものである。本発明は、各種電極、スイッチ接点など複雑形状を有する導電性基材に、高導電性、高耐食性、及び高密着性の非晶質炭素膜を形成する方法、及びその製品を提供するものとして有用である。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、例えば、燃料電池のバイポーラ板の材料としては、電解質膜が強酸性であるため、また、良好な導電性が必要であるため、多くの場合、ガス不浸透性の炭素板が使われている。その表面には、ガス流路を形成するための溝加工が施される。従来、この材料としては、黒鉛の塊から切り出した板を使っていたが、コストの低減のために、手間のかかる機械加工を必要としない樹脂モールドカーボン、及び膨張化黒鉛基材のガス不浸透性炭素膜を、加圧成型で溝やマニホールドを形成する方法、また、炭素に樹脂やピッチを加え、成形し、焼成/炭化して、炭素・炭素複合材料とする方法、が検討されている。この他に、チタンやステンレスなどの金属や金属と炭素の複合材料も検討されている。
【0003】
しかし、金属は、燃料電池の材料として使う場合、その表面が腐食されやすく、接触抵抗が増加する傾向があり、そのため、表面を貴金属でメッキするなどの対策が必要とされている。これらの材料を基材にコーティングする方法としては、例えば、スパッタリング法、電子ビーム蒸着法、カーボン塗装などがあるが、いずれも密着性、着き回り性、電気伝導性などが充分でなく、使用できない、という問題がある。また、非晶質炭素膜(DLC膜)を高温にして炭化する方法は、基材を800℃以上に加熱する必要があり、基材の熱変形などのために適用できない、という問題がある。一方、例えば、燃料電池セパレート板においては、溝などを有する複雑形状を有する金属薄板上に電気導電性、及び耐食性に優れた炭素材料をコーティングする技術が要求されている。
【0004】
従来、非晶質炭素膜を製造する方法及び装置としては、例えば、カーボン電極間のアーク放電を利用した方法(特許文献1) 、シート状プラズマに炭化水素ガスを導入し基材に負バイアスを印加して炭素膜を堆積させる方法(特許文献2)、グラファイトのレーザーアブレーションを利用して炭素膜を堆積させる方法(特許文献3)、カーボンターゲットを用いたカソード放電型イオンプレーティング法(特許文献4)などが提案されている。しかしながら、これらの先行技術は、例えば、電気導電性、密着性等の面で未だ実用化の域に達しておらず、当該技術分野では、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性の点で更に改善すること、基材に低温(300℃以下)で非晶質炭素膜を形成する方法を開発すること、が強く要請されていた。
【0005】
【特許文献1】
特開2001−11600号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平10−1305号公報
【特許文献3】
特開2001−254170号公報
【特許文献4】
特開2000−87218号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
このような状況の中で、本発明者らは、上記従来技術に鑑みて、上記従来技術の諸問題を抜本的に解決することを可能とする新しい技術を開発することを目標として鋭意研究を積み重ねた結果、基材表面のミキシング層の形成工程、炭化水素のプラズマの生成と正イオンの基材への照射工程、及び正パルスの基材への印加とプラズマ中の電子の基材への照射工程を組み合わせてそれらの処理条件を調整することにより、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜を形成し得ることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
本発明は、低温(300℃以下)で、優れた電気導電性(接触抵抗10mΩ/cm 以下)を有する非晶質炭素薄膜を製造する方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
また、本発明は、金属製基材との密着性に優れた非晶質炭素薄膜の製造方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
また、本発明は、溝加工を施した(複雑形状の)金属薄板上へ、高密着性、高電気電導性、及び高耐食性の非晶質炭素膜をコーティングする方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
更に、本発明は、複雑形状の基材に、電気伝導性、耐食性、及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜(DLC膜)を低コストで、効率良く生産する方法を提供することを目的とするものである。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するための本発明は、以下の技術的手段から構成される。
(1)基材に、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜を形成する方法であって、
(a)真空槽で基材をメタンガスプラズマ中に浸し、プラズマ中の正イオンを基材に照射し、基材表層にイオン注入層を形成する、
(b)炭化水素を真空槽に導入し、プラズマを生成させ、炭化水素ラジカルを基材表面に堆積させるとともに、基材に、負電圧を印加し、正イオンを加速して基材に照射する、
(c)その際に、正高電圧パルス(好適には0.5〜15kV)を基材に印加し、プラズマ中の電子を基材に照射することによって、表層をパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にする、
(d)上記(a)〜(c)により、基材に、高導電性の非晶質炭素膜を堆積させる、
ことを特徴とする非晶質炭素膜の形成方法。
(2)基材に、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜を形成して成る高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する方法であって、
(a)真空槽で基材をメタンガスプラズマ中に浸し、プラズマ中の正イオンを基材に照射し、基材表層にイオン注入層を形成する、
(b)炭化水素を真空槽に導入し、プラズマを生成させ、炭化水素ラジカルを基材表面に堆積させるとともに、基材に、負電圧を印加し、正イオンを加速して基材に照射する、
(c)その際に、正高電圧パルス(好適には0.5〜15kV)を基材に印加し、プラズマ中の電子を基材に照射することによって、表層をパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にする、
(d)上記(a)〜(c)により、基材に、高導電性の非晶質炭素膜を堆積させた高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する、
ことを特徴とする高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体の製造方法。
(3)基材が、複雑形状を任意に有する金属薄板である前記(1)又は(2)記載の方法。
(4)基材が、複雑形状を有する電極である前記(3)記載の方法。
(5)基材が、複雑形状を有するスイッチ接点である前記(3)記載の方法。
(6)前記(2)から(5)のいずれかに記載の方法により製造された、基材に、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜を堆積してなる、高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体。
(7)前記(6)記載の複合体を構成要素として含む電極用高導電性部材。
(8)前記(6)記載の複合体を構成要素として含むスイッチ接点用高導電性部材。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
次に、本発明について更に詳細に説明する。
本発明は、前述のように、主に、基材に、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜を形成して成る高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する方法であって、(a)真空槽で基材をメタンガスプラズマ中に浸し、プラズマ中の正イオンを加速して基材に照射し、表層にイオン注入層を形成する、(b)炭化水素を真空槽に導入し、プラズマを生成させ、ラジカルを基材に堆積させるとともに、基材に、負電圧を印加し、正イオンを基材に照射する、(c)その際に、正高電圧パルスを基材に印加し、プラズマ中の電子を基材に照射することにより、表層をパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にする、(d)上記(a)〜(c)により、基材に、高導電性の非晶質炭素膜を堆積させた高導電性の非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する、ことを特徴とするものである。
【0010】
本発明では、まず、メタンプラズマ中に置いた基材に、負高電圧パルスを印加することによって、基材の全方向からメタンイオン照射を行い、イオン注入によって、基材表面に、炭素原子の分散した導電性皮膜を形成する。次に、トルエンなど分子量の大きい炭化水素を真空槽に導入し、高周波放電、グロー放電などによって、これらのプラズマを生成し、ラジカルを堆積させるとともに、基材に、負高電圧パルスを印加し、正イオンを基材に加速して照射する。この際に、正高電圧パルスを基材に印加し、プラズマ中の電子を基材に照射することによって、表層のみをパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にさせ、炭化水素ラジカル及びイオンを堆積させる。本発明は、これらの工程を有機的に組み合わせることにより、例えば、複雑形状の基材に、高導電性、高耐食性、及び高密着性の非晶質炭素膜を形成することができる。
【0011】
本発明において、プラズマの生成は、好適には、例えば、グロー放電、高周波放電(RF)、電子サイクロトン共鳴(ECR)放電、及びこれらの組み合わせによるパルスプラズマ生成により行うことができるが、これらに制限されるものではなく、あらゆる方法及び装置を用いることが可能である。また、本発明では、炭化水素化合物CxHyのプラズマ放電によるイオンを用いた非晶質炭素の堆積(デポジション)による膜形成が行われるが、上記炭化水素化合物CxHyとして、x=1〜10、y=2〜22の炭化水素が好適に用いられる。
【0012】
本発明において、メタンガスプラズマからの炭素イオンによる表層へのイオン注入層の形成のための条件は、好適には、例えば、ガス条件として、ガス種はメタン、ガス流量は約5〜10sccm、真空度(プロセス時)は5×10−4Torr程度、パルス印加条件として、正パルスは、電圧2.5kV、周波数1kHz、パルス幅5マイクロ秒、負パルスは、電圧20kV、周波数1kHz、パルス幅5マイクロ秒、処理時間は約30分が例示される。しかし、これらの条件は、これらに制限されるものではなく、製品の種類、及び処理目的等に応じて、適宜、変更することができる。
【0013】
次に、高導電性の非晶質炭素膜の形成のための条件は、好適には、例えば、ガス条件として、ガス種はトルエン、ガス流量は3sccm、真空度(プロセス時)は2×10−4Torr程度、パルス印加条件として、正パルスは、電圧3〜6kV、周波数2kHz、パルス幅5マイクロ秒、負パルスは、電圧1〜20kV、周波数1kHz、パルス幅5マイクロ秒、処理時間は約30分が例示される。しかし、これらの条件は、これらに制限されるものではなく、製品の種類、及び処理目的等に応じて、適宜、変更することができる。また、本発明では、プラズマ点火を容易にするために、高周波電源を用いて高周波放電(例えば、13.56MHz)を行うことができる。
【0014】
本発明で使用される装置の一例を、図1及び図2に示す。本発明では、例えば、図1に示されるように、試料容器1(真空槽)、真空ポンプ2、メタン及び炭化水素化合物3、ガス流量計4、高周波電源5、メインバルブ6、高電圧パルス電源7、電流導入端子8、試料9(基材)、熱電対温度計、制御ユニット、及びパソコンから構成される装置が用いられる。この場合、高周波プラズマを用いない場合は、高周波電源5を省略することができる。しかし、これらに制限されるものではなく、同効の機能を有する手段及び装置であれば同様に使用することができる。
【0015】
次に、まず、前処理(ミキシング層形成)工程について説明する。試料容器1を真空ポンプ2を用いて、例えば、1×10−4Torr以下まで排気した後、メタンガス3をガス流量計4を通して試料容器に導入し、高周波電源5の電源を入れ、試料容器のガス圧を、例えば、3×10−2Torr程度に真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を用いて調整する。メタンプラズマが点火した段階で、試料容器1のガス圧が、例えば、5×10−4Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を用いて調整し、高電圧パルス電源7の電源を入れ、電流導入端子8を通して負パルス電圧を試料9(基材)に印加する。これにより、メタンイオンによって試料表面は照射され、イオン注入によるミキシング層の形成が行われる。
【0016】
次に、非晶質炭素膜の堆積工程について説明する。トルエン等の炭化水素ガス3を流量計4を通して試料容器に導入し、高周波電源の電源を入れ、試料容器のガス圧が、例えば、5×10−2Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を用いて調整する。トルエンガスプラズマが点火した段階で、高電圧パルス電源7の電源を入れ、試料容器のガス圧を、例えば、2×10−4Torr程度に真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を用いて調整し、高電圧パルス電源7の正パルス電圧、負パルス電圧を試料1に印加する。これにより、試料(基材)表面にプラズマ電子による照射と、炭化水素の堆積がなされる。図3に、基材に印加するパルス電圧、及びこれらのパルスによって基材に流れるパルス電流についてオシロスコープで測定した例を示す。
【0017】
次に、本発明の方法により作製された高導電性非晶質炭素膜の特性について具体的に説明する。尚、ここでは、後記する実施例1に記載の方法と同様の方法で作製した非晶質炭素膜について、その特性を測定した試験例を示す。
試験例
(1)X線回折(GXRD)
薄膜X線回折装置を用いて、X線入射角度1度で、Si単結晶上に本発明の方法を用いて作製した炭素膜についてX線回折した。その結果、図4に示されるように、どのような回折ピークも認められなかったことから、得られた炭素膜は、非晶質であることが確認された。比較例として、同様の条件でグラファイトについて測定した結果を図5に示す。
【0018】
(2)水素濃度の測定(ERD)
図6に、2.8MeVのHeイオンを用いて、炭素膜からの反跳粒子検出法(ERD法)により測定した水素原子のエネルギースペクトルを示す。このスペクトルを解析することによって、約0.2ミクロン厚さの炭素膜の極表面の水素/炭素=0.16、膜の中心部が水素/炭素=0.21であることが分かった。
【0019】
(3)ラマン分光測定
ラマン分光を測定した結果を図7に示す。得られたスペクトルは、グラファイト構造に起因する1580cm−1付近のGピークとsp2混成軌道不規則構造に起因する1400cm−1付近のDピークに分離することができる。本方法で作製した炭素膜の場合、これらのピーク強度比(G/D比)が0.29であり、通常の正パルスを印加しない場合のG/D比1〜2に比べて、かなり小さな値になっている。これまでに報告されている実験結果から、G/D比が小さくなるに従ってsp2構造の存在確率が増えることが知られていることから、このDLC膜は膜形成時に電子照射によりパルス的に高温状態にしているため、グラファイト構造が優勢になり、そのため電気導電率が増加したと考えることができる。
【0020】
(4)微小硬度測定
得られた炭素膜(膜厚さ約0.2ミクロン)について、ナノインデンターの圧子の押し込み深さと荷重の関係から、膜の硬度を測定した。膜の硬度は13.37Gpaであり、通常の方法で作製した炭素膜よりも幾分柔らかいが、金属よりはるかに高硬度であった。
【0021】
(5)密着強度測定
SUS304に炭素膜を0.2ミクロン厚さコーティングした試料について、連続荷重方式の引っかき試験により密着強度を測定した。図8に、そのデータを示す(スクラッチ長さ:5mm、荷重:0〜3N、引っかき速度4.9mm/min)。AE(アコースティックエミッション) も測定したところ、まったく変化していなかった。摩擦係数が10Nあたりで増加しており、また、顕微鏡観察の結果などから、10N以上で十分な密着強度があることが分かった。
【0022】
(6)耐食性試験
5%硫酸溶液について、耐食性試験(アノード分極測定)を行った。図9に、その結果を示す。図中、No.1は、未処理のSUS304について、No.4は、炭素コーティングした試料についての分極特性である。1〜1.5Vのあたりで、2桁近くアノード電流密度が減少しており、耐食特性が向上していることが分かった。
【0023】
(7)電気抵抗測定
炭素膜の電気抵抗率を4端子測定法により測定した。試料は0.2ミクロン厚さの炭素膜をSUS304にコーティングしたものを用いた。
電気抵抗率は、7mΩ.cm(正パルス電圧:4.0kV、負パルス電圧:20kV)、5mΩ.cm(正パルス電圧:4.5kV、負パルス電圧:20kV)、6mΩ.cm(正パルス電圧:5.0kV、負パルス電圧:20kV)、60mΩ.cm(正パルス電圧:0kV、負パルス電圧:20kV)、80kΩ.cm(正パルス電圧:0kV、負パルス電圧:10kV)であった。
【0024】
(8)接触抵抗測定
炭素膜の接触抵抗は、基板材料に断面積0.5cm のCu電極を一定圧力(10kgf)でプレスし、この両電極間の電気抵抗を測定して調べた。
基板材料として、SUS304に非晶質炭素膜を厚さ0.2μm形成したものを用いた。

Figure 2004217975
【0025】
【作用】
本発明では、メタンガスプラズマによるミキシングによる前処理を行うが、メタンプラズマ中に基材を浸し、基材に負高電圧パルスを印加することによって、プラズマ中の正イオンを基材に全方向から照射し、それにより、基材表面の酸化膜など高抵抗層を除去すると共に、電気導電性のミキシング層を形成する。次に、トルエンなど分子量の大きい炭化水素を真空槽に導入し、高周波放電、グロー放電などによって、これらのプラズマを生成し、基材に負高電圧パルスを印加し、正イオンを基材に照射する。この際に、正パルスを基材に印加し、プラズマ中の電子を基材に照射することによって、表層のみをパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にさせながら、炭化水素プラズマを堆積させる。ちなみに、4keV電子の炭素中の飛程はおよそ0.1〜0.2ミクロンであり、ほとんど基材に達しないため、基材の温度上昇を防ぐことができる。
【0026】
【実施例】
次に、実施例に基づいて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明は、以下の実施例によって何ら限定されるものではない。
実施例1
本実施例では、図1の装置を用いて、SUSにカーボン膜を形成した。
(1)前処理(ミキシング層形成)
試料容器1を、真空ポンプ2を用いて、1×10−4Torr以下まで排気した。次に、メタンガス(CH )3を、ガス流量計4を通して7sccmの流量で試料容器に導入した。次いで、高周波電源5の電源ONにし、試料容器のガス圧力が、おおよそ3×10−2Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。メタンガスプラズマが点火し、そこで、試料容器1のガス圧力が5×10−4Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。高電圧パルス電源7をONにし、電流導入端子8を通して、負パルス電圧(−20kV、周波数1kHz、パルス幅5μsec)を試料9に印加した。これにより、メタンイオンによって試料表面は照射され、イオン注入によるミキシング層が形成された。30分後、高電圧パルス電源7、及び高周波電源5をOFFにし、メタンガスの供給を止めると共に、真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を完全に開き、試料容器1を排気した。
【0027】
(2)DLC膜の堆積
次に、炭化水素ガス(CxHy)としてトルエン(C )3を流量計4を通して3sccmの流量で試料容器に導入した。高周波電源をONにし、試料容器のガス圧力が、おおよそ5×10−2Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。(トルエン)ガスプラズマが点火し、そこで、高電圧パルス電源7をONにし、試料容器1のガス圧力が2×10−4Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。高電圧パルス電源7の正パルス電圧(3〜6kV、2〜3kHz)、負パルス電圧(1〜20kV、2〜3kHz、5μsec)を試料1に印加した。これにより、基材表面にプラズマ電子による照射、及び炭化水素イオンが堆積された。適当な時間(15分〜2時間)の後、高電圧パルス電源7、及び高周波電源5をOFFにし、(トルエン)ガスの供給をとめた。この場合、基材温度を測定するために、基板ホルダーに埋め込んだ熱電対温度計で測定した結果、250℃程度であった。
【0028】
実施例2
(1)前処理(ミキシング層形成)
本実施例では、図2の装置を用いて、基材に、高導電性非晶質炭素膜を形成した。試料容器1を、真空ポンプ2を用いて、1×10−4Torr以下まで排気した。次に、メタンガス(CH )3を、ガス流量計4を通して7sccmの流量で試料容器1に導入した。次いで、高電圧パルス電源7の電源ONにし、正パルス(約2〜3kV、1kHz)を電流導入端子8を通して試料9に供給した。試料容器1のガス圧力が、おおよそ3×10−2Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。メタンガスプラズマを点火し、試料容器1のガス圧力が5×10−4Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。次いで、高電圧パルス電源7から、負パルス電圧(−20kV、1kHz、5μsec)を試料9に印加した。これにより、メタンイオンによって試料表面は照射され、イオン注入によるミキシング層が形成された。30分後、高電圧パルス電源7をOFFにし、メタンガスの供給を止めると共に、真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を完全に開き、試料容器1を排気した。
【0029】
(2)DLC膜の堆積
次に、炭化水素ガス(CxHy)としてトルエン(C)を流量計4を通して3sccmの流量で試料容器1に導入した。高電圧パルス電源7の電源ONにし、正パルス(約2〜3kV、2kHz、5μsec)を電流導入端子8を通して試料1に供給した。試料容器1のガス圧力が、おおよそ5×10−2Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。その結果、(トルエン)ガスプラズマが点火し、そこで、高電圧パルス電源7をONにし、試料容器1のガス圧力が2×10−4Torr程度になるように真空ポンプ2のメインバルブ6を調整した。次に、高電圧パルス電源から正パルス電圧(3〜6kV、2〜3kHz、5μsec)、負パルス電圧(1〜20kV、2〜3kHz、5μsec)を試料1に印加した。これにより、基材表面にプラズマ電子による照射、及び炭化水素イオンの堆積がおこった。適当な時間(15分〜2時間)の後、高電圧パルス電源7、及び高周波電源5をOFFにし、トルエンガスの供給をとめた。
【0030】
【発明の効果】
以上詳述したように、本発明は、非晶質炭素膜の形成方法、及び非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体の製造方法に係るものであり、本発明により、1)低温(300℃以下)で優れた非晶質炭素膜を製造できる、2)金属製基材との密着性に優れた非晶質炭素薄膜を製造できる、3)溝加工を施した(複雑形状の)金属薄板上へ、高密着性、高電気導電性、高耐食性の非晶質炭素膜をコーティングする方法を提供できる、4)燃料電池セパレート板、スイッチ接点などの複雑形状をした部材に有用な非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を提供できる、5)それらの製品を提供できる、という格別の効果が奏される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】非晶質炭素膜形成装置(高周波プラズマを用いる場合)を示す。
【図2】非晶質炭素膜形成装置(高周波プラズマを用いない場合)を示す。
【図3】パルス波形の例を示す(基材に印加するパルス電圧、及びこれらのパルスによって基材に流れるパルス電流についてオシロスコープで測定した例)。
【図4】本発明の非晶質炭素膜のX線回折図を示す。
【図5】グラファイトのX線回折図を示す。
【図6】反跳粒子検出法(ERD法)による水素原子のエネルギースペクトルを示す。
【図7】ラマン分光分析スペクトルを示す。
【図8】引っかき試験による摩擦係数と荷重の関係を示す。
【図9】耐食性試験によるアノード分極測定の結果を示す。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing an amorphous carbon film, and a method for producing an amorphous carbon film-substrate composite, and more specifically, to a substrate, which has electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and adhesion. The present invention relates to a method for producing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite formed by forming an excellent amorphous carbon film, and a composite produced by the method. The present invention provides a method of forming an amorphous carbon film having high conductivity, high corrosion resistance, and high adhesion on a conductive substrate having a complicated shape such as various electrodes and switch contacts, and a product thereof. Useful.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, for example, as a material for a bipolar plate of a fuel cell, a gas-impermeable carbon plate has been used in many cases because an electrolyte membrane is strongly acidic and a good conductivity is required. I have. Groove processing for forming a gas flow path is performed on the surface. Conventionally, as this material, a plate cut out from a lump of graphite was used, but in order to reduce costs, resin-molded carbon that does not require laborious machining, and gas impermeability of expanded graphite base A method of forming a groove or a manifold by pressure molding of a conductive carbon film, and a method of adding a resin or a pitch to carbon, molding, calcining / carbonizing to form a carbon-carbon composite material are being studied. . In addition, a metal such as titanium or stainless steel, or a composite material of metal and carbon has been studied.
[0003]
However, when a metal is used as a material for a fuel cell, its surface tends to be corroded and its contact resistance tends to increase. Therefore, measures such as plating the surface with a noble metal are required. As a method of coating these materials on a substrate, for example, there are sputtering method, electron beam evaporation method, carbon coating and the like, but none of them have sufficient adhesiveness, covering property, electric conductivity and the like, and cannot be used. There is a problem. Further, the method of carbonizing the amorphous carbon film (DLC film) at a high temperature requires heating the base material to 800 ° C. or more, and has a problem that it cannot be applied due to thermal deformation of the base material. On the other hand, for example, in a fuel cell separate plate, a technique of coating a thin metal plate having a complicated shape having a groove or the like with a carbon material having excellent electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance is required.
[0004]
Conventionally, as a method and an apparatus for producing an amorphous carbon film, for example, a method using an arc discharge between carbon electrodes (Patent Document 1), a method in which a hydrocarbon gas is introduced into a sheet-like plasma to apply a negative bias to a substrate. A method of depositing a carbon film by applying voltage (Patent Document 2), a method of depositing a carbon film using laser ablation of graphite (Patent Document 3), and a cathode discharge type ion plating method using a carbon target (Patent Document 2) 4) has been proposed. However, these prior arts, for example, have not yet reached practical use in terms of electrical conductivity, adhesion, and the like, and in the art, are further improved in terms of electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and adhesion. There has been a strong demand for developing a method for forming an amorphous carbon film on a substrate at a low temperature (300 ° C. or lower).
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2001-11600 A [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-10-1305 [Patent Document 3]
JP 2001-254170 A [Patent Document 4]
JP 2000-87218 A
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Under these circumstances, the present inventors have made intensive studies in view of the above-described conventional technology with the aim of developing a new technology that can drastically solve the problems of the above-described conventional technology. As a result of the stacking, the step of forming a mixing layer on the surface of the substrate, the step of generating a plasma of hydrocarbons and the step of irradiating the substrate with positive ions, and the application of a positive pulse to the substrate and the application of electrons in the plasma to the substrate It has been found that an amorphous carbon film having excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and adhesion can be formed by adjusting the treatment conditions by combining the irradiation steps, and the present invention has been completed.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an amorphous carbon thin film having excellent electrical conductivity (contact resistance of 10 mΩ / cm 2 or less) at a low temperature (300 ° C. or less).
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an amorphous carbon thin film having excellent adhesion to a metal substrate.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of coating an amorphous carbon film having high adhesion, high electrical conductivity, and high corrosion resistance on a grooved (complex) thin metal plate. Is what you do.
Still another object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing an amorphous carbon film (DLC film) having excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance, and adhesion at low cost on a substrate having a complicated shape. It is assumed that.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention for solving the above-mentioned problems includes the following technical means.
(1) A method for forming an amorphous carbon film having excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and adhesion on a substrate,
(A) immersing a substrate in methane gas plasma in a vacuum chamber, irradiating the substrate with positive ions in the plasma, and forming an ion-implanted layer on the surface of the substrate;
(B) Introducing hydrocarbons into a vacuum chamber to generate plasma, depositing hydrocarbon radicals on the substrate surface, applying a negative voltage to the substrate, accelerating positive ions, and irradiating the substrate. ,
(C) At that time, a positive high voltage pulse (preferably 0.5 to 15 kV) is applied to the base material, and the base material is irradiated with electrons in plasma to activate the surface layer in a pulsed manner, State
(D) depositing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film on the substrate according to (a) to (c) above;
A method for forming an amorphous carbon film.
(2) A method for producing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite formed by forming an amorphous carbon film having excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and adhesion on a substrate,
(A) immersing a substrate in methane gas plasma in a vacuum chamber, irradiating the substrate with positive ions in the plasma, and forming an ion-implanted layer on the surface of the substrate;
(B) Introducing hydrocarbons into a vacuum chamber to generate plasma, depositing hydrocarbon radicals on the substrate surface, applying a negative voltage to the substrate, accelerating positive ions, and irradiating the substrate. ,
(C) At that time, a positive high voltage pulse (preferably 0.5 to 15 kV) is applied to the base material, and the base material is irradiated with electrons in plasma to activate the surface layer in a pulsed manner, State
(D) producing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite obtained by depositing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film on a substrate according to the above (a) to (c);
A method for producing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite, comprising:
(3) The method according to the above (1) or (2), wherein the base material is a metal sheet having an arbitrary complex shape.
(4) The method according to (3), wherein the substrate is an electrode having a complicated shape.
(5) The method according to (3), wherein the substrate is a switch contact having a complicated shape.
(6) A high-density amorphous carbon film having excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and adhesion deposited on a substrate produced by the method according to any one of (2) to (5). Conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite.
(7) A highly conductive member for an electrode comprising the composite according to (6) as a constituent element.
(8) A highly conductive member for a switch contact, comprising the composite according to the above (6) as a constituent element.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail.
As described above, the present invention mainly provides a highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite formed by forming an amorphous carbon film having excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and adhesion on a substrate. (A) immersing a base material in methane gas plasma in a vacuum chamber, irradiating the base material with accelerated positive ions in the plasma to form an ion-implanted layer on the surface layer, (b) A hydrocarbon is introduced into a vacuum chamber to generate plasma, deposit radicals on the substrate, and apply a negative voltage to the substrate to irradiate the substrate with positive ions. By applying a voltage pulse to the substrate and irradiating the substrate with electrons in the plasma, the surface layer is activated in a pulsed manner and brought to a high temperature state. (D) The substrate is formed by the above (a) to (c). A highly conductive amorphous carbon film-substrate composite is produced by depositing a highly conductive amorphous carbon film on a material. And it is characterized in that.
[0010]
In the present invention, first, a negative high-voltage pulse is applied to a substrate placed in methane plasma to irradiate methane ions from all directions of the substrate. Form a dispersed conductive film. Next, high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as toluene are introduced into the vacuum chamber, and these plasmas are generated by high frequency discharge, glow discharge, etc., and radicals are deposited, and a negative high voltage pulse is applied to the substrate, The substrate is irradiated with positive ions accelerated. At this time, a positive high voltage pulse is applied to the substrate, and electrons in the plasma are irradiated on the substrate, thereby activating only the surface layer in a pulsed manner, and bringing the surface layer to a high temperature state to deposit hydrocarbon radicals and ions. . According to the present invention, an amorphous carbon film having high conductivity, high corrosion resistance, and high adhesion can be formed on a substrate having a complicated shape, for example, by organically combining these steps.
[0011]
In the present invention, the generation of plasma can be preferably performed by, for example, pulse plasma generation by glow discharge, radio frequency discharge (RF), electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge, or a combination thereof. Without limitation, any method and apparatus can be used. In the present invention, a film is formed by deposition (deposition) of amorphous carbon using ions by plasma discharge of the hydrocarbon compound CxHy. As the hydrocarbon compound CxHy, x = 1 to 10, y = 2-22 hydrocarbons are preferably used.
[0012]
In the present invention, the conditions for forming an ion-implanted layer on the surface layer with carbon ions from methane gas plasma are preferably, for example, gas conditions, the gas type is methane, the gas flow rate is about 5 to 10 sccm, and the degree of vacuum is (At the time of processing) is about 5 × 10 −4 Torr, and as a pulse application condition, a positive pulse has a voltage of 2.5 kV, a frequency of 1 kHz, and a pulse width of 5 μs. Seconds and a processing time of about 30 minutes are exemplified. However, these conditions are not limited to these, and can be appropriately changed according to the type of product, the purpose of processing, and the like.
[0013]
Next, the conditions for forming the highly conductive amorphous carbon film are preferably, for example, gas conditions: toluene, a gas flow rate of 3 sccm, and a degree of vacuum (at the time of processing) of 2 × 10 -4 Torr, pulse application conditions are as follows: positive pulse voltage 3-6 kV, frequency 2 kHz, pulse width 5 microseconds, negative pulse voltage 1-20 kV, frequency 1 kHz, pulse width 5 microseconds, processing time approximately An example is 30 minutes. However, these conditions are not limited to these, and can be appropriately changed according to the type of product, the purpose of processing, and the like. Further, in the present invention, in order to facilitate plasma ignition, high-frequency discharge (for example, 13.56 MHz) can be performed using a high-frequency power supply.
[0014]
One example of the apparatus used in the present invention is shown in FIGS. In the present invention, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a sample container 1 (vacuum tank), a vacuum pump 2, a methane and hydrocarbon compound 3, a gas flow meter 4, a high frequency power supply 5, a main valve 6, a high voltage pulse power supply 7, a device composed of a current introduction terminal 8, a sample 9 (base material), a thermocouple thermometer, a control unit, and a personal computer is used. In this case, when the high frequency plasma is not used, the high frequency power supply 5 can be omitted. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and any means and devices having the same function can be used.
[0015]
Next, the pretreatment (mixing layer formation) step will be described first. After evacuating the sample container 1 to, for example, 1 × 10 −4 Torr or less using the vacuum pump 2, methane gas 3 is introduced into the sample container through the gas flow meter 4, the high-frequency power supply 5 is turned on, and the sample container is turned on. The gas pressure is adjusted to about 3 × 10 −2 Torr, for example, using the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2. At the stage when the methane plasma is ignited, the gas pressure of the sample container 1 is adjusted by using the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 so as to be, for example, about 5 × 10 −4 Torr, and the power supply of the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 is turned on. Then, a negative pulse voltage is applied to the sample 9 (base material) through the current introduction terminal 8. Thereby, the sample surface is irradiated with methane ions, and a mixing layer is formed by ion implantation.
[0016]
Next, the step of depositing an amorphous carbon film will be described. The hydrocarbon gas 3 such as toluene and introduced into the sample vessel through a flow meter 4, power of the high-frequency power supply, gas pressure of the sample container, for example, 5 × 10 becomes about -2 Torr as in the vacuum pump 2 Main The adjustment is performed using the valve 6. When the toluene gas plasma is ignited, the power of the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 is turned on, and the gas pressure of the sample container is adjusted to, for example, about 2 × 10 −4 Torr by using the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2. A positive pulse voltage and a negative pulse voltage of the voltage pulse power supply 7 are applied to the sample 1. Thus, irradiation of the sample (substrate) surface with plasma electrons and deposition of hydrocarbons are performed. FIG. 3 shows an example in which a pulse voltage applied to the base material and a pulse current flowing through the base material by these pulses are measured by an oscilloscope.
[0017]
Next, the characteristics of the highly conductive amorphous carbon film produced by the method of the present invention will be specifically described. Here, a test example is shown in which the characteristics of an amorphous carbon film manufactured by a method similar to the method described in Example 1 described later are measured.
Test example (1) X-ray diffraction (GXRD)
Using a thin film X-ray diffractometer, X-ray diffraction was performed on a carbon film produced on a Si single crystal using the method of the present invention at an X-ray incident angle of 1 degree. As a result, as shown in FIG. 4, no diffraction peak was observed, and thus it was confirmed that the obtained carbon film was amorphous. As a comparative example, FIG. 5 shows the results of measurement on graphite under the same conditions.
[0018]
(2) Measurement of hydrogen concentration (ERD)
FIG. 6 shows an energy spectrum of a hydrogen atom measured by a recoil particle detection method (ERD method) from a carbon film using 2.8 MeV He ions. By analyzing this spectrum, it was found that hydrogen / carbon = 0.16 on the very surface of the carbon film having a thickness of about 0.2 μm and hydrogen / carbon = 0.21 at the center of the film.
[0019]
(3) Raman spectroscopy measurement The result of the Raman spectroscopy measurement is shown in FIG. The obtained spectrum can be separated into a G peak around 1580 cm -1 due to the graphite structure and a D peak around 1400 cm -1 due to the sp2 hybrid orbital disordered structure. In the case of the carbon film produced by this method, the peak intensity ratio (G / D ratio) is 0.29, which is considerably smaller than the G / D ratio of 1 to 2 when no normal positive pulse is applied. Value. From the experimental results reported so far, it is known that the existence probability of the sp2 structure increases as the G / D ratio decreases. Therefore, this DLC film is pulsed to a high temperature state by electron irradiation during film formation. Therefore, it can be considered that the graphite structure became dominant, and the electric conductivity increased.
[0020]
(4) Microhardness Measurement The hardness of the obtained carbon film (thickness: about 0.2 μm) was measured from the relationship between the indentation depth of the indenter of the nanoindenter and the load. The hardness of the film was 13.37 Gpa, which was somewhat softer than a carbon film prepared by a usual method, but much higher than metal.
[0021]
(5) Adhesion strength measurement The adhesion strength of a sample obtained by coating SUS304 with a carbon film having a thickness of 0.2 μm was measured by a continuous load type scratch test. FIG. 8 shows the data (scratch length: 5 mm, load: 0 to 3 N, scratching speed: 4.9 mm / min). When AE (acoustic emission) was also measured, it did not change at all. The coefficient of friction increased around 10 N, and it was found from the results of microscopic observation and the like that sufficient adhesion strength was obtained at 10 N or more.
[0022]
(6) Corrosion resistance test A 5% sulfuric acid solution was subjected to a corrosion resistance test (anode polarization measurement). FIG. 9 shows the result. In FIG. No. 1 is No. 1 for the unprocessed SUS304. 4 is the polarization characteristic of the carbon-coated sample. At around 1 to 1.5 V, the anode current density decreased by almost two digits, indicating that the corrosion resistance was improved.
[0023]
(7) Electric Resistance Measurement The electric resistivity of the carbon film was measured by a four-terminal measuring method. The sample used was obtained by coating SUS304 with a carbon film having a thickness of 0.2 micron.
The electric resistivity is 7 mΩ. cm (positive pulse voltage: 4.0 kV, negative pulse voltage: 20 kV), 5 mΩ. cm (positive pulse voltage: 4.5 kV, negative pulse voltage: 20 kV), 6 mΩ. cm (positive pulse voltage: 5.0 kV, negative pulse voltage: 20 kV), 60 mΩ. cm (positive pulse voltage: 0 kV, negative pulse voltage: 20 kV), 80 kΩ. cm (positive pulse voltage: 0 kV, negative pulse voltage: 10 kV).
[0024]
(8) Contact Resistance Measurement The contact resistance of the carbon film was determined by pressing a Cu electrode having a cross-sectional area of 0.5 cm 2 on the substrate material at a constant pressure (10 kgf), and measuring the electric resistance between the two electrodes.
As the substrate material, SUS304 formed with an amorphous carbon film having a thickness of 0.2 μm was used.
Figure 2004217975
[0025]
[Action]
In the present invention, the pretreatment by mixing with methane gas plasma is performed. However, by immersing the substrate in methane plasma and applying a negative high-voltage pulse to the substrate, the substrate is irradiated with positive ions in the plasma from all directions. As a result, a high-resistance layer such as an oxide film on the substrate surface is removed, and an electrically conductive mixing layer is formed. Next, high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as toluene are introduced into the vacuum chamber, and these plasmas are generated by high-frequency discharge, glow discharge, etc., and a negative high-voltage pulse is applied to the substrate to irradiate the substrate with positive ions. I do. At this time, by applying a positive pulse to the base material and irradiating the base material with electrons in the plasma, the hydrocarbon plasma is deposited while activating only the surface layer in a pulsed manner and bringing it to a high temperature state. Incidentally, the range of 4 keV electrons in carbon is about 0.1 to 0.2 μm, and hardly reaches the base material, so that a rise in the temperature of the base material can be prevented.
[0026]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
In this example, a carbon film was formed on SUS using the apparatus shown in FIG.
(1) Pretreatment (mixing layer formation)
The sample container 1 was evacuated to 1 × 10 −4 Torr or less using the vacuum pump 2. Next, methane gas (CH 4 ) 3 was introduced into the sample container through the gas flow meter 4 at a flow rate of 7 sccm. Next, the high-frequency power supply 5 was turned on, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was adjusted so that the gas pressure of the sample container was approximately 3 × 10 −2 Torr. The methane gas plasma was ignited, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was adjusted so that the gas pressure in the sample container 1 was about 5 × 10 −4 Torr. The high voltage pulse power supply 7 was turned on, and a negative pulse voltage (−20 kV, frequency 1 kHz, pulse width 5 μsec) was applied to the sample 9 through the current introduction terminal 8. As a result, the sample surface was irradiated with methane ions, and a mixing layer was formed by ion implantation. After 30 minutes, the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 and the high-frequency power supply 5 were turned off, the supply of methane gas was stopped, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was completely opened, and the sample container 1 was evacuated.
[0027]
(2) Deposition of DLC Film Next, toluene (C 7 H 8 ) 3 as a hydrocarbon gas (CxHy) was introduced into the sample container at a flow rate of 3 sccm through the flow meter 4. The high-frequency power supply was turned on, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was adjusted so that the gas pressure in the sample container was approximately 5 × 10 −2 Torr. The (toluene) gas plasma was ignited, and the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 was turned on, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was adjusted so that the gas pressure in the sample container 1 was about 2 × 10 −4 Torr. A positive pulse voltage (3 to 6 kV, 2 to 3 kHz) and a negative pulse voltage (1 to 20 kV, 2 to 3 kHz, 5 μsec) of the high voltage pulse power supply 7 were applied to the sample 1. As a result, irradiation with plasma electrons and hydrocarbon ions were deposited on the substrate surface. After an appropriate time (15 minutes to 2 hours), the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 and the high-frequency power supply 5 were turned off, and the supply of the (toluene) gas was stopped. In this case, it was about 250 ° C. as a result of measuring with a thermocouple thermometer embedded in the substrate holder to measure the substrate temperature.
[0028]
Example 2
(1) Pretreatment (mixing layer formation)
In this example, a highly conductive amorphous carbon film was formed on a substrate using the apparatus shown in FIG. The sample container 1 was evacuated to 1 × 10 −4 Torr or less using the vacuum pump 2. Next, methane gas (CH 4 ) 3 was introduced into the sample container 1 through the gas flow meter 4 at a flow rate of 7 sccm. Next, the power supply of the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 was turned on, and a positive pulse (about 2 to 3 kV, 1 kHz) was supplied to the sample 9 through the current introduction terminal 8. The main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was adjusted so that the gas pressure of the sample container 1 was approximately 3 × 10 −2 Torr. The methane gas plasma was ignited, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was adjusted so that the gas pressure in the sample container 1 was about 5 × 10 −4 Torr. Next, a negative pulse voltage (−20 kV, 1 kHz, 5 μsec) was applied to the sample 9 from the high voltage pulse power supply 7. As a result, the sample surface was irradiated with methane ions, and a mixing layer was formed by ion implantation. After 30 minutes, the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 was turned off, the supply of methane gas was stopped, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was completely opened, and the sample container 1 was evacuated.
[0029]
(2) Deposition of DLC Film Next, toluene (C 7 H 8 ) as a hydrocarbon gas (CxHy) was introduced into the sample container 1 through the flow meter 4 at a flow rate of 3 sccm. The power supply of the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 was turned on, and a positive pulse (about 2 to 3 kV, 2 kHz, 5 μsec) was supplied to the sample 1 through the current introduction terminal 8. The main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 was adjusted so that the gas pressure in the sample container 1 was approximately 5 × 10 −2 Torr. As a result, the (toluene) gas plasma is ignited, and the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 is turned on, and the main valve 6 of the vacuum pump 2 is adjusted so that the gas pressure of the sample container 1 becomes about 2 × 10 −4 Torr. did. Next, a positive pulse voltage (3 to 6 kV, 2 to 3 kHz, 5 μsec) and a negative pulse voltage (1 to 20 kV, 2 to 3 kHz, 5 μsec) were applied to the sample 1 from a high voltage pulse power supply. This caused irradiation of the substrate surface with plasma electrons and deposition of hydrocarbon ions. After an appropriate time (15 minutes to 2 hours), the high-voltage pulse power supply 7 and the high-frequency power supply 5 were turned off, and the supply of toluene gas was stopped.
[0030]
【The invention's effect】
As described in detail above, the present invention relates to a method for forming an amorphous carbon film and a method for manufacturing an amorphous carbon film-substrate composite. In the following, an excellent amorphous carbon film can be produced, 2) an amorphous carbon thin film having excellent adhesion to a metal substrate can be produced, and 3) a grooved (complex) metal sheet. It can provide a method of coating an amorphous carbon film with high adhesion, high electrical conductivity and high corrosion resistance on the top. 4) Amorphous amorphous useful for members with complicated shapes such as fuel cell separate plates and switch contacts The carbon film-substrate composite can be provided, and 5) those products can be provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an amorphous carbon film forming apparatus (when high-frequency plasma is used).
FIG. 2 shows an amorphous carbon film forming apparatus (when no high-frequency plasma is used).
FIG. 3 shows an example of a pulse waveform (an example in which a pulse voltage applied to a substrate and a pulse current flowing through the substrate by these pulses are measured by an oscilloscope).
FIG. 4 shows an X-ray diffraction diagram of the amorphous carbon film of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows an X-ray diffraction diagram of graphite.
FIG. 6 shows an energy spectrum of a hydrogen atom by a recoil particle detection method (ERD method).
FIG. 7 shows a Raman spectroscopy spectrum.
FIG. 8 shows a relationship between a friction coefficient and a load by a scratch test.
FIG. 9 shows the results of anodic polarization measurement by a corrosion resistance test.

Claims (8)

炭化水素プラズマ中の導電性基材に負電圧を印加し、炭化水素ラジカル及びイオンを堆積させて非晶質炭素膜を製造する方法であって、正高電圧パルスを基材に印加することによって、プラズマ中の電子を膜形成過程にある表層に高エネルギーで照射し、表層のみをパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にしながら膜形成を行うことを特徴とする、電気導電性に優れた非晶質炭素膜の製造方法。A method for producing an amorphous carbon film by applying a negative voltage to a conductive substrate in a hydrocarbon plasma, depositing hydrocarbon radicals and ions, and applying a positive high voltage pulse to the substrate. An amorphous material with excellent electrical conductivity, characterized by irradiating the surface layer in the process of film formation with high energy with electrons in the plasma, activating only the surface layer in a pulsed manner, and forming the film while maintaining the high temperature state. Method for producing porous carbon film. 炭化水素プラズマ中の導電性基材に負電圧を印加し、炭化水素ラジカル及びイオンを堆積させて非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体を製造する方法であって、正高電圧パルスを基材に印加することによって、プラズマ中の電子を膜形成過程にある表層に高エネルギーで照射し、表層のみをパルス的に活性化、及び高温状態にしながら膜形成を行うことを特徴とする、電気導電性に優れた非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体の製造方法。A method for producing an amorphous carbon film-substrate composite by applying a negative voltage to a conductive substrate in a hydrocarbon plasma to deposit hydrocarbon radicals and ions, wherein a positive high voltage pulse is applied to the substrate. By applying the electrons, the surface layer in the film formation process is irradiated with electrons in the plasma at a high energy, and only the surface layer is activated in a pulsed manner, and the film is formed while maintaining a high temperature state. For producing an amorphous carbon film-substrate composite having excellent properties. 基材が、複雑形状を任意に有する金属薄板である請求項1又は2記載の方法。The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the substrate is a metal sheet having a complex shape. 基材が、複雑形状を有する電極である請求項3記載の方法。The method according to claim 3, wherein the substrate is an electrode having a complicated shape. 基材が、複雑形状を有するスイッチ接点である請求項3記載の方法。4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the substrate is a switch contact having a complicated shape. 請求項2から5のいずれかに記載の方法により製造された、基材に、電気導電性、耐食性及び密着性に優れた非晶質炭素膜を堆積してなる、高導電性非晶質炭素膜−基材複合体。A highly conductive amorphous carbon obtained by depositing an amorphous carbon film having excellent electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and adhesion on a substrate produced by the method according to claim 2. Membrane-substrate composite. 請求項6記載の複合体を構成要素として含む電極用高導電性部材。A highly conductive member for an electrode, comprising the composite according to claim 6 as a constituent element. 請求項6記載の複合体を構成要素として含むスイッチ接点用高導電性部材。A highly conductive member for a switch contact, comprising the composite according to claim 6 as a constituent element.
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