JP2004203699A - Spraying material and spraying method using the same - Google Patents
Spraying material and spraying method using the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2004203699A JP2004203699A JP2002376701A JP2002376701A JP2004203699A JP 2004203699 A JP2004203699 A JP 2004203699A JP 2002376701 A JP2002376701 A JP 2002376701A JP 2002376701 A JP2002376701 A JP 2002376701A JP 2004203699 A JP2004203699 A JP 2004203699A
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- Prior art keywords
- parts
- cement
- spraying
- mortar
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Landscapes
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
【課題】跳ね返りや脱落が少なく、効率的な施工が可能となり、厚付けや大断面の施工ができ、分割して吹付けを行う手間が省けるので施工スピードの短縮化が図れ、得られる硬化体の乾燥収縮が一層抑制できるので、乾燥収縮や硬化収縮によるひび割れの発生を抑えることができ、より耐久性に優れた構造体を形成することが可能となる吹付け材料やその吹付け工法を提供すること。
【解決手段】セメント、一般式がX{O(AO)nR}mで示される特定の粉体の乾燥収縮低減剤、ポリマー、膨張材、増粘剤、超微粉末物質、及び骨材を含有してなり、セメント100部に対して、ポリマーが、固形物換算で3〜15部である吹付け材料、該吹付け材料を用いる吹付け工法を構成とする。
【選択図】 なしAn object of the present invention is to reduce the number of rebounds and falling-offs, to enable efficient construction, to perform thickening and large-section construction, and to reduce the labor of dividing and spraying. The present invention provides a spraying material and a spraying method capable of forming cracks due to drying shrinkage and curing shrinkage, thereby enabling a more durable structure to be formed. To do.
The cement contains a dry shrinkage reducing agent, a polymer, an expanding agent, a thickener, an ultrafine powder substance, and an aggregate of a specific powder represented by the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m. A spraying material in which the polymer is 3 to 15 parts in terms of solids with respect to 100 parts of cement, and a spraying method using the spraying material.
[Selection diagram] None
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、土木、建築分野で使用される吹付け材料及びそれを用いた吹付け工法に関する。
なお、本発明における部や%は特に規定しない限り質量基準で示す。
【0002】
【従来の技術とその課題】
従来、コンクリートの表面仕上げや断面修復には、主にモルタルが使用されている。
モルタルは、通常、モルタルミキサなどでセメント、骨材、及び水等を攪拌・混合して製造され、その施工方法としては、鏝で塗り付けて仕上げを行う方法等が行われている。
その際使用されるモルタルとしては、乾燥収縮防止や硬化収縮防止を目的にモルタルにポリマー及び/又は膨張材を配合させたものを使用する場合が多い。
しかしながら、これらを使用しても、その収縮低減量に限界があり、ひび割れ発生を少なくするためには、より収縮低減量を増加させる必要があった。
特に、鉄筋のかぶりが薄い場合や、直射日光や風を受けやすい場所での施工ではひび割れが発生する場合があるなどの課題があった。
また、鏝仕上げは熟練が必要なうえ、10mm以上の厚塗りが困難で、多大な労力がかかるという課題があった。
さらに、膨張材と乾燥収縮低減剤を配合したセメント組成物も知られている(特許文献1参照)。
このセメント組成物を用いることで、より収縮量の低減が可能であるが、中性化、塩害、及び凍害といった耐久性をも向上させることが難しいという課題もあった。
【0003】
一方、このようなモルタルをポンプで圧送して吹付ける方法も提案されている(特許文献2、特許文献3参照)。
しかしながら、この方法では、吹付けたモルタルが跳ね落ちたり、ダレたりして目的とする施工ができ難くいという課題があった。
また、セメント分のこわばりにより、ポンプ圧送性が悪化し、施工性を悪くするという課題もあった。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開2002−068813号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平06−128007号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平09−012379号公報
【0005】
本発明者は、前記課題を解決すべく種々検討を重ねた結果、特定の吹付け材料を使用することにより、吹付け施工時のモルタルの跳ね返りや脱落が少なく、効率的な施工が可能となり、厚付けや大断面の施工ができるだけでなく、乾燥収縮や硬化収縮によるひび割れを一層低減できるなどの効果を奏するとの知見を得て本発明を完成するに至った。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、セメント、一般式がX{O(AO)nR}mで示され、Xは2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基、AOは炭素数2〜18のオキシアルキレン基、Rは水素原子、炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基、又は炭素数2〜18のアシル基、nは30〜1,000、mは2〜8であり、オキシアルキレン基の60モル%以上はオキシエチレン基であるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を含有してなる粉体の乾燥収縮低減剤、ポリマー、膨張材、増粘剤、超微粉末物質、及び骨材を含有してなり、セメント100部に対して、ポリマーが、固形物換算で3〜15部である吹付け材料であり、乾燥収縮低減剤が、セメント100部に対して、0.2〜10部である該吹付け材料であり、膨張材が、セメント100部に対して、3〜10部である該吹付け材料であり、増粘剤が、セメント100部に対して、0.05〜1部である該吹付け材料であり、超微粉末物質が、セメント100部に対して、1〜10部である該吹付け材料であり、セメント100部に対して、流動化剤0.05〜0.5部を含有してなる該吹付け材料であり、さらに、セメント100部に対して、繊維類0.2〜6部を含有してなる該吹付け材料であり、該吹付け材料を用いる吹付け工法である。
【0007】
【発明の実態の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0008】
本発明で使用するセメントとしては特に限定されるものではないが、通常のセメントの使用が可能である。具体的には、普通、早強、低熱、中庸熱又は超早強等の各種ポルトランドセメント、これらポルトランドセメントに、シリカ、フライアッシュ、石灰石微粉末、又はスラグなどを混合した各種混合セメントなどが挙げられる。
【0009】
本発明で使用する粉体の収縮低減剤とは、一般式X{O(AO)nR}mで示されるもので、Xは2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基、AOは炭素数2〜18のオキシアルキレン基、Rは水素原子、炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基、又は炭素数2〜18のアシル基、nは30〜1,000、mは2〜8であり、オキシアルキレン基の60モル%以上はオキシエチレン基であるポリオキシアルキレン誘導体を含有するものである。
一般式X{O(AO)nR}mにおいて、Xは2〜8個の水酸基を有する化合物の残基である。
水酸基を2〜8個有する化合物としては、エチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、ブチレングリコール、ヘキシレングリコール、スチレングリコール、炭素数8〜18のアルキレングリコール、及びネオペンチルグリコールなどのグリコール類、グリセリン、ジグリセリン、ポリグリセリン、トリメチロールエタン、1,3,5-ペンタントリオール、エリスリトール、ペンタエリスリトール、ジペンタエリスリトール、ソルビトール、ソルビタン、ソルバイド、ソルビトールとグリセリンの縮合物、アドニトール、アラビトール、キシリトール、及びマンニトールなどの多価アルコール類又はそれらの部分エーテル化物若しくはエステル化物、並びに、キシロール、アラビノース、リボース、ラムノース、グリコース、フルクトース、ガラクトース、マンノース、ソルボース、セロビオース、マルトース、イソマルトース、トレハロース、シュークロース、ラフィノース、ゲンチアノース、及びメレジトースなどの糖類又はそれらの部分エーテル化物若しくはエステル化物等が挙げられる。
また、一般式X{O(AO)nR}mにおいて、AOは炭素数2〜18のオキシアルキレン基である。
炭素数2〜18のオキシアルキレン基は、エチレンオキシド、プロピレンオキシド、ブチレンオキシド、テトラヒドロフラン、及び炭素数6〜18のα−オレフィンオキシドなどに由来するもので、オキシエチレン基、オキシプロピレン基、オキシブチレン基、オキシテトラメチレン基、炭素数6〜18のオキシアルキレン基等があり、二種以上が付加しているときは、ブロック状付加でもランダム状付加でもよい。
さらに、一般式X{O(AO)nR}mにおいて、Rは水素原子、炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基、又は炭素数2〜18のアシル基である。
炭素数1〜18の炭化水素基としては、メチル基、エチル基、アリル基、プロピル基、イソプロピル基、ブチル基、イソブチル基、第3ブチル基、アミル基、イソアミル基、ヘキシル基、ヘプチル基、オクチル基、2-エチルヘキシル基、ノニル基、デシル基、ウンデシル基、ドデシル基、イソトリデシル基、テトラデシル基、ヘキサデシル基、イソセチル基、オクタデシル基、イソステアリル基、オレイル基、ベンジル基、クレジル基、ブチルフェニル基、ジブチルフェニル基、オクチルフェニル基、ノニルフェニル基、ドデシルフェニル基、及びスチレン化フェニル基等が挙げられる。
また、炭素数2〜18のアシル基としては、酢酸、プロピオン酸、酪酸、イソ酪酸、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、2-エチルヘキサン酸、ペラルゴン酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸、ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、イソパルミチン酸、マーガリン酸、ステアリン酸、イソステアリン酸、アクリル酸、メタクリル酸、パルミトレイン酸、オレイン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、及び安息香酸等に由来するアシル基が挙げられる。
さらに、一般式X{O(AO)nR}mにおいて、nは30〜1,000である。nが30未満では融点が低くなり粉体で使用することが難しくなる場合があり、nが1,000を超えると粘度が高くなり製造が難しくなる場合がある。
さらに、一般式X{O(AO)nR}mにおいて、mは2〜8である。mが2未満では粉体になりにくい場合があり、mが8を超えると分子量が大きくなりすぎて、水への溶解性が悪くなる場合がある。
そして、一般式X{O(AO)nR}mにおいて、オキシアルキレン基の60モル%以上はオキシエチレン基である。オキシアルキレン基が60モル%未満では融点が低くなり粉体で使用することが難しくなり、セメント溶液中での溶解性が悪くなる場合がある。
粉体の乾燥収縮低減剤の使用量は、セメント100部に対して、0.2〜10部が好ましい。0.2部未満では乾燥収縮低減効果が得られない場合があり、10部を超えると強度発現が阻害される場合がある。
【0010】
本発明で使用するポリマーは、モルタルの跳ね返り防止や下地部分との付着性改善やモルタルの耐久性向上のために使用されるもので、特に限定されるものではないが、JIS A 6203に規定されているセメント混和剤ポリマーディスパージョンであれば使用可能である。例えば、アクリロニトリル・ブタジエンゴム、スチレン・ブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、及び天然ゴムなどのゴムラテックスや、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、ポリアクリル酸エステル、酢酸ビニルビニルバーサテート系共重合体、及びスチレン・アクリル酸エステル共重合体やアクリロニトリル・アクリル酸エステルに代表されるアクリル酸エステル系共重合体等の樹脂エマルジョンなどが挙げられる。
ポリマーの形態としては、再乳化型粉末タイプや液体タイプのいづれも使用可能であり、液体と粉末を併用して使用することも可能である。
ポリマーの使用量は、通常、セメント100部に対して、固形分換算で3〜15部であり、4〜10部が好ましい。3部未満ではモルタルの跳ね返り防止や付着強度の改善ができない場合があり、15部を超えて配合してもその効果の向上が期待できない場合がある。
【0011】
本発明で使用する膨張材は、モルタルの乾燥ひび割れを低減するために使用されるもので特に限定されるものではないが、アウイン系、カルシウムアルミノフェライト系、及び石灰系等が挙げられる。
膨張材の使用量は、通常、セメント100部に対して、3〜10部が好ましく、5〜8部がより好ましい。3部未満ではモルタルのひび割れ防止が充分できない場合があり、10部を超えて配合してもその効果の向上が期待できない場合がある。
【0012】
本発明で使用する増粘剤は、モルタルが跳ね返ったり、脱落したりするのを防止したり、モルタルの粘度を調整するものであり特に限定されるものではないが、一般に、水溶性高分子物質と呼ばれるものが使用可能であり、メチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロース、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリアクリル酸やそのナトリウム塩やカリウム塩、及びポリエチレンオキサイドなどが挙げられる。
増粘剤の使用量は、通常、セメント100部に対して、0.05〜1部であり、0.1〜0.5部が好ましい。0.05部未満ではモルタルの跳ね返りや脱落の防止や、ポンプ圧送性の改善ができない場合があり、1部を超えるとその効果の向上が期待できない場合がある。
【0013】
本発明で使用する超微粉末物質(以下、超微紛という)は、モルタルをポンプ圧送したときの材料分離防止や、吹付けたモルタルが跳ね返ったり、脱落したりするのを防止する効果を持ち、平均粒径が20μm以下のものであれば特に限定されるものではない。例えば、金属シリコンやフェロシリコン合金等を製造する際に副生するシリカフューム、溶融シリカを製造する際に副生するシリカダスト、及び超微粉砕したスラグやベントナイトなどが挙げられ、硬化後のモルタルを緻密化するために、平均粒径が10μm以下のものが好ましく、1μm以下のものがより好ましい。
超微紛の使用量は、通常、セメント100部に対して、1〜10部であり、2〜5部が好ましい。1部未満ではモルタルの材料分離防止が期待できないうえ、モルタルが跳ね返ったり、脱落しやすい場合があり、10部を超えるとその効果の向上が期待できない場合がある。
【0014】
本発明で使用する骨材とは特に限定されるものではないが、川、山、及び海から産出する天然骨材、軽量骨材、又はこれらの二種以上を併用した混合骨材等が使用可能である。
軽量骨材を併用する場合の軽量骨材の使用量は、天然骨材100部に対して、2〜10部が好ましく、4〜8部がより好ましい。2部未満では跳ね返り率の低減効果が小さく、10部を超えると強度発現を阻害する場合がある。
骨材の使用量は、セメント100部に対して、150〜300部が好ましい。150部未満では吹付けたときにダレが多くなる場合があり、300部を超えると跳ね返りが多くなる場合がある。
【0015】
本発明で使用する流動化剤は特に限定されるものではないが、メラミン系、ナフタレン系、リグニン系、及びポリカルボン酸系等が挙げられ、モルタルの流動性の調整に使用される。
流動化剤の使用量は、セメント100部に対して、0.05〜0.5部が好ましく、0.08〜0.2部がより好ましい。0.05部未満では流動性を改善する効果が発揮されない場合があり、0.5部を超えると流動性が良すぎ、吹付けたときにダレや跳ね返りが多くなる場合がある。
本発明の流動化剤の混合方法は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、ドライモルタルにあらかじめプレミックスしておく方法、現場で練り混ぜるときに混合する方法、及び練り混ぜに使用する水に分散させて使用する方法が好ましい。
【0016】
本発明では、吹付けたモルタルの曲げ耐力を向上させることを目的に繊維を配合して使用することが可能である。
繊維の種類としては、ビニロン繊維やプロピレン繊維に代表される高分子繊維類、鋼繊維、ガラス繊維、及び炭素繊維に代表される無機繊維類が挙げられる。
繊維の使用量は、セメント100部に対して、0.2〜6部が好ましく、0.3〜4部がより好ましい。0.2部未満では曲げ耐力を向上させる効果が発揮されない場合があり、6部を超えるとモルタルの流動性に悪影響を与える場合がある。
【0017】
本発明では、その他、必要に応じ防錆剤、消泡剤、防凍剤、抗菌剤、及び撥水剤等のセメント混和剤を併用することが可能である。
【0018】
本発明の吹付け材料と混合する水量は、モルタルのポンプ圧送性、吹付け性、及び硬化物性を得るため、通常、セメント100部に対して、30〜70部が好ましく、35〜50部がより好ましい。30部未満ではモルタルの流動性が低下する場合があり、70部を超えると材料分離が生じたり、強度発現性が低下する場合がある。
【0019】
本発明の吹付け材料の施工方法は、吹付け材料と水とを混合し、練り混ぜたモルタルをポンプで圧送し、圧送途中で圧縮空気を合流混合して吹付ける方法であれば、吹付けシステムや方法には特に限定されるものではない。
【0020】
モルタルと圧縮空気を合流させる手段として、Y字管や二重管を使用する方法等があり、吹飛ばし性をよくするために、吹付け先端を細くした吹付けノズルを用いることが好ましく、吹付けノズル先端にパイプをセットしてモルタルの飛散を防止する方法も可能である。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下、実験例により本発明を詳細に説明する。
【0022】
実験例1
セメント100部、表1に示す乾燥収縮低減剤、膨張材5部、増粘剤0.2部、超微粉2部、及び細骨材200部を配合してモルタルを調製した。
調製したモルタル100部に対して、水を13部、該モルタル中のセメント100部に対して、ポリマーを固形分換算で6部混合し、パン型左官ミキサで練り混ぜた。
練り混ぜて得られたモルタルをスクイズポンプで圧送し、圧送途中で圧縮空気と合流混合させて、ノズル口径10mmの市販ノズルを用いて、モルタル吐出量0.6m3/h、圧縮空気圧0.75MPa、及び圧縮空気量0.4m3/hの吹付け条件で吹付け、長さ変化率と圧縮強度を測定した。結果を表1に併記する。
【0023】
<使用材料>
セメント :電気化学工業社製普通ポルトランドセメント、密度3.15g/cm3
乾燥収縮低減剤A:ポリアルキレン誘導体粉末、HO-(CH2CH2O)68-H、市販品
乾燥収縮低減剤B:ポリアルキレン誘導体粉末、HO-(CH2CH2O)189-H、市販品
ポリマー :スチレン・ブタジエンゴムラテックス、固形分45%、市販品
膨張材 :アウイン系膨張材、市販品
増粘剤 :メチルセルロース、市販品
超微粉 :シリカフューム、市販品
細骨材 :新潟県青海町産石灰砂、最大粒子径2.0mm、密度2.67g/cm3
【0024】
<測定方法>
長さ変化率:JIS A 1171に準じ測定
圧縮強度 :供試体は4×4×16cmの3連型枠に吹付け、JIS A 1171に準拠し、材齢28日で測定
【0025】
【表1】
【0026】
表1より、本発明の吹付け材料は乾燥収縮低減剤の使用量が増加すると長さ変化率が小さくなることがわかる。
【0027】
実験例2
セメント100部、乾燥収縮低減剤B4部、膨張材5部、増粘剤0.2部、超微粉2部、及び細骨材200部を配合してモルタルを調製した。
調製したモルタル100部に対して、水を13部、セメント100部に対して、固形分で表2に示すポリマーを加え、パン型左官ミキサで練り混ぜたこと以外は実験例1と同様に吹付け、その圧縮強度と中性化深さとを測定した。結果を表2に併記する。
【0028】
<測定方法>
中性化深さ:供試体は4×4×16cmの3連型枠に吹付け、JIS A 1171に準拠して養生した材齢28日の供試体を、炭酸ガス濃度5%、温度30℃、及び湿度60%の促進条件のもと、促進中性化試験槽で28日間貯蔵し、その後、供試体を取り出し、フェノールフタレイン法により中性化深さを測定した。
【0029】
【表2】
【0030】
表2より、本発明の吹付け材料はポリマーを使用することにより、圧縮強度の低下が少なく、中性化が著しく抑制されることが判る。
【0031】
実験例3
セメント100部、乾燥収縮低減剤B4部、表3に示す膨張材、増粘剤0.2部、超微粉2部、及び細骨材200部配合してモルタルを調製したこと以外は実験例1と同様に吹付け、圧縮強度とひび割れを測定した。結果を表3に併記する。
【0032】
<測定方法>
ひび割れ :コンクリートパネルに吹付け後、鏝仕上げを行って厚みを20mmに調整した。56日間屋外に暴露しひび割れの有無を目視で観察した。
【0033】
【表3】
【0034】
表3より、本発明の吹付け材料は膨張材を使用することにより、圧縮強度の低下がなく、ひび割れの発生が無いことが判る。
【0035】
実験例4
セメント100部、乾燥収縮低減剤B4部、膨張材5部、表4に示す増粘剤、超微粉2部、及び細骨材200部を配合してモルタルを調製したこと以外は以外は実験例1と同様に吹付け、その厚吹き性、跳ね返り率、及び圧送性を測定した。結果を表4に併記する。
【0036】
<測定方法>
厚吹き性 :コンクリート製パネルを天端に設置し、パネルとノズルとの距離を30cmとして吹付け、1回の吹付けでの吹付け量が5cm以上のとき〇、5cm未満のとき×とした。
跳ね返り率:天端に設置したコンクリート製パネルに3分間吹付けて地面に跳ね返った量を計測し、跳ね返り率(%)=[跳ね返った量(kg)/時間あたりのモルタル吐出量(kg/min)×吹付け時間(min)]×100の式より算出
圧送性 :内径40mm、長さ30mの耐圧ホースを用いてポンプ圧送し閉塞せずに圧送できれば○、閉塞あるいは圧送圧力が20MPaを超える場合は×とした。
【0037】
【表4】
【0038】
表4より、本発明の吹付け材料は厚吹き性に優れ、跳ね返り率が低いことが判る。
【0039】
実験例5
セメント100部、乾燥収縮低減剤B4部、膨張材5部、増粘剤0.2部、表5に示す超微粉、及び細骨材200部を配合してモルタルを調製し、その厚吹き性と跳ね返り率を測定したこと以外は実験例4同様に行った。結果を表5に併記する。
【0040】
【表5】
【0041】
表5より、本発明の吹付け材料は厚吹き性に優れ、跳ね返り率が低いことがわかる。
【0042】
実験例6
セメント100部、乾燥収縮低減剤B4部、膨張材5部、増粘剤0.2部、超微粉2部、表6に示す流動化剤、及び細骨材200部を配合してモルタルを調製した。
調製したモルタル100部に対して、水を12部、セメント100部に対して、ポリマーを固形分換算で6部加え、パン型左官ミキサで練り混ぜたこと以外は実験例1と同様に吹付け、モルタルのフローと圧縮強度とを測定した。結果を表6に併記する。
【0043】
<使用材料>
流動化剤 :メラミン系流動化剤、市販品
【0044】
<測定方法>
フロー :JIS R 5201に準拠
【0045】
【表6】
【0046】
表6より、本発明の吹付け材料は流動化剤を使用することにより、フローが向上し、圧縮強度の低下が殆どないことが判る。
【0047】
実験例7
セメント100部、乾燥収縮低減剤B4部、表7に示す膨張材、増粘剤0.2部、超微粉2部、流動化剤、及び繊維、並びに、細骨材200部を配合してモルタルを調製したこと以外は実験例1と同様に吹付け、モルタルのフロー、圧縮強度、跳ね返り率、及び曲げタフネスを測定した。結果を表7に併記する。
【0048】
<使用材料>
繊維 :ビニロン繊維、繊維長6mm、市販品
【0049】
<測定方法>
曲げタフネス:JSCE G 552に準拠した。養生方法は、温度20℃、湿度60%の部屋で気中養生した。測定材齢は28日とした。
【0050】
【表7】
【0051】
表7より、本発明の吹付け材料は、膨張材、流動化剤、及び繊維を使用することにより、フロー、跳ね返り率、及び圧縮強度に優れ、曲げタフネスが著しく向上することが判る。
【0052】
実験例8
セメント100部、乾燥収縮低減剤B4部、膨張材5部、増粘剤0.2部、及び超微粉2部を加え、細骨材100部に対して、表に示す軽量骨材を混合した混合骨材を、セメント100部に対して200部加えてモルタルを調製したこと以外は実験例1と同様に吹付け、厚吹き性、圧縮強度、及び跳ね返り率を測定した。結果を表8に併記する。
【0053】
<使用材料>
軽量骨材 :黒曜石、かさ密度0.65g/cm3、吸水率5.2%、最大粒子径0.6mm
【0054】
【表8】
【0055】
表8より、軽量骨材を併用すると厚吹き性が良くなることが判る。
【0056】
【発明の効果】
本発明の吹付け材料を用いることにより、モルタルの跳ね返りや脱落が少なく、効率的な施工が可能となり、厚付けや大断面の施工ができるだけでなく、分割して吹付けを行う手間が省けるので施工スピードの短縮化が図れる。
また、得られる硬化体の乾燥収縮が一層抑制できるので、乾燥収縮や硬化収縮によるひび割れの発生を抑えることができ、より耐久性に優れた構造体を形成することが可能となる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a spraying material used in the fields of civil engineering and construction, and a spraying method using the same.
In the present invention, parts and percentages are by mass unless otherwise specified.
[0002]
[Prior art and its problems]
Conventionally, mortar is mainly used for surface finishing and section repair of concrete.
The mortar is usually manufactured by stirring and mixing cement, aggregate, water and the like with a mortar mixer or the like, and as a construction method, a method of painting with a trowel and finishing is used.
As the mortar used at that time, a mortar mixed with a polymer and / or an expanding material for the purpose of preventing drying shrinkage and curing shrinkage is often used.
However, even when these are used, the amount of reduction in shrinkage is limited, and it is necessary to further increase the amount of reduction in shrinkage in order to reduce the occurrence of cracks.
In particular, there have been problems such as a case where the cover of the reinforcing bar is thin and a case where cracks are generated in construction where it is easily exposed to direct sunlight or wind.
In addition, iron finishing has a problem that skill is required, and it is difficult to apply a thick coating of 10 mm or more, which requires a lot of labor.
Furthermore, a cement composition containing an expanding material and a drying shrinkage reducing agent is also known (see Patent Document 1).
By using this cement composition, the amount of shrinkage can be further reduced, but there is also a problem that it is difficult to improve durability such as neutralization, salt damage and frost damage.
[0003]
On the other hand, a method in which such mortar is pumped by a pump and sprayed has been proposed (see Patent Documents 2 and 3).
However, this method has a problem that it is difficult to perform a target construction because the sprayed mortar is dropped or sagged.
In addition, there is also a problem that the stiffness of the cement deteriorates pumping performance and deteriorates workability.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-068813 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-128007 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-09-012379
The present inventor has conducted various studies to solve the above-described problems, and as a result, by using a specific spraying material, the mortar does not bounce or drop off at the time of spraying construction, enabling efficient construction, The inventors have found that the present invention is not only capable of performing thickening and construction of a large cross section, but also has an effect that cracks due to drying shrinkage and curing shrinkage can be further reduced.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention provides a cement, wherein the general formula is represented by X {O (AO) nR} m, X is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and AO is an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms. , R is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, n is 30 to 1,000, m is 2 to 8, and 60 mol% or more of the oxyalkylene group is oxyalkylene. Powder shrinkage reducing agent containing a polyoxyalkylene derivative that is an ethylene group, a polymer, an expanding agent, a thickener, an ultrafine powder material, and an aggregate are contained, and based on 100 parts of cement. The polymer is a spraying material that is 3 to 15 parts in terms of solids, the drying shrinkage reducing agent is the spraying material that is 0.2 to 10 parts based on 100 parts of cement, and the expanding material is The spraying material is 3 to 10 parts with respect to 100 parts of cement, and the thickener is 0.05 to 1 part with respect to 100 parts of cement. The spray material, wherein the ultrafine powder substance is 100 parts of cement, and the spray material is 1 to 10 parts, and 100 parts of cement, 0.05 to 0.5 parts of a fluidizing agent. The spraying material contains 0.2 to 6 parts of fibers with respect to 100 parts of cement, and is a spraying method using the spraying material.
[0007]
Embodiment of the present invention
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0008]
The cement used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but ordinary cement can be used. Specifically, ordinary, fast-strength, low heat, moderate heat or ultra-high-strength various Portland cement, these Portland cement, silica, fly ash, limestone fine powder, or various mixed cements such as slag and the like are listed. Can be
[0009]
The powder shrinkage reducing agent used in the present invention is represented by the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, wherein X is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups, and AO is a carbon number. An oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, R is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, n is 30 to 1,000, m is 2 to 8, and Is at least 60 mol% containing a polyoxyalkylene derivative which is an oxyethylene group.
In the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, X is a residue of a compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups.
Examples of the compound having 2 to 8 hydroxyl groups include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, styrene glycol, alkylene glycol having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, glycols such as neopentyl glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, Polyvalent such as polyglycerin, trimethylolethane, 1,3,5-pentanetriol, erythritol, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, sorbitol, sorbitan, sorbide, condensates of sorbitol and glycerin, adonitol, arabitol, xylitol, and mannitol Alcohols or their partially etherified or esterified products, and xylol, arabinose, ribose, rhamnose, glucose, fructose, galacto Scan, mannose, sorbose, cellobiose, maltose, isomaltose, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose, gentianose, and sugars or like parts thereof etherified or esterified products such as melezitose and the like.
In the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, AO is an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
The oxyalkylene group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms is derived from ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, and an α-olefin oxide having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, such as an oxyethylene group, an oxypropylene group, and an oxybutylene group. Oxytetramethylene group, oxyalkylene group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and the like. When two or more kinds are added, block-like addition or random addition may be performed.
Further, in the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, R is a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or an acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms.
Examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an allyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, a butyl group, an isobutyl group, a tertiary butyl group, an amyl group, an isoamyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group, Octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, isotridecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, isocetyl, octadecyl, isostearyl, oleyl, benzyl, cresyl, butylphenyl Group, dibutylphenyl group, octylphenyl group, nonylphenyl group, dodecylphenyl group, styrenated phenyl group and the like.
Further, as the acyl group having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, pelargonic acid, capric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, Examples include acyl groups derived from isopalmitic acid, margaric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and benzoic acid.
Further, in the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, n is 30 to 1,000. If n is less than 30, the melting point will be low and it may be difficult to use the powder, and if n exceeds 1,000, the viscosity may be high and the production may be difficult.
Further, in the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, m is 2 to 8. If m is less than 2, powder may be difficult to obtain, and if m exceeds 8, the molecular weight may be too large and the solubility in water may be poor.
In the general formula X {O (AO) nR} m, 60 mol% or more of the oxyalkylene groups are oxyethylene groups. If the oxyalkylene group is less than 60 mol%, the melting point is low, making it difficult to use the powder, and the solubility in the cement solution may be poor.
The amount of the powder used for reducing the drying shrinkage is preferably 0.2 to 10 parts based on 100 parts of cement. If the amount is less than 0.2 part, the effect of reducing drying shrinkage may not be obtained, and if it exceeds 10 parts, the strength may be impaired.
[0010]
The polymer used in the present invention is used for preventing the mortar from rebounding, improving the adhesion to the base portion, and improving the durability of the mortar, and is not particularly limited, but is defined in JIS A 6203. Any available cement admixture polymer dispersion can be used. For example, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, rubber latex such as natural rubber, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyacrylate, vinyl acetate vinyl versatate copolymer, and styrene. Resin emulsions such as acrylic ester copolymers and acrylic ester copolymers typified by acrylonitrile / acrylic ester are exemplified.
As the form of the polymer, any of a re-emulsifiable powder type and a liquid type can be used, and a liquid and a powder can be used in combination.
The amount of the polymer to be used is usually 3 to 15 parts, preferably 4 to 10 parts, in terms of solid content, based on 100 parts of cement. If the amount is less than 3 parts, it may not be possible to prevent the mortar from rebounding and improve the adhesive strength, and if the amount exceeds 15 parts, the effect may not be expected to be improved.
[0011]
The expansive material used in the present invention is used to reduce dry cracks in the mortar, and is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an awine type, a calcium alumino ferrite type, and a lime type.
Usually, the use amount of the expanding material is preferably 3 to 10 parts, more preferably 5 to 8 parts with respect to 100 parts of cement. If the amount is less than 3 parts, the mortar may not be sufficiently prevented from cracking, and if the amount exceeds 10 parts, the effect may not be expected to be improved.
[0012]
Thickeners used in the present invention, mortar bounces, or to prevent falling off, to adjust the viscosity of the mortar is not particularly limited, but generally, water-soluble polymer material Can be used, and examples thereof include methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid and its sodium and potassium salts, and polyethylene oxide.
The amount of the thickener to be used is generally 0.05 to 1 part, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 part, per 100 parts of cement. If the amount is less than 0.05 part, it may not be possible to prevent the mortar from rebounding or falling off or to improve the pumping performance. If the amount exceeds 1 part, the effect may not be expected to be improved.
[0013]
The ultrafine powder substance used in the present invention (hereinafter referred to as ultrafine powder) has an effect of preventing material separation when mortar is pumped and preventing splashed mortar from bouncing or falling off. There is no particular limitation as long as the average particle size is 20 μm or less. For example, silica fume by-produced when producing metallic silicon or ferrosilicon alloy, etc., silica dust by-produced when producing fused silica, and ultrafine pulverized slag or bentonite, etc. For densification, those having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less are preferable, and those having an average particle diameter of 1 μm or less are more preferable.
The amount of the ultrafine powder is usually 1 to 10 parts, preferably 2 to 5 parts, based on 100 parts of cement. If the amount is less than 1 part, the prevention of material separation of the mortar cannot be expected, and the mortar may easily bounce off or fall off. If the amount exceeds 10 parts, the effect may not be expected to be improved.
[0014]
The aggregate used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but natural aggregates, lightweight aggregates produced from rivers, mountains, and the sea, or mixed aggregates using two or more of these aggregates are used. It is possible.
When the lightweight aggregate is used in combination, the amount of the lightweight aggregate used is preferably 2 to 10 parts, more preferably 4 to 8 parts with respect to 100 parts of the natural aggregate. If it is less than 2 parts, the effect of reducing the rebound rate is small, and if it exceeds 10 parts, the strength may be inhibited.
The amount of aggregate used is preferably 150 to 300 parts per 100 parts of cement. If it is less than 150 parts, dripping may increase when sprayed, and if it exceeds 300 parts, rebound may increase.
[0015]
The fluidizing agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include melamine-based, naphthalene-based, lignin-based, and polycarboxylic acid-based fluidizers, which are used for adjusting the fluidity of the mortar.
The amount of the fluidizing agent to be used is preferably 0.05 to 0.5 part, more preferably 0.08 to 0.2 part, based on 100 parts of cement. If the amount is less than 0.05 part, the effect of improving the fluidity may not be exhibited, and if it exceeds 0.5 part, the fluidity is too good, and dripping and rebound may be increased when sprayed.
The method of mixing the fluidizing agent of the present invention is not particularly limited.For example, a method of premixing in a dry mortar in advance, a method of mixing when kneading on site, and water used for kneading are used. A method in which the particles are dispersed and used is preferable.
[0016]
In the present invention, it is possible to mix and use fibers for the purpose of improving the bending strength of the sprayed mortar.
Examples of fiber types include polymer fibers represented by vinylon fibers and propylene fibers, and inorganic fibers represented by steel fibers, glass fibers, and carbon fibers.
The amount of the fiber used is preferably 0.2 to 6 parts, more preferably 0.3 to 4 parts, based on 100 parts of cement. If it is less than 0.2 part, the effect of improving the bending strength may not be exhibited, and if it exceeds 6 parts, the fluidity of the mortar may be adversely affected.
[0017]
In the present invention, if necessary, a cement admixture such as a rust inhibitor, an antifoaming agent, an antifreezing agent, an antibacterial agent, and a water repellent can be used in combination.
[0018]
The amount of water to be mixed with the spraying material of the present invention is preferably 30 to 70 parts, and more preferably 35 to 50 parts, based on 100 parts of cement, in order to obtain pumpability of mortar, spraying properties, and hardening properties. More preferred. If the amount is less than 30 parts, the fluidity of the mortar may decrease, and if it exceeds 70 parts, material separation may occur or strength development may decrease.
[0019]
The spraying material application method of the present invention is a method in which the spraying material and water are mixed, the kneaded mortar is pumped by a pump, and the compressed air is mixed and mixed during the blowing and sprayed. The system and method are not particularly limited.
[0020]
As a means for combining the mortar and the compressed air, there is a method using a Y-tube or a double tube, and in order to improve the blow-off property, it is preferable to use a spray nozzle having a thin spray tip. It is also possible to set a pipe at the tip of the attachment nozzle to prevent the mortar from scattering.
[0021]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to experimental examples.
[0022]
Experimental example 1
A mortar was prepared by mixing 100 parts of cement, 5 parts of a drying shrinkage reducing agent shown in Table 1, 5 parts of an expanding material, 0.2 part of a thickener, 2 parts of ultrafine powder, and 200 parts of fine aggregate.
13 parts of water was mixed with 100 parts of the prepared mortar, and 6 parts of the polymer was mixed with 100 parts of cement in the mortar in terms of solid content, and kneaded with a pan-type plaster mixer.
The mortar obtained by mixing and kneading is pumped by a squeeze pump, mixed and mixed with compressed air during the pumping, using a commercially available nozzle with a nozzle diameter of 10 mm, the mortar discharge amount 0.6 m 3 / h, compressed air pressure 0.75 MPa, and Blowing was performed under a blowing condition of a compressed air amount of 0.4 m 3 / h, and the length change rate and the compressive strength were measured. The results are also shown in Table 1.
[0023]
<Material used>
Cement: Ordinary Portland cement manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., density 3.15 g / cm 3
Drying shrinkage reducing agent A: polyalkylene derivative powder, HO- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 68 -H, commercially available drying shrinkage reducing agent B: polyalkylene derivative powder, HO- (CH 2 CH 2 O) 189 -H, Commercially available polymer: Styrene / butadiene rubber latex, solid content 45%, Commercially available expanding material: Awyn-based expanding material, Commercially available thickener: Methylcellulose, Commercially available ultrafine powder: Silica fume, Commercially available fine aggregate: Aomi town, Niigata Producing lime sand, maximum particle diameter 2.0 mm, density 2.67 g / cm 3
[0024]
<Measurement method>
Length change rate: Measured according to JIS A 1171 Compressive strength: Sprayed on a triple form frame of 4 × 4 × 16 cm, measured according to JIS A 1171 at 28 days of age [0025]
[Table 1]
[0026]
Table 1 shows that the rate of change in length of the spray material of the present invention decreases as the amount of the drying shrinkage reducing agent increases.
[0027]
Experimental example 2
A mortar was prepared by mixing 100 parts of cement, 4 parts of a drying shrinkage reducing agent B, 5 parts of an expanding material, 0.2 part of a thickener, 2 parts of ultrafine powder, and 200 parts of fine aggregate.
13 parts of water were added to 100 parts of the prepared mortar, and the polymer shown in Table 2 was added as solids to 100 parts of cement, and the mixture was blown in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the mixture was mixed with a pan-type plaster mixer. The compression strength and the neutralization depth were measured. The results are also shown in Table 2.
[0028]
<Measurement method>
Neutralization depth: Specimens were sprayed onto a 3 × 4 × 16 cm triple formwork and cured according to JIS A 1171. A 28-year-old specimen was subjected to a carbon dioxide gas concentration of 5% and a temperature of 30 ° C. The sample was stored in an accelerated neutralization test tank for 28 days under accelerated conditions of 60% humidity and 60% humidity. Thereafter, the specimen was taken out and the neutralization depth was measured by the phenolphthalein method.
[0029]
[Table 2]
[0030]
From Table 2, it can be seen that the use of a polymer as the spraying material of the present invention reduces the reduction in compressive strength and significantly suppresses the neutralization.
[0031]
Experimental example 3
Same as Experimental Example 1 except that mortar was prepared by mixing 100 parts of cement, 4 parts of drying shrinkage reducing agent B, the expanding material shown in Table 3, 0.2 part of thickener, 2 parts of ultrafine powder, and 200 parts of fine aggregate. And the compressive strength and cracks were measured. The results are also shown in Table 3.
[0032]
<Measurement method>
Cracking: After spraying on the concrete panel, ironing was performed to adjust the thickness to 20 mm. They were exposed outdoors for 56 days and visually inspected for cracks.
[0033]
[Table 3]
[0034]
From Table 3, it can be seen that the use of the expansive material in the spray material of the present invention does not cause a decrease in compressive strength and does not cause cracking.
[0035]
Experimental example 4
Experimental example except that mortar was prepared by mixing 100 parts of cement, 4 parts of drying shrinkage reducing agent B, 5 parts of expanding material, thickener shown in Table 4, 2 parts of ultrafine powder, and 200 parts of fine aggregate. Spraying was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, and its thick blowing property, rebound rate, and pumpability were measured. The results are shown in Table 4.
[0036]
<Measurement method>
Thick-blowing property: A concrete panel is installed at the top, and the distance between the panel and the nozzle is 30 cm. Spraying is performed when the spray amount per spray is 5 cm or more, and x when less than 5 cm. .
Bounce rate: Measured the amount bounced off the ground by spraying on the concrete panel installed at the top for 3 minutes, bounce rate (%) = [bounce amount (kg) / mortar discharge amount per hour (kg / min) ) × Blowing time (min)] × 100 Pumpability: Pumping using a pressure-resistant hose with an inner diameter of 40 mm and a length of 30 m, if pumping is possible without blockage, ○, if blockage or pumping pressure exceeds 20 MPa Is x.
[0037]
[Table 4]
[0038]
Table 4 shows that the spray material of the present invention is excellent in the thick blowing property and has a low rebound rate.
[0039]
Experimental example 5
A mortar is prepared by mixing 100 parts of cement, 4 parts of a drying shrinkage reducing agent B, 5 parts of an expansive material, 0.2 parts of a thickener, 200 parts of ultrafine powder shown in Table 5, and 200 parts of fine aggregate. Except having measured the rate, it carried out similarly to Experimental example 4. The results are also shown in Table 5.
[0040]
[Table 5]
[0041]
Table 5 shows that the spray material of the present invention is excellent in the thick blowing property and has a low rebound rate.
[0042]
Experimental example 6
A mortar was prepared by mixing 100 parts of cement, 4 parts of a drying shrinkage reducing agent B, 5 parts of an expanding material, 0.2 parts of a thickener, 2 parts of ultrafine powder, a fluidizing agent shown in Table 6, and 200 parts of fine aggregate.
Sprayed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that 12 parts of water was added to 100 parts of the prepared mortar, and 6 parts of polymer was added to 100 parts of cement in terms of solid content, and kneaded with a pan-type plaster mixer. The mortar flow and compressive strength were measured. The results are also shown in Table 6.
[0043]
<Material used>
Superplasticizer: Melamine-based superplasticizer, commercially available product
<Measurement method>
Flow: Conforms to JIS R 5201 [0045]
[Table 6]
[0046]
From Table 6, it can be seen that the flow of the spray material of the present invention is improved and the compressive strength is hardly reduced by using a fluidizing agent.
[0047]
Experimental example 7
A mortar is prepared by mixing 100 parts of cement, 4 parts of a drying shrinkage reducing agent B, an expanding material shown in Table 7, 0.2 part of a thickener, 2 parts of ultrafine powder, a superplasticizer, a fiber, and 200 parts of fine aggregate. Spraying, mortar flow, compressive strength, rebound rate, and bending toughness were measured in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except for the above. The results are also shown in Table 7.
[0048]
<Material used>
Fiber: Vinylon fiber, fiber length 6 mm, commercial product
<Measurement method>
Bending toughness: based on JSCE G552. The curing method was air curing in a room at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 60%. The measurement material age was 28 days.
[0050]
[Table 7]
[0051]
From Table 7, it can be seen that the spraying material of the present invention is excellent in flow, rebound rate, and compressive strength, and remarkably improved in bending toughness by using an expanding material, a fluidizing agent, and fibers.
[0052]
Experimental example 8
Mixed bone obtained by adding 100 parts of cement, 4 parts of drying shrinkage reducing agent B, 5 parts of expanding material, 0.2 parts of thickener, and 2 parts of ultrafine powder, and mixing 100 parts of fine aggregate with the lightweight aggregate shown in the table Spraying was performed in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the mortar was prepared by adding 200 parts of the material to 100 parts of the cement, and the thick blowing property, the compressive strength, and the rebound rate were measured. The results are also shown in Table 8.
[0053]
<Material used>
Lightweight Aggregate: obsidian, bulk density 0.65 g / cm 3, water absorption 5.2%, the maximum grain size 0.6mm
[0054]
[Table 8]
[0055]
It can be seen from Table 8 that the combined use of the lightweight aggregate improves the thick blowing property.
[0056]
【The invention's effect】
By using the spraying material of the present invention, the mortar does not bounce or fall off, it is possible to carry out the construction efficiently, and it is not only possible to perform the thickening and the construction of the large section, but also to save the trouble of performing the spraying by dividing. The construction speed can be reduced.
In addition, since drying shrinkage of the obtained cured product can be further suppressed, generation of cracks due to drying shrinkage and curing shrinkage can be suppressed, and a more durable structure can be formed.
Claims (8)
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