JP2004110519A - Texture expression device, texture expression method, and synthesis method - Google Patents

Abstract

A texture expression device having a function of displaying a three-dimensional structure and a color of a design drawn on the three-dimensional structure with almost the same texture as a real thing is provided.
A texture expression processing unit receives a selection of an irradiation angle and an observation angle to a three-dimensional structure, and a selection of a material of the three-dimensional structure, and the three-dimensional structure represented by synthetic information based on the received information. Then, the spectral reflectance of each part of the pattern is specified from the color sample information stored in the color sample database 18. Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 creates texture expression information including the specified color sample information and the synthesis information. Then, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 creates display information according to the color characteristics that can be displayed on the display unit of the terminal 2 based on the texture expression information, and displays the display information on the display unit of the terminal 2.
[Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

【００２７】
また合成処理部１３は、円柱の３Ｄモデリング座標を立体構造図データベース１７から読み取る（ステップＳ８）。
そして、合成処理部１３は読み取った３Ｄモデリング座標において、図１２で示すように（Ｘ、Ｙ、Ｚ）＝（０、Ｙ、−Ｚ）となるＺ軸のマイナス方向に平行な面と円柱側面が重なる座標を検出し、その検出した座標に基づいて円柱側面を切断する（ステップＳ９）。そして、合成処理部１３は図１３で示すように、切断した円柱側面の（０、Ｙ、−Ｚ）の切断部分の軸をＶｃ軸、円柱の底面の円に沿った軸をＵｃ軸とする。また合成処理部１３は、Ｖｃ軸における立体構造図の高さＨを表す座標と、Ｕｃ軸における立体構造図の円周の長さを表現するＸＹ座標を、長さ１に正規化したＵｃＶｃ座標系（Ｕｃｘ、Ｖｃｙ）に変換する（ステップＳ１０）。なお、このＵｃＶｃ座標系に変換した立体構造図の高さＨと円周を表現する各座標を変換後立体構造図座標と呼ぶとする。
【００２８】
次に合成処理部１３は、ＵｐＶｐ座標系で表される変換後図柄座標の数値を、ＵｃＶｃ座標系に代入する。これにより、ＵｃＶｃ座標系で表された円柱面に、ＵｐＶｐ座標系で表される変換後図柄座標の数値が代入され、図柄が円柱面に投影された合成図が作成される（ステップＳ１１）。図柄が円柱面に投影された合成図のイメージを図１４に示す。なお、変換後図柄座標と変換後立体構造図座標が重なって表現されたＵｃＶｃ座標系の合成図の情報を合成情報とする。次に、合成処理部１３は、図柄データベース１６に記憶する図柄情報から色見本識別番号を読み取る（ステップＳ１２）。
【００２９】
次に、デザイナーが端末２において立体構造図の媒体の材質（例えば、アルミ、プラスチックなど）を指定する。ここで立体構造図は飲料缶を表しているので、デザイナーは「アルミ」の質感で立体構造図を表示するように指定し、その指定を合成処理部１３が受付ける（ステップＳ１３）。
すると、合成処理部１３は、合成情報から円柱を表現する３Ｄモデリング座標を、端末２の表示部のワールド座標系（コンピュータ画面全体を表す座標系）に表示する（ステップＳ１４）。なお、この時、合成処理部１３はワールド座標系の原点に３Ｄモデリング座標の原点を合わせて表示する。
次に、デザイナーは端末２に表示された円柱に対して、端末２に備えられているマウスやキーボードを用いて拡大／縮小／平行移動／回転などの指示を行ない、その指示を合成処理部１３が受付け、円柱の配置調整操作をする（ステップＳ１５）。合成処理部１３は配置調整操作を以下の座標変換行列（Ａ）により行なって、図１５に示す３Ｄモデリング座標値（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）を図１６に示すワールド座標値（ｗｘ１、ｗｙ１、ｗｚ１）に変換し、円柱の形状を端末２の画面に表示する。
【００３０】
【数２】

【００３１】
次に、質感表現処理部１４の処理を説明する。
まず、デザイナーが端末２より、端末２の表示部のワールド座標系において、円柱に照射する照明の位置座標（ＷＬ）と、円柱を観察する視点の位置座標（Ｗ_Ｖ）を指定すると、その指定を質感表現処理部１４が受付ける（ステップＳ１６）。照明の位置座標（ＷＬ）と円柱を観察する視点の位置座標（Ｗ_Ｖ）の指定したイメージを図１７に示す。
そして、デザイナーが端末２からレンダリング指示を行ない、その指示を質感表現処理部１４が受付けて、質感表現処理部１４がレンダリング処理を開始する（ステップＳ１７）。
質感表現処理部１４はレンダリング指示を受けると、端末２の表示部のワールド座標系における照明の位置座標ＷＬと、視点の位置座標Ｗ_Ｖを［数１］の座標変換行列（Ａ）の逆行列（Ａ_ｉｎｖ）を用いて３Ｄモデリング座標系に変換する（ステップＳ１８）。逆行列（Ａ_ｉｎｖ）を［数３］に示す。
【００３２】
【数３】

【００３３】
なお、照明の位置座標ＷＬの３Ｄモデリング座標系への変換後の座標をＭＬ、視点の位置座標Ｗ_Ｖの３Ｄモデリング座標系への変換後の座標をＭ_Ｖとする。そして、照明の位置座標ＷＬの３Ｄモデリング座標系への変換後の座標のＭＬと視点の位置座標Ｗ_Ｖの３Ｄモデリング座標系への変換後の座標のＭ_Ｖのイメージを図１８に示す。
【００３４】
次に、質感表現処理部１４は円柱側面の３Ｄモデリング座標のある定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）における法線ベクトルＮｍ（（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）に接する平面に垂直なベクトル）を以下の式により求める（ステップＳ１９）。（図１８参照）
【００３５】
【数４】

【００３６】
そして、質感表現処理部１４は３Ｄモデリング座標系での照明の位置座標ＭＬと、視点の位置座標Ｍ_Ｖと、法線ベクトルＮｍを、３Ｄモデリング座標の定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）を原点としたローカル座標系（Ｘ’、Ｙ’、Ｚ’）に変換する（ステップＳ２０）。（図１９参照）
なお、照明の位置座標ＭＬのローカル座標系への変換後の座標をＬ、視点の位置座標Ｗ_Ｖのローカル座標系への変換後の座標をＶｉｅｗ、法線ベクトルＮｍのローカル座標系への変換後の座標をＮとする。また、ローカル座標系への座標変換は以下の式により行なわれる。
【００３７】
【数５】

【００３８】
次に、質感表現処理部１４はステップＳ２０で求めたローカル座標系の法線ベクトルＮをローカル座標系のＺ’軸と同じ方向に回転させるために、図２０に示す法線ベクトルＮとＺ’軸の角度θ_Ｚを求める。まず質感表現処理部１４はＺ’軸の単位ベクトルｅｚ（０、０、１）と法線ベクトルＮの内積を求める（ステップＳ２１）。Ｚ’軸の単位ベクトルｅｚ（０、０、１）と法線ベクトルＮの内積は以下の式で表される。
【００３９】
【数６】

【００４０】
次に、質感表現処理部１４は、ステップＳ２１で求めた内積＜ｅｚ・Ｎ＞から、以下の式により法線ベクトルＮとＺ’軸の角度θ_Ｚを求める（ステップＳ２２）。
【００４１】
【数７】

【００４２】
そして、質感表現処理部１４は、ステップＳ２２で求めたθ_Ｚにより、法線ベクトルＮをＺ’軸と同じ方向にするためのＹ’軸を中心とした回転行列（Ｂ）を以下の行列に設定する（ステップＳ２３）。
【００４３】
【数８】

【００４４】
次に、質感表現処理部１４は、ステップＳ２３で設定した回転行列（Ｂ）を用いて、法線ベクトルＮをＺ’軸と同じ方向に回転させるとともに、ステップＳ２０で求めたローカル座標系での照明の位置座標Ｌと、視点の位置座標Ｖｉｅｗ、も同じく角度だけ回転させる（ステップＳ２４）。なお、回転行列（Ｂ）を用いて回転させた後の法線ベクトルをＮ’、照明の位置座標をＬ’、　視点の位置座標ＶｉｅｗをＶｉｅｗ’とする。
【００４５】
次に質感表現処理部１４は、回転行列（Ｂ）を用いてステップＳ２４で回転させた照明の位置座標Ｌ’とＺ’軸（法線ベクトルＮ’）との天頂角度θＬ（図２１参照）を以下の式により求める（ステップＳ２５）。
【００４６】
【数９】

【００４７】
また質感表現処理部１４は、回転行列（Ｂ）を用いてステップＳ２４で回転させた視点の位置座標Ｖｉｅｗ’とＺ’軸（法線ベクトルＮ’）との天頂角度θｖ（図２１参照）を以下の式により求める（ステップＳ２６）。
【００４８】
【数１０】

【００４９】
次に、質感表現処理部１４は回転行列（Ｂ）を用いてステップＳ２４で回転させた照明の位置座標Ｌ’と視点の位置座標Ｖｉｅｗ’とをローカル座標系のＸ’Ｙ’面に投影したＬ_ｘｙとＶｉｅｗ_ｘｙとの間の角度Φ（図２１参照）を求める（ステップＳ２７）。角度Φは以下の式により求める事が出来る。
【００５０】
【数１１】

【００５１】
次に、質感表現処理部１４は、円柱面の３Ｄモデリング座標の定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）に該当するＵｃＶｃ座標値（Ｕｃｘ、Ｖｃｙ）を求める（ステップＳ２８）。ここで、３Ｄモデリング座標における（０、ｙ１、−Ｒ）を基準とした０〜２πまでの角度θにより、３Ｄモデリング座標値（Ｘ、Ｙ、Ｚ）を一般的に表現する式は以下の様になる。
【００５２】
【数１２】

【００５３】
そして、定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）に該当するθ、ｈのパラメータは以下の式で求めることができる。
【００５４】
【数１３】

【００５５】
また、［数１３］によるθとｈのパラメータを用いて、ＵｃＶｃ座標値を求める式は以下の様な式となる。
【００５６】
【数１４】

【００５７】
これにより、質感表現処理部１４は、ステップＳ２８で求めた円柱面の定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）に該当するＵｃＶｃ座標系の座標が、ステップＳ１２で転送を受けた合成情報におけるＵｃＶｃ座標系の変換後図柄座標に一致しているかどうかを判断する（ステップＳ２９）。ここでモデリング座標系における円柱面の定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）に該当するＵｃＶｃ座標系の座標が、合成情報におけるＵｃＶｃ座標系の変換後図柄座標の９つの図形内に当てはまる座標であれば、円柱面の定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）に対応する色見本識別番号を、合成情報から把握する。
この時、質感表現処理部１４は円柱面の定点（ｘ１、ｙ１、ｚ１）の座標が図柄の中のどの図形の座標情報に含まれるのかを、合成情報に含まれる図柄情報のテーブルから把握する。そして、質感表現処理部１４はそのテーブルにデータとして記録されている図形毎の座標情報をテーブルの上から下に向かって順に円柱面の定点の座標が含まれるかどうかを確認し、最初に定点の座標が含まれる図形の座標情報に対応して同じテーブル内に記録されている色見本識別番号を、その定点における色見本識別番号とする。そして、当該円柱面の定点に該当する色見本識別番号の色が着色されることとなる。
【００５８】
そして、質感表現処理部１４はモデリング座標系の円柱面を覆う各座標において、ステップＳ２９の処理を行なう。このステップＳ２９の処理により質感表現処理部１４は、モデリング座標系の円柱面の各点における、座標と、照射角度と、観測角度と、照射方向と観測方向を法線ベクトルに対し垂直な平面上に投影したそれら方向が成す角度と、その座標における色識別番号と、媒体材質情報とを記憶する。そして質感表現処理部１４は、モデリング座標系の円柱面の各座標における分光反射率を、各座標における照射角度と、監視角度と、照射方向と観測方向を法線ベクトルに対し垂直な平面上に投影したそれら方向が成す角度と、その座標における色識別番号と、媒体材質情報の組合せに基づいて色見本データベース１８から読み取る。ここで、モデリング座標系の円柱面の全ての座標と、その座標に対応付けられた分光反射率の情報を質感表現情報と呼ぶ。
そして、質感表現処理部１４は、質感表現情報を視覚特性変換処理部１５へ転送する（ステップＳ３０）。
【００５９】
次に、視覚特性変換処理部１５は、端末２の端末種類を把握するために端末２から端末種類の指定を受付ける（ステップＳ３１）。そして視覚特性変換処理部１５は端末２からの端末指定に基づいて、記憶している表示特性情報の中から、該当する端末２の表示特性情報を読み取る。この表示特性情報は端末２の表示部に表示できる三刺激値の範囲の情報を保持している。次に、視覚特性変換処理部１５は、ステップＳ３０で転送を受けた質感表現情報に基づいて、モデリング座標系の円柱面を表す各座標における分光反射率を光源色に変換したときの三刺激値（例えばＣＩＥＸＹＺの値）を算出する。尚、分光反射率から三刺激値を導き出す過程は公知の技術であるので、三刺激値の値を算出する過程とその過程に用いる数式は省略する。そして、視覚特性変換処理部１５は算出した三刺激値の範囲を、端末２の表示特性情報で把握できる三刺激値の範囲にあわせた表示情報を作成する（ステップＳ３２）。例えば視覚特性変換処理部１５は、端末２の表示部が表示可能な三刺激値の範囲が狭い場合には、上述の質感表現情報の三刺激値の範囲の尺度を端末２の表示部の特性に合わせた表示情報を作成する。そして、視覚特性変換処理部１５が表示情報を端末２の表示部に表示する（ステップＳ３３）。
【００６０】
なお、上述の質感表現装置１は内部に、コンピュータシステムを有している。そして、上述した質感表現装置１における各過程は、プログラムの形式でコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体に記憶されており、このプログラムをコンピュータが読み出して実行することによって、上記処理が行われる。ここでコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体とは、磁気ディスク、光磁気ディスク、ＣＤ−ＲＯＭ、ＤＶＤ−ＲＯＭ、半導体メモリ等をいう。また、このコンピュータプログラムを通信回線によってコンピュータに配信し、この配信を受けたコンピュータが当該プログラムを実行するようにしても良い。
【００６１】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、立体構造物情報記憶部に記憶する立体構造物情報と、図柄情報記憶部に記憶する図柄情報を、合成手段が合成し図柄が立体構造物に合成された形状を表す合成情報を作成する。これにより、３次元の立体構造図と、２次元の図柄における各図形の座標情報を合成した合成情報を得る事ができ、またその合成情報を用いれば立体構造図とその立体構造図に投影する各図形の位置関係を把握することが可能となる。
【００６２】
また、本発明によれば、質感表現情報作成手段が、立体構造物への光の照射方向と、その立体構造物の材質の種類と、その立体構造物の観測方向の選択を受付け、これら受付けた情報と、合成情報から得られる立体構造物の各部分に対応する色見本識別番号情報とに基づき、立体構造物の各部分に対応する分光反射率を色見本情報記憶部から読み出し、立体構造物の各部分の分光反射率を含む質感表現情報を作成する。これにより、立体構造物とそれに投影された図柄の色を実物の物とほぼ同様の質感で例えば出力装置へ表示させることができる。
【００６３】
また、本発明によれば、表示特性情報記憶部が出力装置の種類毎の表示特性情報を保持し、視覚特性変換手段が、出力装置の種類の選択を受付け、この選択された出力装置の表示特性情報を表示特性情報記憶部から読み出す。そして視覚特性変換手段は、読み出された表示特性情報と前記質感表現情報から得られる立体構造物の各部分の分光反射率とに基づき、各部分の三刺激値を算出し、前記算出した三刺激値に表示特性情報を合わせた後の三刺激値を用いて出力装置へ色を出力する。
これにより質感表示装置は、質感表現情報から算出される三刺激値が出力装置の表示できる三刺激値の範囲を越えている場合でも、出力装置が表示できる色の特性に合わせた三刺激値を用いて出力装置へ色を出力する事ができる。
【００６４】
また、本発明によれば、合成手段が図柄全体の背景領域の縦横サイズを正規化した座標系での各図柄の位置および形状をベクトル情報で示す前記図柄情報と前記立体構造物情報とを合成し、前記図柄が前記立体構造物に合成された形状を表す合成情報を作成する。
これにより、図柄の位置や形状などの座標情報を正規化したベクトル情報で処理するため、拡大縮小する場合には各図柄の座標情報を定数倍すればよいだけであり、従来の技術で問題であった拡大縮小による品質の劣化や無駄な高い解像度データを用意する必要はない。また、図柄毎の座標情報を保持しているため、色を変更する場合には、色を変更したい図柄がどこまでの領域かを判断する作業は不要であり、また、もし図柄の一部が完全に閉じていなくても他図柄の色も変更されてしまうことはない。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本実施形態における質感表現装置１の構成を示す概略ブロック図である。
【図２】本実施形態における色見本データベースのデータ構造のイメージを示す図である。
【図３】本実施形態における質感表現装置１の処理フローを示す図である。
【図４】本実施形態における質感表現装置１の図柄作成処理部１１と立体構造図作成処理部１２の処理概要を示すフローチャートである。
【図５】本実施形態における合成処理部１３の処理概要を示すフローチャートである。
【図６】本実施形態における質感表現処理部１４及び視覚特性変換処理部１５の処理概要を示す第１のフローチャートである。
【図７】本実施形態における質感表現処理部１４及び視覚特性変換処理部１５の処理概要を示す第２のフローチャートである。
【図８】本実施形態におけるデザイナーが作成した図柄のイメージを示す図である。
【図９】本実施形態における図柄に含まれる各図形が重ねられて着色されるという状態を示した図である。
【図１０】本実施形態における図柄を長さ１に正規化しＵｐＶｐ座標系に変換した際のイメージを示す図である。
【図１１】本実施形態における半径Ｒ、高さＨの円柱形の飲料缶の立体構造図のイメージを示す図である。
【図１２】本実施形態における円柱の３Ｄモデリング座標において、円柱側面を切断した際のイメージを示す図である。
【図１３】本実施形態における切断した円柱側面の切断部分のＶｃ軸と円柱の底面の円に沿ったＵｃ軸のイメージを示す図である。
【図１４】本実施形態における図柄が円柱面に投影された合成図のイメージを示す図である。
【図１５】本実施形態における３Ｄモデリング座標値（Ｘ、Ｙ、Ｚ）のイメージを示す図である。
【図１６】本実施形態におけるワールド座標値（ｗｘ、ｗｙ、ｗｚ）のイメージを示す図である。
【図１７】本実施形態における照明の位置座標（ＷＬ）と円柱を観察する視点の位置座標（Ｗ_Ｖ）をデザイナーが指定した際のイメージを示す図である。
【図１８】本実施形態における照明の位置座標（ＭＬ）と、視点の位置座標（Ｍ_Ｖ）と法線ベクトルＮｍのイメージを示す図である。
【図１９】本実施形態におけるローカル座標系の、照明の位置座標Ｌと、視点の位置座標Ｖｉｅｗと、法線ベクトルＮのイメージを示す図である。
【図２０】本実施形態におけるローカル座標系の法線ベクトルＮをローカル座標系のＺ’軸と同じ方向に回転した際のイメージを示す図である。
【図２１】本実施形態における天頂角度θＬと、天頂角度θｖと、Ｌ_ｘｙとＶｉｅｗ_ｘｙとの間の角度Φのイメージを示す図である。
【図２２】従来のビットマップを用いた図形の拡大・縮小を示す図である。
【図２３】従来のビットマップを用いた図形の色変更を示す図である。
【図２４】本実施形態におけるベクトルデータを用いた図形の拡大・縮小を示す頭である。
【図２５】本実施形態におけるベクトルデータを用いた図形の色変更を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１　質感表現装置
２　端末
１１　図柄作成処理部
１２　立体構造図作成処理部
１３　合成処理部
１４　質感表現処理部
１５　視覚特性変換処理部
１６　図柄データベース
１７　立体構造図データベース
１８　色見本データベース[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a computer system, and more particularly to a texture expression device, a texture expression method, and a synthesis method.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, when manufacturing a product in which a pattern is printed on a three-dimensional structure, a designer first draws an image diagram of the completed product (a diagram in which the pattern is drawn on the three-dimensional structure) using, for example, image creation software provided in a computer. I'm drawing. Then, when the color designation for the image diagram is performed by the image creation software, the designer checks the color sample of the color material used when printing the design on the product, and the color sample identification number representing the color sample. Is selected on the image creation software and the color is specified in the image diagram. Then, the image diagram is presented to the client of the product, and after the client confirms the color of the product, the printing company prints the symbol of the image on the three-dimensional structure to manufacture the product.
Here, for example, if the product is a beverage can and the client of the product is a beverage manufacturer, the beverage manufacturer first asks the designer to create an image diagram when the beverage can is completed, and the designer Creates the image diagram. Further, when creating the image diagram, the designer designates the color on the image diagram on the image creation software using the color sample identification number representing the existing color sample. Then, the designer presents the image diagram to the beverage manufacturer and obtains the consent of the beverage manufacturer, and then the printing company prints the image diagram on the metal can. Here, in a conventional method of simulating a design of an image diagram on a three-dimensional structure using a computer, a bitmap (a method of expressing the shape and color of an image by a set of points on a screen) is used as the design ( For example, see Patent Document 1.)
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-231274 (pages 3-5)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-described conventional technology, when the design is scaled up or down, unless the image diagram is created in advance with the resolution of the image that matches the enlarged size, the quality of the design is impaired as shown in FIG. Must prepare the pattern data of In addition, when the designated colors are overlapped as shown in FIG. 23 when changing the color of the symbol, it is necessary to determine the area of the symbol whose color is to be changed. If a part is not completely closed, the color of another symbol will be changed as shown in FIG.
Further, in a method of creating a design (image diagram) to be printed on a product by a conventional method, an image diagram is not created in consideration of a texture of a product such as a three-dimensional structure to be an actual product and a degree of light corresponding to the color of the design. Therefore, there is a difference in the perceived color appearance between the manufactured product and the image diagram. As a result, the printing company had to change the color many times to produce a product that matches the image diagram.
[0005]
Therefore, the present invention provides a design and a three-dimensional structure using vector information that do not require the work of judging the extent of the design area when changing the color of the design or losing the quality of the design when the design is enlarged or reduced. You can simulate on a computer an image diagram that combines the object with the object, and the color of the three-dimensional structure in the image diagram and the color of the design drawn on it are displayed on a computer display device with almost the same texture as the manufactured product. It is an object of the present invention to provide a texture expression device, a texture expression method, and a synthesis method having a function capable of displaying.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problem, and has a three-dimensional structure information storage unit that stores three-dimensional structure information representing the shape of a three-dimensional structure, and includes shape information that represents the shape of a symbol and the symbol. A symbol information storage unit that stores symbol information that holds color sample identification number information of a color sample corresponding to the color of each part to be synthesized, and combines the three-dimensional structure information and the symbol information so that the symbol becomes the three-dimensional structure. A synthesis unit for generating synthesis information representing the synthesized shape.
[0007]
According to the above-described configuration, the three-dimensional structure information stored in the three-dimensional structure information storage unit and the design information stored in the design information storage unit are combined by the combining unit to represent a shape in which the design is combined with the three-dimensional structure. Create composite information.
As a result, it is possible to obtain synthetic information obtained by synthesizing the three-dimensional three-dimensional structure diagram and the coordinate information of each figure in the two-dimensional pattern, and to project the three-dimensional structure diagram and the three-dimensional structure diagram by using the synthesized information. It is possible to grasp the positional relationship between the figures.
[0008]
Further, the present invention is the texture expression device described above, wherein the color sample is colored on a medium of a specific material, the medium is irradiated with light from a light source in a predetermined direction, and reflected light of the light is converted into a predetermined light. Color sample information obtained by measuring the spectral reflectance when observed from the direction, the color sample identification number information of the color sample, the irradiation direction of the light, the type of the material, and the reflected light Observation direction, a color sample information storage unit that stores color sample information held in association with the measured spectral reflectance, the direction of light irradiation on the three-dimensional structure and the type of material of the three-dimensional structure Based on the selection of the observation direction of the three-dimensional structure, based on the received information and the color sample identification number information corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the synthetic information, The corresponding spectral reflectance is obtained from the color sample information storage unit. Look out, and further comprising a texture representation information creating means for creating a texture representation information including the spectral reflectance of each portion of the three-dimensional structure.
[0009]
According to the above-described configuration, the texture expression information creating unit accepts the selection of the irradiation direction of the light to the three-dimensional structure, the type of the material of the three-dimensional structure, and the observation direction of the three-dimensional structure. Based on the information and the color sample identification number information corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the synthesis information, the spectral reflectance corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure is read from the color sample information storage unit, and the three-dimensional structure The texture expression information including the spectral reflectance of each part is created.
As a result, the three-dimensional structure and the color of the design projected on the three-dimensional structure can be displayed on, for example, an output device with substantially the same texture as the real thing.
[0010]
Further, the present invention is the texture expression device described above, wherein a display characteristic information storage unit that holds display characteristic information for each type of output device, and a selection of the type of output device is received, and the selected output device is The display characteristic information is read from the display characteristic information storage unit, and based on the read display characteristic information and the spectral reflectance of each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the texture expression information, a tristimulus value of each part. And visual characteristic conversion means for outputting a color to the output device using the tristimulus value obtained by adjusting the display characteristic information to the calculated tristimulus value.
[0011]
According to the above configuration, the display characteristic information storage unit holds the display characteristic information for each type of output device, the visual characteristic conversion unit receives the selection of the type of the output device, and displays the display characteristic of the selected output device. The information is read from the display characteristic information storage unit. Then, the visual characteristic conversion means calculates tristimulus values of each part based on the read display characteristic information and the spectral reflectance of each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the texture expression information. A color is output to an output device using the tristimulus values after the display characteristic information is matched with the stimulus values.
Thereby, even when the tristimulus value calculated from the texture expression information exceeds the range of the tristimulus value that can be displayed by the output device, the texture display device can display the tristimulus value that matches the characteristic of the color that can be displayed by the output device. Can be used to output colors to an output device.
[0012]
Further, the present invention is the texture expression device described above, wherein the three-dimensional structure information storage unit stores coordinate information representing a shape of the three-dimensional structure, and the symbol information storage unit stores coordinates representing the shape of the symbol. Information and design information which holds color sample identification number information of a color sample corresponding to the color of each part constituting the design, wherein the synthesizing means indicates a shape when the three-dimensional structure is developed in a plane. Creating three-dimensional coordinate information from coordinate information representing the shape of the three-dimensional structure, and combining two-dimensional coordinate information representing the shape when the three-dimensional structure is developed on a plane and coordinate information representing the shape of the symbol. Features.
[0013]
Further, the present invention is the texture expression device described above, wherein the texture expression information creation means specifies a display position of the three-dimensional structure determined by performing coordinate conversion on the coordinate information of the three-dimensional structure, and Coordinates, display environment receiving means for receiving designation of the coordinates of the observation point for performing the observation, and the angle of the irradiation direction from the light source with respect to a normal vector at a point on the surface of the three-dimensional structure, The angle of the observation direction, the angle between the irradiation direction and the direction formed by projecting the observation direction on a plane perpendicular to the normal vector, the display position received by the display environment receiving means, the coordinates of the light source And, the coordinates of the observation point, an angle calculating means for calculating based on the coordinates of the point, a color sample identification number information grasping means for obtaining a color sample identification number at the point based on the synthesis information, Based on the combination of the received material and each angle calculated by the angle calculation means and the color sample identification number obtained by the color sample identification number grasping means, the surface of the three-dimensional structure is received. Spectral reflectance specifying means for specifying and reading the spectral reflectance at each coordinate to be represented from the spectral reflectance stored in the color sample information storage unit, wherein the three-dimensional structure specified and read by the spectral reflectance specifying means Is characterized in that texture expression information composed of spectral reflectances for each point on the surface is created.
[0014]
Further, according to the present invention, color sample identification number information of a color sample, the irradiation direction of the light, the type of the material, the observation direction of the reflected light, and the measured spectral reflectance are held in association with each other. A texture expression method in a texture expression device including a color sample information storage unit that stores color sample information, wherein the texture expression information creation means of the texture expression device includes: a light irradiation direction to the three-dimensional structure; Based on the type of material of the object and the selection of the observation direction of the three-dimensional structure, based on the received information and the color sample identification number information corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the synthetic information, A texture expression creating step of reading out the spectral reflectance corresponding to each part of the structure from the color sample information storage unit and creating texture expression information including the spectral reflectance of each part of the three-dimensional structure. How to express texture It is.
[0015]
Also, the present invention is a texture expression method in a texture expression device including a display characteristic information storage unit for holding display characteristic information for each type of output device, wherein the visual characteristic conversion means of the texture expression device comprises an output device. Of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the read display characteristic information and the texture expression information is read out from the display characteristic information storage unit. Based on the spectral reflectance, a visual characteristic of calculating a tristimulus value of each portion and outputting a color to the output device using the tristimulus value obtained by adjusting the display characteristic information to the calculated tristimulus value. And a conversion step.
[0016]
Also, the present invention provides a three-dimensional structure information storage unit for storing three-dimensional structure information representing the shape of the three-dimensional structure, a shape sample representing the shape of the design, and a color sample corresponding to the color of each part constituting the design. A symbol information storage unit for storing symbol information holding the color sample identification number information of the three-dimensional structure information and the symbol information in the texture expression device, wherein the synthesis means of the texture expression device However, there is provided a synthesizing method including a synthesizing step of synthesizing the three-dimensional structure information and the symbol information and creating synthesizing information representing a shape in which the symbol is synthesized with the three-dimensional structure.
[0017]
Further, the present invention, in the above-described synthesizing method, the symbol information and the three-dimensional structure information indicating the position and shape of each symbol in a coordinate system in which the vertical and horizontal sizes of the background region of the entire symbol are normalized by vector information. A combining step of combining and creating combination information representing a shape in which the symbol is combined with the three-dimensional structure.
According to the configuration described above, since coordinate information such as the position and shape of the symbol is processed with normalized vector information, when scaling up or down, the coordinate information of each symbol need only be multiplied by a constant. It is not necessary to prepare quality degradation and useless high-resolution data due to enlargement / reduction, which are problems in the conventional technology as in the case of FIG. In addition, since the coordinate information for each symbol is retained, when changing the color, it is not necessary to determine the area of the symbol whose color is to be changed, and if a part of the symbol is completely 25, the colors of the other symbols are not changed as shown in FIG.
[0018]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a texture expression device according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a configuration of a texture expression device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In this figure, reference numeral 1 is a texture expression device. Reference numeral 2 denotes a terminal that displays an image diagram expressing the texture of the three-dimensional structure on which the pattern is printed. The terminal 2 is also used to create a design drawn by a designer on a three-dimensional structure, and to create a three-dimensional structure diagram of the three-dimensional structure. The terminal 2 is, for example, a PC (Personal Computer) and has a monitor, a mouse, and a keyboard.
Reference numeral 11 denotes a symbol creation processing unit that performs a symbol creation process based on an instruction from the terminal 2. The symbol creation processing section 11 performs a symbol creation process using vector data (vector information). Reference numeral 12 denotes a three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit that performs a process of creating a three-dimensional structure diagram of a product (three-dimensional structure). Reference numeral 13 denotes a synthesis processing unit (synthesis processing means) that generates synthesis information in which the shape information of the symbol created by the symbol creation processing unit 11 and the three-dimensional structure diagram information created by the three-dimensional structure diagram creation unit 12 are synthesized. .
Reference numeral 14 denotes a texture expression processing unit (texture expression information creating means) for displaying, on the display unit, the texture of the three-dimensional structure and the image of the pattern drawn on the three-dimensional structure based on the synthesis information created by the synthesis processing unit 13. is there. The texture expression processing unit 14 includes a display environment receiving unit, an angle calculating unit, a color sample identification number information grasping unit, and a spectral reflectance information specifying unit.
Reference numeral 15 denotes a visual characteristic conversion processing unit (display characteristic information storage unit) that corrects the tristimulus values of the output colors in accordance with the characteristics of the colors that can be displayed by the display unit of the terminal 2. The visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 holds display characteristic information of a plurality of terminals 2 (information indicating a range of tristimulus values that can be displayed on the display unit of each terminal 2) for each terminal 2.
[0019]
Reference numeral 16 denotes a symbol database (symbol information storage unit) that stores, as shape information, coordinates representing each figure included in the symbol created by the symbol creation processing unit 11. Reference numeral 17 denotes a three-dimensional structure diagram database (three-dimensional structure information storage unit) that stores coordinates representing the three-dimensional structure diagram created by the three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit 12 as three-dimensional structure diagram information (three-dimensional structure information). Reference numeral 18 denotes a color sample database (color sample information storage unit) that stores a plurality of color sample information of colors used when a print trader prints a pattern on a three-dimensional structure.
The color sample information is information on spectral reflectance measured by coloring a plate made of a metal material or plastic (for example, aluminum or PET (polyethylene terephthalate)) with a specific color and irradiating the plate with light. The color sample information is based on a color sample identification number for identifying the color of the color sample and a normal vector perpendicular to the plate as shown in the image of the data structure in the color sample database 18 in FIG. The angle of the light irradiation direction (irradiation angle), the angle of the direction in which the reflectance of the light is measured (observation angle), and those directions that project the irradiation direction and observation direction on a plane perpendicular to the normal vector Information on the spectral reflectance is stored for each combination of the angle formed and the medium material of the colored plate.
The irradiation angle and the observation angle are set at angles of 10 degrees from 0 to 70 degrees with respect to the normal vector, and the irradiation direction and the observation direction are projected on a plane perpendicular to the normal vector. The angles formed by these directions are set at angles of 10 degrees from 0 to 180 degrees.
Here, the spectral reflectance is a numerical value indicating the reflectance when white light is applied to an object. In the present embodiment, the light having a wavelength of 10 nm from 400 nm to 700 nm is applied to the plate of each color sample. Is a numerical value indicating the reflectance measured by irradiating.
[0020]
Then, the designer draws a three-dimensional structure diagram of the three-dimensional structure on the terminal 2 (for example, a wire frame model (a technique of representing a shape by a data structure connecting coordinates in a space with a straight line) which is one of 3D graphic modeling techniques). And a design to be printed on the three-dimensional structure. The symbol and the three-dimensional structure diagram are created by the functions of the symbol creation processing unit 11 and the three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit 12 of the texture expression device 1. Then, the symbol creation processing unit 11 records in the symbol database 16 the symbol information including the coordinate information representing the two-dimensional shape of the symbol and the color sample identification number which is the color information of each figure included in the symbol. The structure diagram creation processing unit 12 records the three-dimensional structure diagram information, which is information of coordinates representing the three-dimensional shape of the three-dimensional structure diagram, in the symbol database 16.
[0021]
Then, as shown in the processing flow of the texture expression device 1 in FIG. 3, the synthesis processing unit 13 reads the pattern information and the three-dimensional structure diagram information (1), and converts the three-dimensional coordinates of the three-dimensional structure diagram information into two-dimensional coordinates. To create composite information in which the coordinates of the converted three-dimensional structure information and the coordinates of the two-dimensional design information are combined (2). Note that the synthesis information also holds a color sample identification number of each figure included in the two-dimensional design information. Next, the synthesis information (3) created by the synthesis processing unit 13 by the texture expression processing unit 14, the irradiation angle (4) of light to the three-dimensional structure, and the observation angle (5) for observing the three-dimensional structure are shown. Based on the angle (6) formed by projecting the irradiation direction and the observation direction on a plane perpendicular to the normal vector, and the medium material information (7) of the medium material on which the three-dimensional structure is created. Then, the color sample information stored in the color sample database 18 is determined, and the color sample information is read (8). Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 uses the color sample information and the combined information as texture expression information (9). Next, when the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 receives the texture expression information (10) and displays the synthesized three-dimensional structure with the pattern on the display unit of the terminal 2, the spectral reflectance information obtained from the color sample information is displayed. Is generated according to the characteristics of the display unit of the terminal 2 (11). Then, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 displays the display information on the display unit or the like of the terminal 2 (12).
Note that, in the present invention, the synthesis processing unit 13 outputs the three-dimensional structure information of the three-dimensional structure capable of expressing the three-dimensional structure three-dimensionally by coordinate transformation using a matrix, and the pattern to be printed on the three-dimensional structure. It is possible to combine symbol information.
[0022]
Next, the operation of the texture expression device 1 will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an outline of the processing of the symbol creation processing unit 11 and the three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit 12 of the texture expression device 1 in the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an outline of processing of the synthesis processing unit 13. FIG. 6 is a first flowchart showing a processing outline of the texture expression processing section 14 and the visual characteristic conversion processing section 15. FIG. 7 is a second flowchart showing a processing outline of the texture expression processing unit 14 and the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15.
First, the processing outline of the three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit 12 will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. The designer uses the terminal 2 to create a design to be printed on the beverage can. The symbol creation is performed by the symbol creation processing unit 11 receiving a symbol creation instruction from the terminal 2 of the designer (step S1). The design created by the designer is shown in FIG. In this figure, the number of figures is nine, that is, "background", "L", "O", "G", "O", "C", "A", "N" and "can character frame portion". Next, the designer selects a color sample identification number representing a color to be colored on the nine figures. In the selection process of the color sample identification numbers, first, the symbol creation processing unit 11 presents all the color sample identification numbers recorded in the color sample database 18 to the terminal 2. The designer selects a color sample identification number of a color to be applied to each figure shown in the pattern from the color sample identification numbers presented on the terminal 2, and the pattern creation processing unit 11 accepts the selection (step S2).
[0023]
When the designer determines the colors to be colored for each of the nine figures in step S2, the pattern creation processing unit 11 determines the shape information of the figures (information expressing the figures by coordinates (XY coordinates: Dx, Dy)) and the above-described information. The color sample identification numbers designated for each of the nine figures are converted into vector data in a page description language format represented by the PostScript (registered trademark) language (for example, information on the XY coordinates of an end point of a straight line, or information on a Bezier curve). The information is stored in the symbol database 16 as the XY coordinates of the end points and the control points in the case), and the symbol creation processing unit 11 sets the vertical (Dh) and horizontal (Dw) size information (coordinates) of the symbol range (background). (XY coordinates: Dx, Dy) are stored in the design database 16 together with the above-mentioned shape information and color sample identification number (step S3). The shape information, color sample identification number, and size information relating to one symbol are collectively referred to as symbol information.
The data of the symbol information is a table of a combination of the coordinate information representing each graphic constituting the symbol and the color sample identification number associated with each graphic. Then, as shown in FIG. 9, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, each symbol represented by the symbol information has a graphic B (an elliptical graphic) superimposed on a graphic C (a rectangular graphic) and a graphic B (an elliptical graphic). In the case of a pattern represented by the figure A (elliptical figure) to be superimposed, the table of the pattern information data is recorded in order from the information of the figure superimposed and colored on the top of the pattern. I have. In the case of the design of FIG. 9, the coordinate information of the graphic A and the corresponding color sample identification number are recorded in order from the top of the table serving as the data of the design information. The color sample identification number is recorded, and then the coordinate information of the graphic C and the corresponding color sample identification number are recorded.
In the present embodiment, the shape information, the color sample identification number, and the size information are used as the symbol information. However, in other embodiments, other information is included, or any one of these three pieces of information is included. You don't have to.
[0024]
Next, the designer creates a three-dimensional structure diagram of the beverage can on the display unit of the terminal 2. The three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit 12 receives a three-dimensional structure diagram creation instruction from the designer's terminal 2 and performs a three-dimensional structure diagram creation process (step S4). Here, the designer creates a three-dimensional structure diagram of a cylindrical beverage can having a radius R and a height H shown in FIG. Then, based on the three-dimensional structure diagram of the cylinder created by the designer, the three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit 12 outputs information (three-dimensional structure diagram information) of 3D modeling coordinates in which the center of the cylinder is the origin of the coordinate system. It is recorded in the database 17 (step S5).
[0025]
Here, symbol information is recorded in the symbol database 16, and information on the 3D modeling coordinates (three-dimensional structure information) of the cylinder is recorded in the three-dimensional structure database 17. In this state, when the designer gives a synthesis instruction from the terminal 2, the synthesis processing unit 13 performs a synthesis process of the symbol information and the three-dimensional structure diagram information.
Next, an example in which the synthesizing unit 13 synthesizes the symbol information and the three-dimensional structure diagram information will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
First, when the synthesis processing unit 13 receives a synthesis instruction from the terminal 2, the synthesis processing unit 13 reads the symbol information from the symbol database 16, and reads the size information and the shape information from the symbol information (step S6).
Next, the synthesizing unit 13 sets the XY coordinates of each of the nine figures represented by the shape information read from the design information in step S6 and the XY coordinates (vertical and horizontal lengths of the background represented by the size information). Dx, Dy) is converted to an UpVp coordinate system (Upx, Vpy) normalized to length 1 using the equation of [Equation 1] (step S7). The coordinates representing the vertical and horizontal lengths of the nine figures and the background converted into the UpVp coordinate system are referred to as converted symbol coordinates. When the symbol is represented by the symbol coordinates after the conversion, a diagram as shown in FIG. 11 is obtained.
[0026]
(Equation 1)

[0027]
Further, the synthesis processing unit 13 reads the 3D modeling coordinates of the cylinder from the three-dimensional structure diagram database 17 (Step S8).
Then, in the read 3D modeling coordinates, the combining processing unit 13 has a surface parallel to the minus direction of the Z axis and (C, Y, Z) = (0, Y, −Z) as shown in FIG. Are detected, and the side surface of the cylinder is cut based on the detected coordinates (step S9). Then, as shown in FIG. 13, the synthesis processing unit 13 sets the axis of the (0, Y, -Z) cut portion of the cut cylindrical side surface to the Vc axis, and sets the axis along the circle on the bottom surface of the cylindrical column to the Uc axis. . In addition, the synthesis processing unit 13 converts the coordinates representing the height H of the three-dimensional structure diagram on the Vc axis and the XY coordinates representing the length of the circumference of the three-dimensional structure diagram on the Uc axis into UcVc coordinates normalized to a length of 1. It is converted into a system (Ucx, Vcy) (step S10). Note that the coordinates representing the height H and the circumference of the three-dimensional structure diagram converted into the UcVc coordinate system are referred to as coordinates of the three-dimensional structure diagram after conversion.
[0028]
Next, the synthesis processing unit 13 substitutes the numerical value of the converted design coordinates represented by the UpVp coordinate system into the UcVc coordinate system. As a result, the numerical value of the converted design coordinates represented by the UpVp coordinate system is substituted for the cylindrical surface represented by the UcVc coordinate system, and a composite diagram in which the design is projected on the cylindrical surface is created (step S11). FIG. 14 shows an image of the composite diagram in which the design is projected on the cylindrical surface. Note that the information of the composite diagram of the UcVc coordinate system in which the converted symbol coordinates and the converted three-dimensional structure diagram coordinates are superimposed is referred to as composite information. Next, the synthesis processing unit 13 reads the color sample identification number from the symbol information stored in the symbol database 16 (step S12).
[0029]
Next, the designer specifies the material (for example, aluminum, plastic, or the like) of the medium of the three-dimensional structure diagram on the terminal 2. Here, since the three-dimensional structure diagram represents a beverage can, the designer specifies to display the three-dimensional structure diagram with the texture of “aluminum”, and the synthesis processing unit 13 accepts the specification (step S13).
Then, the synthesis processing unit 13 displays the 3D modeling coordinates representing the cylinder from the synthesis information on the world coordinate system (coordinate system representing the entire computer screen) of the display unit of the terminal 2 (step S14). Note that, at this time, the synthesis processing unit 13 displays the origin of the 3D modeling coordinates so as to match the origin of the world coordinate system.
Next, the designer gives instructions such as enlargement / reduction / translation / rotation to the cylinder displayed on the terminal 2 using the mouse or keyboard provided on the terminal 2, and sends the instructions to the synthesis processing unit 13. Accepts and performs a cylinder arrangement adjustment operation (step S15). The synthesis processing unit 13 performs an arrangement adjustment operation using the following coordinate transformation matrix (A), and converts the 3D modeling coordinate values (x1, y1, z1) shown in FIG. 15 into world coordinate values (wx1, wy1, wz1) shown in FIG. ) And displays the shape of the cylinder on the screen of the terminal 2.
[0030]
(Equation 2)

[0031]
Next, the processing of the texture expression processing unit 14 will be described.
First, in the world coordinate system of the display unit of the terminal 2, the designer uses the terminal 2 to display the position coordinates (WL) of the illumination applied to the column and the position coordinates (W) of the viewpoint for observing the column. _V ), The texture expression processing unit 14 accepts the designation (step S16). Illumination position coordinates (WL) and position coordinates (W _V FIG. 17 shows an image designated by ().
Then, the designer issues a rendering instruction from the terminal 2, the texture expression processing unit 14 receives the instruction, and the texture expression processing unit 14 starts the rendering process (step S17).
Upon receiving the rendering instruction, the texture expression processing unit 14 receives the illumination position coordinates WL and the viewpoint position coordinates W in the world coordinate system of the display unit of the terminal 2. _V Is the inverse matrix (A) of the coordinate transformation matrix (A) of [Equation 1]. _inv ) To convert to a 3D modeling coordinate system (step S18). Inverse matrix (A _inv ) Is shown in [Equation 3].
[0032]
[Equation 3]

[0033]
Note that the coordinates after conversion of the illumination position coordinates WL into the 3D modeling coordinate system are ML, and the viewpoint position coordinates W _V Is the coordinate after conversion into the 3D modeling coordinate system _V And Then, the ML of the coordinates after the conversion of the illumination position coordinates WL to the 3D modeling coordinate system and the viewpoint position coordinates W _V Of coordinates after conversion to 3D modeling coordinate system _V 18 is shown in FIG.
[0034]
Next, the texture expression processing unit 14 calculates a normal vector Nm (a vector perpendicular to a plane tangent to (x1, y1, z1)) at a certain point (x1, y1, z1) of the 3D modeling coordinates on the side surface of the cylinder by the following equation. (Step S19). (See FIG. 18)
[0035]
(Equation 4)

[0036]
Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 determines the position coordinates ML of the illumination in the 3D modeling coordinate system and the position coordinates M of the viewpoint. _V Then, the normal vector Nm is converted into a local coordinate system (X ′, Y ′, Z ′) having the fixed point (x1, y1, z1) of the 3D modeling coordinates as the origin (step S20). (See FIG. 19)
Note that the coordinates of the illumination position coordinates ML after conversion to the local coordinate system are L, and the viewpoint position coordinates W _V Is the view after the transformation of the normal vector Nm into the local coordinate system, and N is the coordinate after the transformation of the normal vector Nm into the local coordinate system. The coordinate conversion to the local coordinate system is performed by the following equation.
[0037]
(Equation 5)

[0038]
Next, in order to rotate the normal vector N of the local coordinate system obtained in step S20 in the same direction as the Z ′ axis of the local coordinate system, the texture expression processing unit 14 shows the normal vectors N and Z ′ shown in FIG. Shaft angle θ _Z Ask for. First, the texture expression processing unit 14 obtains an inner product of the unit vector ez (0, 0, 1) on the Z 'axis and the normal vector N (step S21). The inner product of the unit vector ez (0, 0, 1) on the Z ′ axis and the normal vector N is represented by the following equation.
[0039]
(Equation 6)

[0040]
Next, from the inner product <ez · N> determined in step S21, the texture expression processing unit 14 calculates the normal vector N and the angle θ between the Z ′ axis by the following equation. _Z Is obtained (step S22).
[0041]
(Equation 7)

[0042]
Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 determines the θ obtained in step S22. _Z Thus, a rotation matrix (B) centered on the Y 'axis for setting the normal vector N in the same direction as the Z' axis is set to the following matrix (step S23).
[0043]
(Equation 8)

[0044]
Next, the texture expression processing unit 14 rotates the normal vector N in the same direction as the Z ′ axis using the rotation matrix (B) set in step S23, and also uses the rotation matrix (B) in the local coordinate system obtained in step S20. The position coordinates L of the illumination and the position coordinates View of the viewpoint are also rotated by the same angle (step S24). Note that the normal vector after rotation using the rotation matrix (B) is N ′, the illumination position coordinates are L ′, and the viewpoint position coordinates View are View ′.
[0045]
Next, the texture expression processing unit 14 uses the rotation matrix (B) to calculate the zenith angle θL between the position coordinates L ′ of the illumination rotated in step S24 and the Z ′ axis (normal vector N ′) (see FIG. 21). Is obtained by the following equation (step S25).
[0046]
(Equation 9)

[0047]
The texture expression processing unit 14 also calculates the zenith angle θv (see FIG. 21) between the position coordinates View ′ of the viewpoint rotated in step S24 and the Z ′ axis (normal vector N ′) using the rotation matrix (B). It is obtained by the following equation (step S26).
[0048]
(Equation 10)

[0049]
Next, the texture expression processing unit 14 uses the rotation matrix (B) to project the position coordinates L ′ of the illumination rotated in step S24 and the position coordinates View ′ of the viewpoint on the X′Y ′ plane of the local coordinate system. L _xy And View _xy (See FIG. 21) (step S27). The angle Φ can be obtained by the following equation.
[0050]
[Equation 11]

[0051]
Next, the texture expression processing unit 14 obtains UcVc coordinate values (Ucx, Vcy) corresponding to the fixed points (x1, y1, z1) of the 3D modeling coordinates of the cylindrical surface (step S28). Here, an equation that generally expresses the 3D modeling coordinate value (X, Y, Z) by the angle θ from 0 to 2π based on (0, y1, −R) in the 3D modeling coordinate is as follows. become.
[0052]
(Equation 12)

[0053]
The parameters of θ and h corresponding to the fixed points (x1, y1, z1) can be obtained by the following equations.
[0054]
(Equation 13)

[0055]
The equation for calculating the UcVc coordinate value using the parameters of θ and h according to [Equation 13] is as follows.
[0056]
[Equation 14]

[0057]
Thereby, the texture expression processing unit 14 determines that the coordinates of the UcVc coordinate system corresponding to the fixed point (x1, y1, z1) of the cylindrical surface determined in step S28 are the same as those of the UcVc coordinate system in the composite information transferred in step S12. It is determined whether or not the converted symbol coordinates match (step S29). Here, if the coordinates of the UcVc coordinate system corresponding to the fixed points (x1, y1, z1) of the cylindrical surface in the modeling coordinate system are the coordinates that fall within the nine figures of the converted symbol coordinates of the UcVc coordinate system in the composite information, The color sample identification number corresponding to the fixed point (x1, y1, z1) on the cylindrical surface is grasped from the synthesis information.
At this time, the texture expression processing unit 14 grasps from the table of the symbol information included in the composite information which coordinates of the fixed point (x1, y1, z1) of the cylindrical surface are included in the coordinate information of which figure in the symbol. . Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 checks whether or not the coordinate information of each figure recorded as data in the table includes the coordinates of the fixed point on the cylindrical surface in order from the top to the bottom of the table. The color sample identification number recorded in the same table in correspondence with the coordinate information of the graphic including the coordinates of is set as the color sample identification number at the fixed point. Then, the color of the color sample identification number corresponding to the fixed point on the cylindrical surface is colored.
[0058]
Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 performs the process of step S29 at each coordinate covering the cylindrical surface of the modeling coordinate system. By the processing in step S29, the texture expression processing unit 14 sets the coordinates, the irradiation angle, the observation angle, and the irradiation direction and the observation direction at each point on the cylindrical surface of the modeling coordinate system on a plane perpendicular to the normal vector. Are stored, the angle formed by the directions projected onto the image, the color identification number at the coordinates, and the medium material information. Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 converts the spectral reflectance at each coordinate of the cylindrical surface of the modeling coordinate system into an irradiation angle at each coordinate, a monitoring angle, and an irradiation direction and an observation direction on a plane perpendicular to the normal vector. It is read from the color sample database 18 based on a combination of the angle formed by the projected directions, the color identification number at the coordinates, and the medium material information. Here, all the coordinates of the cylindrical surface in the modeling coordinate system and information on the spectral reflectance associated with the coordinates are referred to as texture expression information.
Then, the texture expression processing unit 14 transfers the texture expression information to the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 (step S30).
[0059]
Next, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 receives designation of a terminal type from the terminal 2 in order to grasp the terminal type of the terminal 2 (step S31). Then, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 reads the display characteristic information of the corresponding terminal 2 from the stored display characteristic information based on the terminal designation from the terminal 2. This display characteristic information holds information on the range of tristimulus values that can be displayed on the display unit of the terminal 2. Next, based on the texture expression information transferred in step S30, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 converts the tristimulus value when the spectral reflectance at each coordinate representing the cylindrical surface of the modeling coordinate system is converted into the light source color. (For example, the value of CIEXYZ) is calculated. Since the process of deriving tristimulus values from the spectral reflectance is a known technique, the process of calculating tristimulus values and the equations used in the process are omitted. Then, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 creates display information that matches the calculated tristimulus value range with the tristimulus value range that can be grasped from the display characteristic information of the terminal 2 (step S32). For example, when the range of tristimulus values that can be displayed on the display unit of the terminal 2 is narrow, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 sets the scale of the range of tristimulus values of the texture expression information to the characteristic of the display unit of the terminal 2. Create display information according to. Then, the visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 displays the display information on the display unit of the terminal 2 (Step S33).
[0060]
The texture expression device 1 described above has a computer system inside. Each process in the texture expression device 1 described above is stored in a computer-readable recording medium in the form of a program, and the above processing is performed by reading and executing the program by the computer. Here, the computer-readable recording medium refers to a magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a semiconductor memory, or the like. Alternatively, the computer program may be distributed to a computer via a communication line, and the computer that has received the distribution may execute the program.
[0061]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the three-dimensional structure information stored in the three-dimensional structure information storage unit and the design information stored in the design information storage unit are combined by the combining unit, and the design is combined with the three-dimensional structure. Create composite information representing the shape that was created. As a result, it is possible to obtain synthetic information obtained by synthesizing the three-dimensional three-dimensional structure diagram and the coordinate information of each figure in the two-dimensional pattern, and to project the three-dimensional structure diagram and the three-dimensional structure diagram by using the synthesized information. It is possible to grasp the positional relationship between the figures.
[0062]
Further, according to the present invention, the texture expression information creating means receives the selection of the direction of light irradiation on the three-dimensional structure, the type of the material of the three-dimensional structure, and the observation direction of the three-dimensional structure. Based on the obtained information and the color sample identification number information corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the synthetic information, the spectral reflectance corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure is read from the color sample information storage unit, and the three-dimensional structure is read. Texture expression information including the spectral reflectance of each part of the object is created. Thereby, the three-dimensional structure and the color of the design projected on the three-dimensional structure can be displayed on, for example, an output device with almost the same texture as the real thing.
[0063]
Further, according to the present invention, the display characteristic information storage unit holds display characteristic information for each type of output device, and the visual characteristic conversion means receives selection of the type of output device, and displays the selected output device. The characteristic information is read from the display characteristic information storage unit. Then, the visual characteristic conversion means calculates tristimulus values of each part based on the read display characteristic information and the spectral reflectance of each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the texture expression information. A color is output to an output device using the tristimulus values after the display characteristic information is matched with the stimulus values.
Thereby, even when the tristimulus value calculated from the texture expression information exceeds the range of the tristimulus value that can be displayed by the output device, the texture display device can display the tristimulus value that matches the characteristic of the color that can be displayed by the output device. Can be used to output colors to an output device.
[0064]
Further, according to the present invention, the synthesizing unit synthesizes the symbol information and the three-dimensional structure information indicating the position and shape of each symbol in the coordinate system in which the vertical and horizontal sizes of the background area of the entire symbol are normalized by vector information. Then, synthesis information representing a shape in which the symbol is synthesized with the three-dimensional structure is created.
As a result, coordinate information such as the position and shape of a symbol is processed using normalized vector information. Therefore, when scaling up or down, it is only necessary to multiply the coordinate information of each symbol by a constant. There is no need to prepare quality degradation or useless high-resolution data due to scaling. In addition, since the coordinate information for each symbol is retained, when changing the color, it is not necessary to determine the area of the symbol whose color is to be changed, and if a part of the symbol is completely Even if it is not closed, the color of other symbols will not be changed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a configuration of a texture expression device 1 according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an image of a data structure of a color sample database according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a processing flow of the texture expression device 1 in the present embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an outline of processing of a symbol creation processing unit 11 and a three-dimensional structure diagram creation processing unit 12 of the texture expression device 1 according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating an outline of processing of a synthesis processing unit 13 according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a first flowchart illustrating a processing outline of a texture expression processing unit 14 and a visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 in the embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a second flowchart showing an outline of processing of a texture expression processing unit 14 and a visual characteristic conversion processing unit 15 in the embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an image of a symbol created by a designer in the embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a state in which each figure included in a symbol according to the embodiment is superimposed and colored.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an image when a symbol in this embodiment is normalized to length 1 and converted into an UpVp coordinate system.
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an image of a three-dimensional structure diagram of a cylindrical beverage can having a radius R and a height H in the present embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an image when a side surface of a cylinder is cut in 3D modeling coordinates of the cylinder in the embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an image of a Vc axis of a cut portion of a cut cylinder side surface and a Uc axis along a circle of a bottom surface of the cylinder in the embodiment.
FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an image of a composite diagram in which a symbol according to the present embodiment is projected on a cylindrical surface.
FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an image of 3D modeling coordinate values (X, Y, Z) in the present embodiment.
FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an image of world coordinate values (wx, wy, wz) in the present embodiment.
FIG. 17 shows the position coordinates (WL) of the illumination and the position coordinates (W) of the viewpoint for observing the cylinder in this embodiment. _V FIG. 12 is a diagram showing an image when the designer designates ()).
FIG. 18 shows the position coordinates (ML) of the illumination and the position coordinates (M) of the viewpoint in this embodiment. _V ) And an image of a normal vector Nm.
FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an image of a position coordinate L of an illumination, a position coordinate View of a viewpoint, and an image of a normal vector N in a local coordinate system according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an image when a normal vector N of the local coordinate system according to the present embodiment is rotated in the same direction as the Z ′ axis of the local coordinate system.
FIG. 21 shows a zenith angle θL, a zenith angle θv, and L in the present embodiment. _xy And View _xy FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an image of an angle Φ between the angle.
FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating enlargement / reduction of a graphic using a conventional bitmap.
FIG. 23 is a diagram showing a conventional color change of a graphic using a bitmap.
FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating the enlargement / reduction of a graphic using vector data according to the present embodiment.
FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating color change of a graphic using vector data in the present embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Texture expression device
2 terminal
11 Symbol creation processing unit
12 3D structure drawing processing unit
13 Compositing processing unit
14 Texture Expression Processing Unit
15 Visual characteristics conversion processing unit
16 Design Database
17 3D Structure Database
18 Color sample database

Claims (9)

A three-dimensional structure information storage unit that stores three-dimensional structure information representing a shape of the three-dimensional structure;
A symbol information storage unit that stores symbol information that holds shape information representing the shape of the symbol and color sample identification number information of a color sample corresponding to the color of each part configuring the symbol,
Synthesizing means for synthesizing the three-dimensional structure information and the symbol information and creating synthesis information representing a shape in which the symbol is synthesized with the three-dimensional structure,
A texture expression device comprising: The color sample is obtained by coloring a medium of a specific material, irradiating the medium with light from a light source in a predetermined direction, and measuring the spectral reflectance when the reflected light of the light is observed from a predetermined direction. The color sample information, which holds the color sample identification number information of the color sample, the irradiation direction of the light, the type of the material, the observation direction of the reflected light, and the measured spectral reflectance in association with each other. A color sample information storage unit for storing color sample information
Selection of the irradiation direction of light to the three-dimensional structure, the type of material of the three-dimensional structure, and the observation direction of the three-dimensional structure is accepted, and the received information and each of the three-dimensional structures obtained from the synthetic information are received. Based on the color sample identification number information corresponding to the part, the spectral reflectance corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure is read from the color sample information storage unit, and the texture expression information including the spectral reflectance of each part of the three-dimensional structure Means for creating texture expression information for creating
The texture expression device according to claim 1, further comprising: A display characteristic information storage unit that holds display characteristic information for each type of output device,
Receiving the selection of the type of output device, reading the display characteristic information of the selected output device from the display characteristic information storage unit, each of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the read display characteristic information and the texture expression information Based on the spectral reflectance of the portion, the tristimulus value of each portion is calculated, and a color is output to the output device using the tristimulus value obtained by adjusting the display characteristic information to the calculated tristimulus value. Visual characteristic conversion means,
The texture expression device according to claim 2, further comprising: The three-dimensional structure information storage unit stores coordinate information indicating a shape of the three-dimensional structure,
The symbol information storage unit stores symbol information that holds coordinate information indicating a shape of the symbol and color sample identification number information of a color sample corresponding to the color of each part configuring the symbol,
The synthesizing unit creates two-dimensional coordinate information representing a shape when the three-dimensional structure is planarly developed from coordinate information representing a shape of the three-dimensional structure, and represents a shape when the three-dimensional structure is planarly developed. The texture expression device according to claim 1, wherein two-dimensional coordinate information and coordinate information representing the shape of the symbol are synthesized. The texture expression information creating means,
A display environment receiving means for receiving designation of a display position of the three-dimensional structure determined by performing coordinate conversion on the coordinate information of the three-dimensional structure, coordinates of the light source, and coordinates of an observation point for performing the observation;
The angle of the irradiation direction from the light source with respect to the normal vector at a point on the surface of the three-dimensional structure, the angle of the observation direction, and the irradiation direction and the observation direction perpendicular to the normal vector. The angle formed by the directions projected on the plane, the display position received by the display environment receiving means, the coordinates of the light source, the coordinates of the observation point, the angle calculation means to calculate based on the coordinates of the point, ,
Color sample identification number information grasping means for obtaining a color sample identification number at the point based on the synthesis information,
Upon receiving the specification of the material, based on the combination of the received material and each angle calculated by the angle calculation means and the color sample identification number obtained by the color sample identification number grasping means, the three-dimensional structure Spectral reflectance specifying means for specifying and reading out the spectral reflectance at each coordinate representing the surface from the spectral reflectance stored in the color sample information storage unit,
With
The texture expression device according to claim 2, wherein texture expression information is created from the spectral reflectance for each point on the surface of the three-dimensional structure that is specified and read by the spectral reflectance specifying unit. Color sample information of a color sample, color irradiation information of the light, the type of the material, the observation direction of the reflected light, and the color sample information stored in association with the measured spectral reflectance are stored. A texture expression method in a texture expression device including a color sample information storage unit,
The texture expression information creating means of the texture expression device accepts selection of the direction of light irradiation on the three-dimensional structure, the type of material of the three-dimensional structure, and the observation direction of the three-dimensional structure, and the received information, Based on the color sample identification number information corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the synthesis information, the spectral reflectance corresponding to each part of the three-dimensional structure is read from the color sample information storage unit, and the three-dimensional structure A texture expression method comprising a texture expression creation step of creating texture expression information including spectral reflectance of each part. A texture expression method in a texture expression device including a display characteristic information storage unit that holds display characteristic information for each type of output device,
The visual characteristic conversion means of the texture expression device receives the selection of the type of the output device, reads display characteristic information of the selected output device from the display characteristic information storage unit, and reads the read display characteristic information and the texture. Based on the spectral reflectance of each part of the three-dimensional structure obtained from the expression information, the tristimulus value of each part is calculated, and the tristimulus value after adjusting the display characteristic information to the calculated tristimulus value A visual characteristic conversion step of outputting a color to the output device using
The texture expression method according to claim 7, further comprising: A three-dimensional structure information storage unit for storing three-dimensional structure information representing the shape of the three-dimensional structure, shape information representing the shape of the design, and color sample identification number information of a color sample corresponding to the color of each part constituting the design A symbol information storage unit that stores symbol information holding, and a method for synthesizing the three-dimensional structure information and the symbol information in a texture expression device including:
A combining step of combining the three-dimensional structure information and the symbol information to create combined information representing a shape in which the symbol is combined with the three-dimensional structure, wherein the combining means of the texture expression device includes a combining step. Method. The symbol information and the three-dimensional structure information indicating the position and shape of each symbol in the coordinate system in which the vertical and horizontal sizes of the background area of the entire symbol are normalized by vector information are combined, and the symbol is converted to the three-dimensional structure. 9. The synthesizing method according to claim 8, further comprising a synthesizing step of generating synthesizing information representing the synthesized shape.

Images