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JP2004081370A - Animal anesthetization tube and nasal intubation in animal anesthetization - Google Patents

Animal anesthetization tube and nasal intubation in animal anesthetization Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2004081370A
JP2004081370A JP2002244417A JP2002244417A JP2004081370A JP 2004081370 A JP2004081370 A JP 2004081370A JP 2002244417 A JP2002244417 A JP 2002244417A JP 2002244417 A JP2002244417 A JP 2002244417A JP 2004081370 A JP2004081370 A JP 2004081370A
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tube
animal
anesthetization
anesthesia
distal end
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Japanese (ja)
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Konosuke Yamazaki
山崎 幸之助
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an animal anesthetization tube that solves several technical difficulties involved in the supply of an anesthetization gas and can easily, safely and unerringly be inserted into even a small animal. <P>SOLUTION: The animal anesthetization tube gives a dental and surgical treatment to the oral cavity by pernasally inserting the anesthetization tube into an animal whose naris or nasal cavity is curved and constricted, a rodentia for example, without damaging the mucous, delivering the anesthetization gas supply hole in the tip of the tube to an intended site and efficiently supplying the anesthetization gas to the pharynx. The material and shape of the anesthetization tube inserted are elaborately designed. One provided with a balloon is also included. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

【0001】
【発明が属する技術分野】
本発明は,動物の麻酔方法に関する。より詳しくは,動物ガス麻酔時に際しての経鼻麻酔チューブに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
特開平10‐243950(以下,先行技術1という)には,「挿管補助具は,市販の人間用気管内チューブの先端部に鉛筆キャップのように嵌め込んで使用する。使用中に脱落すると摘出困難であるから,気管内チューブ先端部の外面に接着したり,溶着したり,磁石で固定したりするなどの脱落防止措置を講じることが望ましい。あるいは,既存の気管内チューブの先端部を改良し,略円錐状の挿入部を一体成形することもできる(先行技術2の第0011段落)」の記載がある。特開平2001‐333982(以下,先行技術2という)には,「麻酔ガス供給チューブに連結されるチューブ接続端部と,該接続端部から末広がりに延長して開口する円錐状開口部とから成り,該円錐状開口部の開口端部を動物の口部に被せて麻酔をかける動物用麻酔ガス吸入マウスにおいて,該麻酔ガス吸入マウスは,透明又は半透明の部材で,かつ,口部にフィットする柔らかさを有し,かつ,切断可能な部材で成されていることを特徴としたものである。略円錐状或いはラッパ状に開口する円錐状開口部で,周知のように,該円錐状開口部の先端開口部を,動物の口部に押し当て,前述の図示しない麻酔ガス源からの麻酔ガスを動物の口腔内に入れるものである(第0005〜0007段落)」の記載がある。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、先行技術1の気管内チューブ挿入方法は,イヌやネコなどの中型動物には時として用いられるが,挿管には熟練技術を要し,不確実であるという問題点がある。先行技術2の動物用麻酔ガス吸入マウスでは口腔内への処置ができないという問題点がある。
【0004】
従来用いられる口腔からの気管内挿管用に使用されるチューブ,たとえば先行技術1の気管内挿管チューブでは,挿入部が円錐状で,鋭利であるために,湾曲した鼻腔内を通過させることはできないという問題点がある。さらにげっ歯類などの小動物では視野,術野ともに極めて小さく狭いために,喉頭部を観察しながらの挿管は中型動物以上に困難であり,気管チューブの気管への挿管は困難であるという問題点がある。
【0005】
また,先行技術1の気管内挿管チューブに見られるような口腔からの挿管では口腔内をチューブが通過するために,歯科,あるいは歯科口腔外科,鼻咽喉科的処置等の口腔・咽頭,喉頭部への諸処置が妨げられるという問題点がある。
【0006】
あるいは従来技術2に見られるような動物の口部に被せて麻酔をかける動物用麻酔ガス吸入マウス(マスク)によるガス供給では,すべての口腔内および口腔周囲に対する処置が実施不可能になるという問題点がある。また,操作時に不可避的に麻酔ガスが漏出するために麻酔深度を精密にコントロールすることが困難であるという問題点がある。
【0007】
あるいはチャンバーに麻酔ガスを充満させ,その中で麻酔を行う方法では,麻酔深度に応じて麻酔ガスの濃度をコントロールするためにチャンバー内の麻酔ガスの濃度全体を変えねばならず,高価な麻酔ガスを必要以上使用することになって,経済的効率が悪いという問題点がある。
【0008】
上記の問題点を解決するために,経鼻的に挿管する方法が考えられるが,口腔周囲は四肢などに比べて反射を誘発し易いため,挿管時の鼻腔への刺激は最小限度に抑える必要がある。げっ歯類のような小動物では鼻腔が狭く,鼻孔及び鼻腔の形態が複雑で,鼻出血し易い。これらの問題があるので,従来の技術では,動物,特に小型動物に経鼻挿管を行うことは困難であるという問題点がある。
【0009】
本発明は,麻酔ガスの供給に伴うこれらの技術的困難を解決し,小動物に対しても容易に,しかも安全確実に挿管を行うことを可能にする動物用麻酔チューブを提供することを目的とする。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本願発明者は,鋭意研究の結果,経鼻挿管を可能にする動物用麻酔チューブに関する発明を完成し,上記課題を解決した。すなわち,
本発明は,鼻孔,鼻腔が湾曲し,狭窄する構造をもつ動物,例えばげっ歯類に対して粘膜を傷つけず,経鼻的に麻酔チューブを挿管し,目的とする部位までチューブ先端部の麻酔ガス供給孔を到達し,咽頭部に効率よく麻酔ガスを供給することによって,口腔内への歯科的,外科的処置を可能にするものである。さらに本研究では挿管する麻酔チューブの素材と形状に工夫を施したものである。本発明は,経鼻挿管チューブの構造,形態および素材を工夫することによって,鼻孔,鼻腔を損傷せず,確実に挿管可能な経鼻挿管を実現したものである。
【0011】
本発明にいう動物用麻酔チューブとは,動物に対して経鼻挿管をするための麻酔用チューブをいう。ここでいう動物は,ウサギ,奇蹄類(ウマなど),偶蹄類(イノシシ,反すう動物,ブタ,ラクダ科など),げっ歯類(ラット,モルモット,マウスなど),食虫類(トガリネズミなど),食肉類等(イヌ,ネコなど)の哺乳類である。
【0012】
本発明にいう麻酔用チューブとは,経鼻的にチューブを挿管し,麻酔マスクを使用することなく,口腔,および口腔周囲器官,組織へのアプローチを可能にするチューブである。
【0013】
本発明の動物用麻酔チューブは,麻酔ガスを供給する本体部と先端部とからなる。麻酔ガスを供給するチューブである本体部と,挿管を容易にし,挿管後のガス供給とチューブを安定する役割を持つ先端部からなる。
【0014】
本発明の麻酔チューブ本体部は,麻酔する動物の鼻孔,鼻腔を通過するために十分に細く柔軟で,挿管に必要な適度の剛性をもつ素材から作られる。具体的には,ポリ塩化ビニル,シリコン,ポリウレタン,形状記憶樹脂等の高分子素材が挙げられるが,そのほかに生体への害がなく,柔軟性,弾力性と適度の剛性をもつ素材であれば何でもよい。本発明の動物用麻酔チューブの先端部が本体部より細く形成するものであり,先端部が最先端部と麻酔ガスの供給孔からなるものであり,最先端部が球状であるものを含む。
【0015】
本発明の先端部分で使用する素材は柔軟性と弾力性を有する素材である。具体的には,高弾性シリコンが挙げられるが柔軟性,弾力性をもつ素材であれば何でもよい。もしくは,効率良くリドカインなどの表面麻酔ゼリーを染み込ませることができるスポンジ様の多孔質素材等でもよい。
本発明の動物用麻酔チューブは、前記の動物用麻酔チューブにバルーンを設けたものも含む。
【0016】
本発明の経鼻挿管法は,麻酔チューブを鼻孔から挿管し,咽頭部に麻酔ガスの供給孔を設置する方法である。
【0017】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を以下,図面に基づいて詳細に説明する。本発明の麻酔チューブを側面から描いた図を図1に示す。
本発明の麻酔チューブは先端部11とチューブ本体部12からなり、これにバルーン24をさらに取り付けたものである。先端部11は,最先端部21,麻酔ガスの供給孔22,先端部本体23からなる。
【0018】
先端部本体23をチューブ本体部12よりもやや細く作ることによって,挿管時に,湾曲した鼻孔,鼻腔を通過させることが容易になる。また,本体部,先端部ともに鼻孔,鼻腔を通過し,自発呼吸を妨げないように十分に細くなければならない。このときに単に細いというのみでは,表面積の減少したチューブ先端によって鼻腔粘膜は損傷しやすくなる。これを解決するために最先端部は21に示したように丸く球状に形成する。
【0019】
最先端部21は,球状に形成され,高弾性シリコン等の滑沢で弾力性の高い素材でコーティングされており,最先端部が鼻孔および鼻腔を通過する際に粘膜を損傷しにくい構造になっている。動物の鼻孔は直線的ではなく,くの字に湾曲しながら鼻腔へと続いている。また,鼻腔粘膜は外的刺激が加わると出血し,肥厚するため,鼻腔が狭窄して挿管が困難になり,自発呼吸を妨げる。最先端部が鼻粘膜に刺激を与えにくい構造にすることによってこれを防ぐことができる。
【0020】
麻酔ガスの供給孔22は,先端部本体23の側面に位置し,ガスを供給する際に先端方向へのガス圧を発生しない。これによって自発呼吸を妨げず,また,食道へガスを吹き込む事故を防ぐことができる。また,最先端部にガス供給孔を設けないことによって,挿入時に最も鼻粘膜との摩擦に曝される部分に凹部を作らないことによってよりスムーズに挿管することができる。なお,供給孔の数は1〜10個程度,大きさはチューブの直径の30%から10%程度で作り,比較的大型の動物を麻酔する際などのように麻酔ガスの供給量が多い場合など,供給孔の数が多くなるときはチューブ自体の強度を損ねないように側面に散在させて設置する。チューブ本体部12は動物の鼻孔,鼻腔よりも細く作られている。これによって鼻孔,鼻腔を通過する際の刺激は最小限度にすることができる。
【0021】
挿管の際にはリドカインゼリーなどの潤滑効果と粘性をもつ表面麻酔ゼリーを用いることによって摩擦は少なくなり,麻酔薬の効果によって刺激による反射が起きにくくなる。
【0022】
麻酔ガスの供給は22の供給孔から行う。先端部にガス供給孔を設けると気管方向へのガス圧が生じて自発呼吸を妨げるだけではなく,食道へ麻酔ガスを吹き込む事故を起こし易くなるが、22によって、これを防いでいる。また,最先端部は挿入時に最も鼻粘膜との摩擦に曝される部分であり,凹部を作ると摩擦が生じてしまう。そこで供給孔は最先端部からやや離れた側面に設置し,ガスはチューブ側面に向かって供給するようにする。
【0023】
(経鼻挿管の方法)
先端部に表面麻酔ゼリーを塗布する。
1.多くの動物では正中矢状面に対して外側に向かって開口した鼻孔があるが,ここにチューブの最先端部を挿入する。チューブの先端部,本体部ともに動物の矢状面方向へ方向を修正し,鼻腔に対してまっすぐ,徐々に挿管する。このとき鼻腔内に抵抗がある場合は,挿管するチューブの太さをより細いものに交換する。十分に注意し鼻粘膜に刺激を与えないようにすることによって,鼻出血,鼻粘膜の肥厚を引き起こし,挿管が困難になり,挿管後も自発呼吸を妨げるという自体を防ぐことができる。
2.管は先端部が動物の咽頭部に達するところまで行う。
3.げっ歯類などの小型動物でチューブの固定が必要な場合,図1の23に示したバルーンを鼻腔内に使用して固定する。
【0024】
〔実施例1〕(チューブの一例)
本発明の麻酔チューブを側面から描いた図を図1に示す。
本発明の麻酔チューブは先端部11と本体部12からなり、これにバルーン24をさらに取り付けたものである。
先端部11は,最先端部21,麻酔ガスの供給孔22,先端部本体23からなる。
チューブ本体部12にはバルーン24が設置されている。
先端部本体23を本体部12よりもやや細く作ることによって,挿管時に,湾曲した鼻孔,鼻腔を通過させることが容易になる。
最先端部21は,高弾性シリコン等の弾力性の高い素材でコーティングされており,最先端部が鼻孔および鼻腔を通過する際に粘膜を損傷しにくい構造になっている。
【0025】
〔実施例2〕(麻酔の一例)
実施例1のチューブを用いて8週齢ラットに適用した。このときの本体部の太さは直径0.8mm,最先端部の直径は0.7mmであった。予め密閉空間にて5%セボフルレンで麻酔したラットに対して,図1の麻酔チューブを片側の鼻孔に対して経鼻挿管した。挿管前に先端部11全体にキシロカインゼリーを塗布して鼻腔から25mm挿入し,咽頭部に先端部が留まるように設置した。10匹のラットに対してそれぞれ一回経鼻挿管を試みた。純酸素にセボフルレンを3−4%気化して,毎分0.5Lで供給し,呼吸管理は自発呼吸を期待し,特に人工的な処置をしなかった。全てのラットで挿管が成功し,安定した深麻酔に成功した。
【0026】
〔比較例1〕(麻酔の一例)
8週齢ラットにラットに口部と鼻孔を覆う麻酔マスクを装着し,自発呼吸下で40分間の麻酔を試みた。このときは口腔内への処置を行うことはできなかった。必要となった麻酔ガスの量は実施例2と同じ濃度の麻酔ガスを用いたときに必要な麻酔ガスの供給量は毎分3L以上にも及び,麻酔レベルのコントロールは困難であった。
【0027】
〔比較例2〕(麻酔の一例)
比較するための簡易な麻酔チューブの側面図を図3に示す。チューブは先端部と本体部に分けず,最先端部21を丸め,供給部を先端と側面の両方に設置するのみの構造とした。本体は全体がポリ塩化ビニルとした。このときの本体部の太さは直径1.0mmであった。
予め密閉空間にて5%セボフルレンで麻酔したラットに対して,図3の麻酔チューブを片側の鼻孔に対して経鼻挿管した。挿管前に最先端部21全体にキシロカインゼリーを塗布して鼻腔から25mm挿入し,咽頭部に先端部が留まるように設置した。8週齢ラット20匹のラットに対して一回の経鼻挿管を試みた。純酸素にセボフルレンを3−4%気化して,毎分0.25Lで供給し,呼吸管理は自発呼吸を期待し,特に人工的な処置をしなかった。チューブ自体は鼻孔,鼻腔に比べて十分に細かったものの,4匹のラットで挿管時に鼻腔との擦過によって鼻出血を起こし,粘膜が肥厚し,挿管できなくなった。11匹のラットでは食道に気圧がかかったために,胃へ麻酔ガスを吹き込む事故が起きたため,麻酔を中止した。残りの少数のラットでは挿管に成功したが,挿管時とその後の操作時にチューブが動いて固定できなかった。
【0028】
〔実施例3〕(チューブの一例)
本発明の麻酔チューブを側面から描いた図を図2に示す。
本発明の麻酔チューブは先端部11と本体部12からなる。
先端部11は,最先端部21,麻酔ガスの供給孔22,先端部本体23からなる。先端部の形状は実施例1と異なり,先端に行くにしたがって徐々に細くなっている。
最先端部21は,高弾性シリコン等の弾力性の高い素材でコーティングされており,最先端部が鼻孔および鼻腔を通過する際に粘膜を損傷しにくい構造になっている。
バルーンは設置しなかった。
【0029】
〔実施例4〕(麻酔の一例)
実施例3のチューブを用いて4匹の10週齢モルモットに経鼻挿管し,先端部を咽頭部に設置した。このときの本体部の太さは直径1mm,最先端部の直径は0.8mmであった。予め密閉空間にて5%エンフルレンで麻酔したラットに対して,図1の麻酔チューブを片側の鼻孔に対して経鼻挿管した。60分間深麻酔を維持し,歯の削合等の,刺激を伴う口腔内操作を毎日2週間行った。純酸素に3−5%のエンフルレンを3−4%気化し,毎分0.5〜1L供給し,呼吸管理は自発呼吸を期待し,特に人工的な処置をしなかった。口腔への刺激を伴う操作に対しても不動化は維持され,全ての個体が1週間生存した。ただしバルーンを設置した際にくらべ,操作時にチューブが動きやすかった。
【0030】
〔実施例5〕
実施例4のチューブを用いて2匹のネコに経鼻挿管し,先端部を咽頭部に設置した。60分間深麻酔を維持し,口腔内の観察と操作を行った。3−5%のイソフルレンを毎分1.0−1.5L供給し,呼吸管理は自発呼吸を期待し,特に人工的な処置をしなかった。口腔への刺激を伴う操作に対しても麻酔レベルは維持され,全ての個体が生存した。ただし実施例5と同様にバルーンを設置した際にくらべ,操作時にチューブが動きやすかった。
【0031】
〔実施例6〕
2匹のウサギに経鼻挿管し,先端部を咽頭部に設置した。予め麻酔マスクにて5%セボフルレンで麻酔したウサギに対して,図1の麻酔チューブを片側の鼻孔に対して経鼻挿管した。このときの本体部の太さは直径1.5mm,最先端部の直径は1mmであった。60分間深麻酔を維持し,口腔内の観察を行った。3−5%のセボフルレンによって麻酔を維持することが可能であり,口腔への刺激に対しても麻酔レベルは維持された。
【0032】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように本発明により,容易な経鼻挿管を可能にする経鼻挿管チューブが得られる。必要な麻酔ガスの供給量はガスマスク(マウス)を用いたときよりも減らすことができ,麻酔のコントロールも容易であった。また,口腔内への処置を行うことも可能になった。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のうちバルーンを設置した麻酔チューブの側面図である。
【図2】本発明のうちバルーンを設置しない麻酔チューブの側面図である。
【図3】従来使用されている麻酔チューブの側面図である。
【符号の説明】
11 先端部
12 チューブ本体
21 最先端部
22 ガス供給孔
23 先端部チューブ
24 バルーン
[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of anesthetizing an animal. More specifically, the present invention relates to a nasal anesthesia tube at the time of animal gas anesthesia.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-243950 (hereinafter referred to as Prior Art 1) states, "The intubation aid is used by fitting it into the tip of a commercially available endotracheal tube like a pencil cap. Because of the difficulty, it is desirable to take measures to prevent the end of the endotracheal tube from falling off, such as by gluing it to the outer surface of the end of the endotracheal tube, welding it, or fixing it with a magnet. However, it is also possible to integrally mold a substantially conical insertion section (Paragraph 0011 of Prior Art 2) ". Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-333982 (hereinafter referred to as “prior art 2”) discloses that “a tube connecting end connected to an anesthetic gas supply tube, and a conical opening extending from the connecting end to a divergent opening. An anesthesia gas inhalation mouse for anesthetizing an anesthesia by covering the mouth of an animal with the opening end of the conical opening, wherein the anesthesia gas inhalation mouse is a transparent or translucent member and fits in the mouth. It is characterized in that it is made of a member that has a softness and that can be cut and has a substantially conical or trumpet-shaped opening. A description is given of a method in which the opening at the tip of the opening is pressed against the mouth of the animal, and the anesthetic gas from the anesthetic gas source (not shown) is introduced into the mouth of the animal (paragraphs 0005 to 0007).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the method of inserting an endotracheal tube according to Prior Art 1 is sometimes used for medium-sized animals such as dogs and cats, but has a problem that intubation requires skill and is uncertain. There is a problem in that the mouth cannot be treated with the anesthetic gas inhalation mouse for animals of the prior art 2.
[0004]
In a tube conventionally used for endotracheal intubation from the oral cavity, for example, the endotracheal intubation tube of the prior art 1, the insertion portion is conical and sharp, so that it cannot pass through a curved nasal cavity. There is a problem. In addition, since the field of view and the surgical field are extremely small and narrow in rodents and other small animals, intubation while observing the larynx is more difficult than in medium-sized animals, and it is difficult to intubate the tracheal tube into the trachea. There is.
[0005]
In addition, in intubation from the oral cavity as seen in the endotracheal intubation tube of the prior art 1, since the tube passes through the oral cavity, the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx in dentistry, dental oral surgery, nasopharyngeal procedures, etc. There is a problem that various treatments are obstructed.
[0006]
Alternatively, in the case of gas supply using an anesthetic gas inhalation mouse (mask) for an animal which puts anesthesia on the mouth of an animal as seen in the prior art 2, it is impossible to perform all intraoral and perioral treatments. There are points. In addition, there is a problem that it is difficult to precisely control the depth of anesthesia because anesthesia gas leaks inevitably during operation.
[0007]
Alternatively, in a method in which the chamber is filled with anesthetic gas and anesthesia is performed therein, the entire concentration of the anesthetic gas in the chamber must be changed in order to control the concentration of the anesthetic gas in accordance with the depth of anesthesia. Is used more than necessary, resulting in poor economic efficiency.
[0008]
In order to solve the above problems, transnasal intubation is conceivable, but it is necessary to minimize irritation to the nasal cavity during intubation because the mouth is more likely to induce reflexes than limbs. There is. In small animals such as rodents, the nasal cavity is narrow, the shape of the nostrils and nasal cavity is complicated, and nose bleeding is likely to occur. Due to these problems, it is difficult to perform nasal intubation on animals, especially small animals, with the conventional technology.
[0009]
An object of the present invention is to provide an anesthesia tube for animals that solves these technical difficulties associated with the supply of anesthesia gas and enables easy and safe intubation for small animals. I do.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of earnest research, the inventor of the present application has completed an invention relating to an anesthesia tube for animals that enables nasal intubation, and has solved the above problems. That is,
The present invention relates to an animal having a structure in which the nostrils and nasal cavities are curved and narrowed, such as rodents, without damaging the mucous membrane, transnasally inserting an anesthesia tube, and anesthetizing the tube tip to a target site. By reaching the gas supply hole and efficiently supplying the anesthetic gas to the pharynx, dental and surgical procedures in the oral cavity are enabled. Furthermore, in this study, the material and shape of the anesthesia tube to be intubated were devised. The present invention realizes a nasal intubation that can be reliably intubated without damaging the nares and nasal cavity by devising the structure, form and material of the nasal intubation tube.
[0011]
The animal anesthesia tube according to the present invention refers to an anesthesia tube for nasal intubation of an animal. The animals mentioned here are rabbits, horseshoes (horses, etc.), artiodactyls (boars, ruminants, pigs, camelids, etc.), rodents (rats, guinea pigs, mice, etc.), and insectivorous animals (shrews, etc.) , Mammals such as meat, dogs and cats.
[0012]
The tube for anesthesia referred to in the present invention is a tube that enables the approach to the oral cavity and the peroral organs and tissues without using an anesthesia mask.
[0013]
The animal anesthesia tube of the present invention comprises a main body for supplying anesthetic gas and a tip. It consists of a main body that is a tube that supplies anesthesia gas, and a tip that plays a role in facilitating intubation and stabilizing the gas supply and tube after intubation.
[0014]
The body of the anesthesia tube of the present invention is made of a material that is thin and flexible enough to pass through the nostrils and nasal cavities of the animal to be anesthetized and has appropriate rigidity required for intubation. Specific examples include polymer materials such as polyvinyl chloride, silicon, polyurethane, and shape memory resin. Other materials that have no harm to living organisms and that have flexibility, elasticity, and appropriate rigidity Anything is fine. The distal end portion of the animal anesthesia tube of the present invention is formed thinner than the main body portion, and the distal end portion includes a distal end portion and a supply hole for anesthetic gas, and includes a distal end portion having a spherical shape.
[0015]
The material used in the tip portion of the present invention is a material having flexibility and elasticity. Specifically, high elasticity silicon can be used, but any material having flexibility and elasticity may be used. Alternatively, a sponge-like porous material that can efficiently impregnate surface anesthetic jelly such as lidocaine may be used.
The animal anesthesia tube of the present invention also includes an animal anesthesia tube provided with a balloon.
[0016]
The nasal intubation method of the present invention is a method in which an anesthesia tube is intubated through a nostril and a supply hole for anesthetic gas is provided in a pharynx.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a side view of the anesthesia tube of the present invention.
The anesthesia tube of the present invention comprises a distal end portion 11 and a tube main body portion 12, to which a balloon 24 is further attached. The distal end portion 11 includes a distal end portion 21, an anesthetic gas supply hole 22, and a distal end portion main body 23.
[0018]
By making the distal end portion main body 23 slightly thinner than the tube main body portion 12, it becomes easy to pass through the curved nares and nasal cavities during intubation. In addition, both the body and the tip must pass through the nostrils and nasal cavities and be thin enough so as not to interfere with spontaneous breathing. At this time, simply by being thin, the nasal mucosa is easily damaged by the tube tip having a reduced surface area. In order to solve this, the tip portion is formed in a round and spherical shape as shown in FIG.
[0019]
The distal end portion 21 is formed in a spherical shape and is coated with a lubricious and elastic material such as high-elasticity silicon, so that the distal end portion is less likely to damage mucous membranes when passing through the nostrils and nasal passages. ing. The animal's nostrils are not straight, but instead curve in a V-shape to the nasal cavity. In addition, the nasal mucosa bleeds and thickens when an external stimulus is applied, and constricts the nasal cavity, making it difficult to intubate and hinders spontaneous respiration. This can be prevented by making the tip of the nasal mucosa difficult to stimulate.
[0020]
The anesthetic gas supply hole 22 is located on the side surface of the distal end body 23 and does not generate gas pressure in the distal direction when supplying gas. This will not interfere with spontaneous breathing and will prevent accidents of blowing gas into the esophagus. In addition, since the gas supply hole is not provided at the foremost end, the intubation can be performed more smoothly by not forming a concave portion in the portion most exposed to friction with the nasal mucosa at the time of insertion. The number of supply holes is about 1 to 10 and the size is about 30% to 10% of the diameter of the tube. When the supply of anesthetic gas is large, such as when anesthesia of a relatively large animal, etc. When the number of supply holes increases, for example, the tubes are scattered on the side so as not to impair the strength of the tube itself. The tube body 12 is made thinner than the nostrils and nasal passages of the animal. This minimizes irritation when passing through the nostrils and nasal passages.
[0021]
During intubation, friction is reduced by using a lubricating effect such as lidocaine jelly and a viscous surface anesthetic jelly, and the effects of anesthetics make it difficult for stimulus reflection to occur.
[0022]
The supply of the anesthetic gas is performed from 22 supply holes. If a gas supply hole is provided at the distal end, gas pressure in the direction of the trachea is generated, which not only prevents spontaneous respiration, but also easily causes an accident of injecting anesthetic gas into the esophagus. In addition, the most distal portion is the portion most exposed to friction with the nasal mucosa at the time of insertion, and when a concave portion is formed, friction occurs. Therefore, the supply hole is installed on the side slightly away from the foremost part, and gas is supplied toward the tube side.
[0023]
(Method of nasal intubation)
Apply a surface anesthetic jelly to the tip.
1. Most animals have a nostril that opens outwards from the mid-sagittal plane, where the distal end of the tube is inserted. Both the distal end and the main body of the tube are corrected in the sagittal direction of the animal, and the tube is intubated straight and gradually into the nasal cavity. At this time, if there is resistance in the nasal cavity, replace the tube to be intubated with a thinner one. Careful attention and no irritation to the nasal mucosa can prevent nasal bleeding and thickening of the nasal mucosa, making it difficult to intubate and preventing spontaneous respiration after intubation.
2. The tube is extended until the tip reaches the pharynx of the animal.
3. When it is necessary to fix a tube in a small animal such as a rodent, the balloon shown in FIG. 1 is fixed in the nasal cavity using a balloon.
[0024]
[Example 1] (Example of tube)
FIG. 1 shows a side view of the anesthesia tube of the present invention.
The anesthesia tube of the present invention comprises a distal end portion 11 and a main body portion 12 and further has a balloon 24 attached thereto.
The distal end portion 11 includes a distal end portion 21, an anesthetic gas supply hole 22, and a distal end portion main body 23.
A balloon 24 is provided in the tube body 12.
By making the tip main body 23 slightly thinner than the main body 12, it becomes easy to pass through the curved nares and nasal cavities during intubation.
The distal end portion 21 is coated with a highly elastic material such as high elasticity silicon, and has a structure in which the mucous membrane is unlikely to be damaged when the distal end portion passes through a nostril and a nasal cavity.
[0025]
[Example 2] (Example of anesthesia)
The tube of Example 1 was applied to an 8-week-old rat. At this time, the thickness of the main body was 0.8 mm in diameter, and the diameter of the foremost part was 0.7 mm. For a rat previously anesthetized with 5% sevoflurane in an enclosed space, the anesthesia tube of FIG. 1 was intranasally intubated into one nostril. Before intubation, xylocaine jelly was applied to the entire distal end portion 11 and inserted into the nasal cavity by 25 mm, so that the distal end portion remained in the pharynx. Nasal intubation was attempted once for each of 10 rats. Sevoflurane was vaporized in pure oxygen at a rate of 3-4% and supplied at a rate of 0.5 L / min. Respiratory management expected spontaneous respiration, and no special treatment was performed. Intubation was successful in all rats, and stable deep anesthesia was achieved.
[0026]
[Comparative Example 1] (Example of anesthesia)
An anesthesia mask covering the mouth and nares was attached to the 8-week-old rat, and anesthesia was attempted for 40 minutes under spontaneous respiration. At this time, no treatment could be performed in the oral cavity. The required amount of anesthetic gas required when using the same concentration of anesthetic gas as in Example 2 was 3 L / min or more, and it was difficult to control the anesthetic level.
[0027]
[Comparative Example 2] (Example of anesthesia)
FIG. 3 shows a side view of a simple anesthesia tube for comparison. The tube is not divided into a tip portion and a main body portion, but has a structure in which the leading end portion 21 is rounded, and the supply portion is installed only on both the tip end and the side surface. The whole body was made of polyvinyl chloride. At this time, the thickness of the main body was 1.0 mm in diameter.
For a rat previously anesthetized with 5% sevoflurane in a closed space, the anesthesia tube of FIG. 3 was intranasally intubated into one nostril. Before intubation, xylocaine jelly was applied to the entire distal end portion 21 and inserted 25 mm from the nasal cavity, and placed so that the distal end stayed in the pharynx. One nasal intubation was attempted on 20 8-week-old rats. Sevoflurane was vaporized in pure oxygen at a rate of 3-4% and supplied at a rate of 0.25 L / min, and respiratory management expected spontaneous respiration, and no special treatment was performed. Although the tube itself was sufficiently small compared to the nostrils and nasal cavity, nose bleeding was caused by rubbing with the nasal cavity during intubation in four rats, and the mucous membrane was thickened and could not be intubated. In 11 rats, anesthesia was stopped because anesthesia gas was blown into the stomach due to pressure on the esophagus. In the remaining few rats, intubation was successful, but the tube moved during intubation and subsequent manipulations and could not be fixed.
[0028]
[Example 3] (Example of tube)
FIG. 2 shows a side view of the anesthesia tube of the present invention.
The anesthesia tube of the present invention includes a distal end portion 11 and a main body portion 12.
The distal end portion 11 includes a distal end portion 21, an anesthetic gas supply hole 22, and a distal end portion main body 23. Unlike the first embodiment, the shape of the tip is gradually narrowed toward the tip.
The distal end portion 21 is coated with a highly elastic material such as high elasticity silicon, and has a structure in which the mucous membrane is unlikely to be damaged when the distal end portion passes through a nostril and a nasal cavity.
No balloon was installed.
[0029]
[Example 4] (Example of anesthesia)
Four 10-week-old guinea pigs were intranasally intubated using the tube of Example 3, and the tips were placed on the pharynx. At this time, the thickness of the main body was 1 mm in diameter, and the diameter of the foremost part was 0.8 mm. For a rat previously anesthetized with 5% enflurane in a closed space, the anesthesia tube of FIG. 1 was intranasally intubated into one nostril. Deep anesthesia was maintained for 60 minutes, and intraoral operations involving irritation such as grinding of teeth were performed daily for 2 weeks. Evaporation of 3-5% of enflurane in pure oxygen was performed at a rate of 3 to 4%, and 0.5 to 1 L / min was supplied. Immobilization was maintained even with manipulation involving oral irritation, and all individuals survived for one week. However, the tube was easier to move during operation than when the balloon was installed.
[0030]
[Example 5]
Two cats were transnasally intubated using the tube of Example 4, and the tip was placed on the pharynx. After maintaining deep anesthesia for 60 minutes, observation and manipulation in the oral cavity were performed. 1.0-1.5 L / min of 3-5% isoflurane was supplied per minute, and the respiratory management expected spontaneous breathing, and no special treatment was performed. The level of anesthesia was maintained for operations involving oral irritation, and all individuals survived. However, the tube was easier to move during operation than when the balloon was installed as in Example 5.
[0031]
[Example 6]
Two rabbits were intranasally intubated and the tips were placed on the pharynx. For a rabbit previously anesthetized with 5% sevoflurane with an anesthesia mask, the anesthesia tube of FIG. 1 was transnasally intubated into one nostril. At this time, the thickness of the main body was 1.5 mm, and the diameter of the foremost part was 1 mm. Deep anesthesia was maintained for 60 minutes, and intraoral observation was performed. It was possible to maintain anesthesia with 3-5% sevoflurane, and the level of anesthesia was maintained even when stimulating the oral cavity.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a nasal intubation tube that enables easy nasal intubation is obtained. The required supply of anesthetic gas could be reduced compared to when a gas mask (mouse) was used, and the control of anesthesia was easy. In addition, it has become possible to perform treatments in the oral cavity.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of an anesthesia tube provided with a balloon according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of an anesthesia tube without a balloon according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a side view of a conventionally used anesthesia tube.
[Explanation of symbols]
11 tip 12 tube body 21 tip 22 gas supply hole 23 tip tube 24 balloon

Claims (8)

麻酔ガスを供給する本体部と先端部とからなる動物用麻酔チューブ。An animal anesthesia tube comprising a main body for supplying anesthetic gas and a tip. 先端部が本体部より細く形成する請求項1記載の動物用麻酔チューブ。The animal anesthesia tube according to claim 1, wherein the distal end portion is formed thinner than the main body portion. 先端部が最先端部と麻酔ガスの供給孔を有する請求項1または請求項2に記載の動物用麻酔チューブ。The animal anesthesia tube according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the distal end portion has a distal end portion and a supply hole for anesthetic gas. 最先端部が球面状である請求項1から請求項3のいずれかに記載の動物用麻酔チューブ。The animal anesthesia tube according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the distal end portion is spherical. 先端部の素材が本体部の素材よりも柔軟な素材でコーティングされた請求項1から請求項4のいずれかに記載の動物用麻酔チューブ。The animal anesthesia tube according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material of the distal end portion is coated with a material that is more flexible than the material of the main body portion. 先端部に麻酔ゼリーなどを染み込ませることが可能な柔軟なスポンジ様素材をコーティングした請求項1から請求項5のいずれかに記載の動物用麻酔チューブ。The animal anesthesia tube according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the distal end portion is coated with a soft sponge-like material capable of impregnating an anesthetic jelly or the like. バルーンを設けた請求項1から請求項6のいずれかに記載の動物用麻酔チューブ。The animal anesthesia tube according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a balloon. 麻酔チューブを動物の鼻孔から挿管し,咽頭部で固定する麻酔方法。An anesthesia method in which an anesthesia tube is intubated from the nostril of an animal and fixed at the pharynx.
JP2002244417A 2002-08-23 2002-08-23 Animal anesthetization tube and nasal intubation in animal anesthetization Pending JP2004081370A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007125354A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-05-24 Tetsumaru Miyawaki Anesthetic device and anesthesia method
US10064713B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2018-09-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Fixing device for endotracheal intubation of rodents
CN112315478A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-05 徐州医科大学 Smell stimulation and electrophysiological recording device for small animal coupled respiration

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2007125354A (en) * 2005-10-07 2007-05-24 Tetsumaru Miyawaki Anesthetic device and anesthesia method
US10064713B2 (en) 2012-12-13 2018-09-04 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Fixing device for endotracheal intubation of rodents
CN112315478A (en) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-05 徐州医科大学 Smell stimulation and electrophysiological recording device for small animal coupled respiration

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