JP2004077521A - Playing information preparation device, playing information recording device, and keyboard musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a playing information preparation device capable of easily preparing detailed playing information while suppressing the amount of data, a playing information recording device, and a keyboard musical instrument. <P>SOLUTION: A keyboard musical instrument 100 is equipped with keys 130, hammers 42, pedals 150, and dampers 160 as moving members which move according to player's operations. The keyboard musical instrument 100 is further provided with key sensors 310, hammer sensors 410, pedal sensors 510, and damper sensors 610 for detecting the positions of the respective moving members between rest positions and end positions corresponding to the individual moving members. The keyboard musical instrument 100 prepares information indicating the time-series positions of the moving members detected by the respective sensors according to the operation states of respective driving members. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2004,JPO

Description

[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a performance information generating device for generating performance information on a keyboard instrument, a performance information recording device for recording performance information, and a keyboard instrument provided with the performance information generating device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various configurations have been known as devices for generating performance information indicating a performance operation of a keyboard instrument performed by a player. For example, there is known an apparatus that generates performance information as MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface) data that can define the pitch and velocity (key pressing speed) of a musical tone. As another form, a waveform measuring instrument (for example, an oscillograph) for measuring the position of a performance operator such as a key is connected to a keyboard instrument, and the time-series positions of the performance operator measured by the waveform measuring instrument are measured. A system that generates performance information by sampling the waveform shown is conceivable. Further, as another form, a musical tone generated from a keyboard instrument during performance is sampled by a microphone or the like, and a performance operation corresponding to the musical tone is identified from the sampled musical tone to generate performance information. Is also conceivable.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these devices have the following problems. First, in a device that generates performance information as MIDI data, the MIDI data cannot express a delicate performance operation such as a half-stroke, so that the MIDI data cannot sufficiently express the nuances of musical tones. Was. In the case of MIDI data, information on each operator is stored in a mixed manner. For this reason, when performing a performance operation or the like focusing on a specific operation element, a complicated operation is required. Further, when a performance of an automatic performance keyboard instrument is performed according to event data such as MIDI data, a complicated conversion process from the event data to data for driving a performance operator is required.
[0004]
In a device for sampling the waveform of a performance control using a waveform measurement device, the waveform measurement device generally measures a single channel waveform. In order to perform the measurement, the number of waveform measuring devices required is equal to the number of performance operators (for example, 88 for a key). Further, the waveform measuring instrument is not usually configured in a format specification for musical instruments. As a result, there is a problem that the equipment becomes large-scale and the cost is high. Moreover, if the sampling frequency is increased, performance information indicating detailed performance operations can be obtained, but there is a problem that the data amount increases.
[0005]
In the case of a device that generates performance information by associating performance operations with sampled musical tones, it is difficult to associate performance operations with musical tones. In particular, output is performed when a plurality of performance operators are simultaneously operated. There is a high possibility that the correspondence between the performed musical sound and the performance operation will be incorrect.
[0006]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to provide a performance information generating apparatus and a performance information generating device capable of easily generating detailed performance information while suppressing the data amount. A recording device and a keyboard instrument are provided.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, a performance information generating device according to the present invention is provided on a keyboard instrument, and for a moving member that moves in response to an operation of an operator, continuously calculates a physical quantity related to the movement from a rest position to an end position. Detecting means for detecting, physical quantity information generating means for outputting physical quantity information based on the physical quantity detected by the detecting means, and whether the moving member is moving based on the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means Determining means for determining whether or not the moving member is determined by using the physical quantity detected by the physical quantity detecting means or the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means if the determination result by the determining means is positive; The performance information indicating the physical quantity for each fixed time is generated, and if the determination result is negative, the performance information is detected by the physical quantity detection unit. Performance information generating means for generating performance information indicating that the moving member is not moving, using the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity or the physical quantity information generating means and at least a period during which the moving member is not moving; It is characterized by having a configuration including:
[0008]
According to such a configuration, the performance information reflects the operation state of the moving member in response to the performance operation in detail, and the performance information includes subtle nuances. If the moving member has not moved, the performance information is generated using a period in which the position of the moving member has not changed. As a result, the data amount of the performance information is reduced as compared with the performance information composed of information indicating the position of the moving member at fixed time intervals.
[0009]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
<Mechanical structure of keyboard instruments>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a mechanical configuration of a keyboard musical instrument according to the present embodiment. As shown in this figure, the keyboard instrument 100 is provided with a shelf board 110. On the upper surface of the shelf board 110, a reed 120 is arranged so as to extend in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface. A plurality of balance pins 125 are erected on the upper surface of the reed 120, and each of the 88 keys 130 is juxtaposed on the upper surface of the reed 120 while being passed through each balance pin 125. I have. These keys 130 are assigned note numbers ranging from “1” to “88” indicating the pitch. Each key 130 is swingably held at a position penetrated by the balance pin 125 as an approximate fulcrum, and the player performs (presses) a key by pressing the front of the key 130.
[0011]
In the vicinity of the rear of the key 130, an action mechanism 140 that is driven according to the swing of the key 130 is provided. The action mechanism 140 includes 88 hammers 142 to which note numbers from “1” to “88” are assigned, and the hammer 142 strikes the string 170 in conjunction with key depression. When the string 170 is struck by the hammer 142, string vibration occurs, and the vibration propagates through a piece (not shown) to a soundboard (not shown) to generate a musical sound.
[0012]
By the way, the player (operator) performs various kinds of key operations to express subtle nuances even if the key is depressed for one key 130. More specifically, the player not only varies the key-pressing speed for each key-press, but also performs various key-presses, such as a key-press that is slower and gradually faster at the beginning, and a key-press in the opposite direction. Perform key operation. In addition, a rendition style such as a half stroke for starting key release before the key 130 reaches an end position (a position where the key 130 is fully pressed) is also used. The action mechanism 140 strikes a string in response to these subtle differences in key operation, and as a result, emits a musical tone corresponding to the subtle differences in key operation.
[0013]
However, when the performance information is generated as MIDI data, for example, for a key pressing operation, the time required for the key to move a distance between two points is detected, and the key is detected based on the distance between the two points and the detected time. The obtained speed is defined as the velocity of the key press operation. For this reason, in MIDI data, only a single velocity is defined for one key press operation, and only a part of the performance operation is reflected. Therefore, the subtle nuances of the performers could not be sufficiently expressed.
[0014]
Therefore, the keyboard instrument 100 serves as a key sensor for detecting a key operation in order to generate performance information in which subtle nuances are reflected, so that the key 130 continuously moves from a rest position (key released position) to an end position. It has a sensor for detecting the position. More specifically, a support member 300 for supporting the key sensor 310 is provided above the key 130. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the key sensor 310 and the key 130. As shown in this figure, the key sensor 310 is provided at a position facing the detected member 135 disposed on the upper surface of each key 130 so as to correspond to each of the 88 keys 130.
[0015]
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of the key sensor 310. As shown in the figure, the key sensor 310 includes a light emitting element 312 and a light receiving element 314. The light emitting element 312 irradiates the detection member 135 with light. On the other hand, the light receiving element 314 receives reflected light of the light emitted from the light emitting element 312 to the detected member 135. The key sensor 310 detects the distance to the detected member 135 in 0.001 mm units according to the amount of light received by the light receiving element 314.
[0016]
When the key 130 is depressed, the detected member 135 moves downward as indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIGS. The key sensor 310 continuously detects the position of the key 130 by detecting the distance from the key sensor 310 to the detected member 135. Thereby, the position of the key 130 can be continuously detected from the rest position to the end position. By employing such a key sensor 310, it is possible to accurately detect a delicate key operation by a player and generate performance information reflecting a delicate nuance from the detected value.
[0017]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of the hammer 142 and its surroundings. As shown in the figure, a hammer shank 143 is attached to a hammer flange 146 included in the action mechanism 140 so as to be rotatable around a pin 144 as a fulcrum. The hammer shank 143 holds the hammer 142 via the hammer wood 141. When a key is pressed, the hammer shank 143 rotates counterclockwise to a position shown by a two-dot chain line in the figure, and the hammer 142 strikes a string.
[0018]
The detected member 145 is fixed to the upper surface of the hammer shank 143. Above the hammer shank 143, a support member 400 for supporting 88 hammer sensors 410 corresponding to the 88 hammers 142 is provided. The hammer sensor 410 has a configuration similar to that of the key sensor 310 described above, and detects the position of the detected member 145 installed on the corresponding hammer shank 143 in units of 0.001 mm. At this time, the hammer sensor 410 continuously detects the position of the hammer 142 from the rest position (position at the time of key release) to the end position (string striking position). Accordingly, the operation of the hammer 142 is detected without missing a subtle change in the operation of the hammer 142.
[0019]
The description is returned to FIG. Below the keyboard instrument 100, three pedals 150 are swingably provided. More specifically, a damper pedal, a soft pedal, and a sostenuto pedal are provided, and “1”, “2”, and “3” are assigned as pedal numbers in this order. Above each pedal 150, a support member 500 for supporting three pedal sensors 510 corresponding to the three pedals is provided. These pedal sensors 510 detect the position of the corresponding pedal 150 in 0.001 mm units, similarly to the key sensor 310 described above. At this time, the pedal sensor 510 continuously detects the pedal position from the rest position (the state where the pedal is not depressed) to the end position (the position where the pedal is depressed).
[0020]
Also, 88 dampers 160 are provided corresponding to each of the plurality of strings 170, and each damper 160 is assigned a note number from “1” to “88” indicating the pitch. Each of the dampers 160 is positioned so as to contact the string 170 when the key is released, while only the damper 160 corresponding to the pressed key 130 is separated from the string 170 when the key is pressed. However, when the damper pedal is depressed, all the dampers 160 move upward according to the amount of depression of the damper pedal and separate from the strings 170. Thereby, the sound of the musical tone is enriched by the effect of the overtone. Conversely, when the depression of the damper pedal is released, the damper 160 comes into contact with the string 170, and the string vibration is attenuated. As a result, sound is suppressed.
[0021]
Above the dampers 160, a support member 600 that supports 88 damper sensors 610 corresponding to each damper 160 is provided. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the damper 160 and its peripheral configuration. As shown in this figure, when the damper pedal is depressed, the damper 160 moves upward as indicated by the two-dot chain line in accordance with the depression amount. The damper sensor 610 has the same configuration as the above-described key sensor 310, detects the position of the detection target member 165 provided on the upper surface of the damper 160, and detects the position of the damper 160 in 0.001 mm units. Thus, it is possible to generate performance information that expresses in detail whether or not the damper 160 that affects sound attenuation is in contact with the string 170.
[0022]
<Electrical composition of keyboard instruments>
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an electrical configuration of the keyboard instrument 100. In this figure, a CPU 200 controls each component via a bus B. The RAM 210 is used as a work area of the CPU 200, and temporarily stores time data and the like described later. The ROM 220 records various programs such as a program for the CPU 200 to execute performance information generation / recording processing. Here, the performance information generation / recording process refers to detecting the positions of four types of moving members (key 130, hammer 142, pedal 150 and damper 160) during the performance of the player on the keyboard instrument 100, and This is a process for generating and recording performance information indicating the operation of.
[0023]
The operation unit 230 includes a switch for inputting various operations by the user, and sends a start signal for instructing the start of the performance information generation / recording process, an end signal for instructing the end of the process, and the like via the bus B. It is supplied to the CPU 200.
The clock unit 240 supplies time information indicating the current time to the CPU 200. When receiving the time information, the CPU 200 generates time data indicating the moving period of the moving member, speed data indicating the speed of the moving member, and the like using the information.
[0024]
Each of the 88 key sensors 310 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each key 130 to the A / D converter 250K. Upon receiving the analog position signal from each key sensor 310, the A / D converter 250K converts the signal into a digital signal and supplies the signal to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0025]
Each of the 88 hammer sensors 410 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each hammer 142 to the A / D converter 250H. Upon receiving the analog position signal from each hammer sensor 410, the A / D converter 250H converts the signal into a digital signal and supplies it to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0026]
Each of the three pedal sensors 510 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each pedal 150 to the A / D converter 250P. Upon receiving the analog position signal from each pedal sensor 510, the A / D converter 250P converts the signal into a digital signal and supplies the digital signal to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0027]
Each of the 88 damper sensors 610 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each damper 160 to the A / D converter 250H. Upon receiving the analog position signal from each damper sensor 610, the A / D converter 250H converts the signal into a digital signal and supplies it to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0028]
When the CPU 200 receives the digital position signals from the A / D converters 250K, 250H, 250P, and 250D and the time information from the clock 240, the CPU 200 uses the information to move the moving distance of each moving member, The time required for moving by the distance, the moving speed, and the like are obtained, and a file for each moving member in which the position of each moving member is defined in time series is generated as performance information. At this time, the CPU 200 generates a file for each moving member for each of the key 130, the hammer 142, and the damper 160 for each note number, and for the pedal 150, for each pedal number.
[0029]
The storage unit 260 is a rewritable storage unit such as a hard disk, and stores a performance information folder and the like. Here, the performance information folder is a file that is recorded in the storage unit 260 for each song and stores files for each moving member corresponding to all moving members as performance information of the song.
[0030]
FIG. 8 is a view showing the structure of one moving member file stored in the performance information folder. As shown in this figure, the moving member-specific file f roughly includes an attribute data group and a position / time data group. The attribute data group stores information indicating which moving member file f corresponds to the moving member file f, and the like. On the other hand, the position / time data group stores information in which the position of the moving member is defined in time series, that is, information indicating the operation of the moving member. Hereinafter, details of the data elements included in the attribute data group and the position / time data group will be described.
[0031]
The attribute data group includes note ID / pedal ID, moving member ID, lower period L, and upper period H as data elements. The moving member ID is information for specifying the type of the moving member, and is information indicating which of the key 130, the hammer 142, the pedal 150, and the damper 160 the moving member file f corresponds to. When the type of the moving member is specified to any of the key 130, the hammer 142, and the damper 160 based on the moving member ID, the note ID / pedal ID is the moving member file f corresponding to which note number. Indicates that the type of the moving member is the pedal 150, and indicates which pedal corresponds to the moving member file f corresponding to which pedal.
[0032]
The lower period L and the upper period H represent a sampling period used for generating a position / time data group by using these two. Each of the lower period L and the upper period H can be set by the player, and a different sampling period can be set for each moving member via the operation unit 230.
[0033]
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a format of a data element included in the attribute data group. As shown in this figure, each data element is defined as 16-bit data. First, as the moving member ID, “11000001 0000” as its identifier is stored in the upper 12 bits, and “0001” indicating the key 130 and “0010” indicating the hammer 142 are stored in the lower 4 bits indicated by “wwwwww”. , "001" indicating the damper 160 and "0000" indicating the pedal 150 are stored.
[0034]
In the note ID / pedal ID, “1100 0000” as an identifier thereof is stored in upper 8 bits, and information for specifying a note number or a pedal is stored in lower 8 bits indicated by “kkkk kkkkk”. . More specifically, the lower 8 bits include any one of “0000 0001 (1 in decimal notation)” to “0101 1000 (88 in decimal notation)” indicating the note number, or “Loud pedal”. One of “1000 0000”, “1000 0010” indicating the sostenuto pedal, and “1000 0011” indicating the shift pedal is stored.
[0035]
In the lower period L, "1100 0010" as its identifier is stored in the upper 8 bits, and "t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L The information indicating the lower 8 bits of the sampling period is stored in the lower 8 bits indicated by "." On the other hand, in the upper cycle H, “1100 0011” as its identifier is stored in the upper 8 bits, _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H The information indicating the upper 8 bits of the sampling period is stored in the lower 8 bits indicated by "." Thus, the sampling period is 16 bits “t”. _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L ". Here, one bit of the sampling period indicates 0.001 mS, and a period from 0.000 mS to 65.535 mS can be expressed in units of 0.001 mS depending on the sampling period.
[0036]
The sampling cycle may be defined by only the lower cycle L or only the upper cycle H. More specifically, when only the lower period L is used, the sampling period is 8-bit “t”. _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L t _L , And a period from 0.001 mS to 0.255 mS can be expressed in units of 0.001 mS. On the other hand, when only the upper cycle H is used, the sampling cycle is “t” of 16 bits. _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H t _H 0000 0000 ”, and a period from 0.256 mS to 65.280 mS can be expressed in 0.256 mS units.
[0037]
In FIG. 8 again, the moving member ID included in the attribute data group indicates “0001” by the lower 4 bits, and the note ID / pedal ID indicates “60” in decimal notation by the lower 8 bits. . The sampling cycle is defined as “0000 0011 1110 1000” from the lower cycle L and the upper cycle H, and indicates “1000” in decimal notation. From these, it is specified that the file f for each moving member is the moving member file f for the key 130 having the note number “60”, and the sampling cycle used in the position / time data group is “1 mS”. It is specified that there is.
[0038]
Following such an attribute data group, a position / time data group is stored. The position / time data group includes position data, speed data, and time data as data elements. Among them, the position data is data indicating the position of the moving member. The speed data is data indicating the speed of the moving member within a certain period. The time data is data indicating a period during which the moving member has moved at a constant speed or stopped.
[0039]
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a format of each data element of the position / time data. As shown in the figure, in the position data, “00” is stored as the identifier in the upper two bits, and information indicating the position of the moving member is stored in the lower 14 bits indicated by “xx xxxx xxxx xxxx”. Is done. One bit of the position data indicates 0.001 mm, and the position data can represent a position in 1634 steps from -4.096 mm to 12.287 mm.
[0040]
In the speed data, “01” is stored in the upper two bits as its identifier, and information indicating the speed of the moving member is stored in the lower 14 bits indicated by “vv vvvv vvvv vvvv”. One bit of the speed data indicates 1 mm / S.
[0041]
In the time data, “10” is stored as the identifier in the upper two bits, and information indicating the time is stored in the lower 14 bits indicated by “tt ttttt ttttt tttt”. Here, one bit of the time data indicates 0.001 mS, and the time data can represent a time from 0.000 mS to 16.383 mS.
[0042]
Each of these position data, time data, and speed data is information that defines the position of the moving member in time series by being arranged according to any one of the fixed-period array, the constant-speed array, and the stop array. . The CPU 200 generates one of the arrays in accordance with the operation status of the three types of moving members, and stores the array in the position / time data group.
[0043]
FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are diagrams showing three types of operation states of the moving member. In these figures, the vertical axis indicates the position of the moving member. The horizontal axis is the time axis, and one scale on the horizontal axis indicates one sampling period. First, as shown in FIG. 11A, when the moving member is moving at a non-constant speed, that is, at a speed at which the acceleration is not zero, the CPU 200 generates a periodic array and generates position / time data. Store in groups. More specifically, in the fixed-period array, as shown in FIG. 8, the position data is arranged continuously. In this array, each position data sequentially indicates the position of the moving member every time a fixed period (sampling cycle) elapses.
[0044]
Next, as shown in FIG. 11B, when the moving member is moving at a constant speed, the CPU 200 generates a constant speed array and stores it in the position / time data group. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, in the constant velocity array, position data, velocity data, and time data are arranged in this order. In this arrangement, it indicates that the moving member has moved from the position indicated by the position data at the speed indicated by the speed data for the period indicated by the time data. According to such a data notation method, even when the moving member is moving at a constant speed for a long time, the situation can be expressed by only three element data. For example, FIG. 11A is compared with FIG. In the case of a fixed-period array, to represent the operation of the moving member during the period t (20 times the sampling period), it is necessary to arrange 20 position data. On the other hand, according to the constant-velocity array, an operation during the same period can be expressed by an array of only three data elements. As a result, the data amount is significantly reduced as compared with a format in which the positions of the moving members are arranged for each sampling cycle (fixed-cycle arrangement).
[0045]
Then, as shown in FIG. 11C, when the moving member is stopped, the CPU 200 generates a stop sequence and stores it in the position / time data group. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 8, in the constant velocity array, position data, time data, and position data are arranged in this order. In this arrangement, the first position data and the last position data indicate the same position, indicating that the moving member stops at that position for the period indicated by the time data. According to such a data notation method, even if the moving member has been stopped for a long time, the situation can be expressed only by the three element data. For this reason, the data amount is remarkably reduced as compared with a format in which the positions of the moving members are arranged in each sampling cycle (fixed-cycle arrangement).
[0046]
<Operation of keyboard instruments>
Next, the performance information generation / recording process executed by the CPU 200 will be described with reference to FIG. The performance information generation / recording process is a process of detecting the position of each moving member during the performance of the keyboard instrument 100 by the player, generating a moving member file f from the detection result, and recording the file f in the storage unit 260. The CPU 200 starts the performance information generation / recording process using a start signal input from the operation unit 230 as a trigger. This process is interrupted by a timer, and the CPU 200 resets the timer at the start of the process.
[0047]
First, when a start signal is input from the operation unit 230, the CPU 200 executes an initialization process (step S1). More specifically, the CPU 200 records a performance information folder in the storage unit 260, and stores the moving member-specific files f relating to all the moving members in the performance information folder. Further, the start signal is added with the lower cycle L and the upper cycle H, and the CPU 200 stores them in the attribute data group of the file f for each moving member. At this point, only the attribute data group is recorded in each moving member file f, and no information regarding the position / time data group is recorded.
[0048]
Next, the CPU 200 executes a key data generation / recording process (step S2). This key data generation / recording process generates, for each of the 88 keys 130, a position / time data group in which the position of the key 130 is specified in a time-series manner, and stores the group in the performance information folder stored in the storage unit 260. This is a process of storing the generated position / time data group in the included moving member file f. The details of the key data generation / recording process will be described later.
[0049]
Next, the CPU 200 executes a hammer data generation / recording process (step S3). In this process, a position / time data group is generated for each of the 88 hammers 142, and the position / time data group is stored in the moving member file f included in the performance information folder.
[0050]
Next, the CPU 200 executes a damper data generation / recording process (step S4). In this process, a position / time data group is generated for each of the 88 dampers 160, and the position / time data group is stored in the moving member file f included in the performance information folder.
[0051]
Next, the CPU 200 executes a pedal data generation / recording process (step S5). In this process, a position / time data group is generated for each of the three pedals 150, and the position / time data group is stored in the moving member-specific file f included in the performance information folder.
[0052]
Next, CPU 200 determines whether or not an end signal has been received from operation unit 230 (step S6). If the determination result is negative, the CPU 200 determines whether a certain time has elapsed in the timer (step S7). If the result of this determination is negative, the CPU 200 continues the determination of step S7 to wait until a certain time has elapsed. On the other hand, if the decision result in the step S7 is affirmative, the timer is reset and the process returns to the step S2.
On the other hand, if the decision result in the step S6 is affirmative, that is, if an end signal is received, the CPU 200 terminates the performance information generation / recording process.
[0053]
Next, the above-described key data generation / recording process (step S2 in FIG. 12) will be described with reference to FIG. This process is a process for generating a position / time data group for each of the 88 keys 130 individually and recording it in the storage unit 260.
[0054]
First, the CPU 200 sets the count value to “1” (Step S21). This count value indicates the note number of the key 130, and functions as a pointer indicating which key 130 of the 88 keys 130 is being processed.
[0055]
Next, the CPU 200 converts the analog position signal indicating the position of the key 130 specified by the current count value into a digital signal (step S22). At this time, the CPU 200 converts the analog position signal input from the key sensor 310 corresponding to the key 130 according to the sampling period (lower period L and upper period H) stored in the moving member file f corresponding to the key 130. , A / D converter 250K converts the digital position signal.
[0056]
Next, the CPU 200 executes a normalization process on the converted digital position signal (step S23). The normalization process is a process for absorbing individual differences between keyboard instruments. More specifically, individual differences occur in the key pressing speed, the string striking speed, and the like due to a mechanical error of each keyboard instrument. Therefore, assuming a standard keyboard instrument, the digital position signal is converted (normalized) to a signal corresponding to the standard keyboard instrument.
[0057]
Next, the CPU 200 executes a generation / storage process of generating a position / time data group from the normalized digital position signal in accordance with the operation state of the key 130 of interest and storing the group in the file f for each moving member. (Step S24). More specifically, the CPU 200 generates, based on the normalized digital position signal, one of a fixed-period array, a constant-speed array, and a stop array in accordance with the speed of the moving member, and Store in file f. The detailed description of the generation / recording process will be described later.
[0058]
Next, the CPU 200 increments the count value by “1” (step S25). Next, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the incremented count value has reached “88”, that is, whether or not the processing from step S22 to step S25 has been executed for all keys 130 (step S26). . If this determination result is negative, the CPU 200 repeats the processing from step S22 to step S25 until the count value reaches “88”.
[0059]
On the other hand, if the decision result in the step S26 is positive, the CPU 200 shifts the processing procedure to the step S3 of the performance information generation / recording process (FIG. 12). As described above, in the key data generation / recording processing, the position / time data group is generated and recorded individually for the key 130 of each note number. Therefore, according to the generated performance information folder, a user such as a player can easily delete or replace the moving member-specific file f for each moving member. This makes it easier to correct performance information for each moving member as compared to performance information such as MIDI data in which performance information for each moving member is mixed.
Note that hammer data generation / recording processing (step S3 in FIG. 12), damper data generation / recording processing (step S4 in FIG. 12), and pedal data generation / recording processing for moving members other than the key 130 (the hammer 142, the damper 160, and the pedal 150). In each recording process (step S5), similarly to the key data generation / recording process, a position / time data group is generated in the order of the note number or the pedal number, and the position / time data group is individually stored in the moving member file. Stored in f.
[0060]
Next, the operation of the generation / recording process (step S24 in FIG. 13) included in the key data generation / recording process will be described with reference to FIG. This generation / recording process is a process executed by paying attention to one key 130, and generates one of a fixed-period array, a constant-speed array, and a stop array according to the moving speed of the key 130. This is a process of storing in another file f. At the start of this processing, the CPU 200 records time data indicating the elapsed time “0” in the RAM 210 in advance.
[0061]
First, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the speed of the key 130 has changed (step S241). Here, the situation where the speed is changing means a state where the acceleration is other than “0”. For this reason, the situation where the speed has not changed includes the situation where the key 130 is stopped in addition to the situation where the key 130 is moving at a constant speed. The determination process in step S241 will be described in detail. First, the CPU 200 measures an average speed during the sampling cycle from the displacement of the key 130 during the immediately preceding sampling cycle. At this time, the CPU 200 obtains the speed of the key 130 from the time information supplied from the clock unit 240 and the digital position signal supplied from the A / D conversion unit 250K. Next, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the speed of the moving member is changing based on whether or not the measured speed is different from the speed measured last time. When the previous speed does not exist, that is, when the measurement of the speed is the first time, the determination result of step S241 is positive.
[0062]
If the determination result in step S241 is negative, the CPU 200 increments the time data stored in the RAM 210 according to the time information supplied from the clock unit 240 (step S242). Here, the time data stored in the RAM 210 will be described. If the determination result of step S241 is affirmative, that is, if the speed of the key 130 changes, the count value of the time data is initialized by the CPU 200. For this reason, the time indicated by the time data indicates either a period in which the key 130 is continuously moving at a constant speed or a period in which the key 130 is continuously stopped.
[0063]
Next, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the speed of the key 130 is “0”, that is, whether or not the key 130 is stopped (step S243). If this determination result is affirmative, that is, if the key 130 is stopped, the CPU 200 generates a stop sequence, and stores the stop sequence in the moving member file f, or stores the stopping sequence in the moving member file f. The stored stop sequence is updated (step S244). More specifically, as shown in FIG. 15, if the stop sequence is not written at the end of the position / time data group included in the moving member-specific file f, that is, the end is a fixed period array or the like. If it is any of the speed arrays, the CPU 200 writes the position data and the time data to generate a new stop array. Note that this figure shows an example in which the end of the position / time data group before the execution of step S244 is a fixed-period array.
[0064]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 16, if a stop sequence has already been written at the end of the position / time data group, CPU 200 updates the time data included in the stop sequence. At this time, the CPU 200 overwrites the time data included in the stop sequence with the time data recorded in the RAM 210 incremented in step S242. Thus, even when the moving member is stopped for a long time, the situation can be expressed only by the three data elements of the position data, the time data, and the position data. There is no need to worry about an increase in data volume as compared to the structure. Therefore, the storage capacity of the storage unit 260 can be reduced. In other words, it is possible to record more performance information folders in the storage unit 260 having a fixed storage capacity.
[0065]
On the other hand, if the determination result in step S243 is negative, that is, if the key 130 is moving at a constant speed, the CPU 200 generates a constant speed array and stores the constant speed array in the moving member-specific file f. Alternatively, the constant velocity array stored in the moving member-specific file f is updated (step S245). More specifically, as shown in FIG. 17, the CPU 200 does not write the constant-velocity array at the end of the position / time data group, that is, the CPU 200 determines whether the end is either a fixed-period array or a stop array. If there is, velocity data and time data are written to generate a constant velocity array. In this figure, an example is shown in which the end of the position / time data group before execution of step S245 is a fixed-period array.
[0066]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 18, if a constant velocity array is already stored at the end of the position / time data group, CPU 200 updates the time data included in the constant velocity array. At this time, the CPU 200 overwrites the time data stored in the RAM 210 incremented in step S242 on the time data included in the constant velocity array. Thus, even if the moving member moves at a constant velocity for a long time, the operation state can be expressed only by the three data elements of the position data, the speed data, and the time data. As a result, the data amount of the performance information folder is reduced. It will be reduced.
[0067]
On the other hand, if the determination result in step S241 is affirmative, that is, if the key 130 is moving while changing at a constant speed, the CPU 200 resets the time data stored in the RAM 210, and then generates the fixed-period array. Then, it is recorded in the storage unit 260. Specifically, the CPU 200 additionally writes position data indicating the current position of the key 130 at the end of the position / time data group included in the moving member-specific file f. As a result, performance information indicating the position of the key 130 that is continuous from the rest position to the end position is recorded.
[0068]
As described above, in the generation / recording process, any one of the fixed-period array, the constant-speed array, and the stop array is generated and recorded according to the moving speed of the moving member. As a result, it is possible to generate performance information that can express subtle nuances while suppressing the data amount.
The hammer data generation / recording process (step S2 in FIG. 12), the damper data generation / recording process (step S3), and the pedal data generation / recording process (step S4) also include the generation / recording process. However, these generation / recording processes are the same as the generation / recording process (FIG. 14) related to the key 130, and thus the description thereof will be omitted.
[0069]
As described above, according to the keyboard instrument 100 of the present embodiment, it is possible to detect the position of the moving member with an accuracy of at least 0.001 mm and generate a position / time data group with a sampling period of at least 0.001 mS. it can. As a result, the operation status of each moving member can be grasped in detail and faithfully, and the performance information reflecting the player's individuality and playing style can be generated as compared with MIDI data and the like. Because of these advantages, the following examples are conceivable as methods of using the keyboard instrument 100.
[0070]
For example, a performance operation by a famous player may be recorded in the keyboard instrument 100. This makes it possible to reproduce the performance operation performed by the player on an automatic performance keyboard instrument or the like, or leave the performance operation as a cultural heritage for posterity.
[0071]
In addition, since it is possible to generate accurate performance information, it is possible to improve the efficiency of instruction by using the keyboard instrument 100 for instruction of performance. More specifically, if the performance operation of the student is recorded by the keyboard instrument 100, the instructor can use the recorded performance information to evaluate the student's expression method, weakness, habit, and other performance techniques. On the other hand, if the performance operation of the instructor is recorded, the student can use the recorded performance information as a sample of performance practice. According to the keyboard instrument 100, performance information is recorded for each moving member. For this reason, the instructor or the student can pay attention to a specific moving member (the key 130, the pedal 150, or the like) and refer to the performance evaluation or the performance reference.
[0072]
Moreover, in the performance information generation / recording process, the position (position / time data group) of the moving member specified in time series itself is generated as the performance information. For this reason, compared with the MIDI data of the event format having complicated specifications, the process of converting the performance operation into the event data becomes unnecessary, and the normalization process becomes simple. This simplifies the processing and configuration related to the generation of performance information. Also, when playing the performance information recorded by the keyboard instrument 100 on an automatic performance instrument or the like, it is sufficient to simply drive the moving member in accordance with the position / time data group. This eliminates the need for data conversion processing from event data to data for driving the moving member at the time of reproduction, timing control for driving the moving member in accordance with the event data, and the like. Becomes simple.
[0073]
In addition, in the generation / recording process, one of a fixed-period array, a constant-speed array, and a stop array is selected according to the speed of the moving member, and a position / time data group is generated. For this reason, at the time of the constant-velocity movement and at the time of stop of the moving member, the operation state can be represented by only three data elements. In general, even during a performance, many moving members have a long stopping period. Therefore, by generating the performance information by the stop arrangement, the data amount of the performance information can be significantly reduced.
[0074]
In the performance information generation / recording process, the performance operation of one music piece is recorded, and the performance operation is recorded for each moving member. For this reason, it is possible to easily perform a correction operation such as deletion or replacement of a performance error for each moving member, an addition of performance information for each moving member, and an editing operation for the recorded performance information. As a result, information about each moving member is mixed, and correction work and editing work become simpler than MIDI data that requires time detection between the same operator events and event sequence detection.
In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which the operation information (position / time data group) for one moving member is stored for one file. A similar effect can be obtained if recording is performed independently. In short, any method may be used as long as the operation information can be recorded for each moving member.
[0075]
Further, all or a part of the performance information recorded in the keyboard instrument 100 can be converted into event data. At this time, it is also possible to convert one event data into highly accurate event data in which a plurality of velocities can be set. This makes it possible to accurately convert a special playing style into event data. Further, even a music piece having a long performance time can be temporarily recorded as a performance information folder and converted into event data at another time by dividing the performance information folder.
[0076]
Further, according to the keyboard instrument 100, the positions of the moving members such as the hammer 142 and the damper 160 can be accurately recorded. As a result, the characteristics of the keyboard instrument 100 can be grasped, and the performance information folder can be used as a material for determining deterioration or failure of the moving member due to aging.
[0077]
<Modification>
It is to be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various applications and improved modifications can be made.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the performance information (position / time data group) generated in the keyboard instrument 100 is stored in the storage unit 260 has been described. Is also good. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 19, the electrical configuration of the keyboard instrument 100 may include an external interface 270 instead of the storage unit 260 described above. The external interface 270 is an interface for outputting the position / time data group generated by the CPU 200 to an external device. Examples of the external device connected to the external interface 270 include an automatic musical instrument that automatically performs in real time according to the position / time data group, and a personal computer that can process and edit the position / time data group.
[0078]
In such a configuration, the CPU 200 outputs the position / time data group via the external interface 270 instead of recording it in the storage unit 260 in the above-described generation / recording processing (see FIG. 14). At this time, in steps S244 and S245 of the generation / recording processing, the processing of updating (overwriting) the constant velocity array and the stop array already output to the external device cannot be executed. Therefore, when outputting the constant velocity array and the stop array via the external interface 270, the following procedure is followed.
[0079]
That is, with respect to the output of the constant speed array, when the moving member is operating at the constant speed, the CPU 200 records and updates the constant speed array in the RAM 210, and when it is determined in step S241 that the moving member is not the constant speed, the RAM 210 Is output from the external interface 270. Similarly, when outputting the stop sequence, the CPU 200 records and updates the stop sequence in the RAM 210 when the moving member is stopped, and via the external interface 270 when the moving member starts moving. And output the stop sequence.
[0080]
Further, the following processing may be applied as an alternative processing relating to the output of the constant velocity array. That is, first, when detecting the start of the constant velocity movement, the CPU 200 outputs only the position data and the velocity data among the data elements in the constant velocity array, and when detecting the end of the constant velocity movement, the CPU 200 outputs the remaining data elements. Output time data. According to such processing, since the speed information is output at the same time as the start of the constant-velocity movement, the external device can reproduce the position / time data group in real time.
[0081]
In an external device (for example, a personal computer) to which the position / time data group is transmitted from the keyboard instrument 100, various processes can be executed using the position / time data group. For example, a waveform indicating the time-series position of the moving member can be displayed on the display device of the external device. At this time, since the position / time data group is continuous with respect to each of the time and the position, only the processing of plotting the positions in the data storage order is sufficient. In addition, various processes relating to the position / time data group by the spreadsheet application can be easily performed.
[0082]
Further, according to the keyboard instrument 100, any one of the fixed-period array, the constant-speed array, and the stop array is selected according to the speed of the moving member, so that the data amount of the position / time data group indicating the performance information is reduced. Therefore, network traffic connecting the keyboard instrument 100 and the external device is suppressed.
[0083]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the state in which the moving member is moving at a constant speed is shown in the constant speed array, and the state in which the moving member is stopped is shown in the stop array. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which both states are expressed by either a constant velocity array or a stop array. More specifically, in the case where the stop sequence consisting of the position data, the time data, and the position data indicates the state of the constant velocity movement, the head position data includes information indicating the start position of the constant velocity movement. What is necessary is just to store the information indicating the period of the constant velocity exercise in the time data, and to store the information indicating the end position of the constant velocity exercise in the rear position data.
On the other hand, when a stop state is indicated by a constant velocity array in the order of position data, speed data, and time data, information indicating the stop position is stored in the position data, and the speed is set to “speed” in the speed data. It is only necessary to store information indicating that the stop time is “0” and to store information indicating the stop time in the time data.
Further, the data elements of the array representing the state in which the speed of the moving member has not changed (the moving member is moving at a constant speed or stopped) are not limited to three, that is, position data, time data, and speed data. . For example, data that can specify a period during which the speed is not changed and a displacement during the period by combining as a data element, such as differential data representing the displacement of the moving member during the period during which the speed is not changed. For example, the data element may be an array of data elements representing a state in which the speed of the moving member has not changed.
[0084]
In the above-described embodiment, the sensor (for example, the key sensor 310 and the like) and the electrical configuration (see FIGS. 7 and 9) for generating the performance information are configured to be built in the keyboard instrument 100. Each configuration related to generation may be configured separately from the keyboard instrument 100. As a result, even with a keyboard instrument that does not have a function of generating performance information, it is possible to create performance information (position / time data) representing the detailed operation of the moving member. For example, it is possible to create performance information on a keyboard instrument having antique or historical value.
[0085]
In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which a light reflection sensor that detects a distance by light is used as a sensor that detects the position of each moving member, but is not limited thereto. For example, the present invention can be arbitrarily applied to any detecting means such as a magnetic sensor that magnetically detects a distance, such as a magnetic sensor that can continuously detect the position of each detection target. In addition, instead of a sensor that detects the position of each moving member, a sensor that detects a physical amount related to the movement of the moving member such as the speed and acceleration of each moving member is provided, and the position of each moving member is obtained from the detected physical amount. Is also good.
[0086]
In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which all performance operations for one music piece are recorded as a position / time data group, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a configuration may be adopted in which part of a performance operation (such as a performance operation relating to a specific moving member) is recorded as a position / time data group, and other performance operations are recorded as performance information in an event format.
[0087]
In the above-described embodiment, an example is described in which one sampling cycle is taken for one moving member file f, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, when the hammer 142 is located in the vicinity of the string striking position, when the key 130 is located in the vicinity of changing the direction (swing angle) at the time of consecutive hits, when the pedal 150 is located in the vicinity of the half pedal region, The configuration may be such that the sampling cycle when the moving member is located in an area important as performance information is shorter than the sampling cycle in other areas. When the key 130 is at the rest position, the sampling period may be set longer. As a result, it is possible to generate performance information that expresses an operation state in detail for an important part in the performance operation while suppressing the data amount and the processing amount. Furthermore, even in the middle of the music, the sampling period may be changed according to the player, the moving state (for example, whether or not the music is stopped), or the like.
When the sampling period is changed, the operation information can be represented by an array of position data, time data, and position data, similar to the stop array. In this arrangement, it is shown that after the time indicated by the time data (the changed sampling period) has elapsed from the position indicated by the head position data, the head has moved to the position indicated by the tail position data.
[0088]
In the above-described embodiment, in recording the position / time data, the data element is recorded in the storage unit 260 while adding the data element each time the sampling period elapses, but is not limited thereto. For example, the configuration may be such that the position / time data group is generated and updated in the RAM 210 during the performance, and is written into the storage unit 260 at the end of the performance.
[0089]
In the embodiment described above, an example in which the performance information folder is recorded in the storage unit 260 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the keyboard instrument 100 is provided with a data recording / reproducing device for reading / writing data from / on a recording medium such as a flexible disk or an optical disk, and a performance information folder is recorded on the recording medium via the data recording / reproducing device. Is also good. This makes it possible to exchange data with an external device such as a personal computer.
[0090]
In addition to the configuration of the keyboard instrument 100 in the above-described embodiment, a configuration may be further provided that includes a display device such as a liquid crystal display. With such a configuration, it is possible to display the position / time data group on the display device and visually display the performance information.
[0091]
In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which the position / time data group of the key 130, the hammer 142, the pedal 150, and the damper 160 is generated. However, if the moving member is provided on a keyboard instrument and moves according to the operation of a player (operator), the operation state of the moving member can be generated as performance information.
[0092]
In the above-described embodiment, the performance information is generated by the fixed-period array only when the speed of the moving member is changing. However, when the moving member is moving at a constant speed, the performance information is generated by the fixed-period array. Information may be generated.
[0093]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, a performance information generating device, a performance information recording device, and a keyboard instrument that can easily generate detailed performance information while suppressing the data amount are provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a mechanical configuration of a keyboard musical instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a key and a key sensor of the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of the key sensor.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the same key and its peripheral configuration.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a hammer of the keyboard instrument and a peripheral configuration thereof.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a damper of the keyboard instrument and its peripheral configuration.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an electrical configuration of the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a file for each moving member stored in a storage unit of the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a format of a data element included in the file for each moving member.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a format of the data element.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an operation state of a moving member.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining performance information generation / recording processing executed in the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining key data generation / recording processing included in the performance information generation / recording processing.
FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a generation / recording process included in the key data generation / recording process.
FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process.
FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process.
FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process.
FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an electrical configuration of a keyboard instrument according to a modification of the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
100: keyboard instrument, 110: shelf, 120: reed, 130: key, 135, 145, 155, 165: detected member, 140: action mechanism, 150: pedal, 142: hammer, S: string, 200 ... CPU, 210 RAM, 220 ROM, 230 operating section, 240 clock section, 250K, 250H, 250P, 250D A / D conversion section, 260 storage section, 270 external interface, 300, 400, 500, Reference numeral 600 denotes a support member, 310 denotes a key sensor, 410 denotes a hammer sensor, 510 denotes a pedal sensor, and 610 denotes a damper sensor.

Claims (4)

Detecting means provided on the keyboard instrument, for a moving member that moves in response to an operation of an operator, for continuously detecting a physical quantity related to the movement from a rest position to an end position,
Based on the physical quantity detected by the detecting means, physical quantity information generating means for generating physical quantity information,
Based on the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means, determining means for determining whether the moving member is moving,
If the determination result by the determination means is affirmative, performance information indicating the physical quantity of the moving member at regular intervals is generated using the physical quantity detected by the detection means or the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generation means. If the determination result is negative, the moving member moves using the physical quantity detected by the detecting means or the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means and the period during which the moving member is not moving. Performance information generating means for generating performance information indicating that no
A performance information generating device comprising: The keyboard instrument includes a plurality of moving members,
2. The performance information generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of sets each including a detecting unit, a physical quantity information generating unit, a determining unit, and a performance information generating unit are included corresponding to each moving member. . Detecting means provided on the keyboard instrument, for a moving member that moves in response to an operation of an operator, for continuously detecting a physical quantity related to the movement from a rest position to an end position,
Based on the physical quantity detected by the detecting means, physical quantity information generating means for generating physical quantity information,
Based on the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means, determining means for determining whether the moving member is moving,
If the determination result by the determination means is affirmative, performance information indicating the physical quantity of the moving member at regular intervals is generated using the physical quantity detected by the detection means or the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generation means. If the determination result is negative, the moving member moves using the physical quantity detected by the detecting means or the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means and the period during which the moving member is not moving. Performance information generating means for generating performance information indicating that no
Storage means for storing the performance information generated by the performance information generating means for each moving member;
A performance information recording device comprising: Detecting means for continuously detecting a physical quantity related to the movement of the moving member that moves in accordance with the operation of the operator from the rest position to the end position;
Based on the physical quantity detected by the detecting means, physical quantity information generating means for generating physical quantity information,
Based on the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means, determining means for determining whether the moving member is moving,
If the determination result by the determination means is affirmative, performance information indicating the physical quantity of the moving member at regular intervals is generated using the physical quantity detected by the detection means or the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generation means. If the determination result is negative, the moving member moves using the physical quantity detected by the detecting means or the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means and the period during which the moving member is not moving. Performance information generating means for generating performance information indicating that no
A keyboard instrument comprising:

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