JP2004073078A - Breader for frying use - Google Patents
Breader for frying use Download PDFInfo
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- JP2004073078A JP2004073078A JP2002237835A JP2002237835A JP2004073078A JP 2004073078 A JP2004073078 A JP 2004073078A JP 2002237835 A JP2002237835 A JP 2002237835A JP 2002237835 A JP2002237835 A JP 2002237835A JP 2004073078 A JP2004073078 A JP 2004073078A
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- frying
- texture
- fried
- mass
- emulsifier
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Landscapes
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Abstract
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、油ちょう直後の食感がクリスピーでサクサク感があり、この食感の経時的変化が少なく、更に、揚げムラや、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感を防止できるフライ用ブレダーに関する。特に、油ちょう前あるいは油ちょう後に冷凍保存され、喫食時に加熱調理される冷凍フライ食品に好適に使用できるフライ用ブレダーに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フライ食品の美味しさの要素の一つとして、衣のサクサクとした食感が挙げられる。この食感は、油ちょう直後は比較的良好であるが、油ちょう後の時間が経過するにしたがって、具材の水分が衣に移行するなどの理由から、サクサク感が失われて、ベタついた衣になってしまう。また、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感も食感を損ねる一つの要因となっている。
【0003】
このような問題は、油ちょう前あるいは油ちょう後に冷凍保存された冷凍フライ食品を、電子レンジやオーブンで加熱したり、油ちょうした場合に顕著に起こる。
【0004】
従来より、上記のようなフライ食品の食感を改善するために、様々な技術が開示されている。例えば、特許第2995489号公報には、粒度が32メッシュスルー80メッシュオーバーの強力系硬質小麦粉砕物を5重量%以上含有することを特徴とするフライ用衣ミックスが開示されている。そして、強力系硬質小麦粉粉砕物としてデュラム小麦のセモリナが例示されており、衣原料として、膨脹剤や乳化剤等が使用できることが記載されている。
【0005】
また、特許第3243490号公報には、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステルおよびレシチンから選ばれる乳化剤の少なくとも1種をカラ揚げ粉全重量に基づいて0.5〜5重量%含有していることを特徴とするカラ揚げ粉が開示されており、このカラ揚げ粉はまぶしタイプとして特に適していることが記載されている。
【0006】
また、特開2002−65194号公報には、脱脂大豆の水抽出画分を粉末化した脱脂豆乳粉末を含有することを特徴とするフライ用衣材が開示されている。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、特許第2995489号、特許第3243490号には、油ちょう後に時間が経過した場合や冷凍保存後に加熱調理した場合における衣の食感の劣化防止に対しては何ら記載されていない。
【0008】
一方、特開2002−65194号は、衣材を水に分散させてバッターとして使用するタイプのフライ用衣材であって、まぶしタイプのカラ揚げ粉については何ら記載されていない。
【0009】
このようにフライ食品の衣の食感を改善するため、粒度が32メッシュスルー80メッシュオーバーの強力系硬質小麦粉砕物、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、脱脂豆乳粉末等を衣材として利用することは、これまでにも提案されているが、まぶすタイプの衣材において、油ちょう後に時間が経過した場合や冷凍保存後に加熱調理した場合における衣の食感の劣化を防止し、揚げムラや、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感を防止するためにこれらの材料を使用すること、及びこれらの材料を組み合わせて使用することについては何ら開示されていない。
【0010】
したがって、本発明の目的は、油ちょう直後の衣の食感がクリスピーでサクサク感があり、この食感の経時的変化が少なく、更に、揚げムラや、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感を防止できるフライ用ブレダーを提供することにある。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するため、本発明によるフライ用ブレダーは、大豆水抽出粉末と、穀物粗粒物と、膨脹剤と、乳化剤とを含むことを特徴とする。
【0012】
本発明によれば、上記の各材料を組み合わせることにより、油ちょう直後の衣の食感を良好にすることができると共にこの食感の経時変化を少なくし、冷凍保存後に電子レンジ、オーブン等で再加熱あるいは油ちょうしても食感を良好に維持することができる。更に、揚げムラや、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感を防止することができる。
【0013】
本発明においては、前記大豆水抽出粉末を1〜20質量%、前記穀物粗粒物を2〜20質量%含有することが好ましい。これにより、衣の食感がより良好で、この食感の経時変化をより少なくすることができ、冷凍保存後に加熱調理しても食感をより良好に維持することができる。また、揚げムラや、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感をより少なくできる。
【0014】
また、前記穀物粗粒物は、32メッシュの篩を通過し、80メッシュの篩上に残留するものを75質量%以上含有するものであることが好ましい。これにより、衣の食感を更にクリスピーにすることができる。
【0015】
更に、前記乳化剤は、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル及び/又はショ糖脂肪酸エステルであることが好ましい。これにより、衣の火通りがよくなり、より軽い食感の衣を得ることができる。また、より揚げムラを少なくすることができる。
【0016】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、大豆水抽出粉末とは、脱脂大豆を水で抽出して残渣を除去して得られる水抽出物を粉末化したものであり、例えば、脱脂大豆に10倍量の水を加えて、水溶解成分を抽出し、残渣を遠心分離等により除去して得られる水溶液を乾燥、粉末化することにより調製できる。
【0017】
また、穀物粗粒物とは、小麦、トウモロコシ、米、エンバク等の穀物の粉砕物を意味し、具体的には、32メッシュの篩を通過し、80メッシュの篩上に残留する穀物粉砕物を主に含むものである。本発明においては、32メッシュの篩を通過し、80メッシュの篩上に残留する穀物粉砕物を75質量%以上含有するものが好ましく用いられ、32メッシュの篩を通過し、60メッシュの篩上に残留する穀物粉砕物が70質量%以下であって、かつ80メッシュの篩上に残留する穀物粉砕物を75質量%以上含有するものが特に好ましく用いられる。穀物粗粒物の粒度が32メッシュより大きいと、衣の食感が硬くなると共に、ブレディング時のブレダーの付着性が悪くなって均一に付着しにくくなり、揚げムラ及び衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感の防止効果が弱くなってしまう。また、80メッシュの篩上に残留する穀物粉砕物の含有率が低過ぎると目的とする食感を得ることができず、また、揚げムラ及び衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感の防止効果が得られない。
【0018】
本発明においては、上記穀物の中でも小麦、トウモロコシ、米の粉砕物が好ましく用いられ、特にトウモロコシの粉砕物が好ましく用いられる。なお、小麦は、強力系、準強力系、中力系、薄力系のいずれの小麦でもよいが、好ましくは入手の容易性も兼ね備えているデュラム小麦のセモリナが用いられ、米は粳米、糯米のいずれでもよい。
【0019】
また、膨脹剤としては、特に制限なく用いることができるが、膨脹剤4gを50℃の水100mLに加えて撹拌した時に、累積ガス量が、撹拌開始から30秒で5〜45mL、60秒で50〜100mL、90秒で100〜150mLとなるように、炭酸水素ナトリウム、油脂及び酸性剤を配合したものが好ましく用いられる。なお、必要に応じて賦形剤として澱粉や小麦粉等が含まれていてもよい。このような膨脹剤を用いることにより、衣の食感をよりクリスピーにすることができる。
【0020】
上記油脂としては、常温で固形の食用油脂が好ましく用いられ、例えば、ヘット、ラード、バター等の固形油脂、菜種油、大豆油、パーム油、綿実油、トウモロコシ油、オリーブ油、サフラワー油、ヒマワリ油、落花生油、グレープシード油等の植物油脂や魚鯨油等の液状油脂、又は油脂等とグリセリンとをエステル交換反応させるかあるいは脂肪酸とグリセリンとの混合物にリパーゼを作用させて得られたエステルを含む液状油脂を、水素添加して得られる固形油脂等が挙げられる。また、酸性剤としては、例えば、酒石酸、酒石酸水素カリウム、フマル酸、フマル酸ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カルシウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、酸性ピロリン酸ナトリウム、焼ミョウバン、焼アンモニウムミョウバン、グルコノデルタラクトン、グルコン酸塩等が好ましく用いられる。
【0021】
膨脹剤における上記各成分の配合割合は、目的とする発泡特性が得られるように調整された配合であれば特に限定されないが、炭酸水素ナトリウム20〜55質量%、油脂1〜20質量%、酸性剤20〜60質量%が好ましい。
【0022】
なお、膨脹剤のガス発生量は、食品衛生法第7条第1項及び第10条の規定に基づき定められた食品、添加物等の規格基準に記載の発生ガス測定法に準じて測定すればよい。すなわち、50℃の水100mlと撹拌子を入れたフラスコを50℃の水浴中に入れ、このフラスコに、正確に計り取った膨脹剤4gをオブラートに包んで投入する。投入後速やかに三方コック(開放にした状態)でフラスコと外とう管付きガスビュレットとをつなぎ、ガスビュレットの液面が0の目盛りに合うように水準瓶の位置を調整する。そして、三方コックをフラスコ側に開けて撹拌子を回して反応を開始させ、反応開始から30秒後、60秒後、90秒後に水準瓶とガスビュレットの液面の高さを合わせてその目盛りV(ml)を読み、また、そのときの発生ガスの温度t(℃)を温度計で読む。そして、下記式により標準状態における発生ガス量Vo(ml)を求める。別に空実験値v(ml)を求め補正する。
【0023】
【数1】
Vo=(V−v)×{(P−p)/101}×{273/(273+t)}
ただし、P:測定時における大気圧(kPa)、p:t℃における水の水蒸気圧(kPa)。
【0024】
また、乳化剤としては、食品に添加可能な乳化剤であればよいが、具体的には、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、有機酸モノグリセリド等を含むグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、プロピレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、大豆リン脂質、卵黄リン脂質及びこれらリン脂質を酵素で処理したいわゆる酵素処理レシチン等が例示できる。本発明においては、特に、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル及び/又はショ糖脂肪酸エステルが好ましく用いられる。
【0025】
本発明においては、上記大豆水抽出粉末、穀物粗粒物、膨脹剤及び乳化剤を併用することが重要であり、いずれか一つが欠けても目的とするフライ用ブレダーを得ることができない。本発明のフライ用ブレダーにおける上記各成分の配合割合は、フライ用ブレダー全体に対して、上記大豆水抽出粉末を1〜20質量%(より好ましくは1〜10質量%)、上記穀物粗粒物を2〜20質量%(より好ましくは2〜15質量%)、上記膨脹剤を0.1〜5質量%(より好ましくは0.3〜3質量%)、上記乳化剤を0.1〜5質量%(より好ましくは0.2〜4質量%)であることが好ましい。
【0026】
また、本発明のフライ用ブレダーは、他の成分として、一般に衣材に使用されている成分を含むことができる。例えば、小麦粉、米粉、コーンフラワー、ライ麦粉、エンバク粉、そば粉や、粟、黍、稗等の粉末等の穀粉類、大豆粉、緑豆粉、小豆粉等の豆粉末、コーンスターチ、ワキシーコーンスターチ、米澱粉、小麦澱粉、馬鈴薯澱粉、タピオカ澱粉、サゴ澱粉等の澱粉類やそれらの化工澱粉、澱粉加水分解物(デキストリン)、パン粉、クラッカー粉末、ナッツ粉砕物、卵黄粉末、卵白粉末、全卵粉末等の卵粉末、大豆蛋白質、エンドウ蛋白質、乳蛋白質、全脂粉乳、脱脂粉乳、ホエーパウダー等の乳製品、油脂類、乳化剤、グルコース、フラクトース、キシロース等の単糖類、トレハロース、ショ糖(砂糖)、マルトース、ラクトース、パラチノース等の二糖類、オリゴ糖、転化糖等の糖類、糖アルコール、増粘多糖類、卵殻粉末、貝殻粉末、食塩、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、粉末醤油、畜肉、魚介類及び植物のエキス粉末、アミノ酸、有機酸及びその塩、核酸及びその塩等の調味料類、香辛料及び香辛料抽出物、着色料、ビタミン、ミネラル、野菜、海藻、果実の砕片又は粉末等を適宜含むことができる。
【0027】
本発明のフライ用ブレダーは、粉末状のまま用いられるいわゆるまぶしタイプの衣材として用いられ、例えば、鳥獣肉類、魚介類、野菜類等の具材に直接、あるいはバッター液を付着させた後、フライ用ブレダーをまぶして油ちょうする場合に用いることができる。特に、衣材を付着させた具材をそのまま、あるいは油ちょうしてから冷凍保存して、喫食する際に加熱調理する冷凍フライ食品の衣材として好適に用いることができる。
【0028】
本発明のフライ用ブレダーを用いたフライ食品は、油ちょう直後の食感がクリスピーでサクサク感があり、時間が経過してもこの食感が良好に維持される。また、具材に衣材を付着させた後そのまま、あるいは油ちょうしてから冷凍保存して、喫食する際に加熱調理(オーブン、電子レンジ、油ちょう)する場合でも、衣の食感をクリスピーな状態に維持することができる。
【0029】
また、本発明のフライ用ブレダーは、打粉として用いることもでき、例えば、具材にフライ用ブレダーを付着させた後、バッター液を絡め、更に、必要に応じてパン粉、クラッカー粉等を付着させてから油ちょうする場合にも用いることができる。このように打粉として用いた場合は、特に揚げムラを防止して良好な外観のフライ食品を得ることができ、また、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感も防止することができる。
【0030】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に具体的に説明する。なお、以下の例において、穀物粗粒物及び膨脹剤は表1、2に示すものを用いた。
【0031】
【表1】
【0032】
【表2】
【0033】
試験例1(鯖の唐揚)
鯖の切り身(30g)に、表3に示す配合の各フライ用ブレダーをまぶして175℃で3分間油ちょうした。油ちょう後、速やかに−30℃にて急速凍結し、−20℃にて14日間保存した後、電子レンジ(500W)で20秒/個の条件で加熱を行った。そして、室温にて10分間放置したもの(直後)について、経験豊かなパネラー10名で試食し、評価を行った。評価は、歯切れがとても良く、カラッとしていて油のベタつき感がないものを5点として、食感が悪くなるにしたがって点数を低くし、歯切れが非常に悪く、カラッとした感じがなく油のベタつき感がひどいものを0点とし、その平均で表した。その結果を表3に示す。
【0034】
【表3】
【0035】
表3に示されるように、実施例1、2は、大豆水抽出粉末を含有しない比較例1、穀物粗粒物を含有しない比較例2、膨脹剤を含有しない比較例3、乳化剤を含有しない比較例4などに比べて、冷凍保存後、電子レンジで加熱しても良好な食感を維持していることが分かる。特に、乳化剤としてグリセリン脂肪酸エステルを用いた実施例1は、乳化剤としてレシチンを用いた実施例2に比べて食感に優れていることが分かる。
【0036】
試験例2(鱈のフライ)
鱈の切り身(45g)に、バッター液をからめ、余分なバッター液を切ってから表4に示す配合の各フライ用ブレダーをまぶして175℃で1分間油ちょうした。なお、実施例8は、実施例11に示されるフライ用ブレダーを具材に予めまぶしてからバッター液をからめ、表4に示す配合のフライ用ブレダーをまぶして油ちょうした。
【0037】
そして、油ちょう後、速やかに−30℃にて急速凍結し、−20℃にて14日間保存した後、175℃にて7分間再油ちょうした。再油ちょう後、室温にて10分間放置したもの(直後)、再油ちょう後、室温にて3時間放置したものについて、経験豊かなパネラー10名で試食し、評価を行った。評価は、歯切れがとても良く、パリパリして歯もろいクリスピーな食感のものを5点として、食感が悪くなるにしたがって点数を低くし、歯切れが非常に悪くクリスピー感に乏しいものを0点とし、その平均で表した。その結果を表4に示す。なお、上記バッター液は、小麦粉61.9g、澱粉30g、大豆蛋白質3g、トレハロース2g、膨脹剤1g、α化澱粉1g、乳化剤1g、増粘多糖類0.1gに水160mLを加えて調製した。
【0038】
【表4】
【0039】
表4に示されるように、実施例3〜8は、大豆水抽出粉末を含まない比較例5に比べて、再油ちょう直後、再油ちょう後時間が経過しても良好な食感を維持していることが分かる。特に、実施例11のフライ用ブレダーを予めまぶしてからバッター液をからめた実施例8は、食感が非常に優れていることが分かる。また、膨脹剤Aを用いた実施例3〜5、8は、膨脹剤Bを用いた実施例6、膨脹剤Cを用いた実施例7に比べて、再油ちょう後時間が経過した場合の食感に優れていることが分かる。
【0040】
試験例3(鶏の唐揚)
鶏腿肉(30g)に、バッター液をからめ、余分なバッター液を切ってから表5に示す配合の各フライ用ブレダーをまぶして175℃で1分間油ちょうした。油ちょう後、−30℃にて急速凍結し、−20℃にて14日間保存した後、175℃にて7分間再油ちょうした。そして、再油ちょう後、室温にて10分間放置したもの(直後)、再油ちょう後、室温にて3時間放置したものについて、経験豊かなパネラー10名で試食し、試験例2と同様の基準で評価を行った。その結果を表5に示す。なお、上記バッター液は、澱粉47g、小麦粉25g、油脂25g、乳化剤1.5g、膨脹剤0.5g、増粘多糖類1.0gに水250mLを加えて調製した。
【0041】
【表5】
【0042】
表5に示されるように、実施例9〜11は、大豆水抽出粉末を含まない比較例6、穀物粗粒物を含まない比較例7、膨脹剤を含まない比較例8、及び乳化剤を含まない比較例9などに比べて、再油ちょう直後、再油ちょう後時間が経過しても良好な食感を維持していることが分かる。特に、穀物粗粒物としてコーングリッツを用いた実施例9は、食感が非常に優れていることが分かる。
【0043】
試験例4(カキフライ)
生蛎剥き身に、表6に示す配合の各フライ用ブレダーをまぶし、余分なブレダーを落としてから、バッター液をからめてから生パン粉(10mm)を付け、−30℃にて急速凍結し、−20℃にて14日間保存した後、175℃にて4分間油ちょうした。そして、油ちょう後、室温にて10分間放置したもの(直後)、油ちょう後、室温にて3時間放置したものについて、経験豊かなパネラー10名で試食し、食感及び外観の評価を行った。食感の評価は、歯切れがとても良くサクサクした食感であるものを5点として、食感が悪くなるにしたがって点数を低くし、歯切れが非常に悪くサクサク感が乏しいものを0点とし、その平均で表した。また、外観については、揚げムラがなくきれいな狐色の揚げ色のものを5点として、揚げムラが多くなるにしたがって点数を低くし、全体的に焦げた揚げムラがみられるものを0点とし、その平均で表した。これらの結果を表6に示す。なお、上記バッター液は、小麦粉50g、澱粉40g、大豆蛋白質5g、α化澱粉5g、乳化剤1g、増粘多糖類0.4gに水200mLを加えて調製した。
【0044】
【表6】
【0045】
表6に示されるように、実施例12は、大豆水抽出粉末を含まない比較例10、穀物粗粒物を含まない比較例11、膨脹剤を含まない比較例12、乳化剤を含まない比較例13などに比べて、油ちょう直後、油ちょう後時間が経過しても良好な食感を維持していることが分かる。また、実施例12は、比較例に比べて、揚げムラがなく、きれいな狐色の揚げ色がついており、良好な外観を有していることが分かる。
【0046】
試験例5(エビフライ)
殻を剥き、筋きりをしたブラックタイガー(約15g)に、表7に示す配合の各フライ用ブレダーをまぶし、余分なブレダーを落としてから、試験例4で用いたものと同様のバッター液を絡めてから生パン粉(8mm)を付け、−30℃にて急速凍結し、−20℃にて14日間保存した。そして、175℃にて3分30秒間油ちょうして、室温にて10分間放置したもの(直後)について、経験豊かなパネラー10名で試食し、食感及び衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感について評価を行った。食感の評価は、試験例4と同様の基準で行った。また、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感については、衣の内側にヌメリ感がなく、ねたつきのないもの5点として、ヌメリ感が強くなるにしたがって点数を低くし、衣の内側にヌメリ感があり、ねたつくものものを0点とし、その平均で表した。これらの結果を表7に示す。
【0047】
【表7】
【0048】
表7に示されるように、実施例13は、大豆水抽出粉末を含まない比較例14、穀物粗粒物を含まない比較例15、膨脹剤を含まない比較例16、乳化剤を含まない比較例17などに比べて、油ちょう直後の食感に優れており、また、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感もないことが分かる。
【0049】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明のフライ用ブレダーは、大豆水抽出粉末と、穀物粗粒物と、膨脹剤と、乳化剤とを含むことにより、油ちょう直後の衣の食感を良好にすることができる共にこの食感の経時変化を少なくし、冷凍保存後に電子レンジ、オーブン等で再加熱あるいは油ちょうしても食感を良好に維持することができる。更に、揚げムラや、衣と具材の結着面のヌメリ感を防止して、良好な外観と食感を有するフライ食品を得ることができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention has a crispy and crispy texture immediately after frying, has little change over time in this texture, and further prevents frying unevenness and the slimy feeling of the binding surface between clothes and ingredients. About the bladder. In particular, the present invention relates to a frying bladder that is stored frozen before or after frying and can be suitably used for frozen fried foods that are cooked during eating.
[0002]
[Prior art]
One of the elements of the taste of fried food is the crispy texture of the clothes. This texture is relatively good immediately after the frying, but as the time after the frying elapses, the crispy feeling is lost due to the moisture of the ingredients being transferred to the garment, etc. It will be a garment. In addition, the sliminess of the binding surface between the clothes and the ingredients is also one of the factors that impair the texture.
[0003]
Such a problem occurs remarkably when the frozen fried food stored frozen before or after frying is heated or fried in a microwave oven or an oven.
[0004]
Conventionally, various techniques have been disclosed in order to improve the texture of the fried food as described above. For example, Japanese Patent No. 2995489 discloses a fry batter mix comprising at least 5% by weight of a hard ground hard wheat having a particle size of 32 mesh through 80 mesh over. Then, semolina of durum wheat is exemplified as a ground hard wheat flour, and it is described that an expanding agent, an emulsifier, or the like can be used as a raw material for batter.
[0005]
Japanese Patent No. 3243490 discloses that at least one emulsifier selected from sucrose fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester and lecithin is contained in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of fried flour. (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H11-27177) discloses a fried fried food characterized by the following formula, and describes that this fried fried food is particularly suitable as a dusting type.
[0006]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-65194 discloses a fry dressing material containing defatted soymilk powder obtained by pulverizing a water-extracted fraction of defatted soybean.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, Japanese Patent No. 2995489 and Japanese Patent No. 3243490 do not describe at all how to prevent deterioration of the texture of clothes when time has passed after frying or when cooked after frozen storage.
[0008]
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-65194 discloses a fry batter of a type in which a batter is dispersed in water and used as a batter.
[0009]
As described above, in order to improve the texture of fried food clothing, the use of a strong hard wheat crushed material having a particle size of 32 mesh through 80 mesh over, sucrose fatty acid ester, defatted soy milk powder, etc. It has also been proposed that, in the case of the glaze-type clothing material, the deterioration of the texture of the clothing when cooked after the time has elapsed after frying or frozen storage, fried unevenness, clothing and ingredients There is no disclosure of using these materials in order to prevent the slimy feeling of the binding surface, or using these materials in combination.
[0010]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a crispy crispy texture immediately after frying, a small change in this texture over time, and furthermore, uneven fried food and a slimy texture of the binding surface between the clothes and ingredients. An object of the present invention is to provide a fly bladder capable of preventing a feeling.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, a frying bladder according to the present invention is characterized by comprising a soybean water extract powder, a coarse grain, a leavening agent and an emulsifier.
[0012]
According to the present invention, by combining the above-described materials, the texture of the clothes immediately after the frying can be improved, and the temporal change of the texture can be reduced. A good texture can be maintained even after reheating or frying. Further, it is possible to prevent frying unevenness and slimy feeling of the binding surface between the clothes and the ingredients.
[0013]
In the present invention, the soybean water-extracted powder is preferably contained in an amount of 1 to 20% by mass, and the coarse grain is preferably contained in an amount of 2 to 20% by mass. As a result, the texture of the clothes is better, the temporal change of the texture can be reduced, and the texture can be more favorably maintained even when cooked after frozen storage. In addition, frying unevenness and the slimy feeling of the binding surface between clothing and ingredients can be further reduced.
[0014]
Further, it is preferable that the cereal coarse particles contain 75% by mass or more of those that pass through a 32 mesh sieve and remain on an 80 mesh sieve. Thereby, the texture of the clothes can be further crisper.
[0015]
Further, the emulsifier is preferably a glycerin fatty acid ester and / or a sucrose fatty acid ester. Thereby, the fire of the clothes is improved, and clothes with a lighter texture can be obtained. Further, frying unevenness can be further reduced.
[0016]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the soybean water extraction powder is a powdered water extract obtained by extracting defatted soybeans with water and removing residues, for example, by adding 10 times the amount of water to defatted soybeans. An aqueous solution obtained by extracting a water-soluble component and removing a residue by centrifugation or the like is dried and powdered.
[0017]
In addition, the coarse-grained grain refers to a crushed grain of wheat, corn, rice, oat, and the like, and specifically, a crushed grain that passes through a 32 mesh sieve and remains on an 80 mesh sieve. Mainly. In the present invention, those containing 75% by mass or more of the crushed grain remaining on the 80-mesh sieve after passing through the 32-mesh sieve are preferably used. In particular, those containing less than 70% by mass of the crushed grain remaining on the sieve and containing at least 75% by mass of the crushed grain remaining on the 80-mesh sieve are particularly preferably used. If the grain size of the coarse grain is larger than 32 mesh, the texture of the clothes becomes hard, and the adhesion of the bladder during bleeding becomes poor, making it difficult to adhere uniformly. The effect of preventing the slimy feeling of the wearing surface is weakened. On the other hand, if the content of the crushed grain remaining on the 80-mesh sieve is too low, the desired texture cannot be obtained, and uneven frying and the slimy feeling of the binding surface between clothes and ingredients are prevented. No effect.
[0018]
In the present invention, among the above grains, ground wheat, corn, and rice are preferably used, and ground maize is particularly preferably used. In addition, the wheat may be any of strong, semi-strong, medium-strength and low-strength wheats, but preferably selumina of durum wheat which also has easy availability is used, and rice is non-glutinous rice and glutinous rice. May be any of
[0019]
The expanding agent can be used without any particular limitation. However, when 4 g of the expanding agent is added to 100 mL of water at 50 ° C. and stirred, the accumulated gas amount is 5 to 45 mL in 30 seconds from the start of stirring, and 60 seconds. A mixture of sodium bicarbonate, oil and fat, and an acid agent is preferably used so as to be 50 to 100 mL and 100 to 150 mL in 90 seconds. In addition, starch, flour, etc. may be contained as an excipient as needed. By using such an expanding agent, the texture of the clothes can be made more crispy.
[0020]
Edible oils and fats that are solid at ordinary temperature are preferably used as the oils and fats, for example, solid oils and fats such as head, lard, butter, rapeseed oil, soybean oil, palm oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, Liquid oil containing vegetable oils such as peanut oil, grape seed oil, or liquid oils such as fish and whale oil, or esters obtained by subjecting a fat and oil and glycerin to a transesterification reaction or by applying a lipase to a mixture of a fatty acid and glycerin. Solid fats and oils obtained by hydrogenating fats and oils are exemplified. Examples of the acidic agent include, for example, tartaric acid, potassium hydrogen tartrate, fumaric acid, sodium fumarate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, calcined alum, calcined ammonium alum, glucono-delta lactone And gluconate are preferably used.
[0021]
The mixing ratio of each of the above components in the expanding agent is not particularly limited as long as it is a mixture adjusted so as to obtain the desired foaming characteristics, but 20 to 55% by mass of sodium hydrogencarbonate, 1 to 20% by mass of fats and oils, 20 to 60% by mass of the agent is preferred.
[0022]
The amount of gas generated by the inflating agent is measured in accordance with the method for measuring generated gas described in the standards for foods, additives, etc., specified in Article 7, Paragraph 1 and Article 10 of the Food Sanitation Law. Just fine. That is, a flask containing 100 ml of water at 50 ° C. and a stirrer is placed in a water bath at 50 ° C., and 4 g of the swelling agent measured accurately is wrapped in an oblate and charged into the flask. Immediately after the charging, the flask is connected to the gas burette with an outer tube with a three-way cock (in an open state), and the level of the level jar is adjusted so that the liquid level of the gas burette matches the zero scale. Then, open the three-way cock on the flask side and turn the stirrer to start the reaction. After 30 seconds, 60 seconds, and 90 seconds from the start of the reaction, adjust the liquid level of the level bottle and the gas burette to the scale. V (ml) is read, and the temperature t (° C.) of the generated gas at that time is read with a thermometer. Then, the generated gas amount Vo (ml) in the standard state is obtained by the following equation. A blank experiment value v (ml) is separately obtained and corrected.
[0023]
(Equation 1)
Vo = (V−v) × {(P−p) / 101} × {273 / (273 + t)}
Here, P is the atmospheric pressure (kPa) at the time of measurement, and p is the water vapor pressure (kPa) at t ° C.
[0024]
The emulsifier may be any emulsifier that can be added to food, and specifically, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester including organic acid monoglyceride, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, propylene glycol fatty acid Examples thereof include esters, soybean phospholipids, egg yolk phospholipids, and so-called enzyme-treated lecithin obtained by treating these phospholipids with an enzyme. In the present invention, particularly, glycerin fatty acid esters and / or sucrose fatty acid esters are preferably used.
[0025]
In the present invention, it is important to use the above-mentioned soybean water-extracted powder, cereal coarse particles, swelling agent and emulsifier in combination, and if any one of them is missing, the intended frying bladder cannot be obtained. The blending ratio of each of the above components in the fry bladder of the present invention is such that the soybean water-extracted powder is 1 to 20% by mass (more preferably 1 to 10% by mass) relative to the whole fry bladder, 2 to 20% by mass (more preferably 2 to 15% by mass), 0.1 to 5% by mass of the expanding agent (more preferably 0.3 to 3% by mass), and 0.1 to 5% by mass of the emulsifier. % (More preferably 0.2 to 4% by mass).
[0026]
In addition, the fly bladder of the present invention can contain, as other components, components generally used for clothing. For example, flour, rice flour, corn flour, rye flour, oat flour, buckwheat flour, millet, millet, leeches and other flours, soy flour, mung bean flour, red bean flour and other bean flour, corn starch, waxy corn starch, Starches such as rice starch, wheat starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, sago starch and their modified starches, starch hydrolysates (dextrins), bread crumbs, cracker powder, crushed nuts, egg yolk powder, egg white powder, whole egg powder Such as egg powder, soy protein, pea protein, milk protein, dairy products such as whole milk powder, skim milk powder, whey powder, fats and oils, emulsifiers, monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, xylose, trehalose, sucrose (sugar) , Maltose, lactose, palatinose and other disaccharides, oligosaccharides, invert sugars and other sugars, sugar alcohols, thickening polysaccharides, eggshell powder, shell powder, food , Sodium glutamate, powdered soy sauce, meat, seafood and plant extract powder, seasonings such as amino acids, organic acids and salts thereof, nucleic acids and salts thereof, spices and spice extracts, coloring agents, vitamins, minerals, vegetables, It may contain seaweed, fruit crushed pieces or powder, etc. as appropriate.
[0027]
The bladder for frying of the present invention is used as a so-called glare-type clothing material used in powder form, for example, directly on ingredients such as poultry meat, seafood, vegetables, or after attaching batter liquid, It can be used for frying with a fly bladder. In particular, it can be suitably used as a clothing material for frozen fried food which is heated or cooked at the time of eating when the ingredient to which the clothing material is adhered is preserved as it is or fried.
[0028]
The fried food using the fry bladder of the present invention has a crispy and crispy texture immediately after frying, and this texture is favorably maintained over time. In addition, even if the food is cooked (oven, microwave oven, or fried) when eating, it can be made crispy even if the food is cooked (oven, microwave oven, oil fry) as it is, or after it is fried and fried. State can be maintained.
[0029]
The bladder for frying of the present invention can also be used as flour, for example, after adhering a frying bladder to ingredients, entangled with batter liquid, and further, if necessary, adhering bread crumbs, cracker flour, etc. It can also be used when frying. When used as a powder as described above, fried foods having a good appearance can be obtained by preventing frying unevenness, and slimy feeling on the binding surface between clothes and ingredients can be prevented.
[0030]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. In the following examples, the grains shown in Tables 1 and 2 were used as coarse grains and swelling agents.
[0031]
[Table 1]
[0032]
[Table 2]
[0033]
Test Example 1 (Fried mackerel)
Mackerel fillets (30 g) were covered with each of the frying bladders having the composition shown in Table 3 and fried at 175 ° C. for 3 minutes. After frying, the mixture was quickly frozen at −30 ° C., stored at −20 ° C. for 14 days, and then heated in a microwave (500 W) for 20 seconds / piece. Then, what was left at room temperature for 10 minutes (immediately) was tasted by ten experienced panelists and evaluated. The evaluation was 5 points, which were very crisp, crisp and had no oily stickiness, and the score was lowered as the texture worsened. The crispness was very poor, there was no crispness and the oil was sticky. The item with the worst sensation was assigned a score of 0 and expressed as an average. Table 3 shows the results.
[0034]
[Table 3]
[0035]
As shown in Table 3, Examples 1 and 2 were Comparative Examples 1 containing no soybean water-extracted powder, Comparative Examples 2 containing no cereal coarse particles, Comparative Examples 3 containing no leavening agent, and containing no emulsifier. It can be seen that, compared to Comparative Example 4 and the like, even after heating in a microwave oven after frozen storage, a good texture is maintained. In particular, it can be seen that Example 1 in which glycerin fatty acid ester was used as an emulsifier had a better texture than Example 2 in which lecithin was used as an emulsifier.
[0036]
Test Example 2 (Fried cod)
A batter solution was entangled with the cod fillet (45 g), excess batter solution was cut off, and each fry bladder having the composition shown in Table 4 was dusted and fried at 175 ° C. for 1 minute. In Example 8, the batter for frying shown in Table 4 was sprinkled with the frying bladder having the composition shown in Table 4 after the batter for frying shown in Example 11 was sprayed on the ingredients beforehand.
[0037]
Then, after frying, the mixture was quickly frozen at -30 ° C, stored at -20 ° C for 14 days, and then re-frozen at 175 ° C for 7 minutes. After the re-oiling, the sample was left at room temperature for 10 minutes (immediately), and after the re-oiling, the sample was left at room temperature for 3 hours. Samples were tasted by 10 experienced panelists and evaluated. The evaluation was 5 points for a crisp and crispy texture that was very crisp and crispy, and the score was lowered as the texture worsened, and 0 points for a very crisp and poor crispy texture. , Expressed as the average. Table 4 shows the results. The batter was prepared by adding 61.9 g of wheat flour, 30 g of starch, 3 g of soybean protein, 2 g of trehalose, 1 g of swelling agent, 1 g of pregelatinized starch, 1 g of emulsifier, 0.1 g of thickening polysaccharide and 160 g of water.
[0038]
[Table 4]
[0039]
As shown in Table 4, Examples 3 to 8 maintain a good texture immediately after re-oiling, and even after a lapse of time after re-oiling, as compared with Comparative Example 5 which does not contain the soybean water-extracted powder. You can see that it is doing. In particular, it can be seen that in Example 8 in which the batter was entrapped beforehand with the frying bladder of Example 11, and the batter was entangled, the texture was extremely excellent. In addition, Examples 3 to 5 and 8 using the expanding agent A were compared with Example 6 using the expanding agent B and Example 7 using the expanding agent C when the time after re-oiling had passed. It turns out that it is excellent in texture.
[0040]
Test example 3 (fried chicken)
The batter solution was entangled with the chicken thigh (30 g), excess batter solution was cut off, and each fry bladder having the composition shown in Table 5 was dusted and fried at 175 ° C. for 1 minute. After frying, the mixture was rapidly frozen at −30 ° C., stored at −20 ° C. for 14 days, and then re-fried at 175 ° C. for 7 minutes. Then, after the re-oiling, the one left at room temperature for 10 minutes (immediately) and the one left at room temperature for three hours after the re-oiling were tasted by 10 experienced panelists. The evaluation was performed based on criteria. Table 5 shows the results. The batter solution was prepared by adding starch (47 g), wheat flour (25 g), oil and fat (25 g), emulsifier (1.5 g), swelling agent (0.5 g), and thickening polysaccharide (1.0 g) to water (250 mL).
[0041]
[Table 5]
[0042]
As shown in Table 5, Examples 9 to 11 include Comparative Example 6 containing no soybean water-extracted powder, Comparative Example 7 containing no cereal coarse particles, Comparative Example 8 containing no leavening agent, and containing an emulsifier. It can be seen that, as compared with Comparative Example 9 and the like, a good texture was maintained immediately after the re-frying and after the lapse of the time after the re-frying. In particular, it can be seen that Example 9 in which corn grits was used as the coarse-grained cereal grains had a very excellent texture.
[0043]
Test Example 4 (Oyster fly)
The raw oysters were covered with each of the frying bladders shown in Table 6 to remove the excess bladder, and after battering, the raw bread crumbs (10 mm) were added to the raw oysters, followed by quick freezing at -30 ° C. After storing at 20 ° C. for 14 days, the mixture was fried at 175 ° C. for 4 minutes. Then, after having been fried, left for 10 minutes at room temperature (immediately), and after having been fried, left for 3 hours at room temperature, tasted with 10 experienced panelists and evaluated the texture and appearance. Was. The evaluation of the texture was scored as 5 points when the texture was very crisp and crispy, and the score was lowered as the texture worsened, and as 0 points when the texture was very poor and the crispness was poor. Expressed as an average. Regarding the appearance, 5 points were given for the beautiful fox-colored fried color without fried unevenness, and the score was lowered as the fried unevenness increased, and 0 points for the whole area where burnt fried unevenness was observed. , Expressed as the average. Table 6 shows the results. The batter was prepared by adding 50 g of wheat flour, 40 g of starch, 5 g of soybean protein, 5 g of pregelatinized starch, 1 g of emulsifier, 0.4 g of thickening polysaccharide and 200 mL of water.
[0044]
[Table 6]
[0045]
As shown in Table 6, Example 12 is Comparative Example 10 containing no soybean water extract powder, Comparative Example 11 containing no cereal coarse particles, Comparative Example 12 containing no leavening agent, and Comparative Example containing no emulsifier. It can be seen that, compared to 13 or the like, a good texture is maintained immediately after the frying, and even after the lapse of the time after the frying. Further, it can be seen that Example 12 had no fried unevenness, had a beautiful fox-colored fried color, and had a good appearance as compared with the comparative example.
[0046]
Test Example 5 (Shrimp fry)
The shells were peeled, and the scribed black tiger (approximately 15 g) was dusted with each of the frying bladders shown in Table 7 to remove excess bladders. Then, the same batter solution used in Test Example 4 was used. After entanglement, fresh bread crumbs (8 mm) were added, rapidly frozen at −30 ° C., and stored at −20 ° C. for 14 days. Then, fried at 175 ° C for 3 minutes and 30 seconds and left at room temperature for 10 minutes (immediately after), tasted with 10 experienced panelists, and evaluated the texture and the slime of the binding surface between clothing and ingredients. The feeling was evaluated. The evaluation of the texture was performed according to the same criteria as in Test Example 4. In addition, as for the slimy feeling of the binding surface between the clothes and the ingredients, there are no slimy feelings inside the garment and 5 points without stickiness, the score is reduced as the slimy feeling becomes stronger, Those that had a slimy feeling and were sticky were scored as 0 points and expressed as the average. Table 7 shows the results.
[0047]
[Table 7]
[0048]
As shown in Table 7, Example 13 is Comparative Example 14 containing no soybean water extract powder, Comparative Example 15 containing no cereal coarse particles, Comparative Example 16 containing no leavening agent, Comparative Example not containing an emulsifier. Compared to No. 17, the texture immediately after the frying is excellent, and it can be seen that there is no slimy feeling on the binding surface between the clothes and the ingredients.
[0049]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the frying bladder of the present invention improves the texture of clothes immediately after frying by including a soybean water extraction powder, a coarse grain, an expander, and an emulsifier. In addition, the change in the texture over time can be reduced, and the texture can be maintained satisfactorily even after being frozen and stored in a microwave oven, an oven, or the like, or re-fried. Furthermore, fried foods having good appearance and texture can be obtained by preventing uneven frying and slimy feeling on the binding surface between clothes and ingredients.
Claims (4)
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JP2009082024A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Kentucky Fried Chicken Japan Ltd | Dye type fried food material and fried food using the material |
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JP2015195781A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-11-09 | 日清フーズ株式会社 | A mix for fried chicken |
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JP2009082024A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2009-04-23 | Kentucky Fried Chicken Japan Ltd | Dye type fried food material and fried food using the material |
JP2013085478A (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-05-13 | Fuji Oil Co Ltd | Batter mixed with rice raw material and fried food prepared using the same |
WO2013073227A1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-05-23 | 株式会社ニチレイフーズ | Batter for deep-fried product, deep-fried product, and production method for deep-fried product |
JP5266423B1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社ニチレイフーズ | Batter for fried food, fried food, and method for manufacturing fried food |
JP2015195781A (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2015-11-09 | 日清フーズ株式会社 | A mix for fried chicken |
CN114651960A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-24 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of non-phosphorus swelling agent for wrapping powder |
CN114651960B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-11-28 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Preparation method and application of phosphorus-free leavening agent for wrapping powder |
WO2025096426A1 (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2025-05-08 | Cargill, Incorporated | Instant plant-based food composition |
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