JP2004002355A - New anticoagulant - Google Patents
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- JP2004002355A JP2004002355A JP2003091903A JP2003091903A JP2004002355A JP 2004002355 A JP2004002355 A JP 2004002355A JP 2003091903 A JP2003091903 A JP 2003091903A JP 2003091903 A JP2003091903 A JP 2003091903A JP 2004002355 A JP2004002355 A JP 2004002355A
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Abstract
【課題】血栓症状の予防および治療、あるいは医療用具の表面処理に使用できる、安価で安全な抗血液凝固剤、そしてこの抗血液凝固剤を含む抗血栓症剤、また、この抗血液凝固剤を含む医療用具の血液接触面処理剤を提供する。
【解決手段】グルコースとグルクロン酸とラムノースの存在比が2モル:1モル:1モルである構成単位を有する多糖、好ましくは式(1)の構成単位を有する多糖、更に好ましくはジェランの水酸基を部分的に硫酸化した化合物を含む抗血液凝固剤、およびこの血液凝固剤を含む抗血栓症剤または医療用具の血液接触面処理剤。
【選択図】 なしAn inexpensive and safe anticoagulant which can be used for prevention and treatment of thrombotic symptoms, or surface treatment of medical devices, an antithrombotic agent containing the anticoagulant, and an anticoagulant containing the anticoagulant A blood contact surface treatment agent for a medical device comprising the same.
SOLUTION: The polysaccharide having a constitutional unit in which the ratio of glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose is 2 mol: 1 mol: 1 mol, preferably the polysaccharide having the constitutional unit of the formula (1), more preferably the hydroxyl group of gellan An anticoagulant containing a partially sulfated compound, and an antithrombotic agent or a blood contact surface treatment agent for a medical device containing the blood coagulant.
[Selection diagram] None
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、血液の凝固を阻止して血栓症状の予防および治療にあるいは医療用具の表面処理に使用される、原料多糖が有する水酸基が部分的に硫酸エステル化された硫酸化多糖類または該硫酸化多糖類を部分構造として有する化合物、特に硫酸化ジェランを含む新規な抗血液凝固剤に関する。なお、本明細書においては、硫酸エステル化を硫酸化と、水酸基が部分的に硫酸エステル化された多糖を硫酸化多糖と称することがある。
【従来の技術】
ヘパリンは動物由来のムコ多糖体硫酸塩であって、哺乳動物(牛、子羊、豚)の腸あるいは肺に存在し、抗血液凝固作用(抗血栓作用)を有する。このためヘパリンは、長年の間、血液凝固系に異常のある疾患の治療や予防、および人工透析・人工心肺などを用いた体外循環血液の凝固抑制など臨床上広く用いられてきた。さらには、生体内に導入される医療器具に抗血液凝固性を付与するためにも用いられてきた。
現在、血液の凝固は、多数の蛋白分解酵素が一定した順序で互いに活性化するカスケード様行程からなる複雑な系であることが判っており、その系に対するヘパリンの抗血液凝固活性のメカニズムもほぼ明らかとなってきている。
このようにヘパリンは貴重な薬物であるが、非常に多い量を与えた場合出血合併症の危険を伴う。これは血液凝固系の内因系、外因系どちらの系にもヘパリンが作用することに起因している。
近年、ヘパリンの低分子量フラクション(LMWヘパリンと称する)がヘパリンよりもより選択的作用を有する(内因系血液凝固作用のみを有する)ことが認められた。これはLMWヘパリンがヘパリンと類似の特異的抗因子Xa活性を有し、一方、全体的凝固に対するそれらの活性は有意に低いことを意味する。すなわち、LMWヘパリンはヘパリンと同様に有効な抗血液凝固活性を有しながら、出血合併症をおこすことが少ないという特徴を有する。
【0002】
これまでに、LMWヘパリンの製造法に関しては、ヘパリンの酸、アルカリなどによる化学的分解法(例えば、特許文献1、2参照)、ヘパリン分解酵素による解重合反応などの酵素的分解法(例えば、特許文献3参照)などが検討されてきた。しかしながら、ヘパリンそのものが高価である上に、LMWヘパリンはその調製に前記のような操作が必要であるため、さらに高価なものとなる。これらのヘパリンやLMWヘパリンは先に述べたように牛、豚、子羊などの肺、腸を原料に抽出精製したものであり、基本的に何らかのウイルスやプリオンの混入を完全に排除する事は出来ない。この危険性により牛海綿状脳症(BSE)の流行以来、牛臓器由来のヘパリンの使用が禁止され、価格の高騰を招いた。このため安全でかつ安価な抗血液凝固剤の開発が望まれていた。
【0003】
【特許文献1】
特開昭63−191801号公報
【特許文献2】
特開平2−64102号公報
【特許文献3】
特開平3−247297号公報
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、血栓症状の予防および治療、あるいは医療用具の表面処理に使用できる、安価で安全な抗血液凝固剤を提供することである。さらに本発明の目的は、この抗血液凝固剤を含む抗血栓症剤を提供することであり、また、この抗血液凝固剤を含む医療用具の血液接触面処理剤を提供することである。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者は、上記問題点を解決するために鋭意研究を行った。その結果、グルコースとグルクロン酸とラムノースの存在比が2モル:1モル:1モルである構成単位を有する原料多糖、好ましくは式(1)の構成単位を有する原料多糖、更に好ましくはジェランの水酸基を部分的に硫酸化した硫酸化多糖が、ヘパリン、LMWヘパリンと同様の抗血液凝固活性を有することを見出した。すなわち、本発明により、安価な多糖を既存の方法で硫酸化することで得られる硫酸化多糖を、ヘパリンまたはLMWヘパリンの代替として提供することが可能となった。
【0006】
本発明は下記の構成を有する。
(1)グルコースとグルクロン酸とラムノースの存在比が2モル:1モル:1モルである構成単位を有する多糖を原料とし、該原料多糖が有する水酸基の8〜80%が硫酸エステル化された硫酸化多糖または該硫酸化多糖を部分構造として有する化合物を含有する抗血液凝固剤。
(2)原料多糖が下記の式(1)で示される構成単位を有する多糖である、前記(1)項に記載の抗血液凝固剤。
(3)原料多糖がジェランである、前記(1)項に記載の抗血液凝固剤。
【0007】
(4)原料多糖が有する水酸基の20〜50%が硫酸エステル化された硫酸化多糖または該硫酸化多糖を部分構造として有する化合物を含有する、前記(1)〜(3)項のいずれか1項に記載の抗血液凝固剤。
(5)硫酸化多糖の平均分子量が1〜1000KDaである、前記(1)〜(4)項のいずれか1項に記載の抗血液凝固剤。
(6)硫酸化多糖の平均分子量が1〜30KDaである、前記(1)〜(4)項のいずれか1項に記載の抗血液凝固剤。
【0008】
(7)前記(1)〜(6)項のいずれか1項に記載の抗血液凝固剤を含む抗血栓症剤。
(8)心筋梗塞、脳梗塞または静脈血栓の予防および治療に使用される前記(7)項に記載の抗血栓症剤。
(9)静脈内投与、腸管投与または経口投与用の単位製剤の形に加工してなる前記(7)または(8)項に記載の抗血栓症剤。
【0009】
(10)前記(1)〜(6)項のいずれか1項に記載の抗血液凝固剤を含む、医療用具の血液接触面処理剤。
(11)前記(10)項に記載の血液接触面処理剤を使用して処理された医療用具。
(12)前記(10)に記載の血液接触面処理剤を使用して処理されたカテーテル、採血用注射器、人工臓器、輸液パックまたは輸液チューブ。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本願発明の第1はグルコースとグルクロン酸とラムノースの存在比が2モル:1モル:1モルである構成単位を有する原料多糖の水酸基が部分的に硫酸化された硫酸化多糖を含有する抗血液凝固剤である。水酸基の硫酸化度、すなわち原料として使用する前記の多糖が有する水酸基の硫酸化率は8〜80%であり、20〜50%が好ましい。硫酸化多糖の平均分子量は1〜1000KDaが好ましく、1〜30KDaがより好ましい。
【0011】
本発明の抗血液凝固剤を構成する硫酸化多糖の原料の多糖は、化学合成されたものであっても、天然由来の微生物の発酵産物や海藻抽出物などであってもよく、特に起源は限定されるものではない。また、それらは塩酸、硫酸、トリフルオロ酢酸またはその他の酸および水酸化ナトリウムなどのアルカリ化合物などによる加水分解により、あらかじめ低分子量化してから硫酸化反応に用いる事が出来る。
【0012】
原料多糖の具体例として、式(1)の構成単位を有する多糖をあげることができる。
【0013】
原料多糖としてさらに具体的には、式(1)の構成単位からなる多糖、すなわち、シュードモナス エロデア(Pseudomonas elodea)が生産する多糖類を脱アシル化処理後精製したジェラン(gellan CAS 71010−52−1)があげられる。ジェランはグルコース、グルクロン酸、ラムノースが主成分である多糖類で、安価に大量に入手することが可能であるから、本発明に好ましく使用する事ができる。
【0014】
多糖の硫酸化の方法は通常知られている方法が利用できる。例えば、インターナショナル オブ ジャーナル オブ バイオロジカル マクロモレキュルズ(International Journal of Biological Macromolecules)28,381(2001)に宮本 啓一らによって紹介された、ジメチルホルムアミド(DMF)中でクロロスルホン酸を作用させる方法や、DMF中でDMF/SO3複合体を作用させる方法である。また他にジオキサン−SO3複合体、トリメチルアミン−SO3複合体、ピリジン−SO3複合体などの無水硫酸複合体を作用させる方法が使用可能である。原料の多糖の分子量、反応条件を変えることにより、任意の分子量と硫酸化度を有する硫酸化多糖を得る事ができる。
【0015】
本発明の抗血液凝固剤には上記の硫酸化多糖が好ましく用いられるが、これら硫酸化多糖を部分構造として有する化合物も同様に用いることができる。硫酸化多糖を導入する基質の例は、アミノ基を有する多糖、アミノ基を有するポリアミノ酸、およびアミノ基を導入した多糖類などである。アミノ基を有する多糖の具体例はキトサンである。アミノ基を有するポリアミノ酸の具体例はポリリジンである。アミノ基を導入した多糖類の具体例はアミノ化セルロースである。その他、本発明の硫酸化多糖の抗血液凝固性を失する物で無ければどのような化合物と結合しても問題ない。
【0016】
硫酸化多糖を上記の基質に導入する方法の例は、水溶性カルボジイミド(WSC)を触媒に用いて、硫酸化多糖のカルボキシル基と基質のアミノ基を結合する方法、硫酸化多糖の還元末端アルデヒド基と基質のアミノ基を弱アルカリ条件下で反応させ還元剤(テトラヒドロホウ酸ナトリウムやジメチルアミンボラン等)で処理して結合させる方法などである。その他、本発明の硫酸化多糖の抗血液凝固性を失する物で無ければその結合方法は特に限定されるものではない。
【0017】
本願発明の第2は、本願発明の第1の新規な抗血液凝固剤を含む抗血栓症剤である。
前記の方法で作製した抗血液凝固剤は、ヘパリンおよびLMWヘパリンに対し通常なされている方法に準じた方法で、薬剤投与の形態に変換できる。例えば注射剤とするため水に溶解し、調剤上許容される補助剤(防腐剤およびある種の塩など)を添加することもできる。このような注射剤は、皮下又は静脈内注射(適切には間欠的に)もしくはインフュージョンとして、臨床的に応用される。他の投与方法として、スプレー吸入による肺内投与、又は軟膏剤やクリームによる経皮投与、又は坐薬による粘膜投与も可能である。
【0018】
調製された抗血栓症剤は、心筋梗塞、脳梗塞または静脈血栓の予防および治療に用いることができる。これらの疾患は血管中での血液凝固による血栓形成が引き金となって起こる。血栓形成の初期段階における本発明の抗血栓症剤投与は血栓形成の進行を遅延させる事が出来る為、予防および治療の目的として非常に有効である。これら抗血栓症剤の投与方法は病態に応じて適切に行われる必要があり、主な手法としては注射による皮下投与や静脈投与、錠剤化しての経口投与、坐薬としての腸管投与などが挙げられる。この他、軟膏剤や湿布剤による経皮投与やスプレー吸入による肺内投与など、薬剤を適切な形態としてその形態に応じた投与方法を選択するのであればいかなる投与方法、薬剤形態としても何ら問題ない。
【0019】
本願発明の第3は、本願発明の第1の新規な抗血液凝固剤を含む医療用具の血液接触面処理剤であり、当該処理剤を使用して処理された医療用具である。
血液と接触するカテーテル、採血用注射器、人工臓器、輸液パック、輸液チューブなどに代表される医療用器具は、血液凝固の阻止を目的にヘパリンなどによる表面処理がなされている。本発明の抗血液凝固剤もこれらと同様に医療用器具表面における血液凝固の阻止に使用できる。医療用具の表面を処理する具体的な方法の例は、医療用具の表面を、硫酸化多糖を物理吸着または化学結合させることができる置換基で修飾し、硫酸化多糖を物理吸着または化学結合させる方法、硫酸化した多糖を他の置換基を有する化合物と結合させ、医療用具表面に結合させる方法、および硫酸化多糖の一部を他の置換基で置換し医療用具表面に結合させる方法である。本発明の硫酸化多糖の抗血液凝固性を失する事が無ければ、この他いかなる手法でもって結合させてもなんら問題は無い。
【0020】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について実施例および比較例を用いて詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものでは無い。実施例において使用する用語の定義および測定方法は以下の通りである。
(1)平均分子量(KDa):合成した硫酸化多糖を0.2mol/l−NaCl水溶液(イオン交換水にて調製)に1.0mg/mlの濃度で溶解し、同じNaCl水溶液を溶出液としたHPLCによるゲルろ過法により平均分子量を測定した。使用するカラムはShodex Ionpak KS−804およびKS−Gを使用し溶出物の検出は示差屈折率検出器により測定した。別途測定した分子量既知のプルラン(Shodex STANDARD P−82)により溶出時間と分子量の検量線を作成し、検量線に当てはめる事で当該物質の平均分子量を決定した。
(2)水酸基の硫酸化率(%):原料多糖が有する水酸基のうち硫酸エステル化された割合を百分率で表示した。合成した硫酸化多糖の全S量をICPによる元素分析により測定し、イオンクロマトグラフィーにより硫酸化多糖本体から遊離した遊離S量を測定した。全S量から遊離S量を差し引いた結合S量から水酸基の硫酸化率を算出した。
(3)正常血液凝固時間(秒):プラスチック試験管(IWAKI社製3.3ml採血管)に硫酸化多糖を50μlであらかじめ分注し(濃度は最終濃度が測定濃度になるように調製しておく)、健常者から採血した直後の血液を硫酸化多糖の入った試験管に1mlずつ加え、すばやく混和し、試験管を反復傾斜させ流動性が消失した時間(秒)を計測した。
【0021】
(4)活性化部分トロンボプラスチン(APTT)時間:本法は内因系凝固の動態を検査する方法で、第XII因子、第XI因子、高分子キニノゲン、プレカリクレイン、第IX因子、第VIII因子、第X因子、第V因子、第II因子(プロトロンビン)、第I因子(フィブリノーゲン)の質・量的異常に感受性を持つ。まず、プラスチック試験管にクエン酸加採血(1/10容の3.13wt%クエン酸ナトリウム添加)した正常(健常者ボランティア)血液を、3000rpmで10分間遠心分離し上清血漿を得た。測定は、被検血漿とAPTT試薬を混和後、塩化カルシウム液を加えた後のフィブリン析出時間(秒)を計測することで行った(自動測定装置使用)。被検血漿には硫酸化多糖を添加濃度0.001〜1mg/mlで添加し、基準対照は正常血漿を用いた。
(5)プロトロンビン(PT)時間:本法は外因系凝固の動態を検査する方法で、第II因子(プロトロンビン)、第V因子、第VII因子、第X因子、第I因子(フィブリノーゲン)の質・量的異常に感受性を持ち、第IX因子、第VIII因子の影響はほとんど受けない。まず、プラスチック試験管にクエン酸加採血(1/10容の3.13wt%クエン酸ナトリウム添加)した正常(健常者ボランティア)血液を、3000rpmで10分間遠心分離し上清血漿を得る。測定は、被検血漿とPT試薬(組織トロンボプラスチン・塩化カルシウム混合液)を添加しフィブリン析出時間(秒)を計測することで行った(自動測定装置使用)。被検血漿には硫酸化多糖のサンプルを添加濃度0.001〜1mg/mlで添加し、基準対照は正常血漿を用いた。
【0022】
実施例1
ジェラン(和光純薬製)2gをあらかじめ0.5mol/l−トリフルオロ酢酸水溶液200mlに添加し80℃下で30分間反応させ加水分解した。得られた低分子量化ジェランを窒素ガスシール下でDMF5gに添加し10時間、室温で攪拌し膨潤させた。その後、温度を40℃に上げてDMF/SO3錯体(SO3 18wt%)を14g添加し6時間反応させた。反応終了後氷冷し0.3gの水を添加して未反応のDMF/SO3錯体を分解、反応停止した。続いて2倍容量のエタノールを添加し反応物を沈殿させ濾過により回収した。回収した沈殿を20mlのイオン交換水に溶解し1mol/l−NaOHにて中和し、再び2倍容量のエタノールにて沈殿させ回収した。その後、回収した沈殿を純水に添加し2倍容量のエタノールで沈殿させる手法で精製・洗浄を計3回行い、50℃の減圧乾燥により1日乾燥し、硫酸化ジェランの粉末1.7g(収率61%)を得た。硫酸化ジェランの平均分子量を前述の手法で測定したところ8.4KDaであった。又、水酸基の硫酸化率は24.4%であった。
【0023】
APTT時間を測定したところ硫酸化ジェラン未添加のサンプルが30秒であったのに対し、硫酸化ジェランを1mg/mlの添加濃度で添加したサンプルでは95秒に延長していた。PT時間には有意な時間の延長は見られなかった。
【0024】
実施例2
使用原料として低分子量化していない通常のジェランを2g用い、硫酸化剤にクロロスルホン酸を3.6g使用し、反応温度を50℃で行った以外は実施例1に準じた手法で硫酸化したところ、平均分子量が23KDa、水酸基の硫酸化率が36.6%の硫酸化ジェランを得た。APTT時間、PT時間および正常血液を使用した凝固時間を測定したところ以下の表1の結果を得た。
【0025】
【0026】
実施例3
使用原料として実施例1に準じた手法で低分子量化したジェランを使用した他は実施例2と同じ条件で硫酸化したところ、分子量が13KDa、水酸基の硫酸化率が39.8%の硫酸化ジェランを得た。APTT時間、PT時間および正常血液を使用した凝固時間を測定したところ以下の表2の結果を得た。
【0027】
【0028】
実施例4
クロロスルホン酸の添加量を18gで行った他は実施例3と同じ条件で硫酸化したところ、分子量が9KDa、水酸基の硫酸化率が46.4%の硫酸化ジェランを得た。APTT時間、PT時間および正常血液を使用した凝固時間を測定したところ以下の表3の結果を得た。
【0029】
【0030】
比較例1
DMF/SO3錯体の添加量を0.4gで行った他は実施例1に準じた手法で硫酸化して得られた平均分子量9KDa、水酸基の硫酸化率5%の硫酸化ジェランにおいてはその1mg/mlの添加濃度でも正常血液凝固時間の延長は認められなかった。
【0031】
比較例2
硫酸化ジェランに代えて、ヘパリン(Scientific Protein Laboratories 製)のAPTT時間、PT時間および正常血液を使用した凝固時間を測定したところ、以下の表4の結果を得た。
【0032】
【0033】
比較例3
硫酸化ジェランに代えて、硫酸化多糖として代表的な市販のコンドロイチン硫酸(和光純薬製)について、正常血液を使用した血液凝固時間を測定したところ、0.01mg/mlの添加でもまったく血液凝固時間の延長は観察されなかった。
【0034】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明によりヘパリンと同様の抗血液凝固作用を有し、かつ低分子ヘパリンと同様の特異性を有する新しい抗血液凝固剤を、ヘパリンおよび低分子ヘパリンより安価に提供する事が可能となった。この抗血液凝固剤は抗血栓症剤や医療用具の血液接触面処理剤に使用することができる。[0001]
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a sulfated polysaccharide or a sulfated polysaccharide in which a hydroxyl group of a raw material polysaccharide is partially sulfated, which is used for prevention and treatment of thrombotic symptoms by preventing coagulation of blood or for surface treatment of medical devices. The present invention relates to a novel anticoagulant containing a compound having a polysaccharide as a partial structure, particularly a sulfated gellan. In this specification, sulfated esterification may be referred to as sulfated, and a polysaccharide having a hydroxyl group partially sulfated may be referred to as sulfated polysaccharide.
[Prior art]
Heparin is an animal-derived mucopolysaccharide sulfate, which is present in the intestine or lung of mammals (cattle, lamb, pig) and has an anticoagulant effect (antithrombotic effect). For this reason, heparin has been widely used clinically for many years, such as in the treatment and prevention of diseases having abnormalities in the blood coagulation system, and in the suppression of coagulation of extracorporeal circulating blood using artificial dialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass and the like. Furthermore, it has also been used to impart anticoagulant properties to medical devices introduced into a living body.
At present, blood clotting is known to be a complex system consisting of a cascade-like process in which many proteolytic enzymes activate each other in a certain order, and the mechanism of heparin's anticoagulant activity on that system is almost the same. It is becoming clear.
Heparin is thus a valuable drug, but at very high doses it carries the risk of bleeding complications. This is due to the action of heparin on both the intrinsic and extrinsic blood coagulation systems.
In recent years, it has been observed that a low molecular weight fraction of heparin (referred to as LMW heparin) has a more selective action than heparin (has only intrinsic blood coagulation action). This means that LMW heparins have similar specific anti-factor Xa activity as heparin, while their activity on global coagulation is significantly lower. That is, LMW heparin has a characteristic that it does not cause bleeding complications while having an effective anticoagulant activity like heparin.
[0002]
Heretofore, regarding the production method of LMW heparin, a chemical decomposition method of heparin using an acid, an alkali or the like (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2), an enzymatic decomposition method such as a depolymerization reaction using a heparin-degrading enzyme (for example, Patent Document 3) and the like have been studied. However, heparin itself is expensive, and LMW heparin is more expensive because the preparation described above requires such operations. These heparins and LMW heparins are extracted and purified from the lungs and intestines of cattle, pigs, lambs, etc. as described above, and it is basically possible to completely eliminate any virus or prion contamination. Absent. This danger has banned the use of heparin from bovine organs since the epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), leading to soaring prices. Therefore, development of a safe and inexpensive anticoagulant has been desired.
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-63-191801 [Patent Document 2]
JP-A-2-64102 [Patent Document 3]
JP-A-3-247297
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and safe anticoagulant which can be used for prevention and treatment of thrombotic symptoms or surface treatment of medical devices. It is a further object of the present invention to provide an antithrombotic agent containing the anticoagulant, and to provide a blood contact surface treatment agent for medical devices containing the anticoagulant.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present inventor has made intensive studies to solve the above problems. As a result, a raw material polysaccharide having a constitutional unit in which the ratio of glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose is 2 mol: 1 mol: 1 mol, preferably a raw material polysaccharide having a constitutional unit of the formula (1), more preferably a hydroxyl group of gellan Was found to have a similar anticoagulant activity to heparin and LMW heparin. That is, according to the present invention, a sulfated polysaccharide obtained by sulfating an inexpensive polysaccharide by an existing method can be provided as a substitute for heparin or LMW heparin.
[0006]
The present invention has the following configuration.
(1) Sulfuric acid obtained by using as a raw material a polysaccharide having a structural unit in which the abundance ratio of glucose, glucuronic acid, and rhamnose is 2 mol: 1 mol: 1 mol, and 8 to 80% of the hydroxyl groups of the raw polysaccharide are sulfated An anticoagulant comprising a polysaccharide or a compound having the sulfated polysaccharide as a partial structure.
(2) The anticoagulant according to the above (1), wherein the raw material polysaccharide is a polysaccharide having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1).
(3) The anticoagulant according to the above (1), wherein the raw material polysaccharide is gellan.
[0007]
(4) Any one of the above items (1) to (3), wherein 20 to 50% of the hydroxyl groups of the raw material polysaccharide contain a sulfated polysaccharide or a compound having the sulfated polysaccharide as a partial structure. Item 13. The anticoagulant according to Item.
(5) The anticoagulant according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the sulfated polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 1 to 1,000 KDa.
(6) The anticoagulant according to any one of (1) to (4), wherein the sulfated polysaccharide has an average molecular weight of 1 to 30 KDa.
[0008]
(7) An antithrombotic agent comprising the anticoagulant according to any one of the above (1) to (6).
(8) The antithrombotic agent according to the above (7), which is used for prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction or venous thrombosis.
(9) The antithrombotic agent according to the above (7) or (8), which is processed into a unit preparation for intravenous administration, intestinal administration or oral administration.
[0009]
(10) A blood contact surface treatment agent for a medical device, comprising the anticoagulant according to any one of the above (1) to (6).
(11) A medical device treated using the blood contact surface treatment agent according to the above (10).
(12) A catheter, a blood sampling syringe, an artificial organ, an infusion pack or an infusion tube treated using the agent for treating a blood contact surface according to (10).
[0010]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
A first aspect of the present invention is an antiblood containing a sulfated polysaccharide in which the hydroxyl groups of a raw material polysaccharide having a constitutional unit in which the abundance ratio of glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose is 2 mol: 1 mol: 1 mol is partially sulfated. It is a coagulant. The degree of sulfation of the hydroxyl group, that is, the rate of sulfation of the hydroxyl group of the polysaccharide used as a raw material is 8 to 80%, preferably 20 to 50%. The average molecular weight of the sulfated polysaccharide is preferably from 1 to 1,000 KDa, more preferably from 1 to 30 KDa.
[0011]
The polysaccharide as a raw material of the sulfated polysaccharide constituting the anticoagulant of the present invention may be a chemically synthesized one, a fermentation product of a naturally-occurring microorganism, a seaweed extract, or the like. It is not limited. In addition, they can be used for a sulfation reaction after being reduced in molecular weight in advance by hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, trifluoroacetic acid or other acids and an alkali compound such as sodium hydroxide.
[0012]
Specific examples of the raw material polysaccharide include a polysaccharide having a structural unit of the formula (1).
[0013]
More specifically, as a raw material polysaccharide, a polysaccharide comprising a structural unit of the formula (1), that is, a polysaccharide produced by Pseudomonas elodea is subjected to deacylation treatment and then purified to gellan CAS 71010-52-1. ). Gellan is a polysaccharide containing glucose, glucuronic acid and rhamnose as main components, and can be obtained in large quantities at low cost. Therefore, it can be preferably used in the present invention.
[0014]
As a method for sulfating the polysaccharide, a generally known method can be used. For example, a method of reacting chlorosulfonic acid in dimethylformamide (DMF) introduced by Keiichi Miyamoto et al. In International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 28, 381 (2001), introduced by Keiichi Miyamoto et al. This is a method of allowing a DMF / SO 3 complex to act in DMF. In addition, a method of reacting a sulfuric anhydride complex such as a dioxane-SO 3 complex, a trimethylamine-SO 3 complex, or a pyridine-SO 3 complex can be used. By changing the molecular weight of the raw material polysaccharide and the reaction conditions, a sulfated polysaccharide having an arbitrary molecular weight and a degree of sulfation can be obtained.
[0015]
Although the above-mentioned sulfated polysaccharide is preferably used for the anticoagulant of the present invention, a compound having such a sulfated polysaccharide as a partial structure can be similarly used. Examples of the substrate into which the sulfated polysaccharide is introduced include a polysaccharide having an amino group, a polyamino acid having an amino group, and a polysaccharide having an amino group. A specific example of a polysaccharide having an amino group is chitosan. A specific example of a polyamino acid having an amino group is polylysine. A specific example of a polysaccharide into which an amino group has been introduced is aminated cellulose. In addition, there is no problem in binding to any compound as long as it does not lose the anticoagulant property of the sulfated polysaccharide of the present invention.
[0016]
Examples of the method for introducing a sulfated polysaccharide into the above-mentioned substrate include a method in which a carboxyl group of the sulfated polysaccharide is bonded to an amino group of the substrate using water-soluble carbodiimide (WSC) as a catalyst, and a reducing terminal aldehyde of the sulfated polysaccharide. A method in which a group is reacted with an amino group of a substrate under a weak alkaline condition, and treated with a reducing agent (such as sodium tetrahydroborate or dimethylamine borane) to bond the groups. In addition, the binding method is not particularly limited as long as the sulfated polysaccharide of the present invention does not lose the anticoagulant property.
[0017]
A second aspect of the present invention is an antithrombotic agent containing the first novel anticoagulant of the present invention.
The anticoagulant prepared by the above method can be converted into a drug administration form by a method according to a method generally used for heparin and LMW heparin. For example, it may be dissolved in water to prepare an injection, and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant (such as a preservative and certain salts) may be added. Such injections are clinically applied as subcutaneous or intravenous injections (suitably intermittently) or as infusions. As other administration methods, pulmonary administration by spray inhalation, transdermal administration by ointments or creams, or mucosal administration by suppositories are also possible.
[0018]
The prepared antithrombotic agent can be used for prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction or venous thrombosis. These diseases are triggered by thrombus formation due to blood clotting in blood vessels. Administration of the antithrombotic agent of the present invention in the early stage of thrombus formation can delay the progress of thrombus formation and is therefore very effective for the purpose of prevention and treatment. The administration method of these antithrombotic agents must be appropriately performed according to the disease state, and the main methods include subcutaneous administration by injection, intravenous administration, tableted oral administration, intestinal administration as a suppository, and the like. . In addition, there are no problems with any administration method and drug form, as long as the drug is selected as an appropriate form and the administration method according to the form is selected, such as transdermal administration with an ointment or compress and intrapulmonary administration by spray inhalation. Absent.
[0019]
A third aspect of the present invention is a blood contact surface treatment agent for a medical device containing the first novel anticoagulant of the present invention, which is a medical device treated using the agent.
Medical devices such as catheters, blood sampling syringes, artificial organs, infusion packs, and infusion tubes that come into contact with blood are subjected to surface treatment with heparin or the like for the purpose of preventing blood coagulation. The anticoagulant of the present invention can also be used to prevent blood coagulation on the surface of a medical device in the same manner. An example of a specific method of treating the surface of a medical device is to modify the surface of the medical device with a substituent capable of physically adsorbing or chemically bonding the sulfated polysaccharide and physically adsorbing or chemically bonding the sulfated polysaccharide. A method in which a sulfated polysaccharide is bonded to a compound having another substituent and bonded to the surface of a medical device, and a method in which part of the sulfated polysaccharide is replaced with another substituent and bonded to the surface of a medical device. . As long as the anticoagulant property of the sulfated polysaccharide of the present invention is not lost, there is no problem in binding by any other method.
[0020]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples. The definitions of the terms used in the examples and the measuring method are as follows.
(1) Average molecular weight (KDa): The synthesized sulfated polysaccharide was dissolved at a concentration of 1.0 mg / ml in a 0.2 mol / l NaCl aqueous solution (prepared with ion-exchanged water), and the same NaCl aqueous solution was used as an eluate. The average molecular weight was measured by the gel filtration method using HPLC. The column used was Shodex Ionpak KS-804 and KS-G, and the detection of eluate was measured by a differential refractive index detector. A calibration curve of elution time and molecular weight was prepared using pullulan of a known molecular weight (Shodex STANDARD P-82), which was separately measured, and the average molecular weight of the substance was determined by applying the curve to the calibration curve.
(2) Sulfation rate (%) of hydroxyl group: The ratio of the hydroxyl group of the raw material polysaccharide which was sulfated was expressed in percentage. The total S content of the synthesized sulfated polysaccharide was measured by elemental analysis using ICP, and the amount of free S released from the sulfated polysaccharide body was measured by ion chromatography. The sulfation rate of hydroxyl groups was calculated from the bound S amount obtained by subtracting the free S amount from the total S amount.
(3) Normal blood coagulation time (seconds): 50 μl of a sulfated polysaccharide was previously dispensed into a plastic test tube (3.3 ml blood collection tube manufactured by IWAKI) (the concentration was adjusted so that the final concentration was the measured concentration). First, 1 ml of blood immediately after blood collection from a healthy person was added to a test tube containing sulfated polysaccharide, and the mixture was quickly mixed, and the test tube was repeatedly tilted to measure the time (second) at which fluidity disappeared.
[0021]
(4) Activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) time: This method is a method for examining the kinetics of intrinsic coagulation, and includes factor XII, factor XI, high molecular weight kininogen, prekallikrein, factor IX, factor VIII, and factor VIII. It is sensitive to qualitative and quantitative abnormalities of factor X, factor V, factor II (prothrombin), and factor I (fibrinogen). First, citrated blood (1/10 volume of 3.13 wt% sodium citrate added) was added to a plastic test tube, and normal (healthy volunteer) blood was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain supernatant plasma. The measurement was performed by mixing the test plasma and the APTT reagent, and then measuring the fibrin deposition time (second) after adding the calcium chloride solution (using an automatic measuring device). Sulfated polysaccharide was added to the test plasma at an addition concentration of 0.001 to 1 mg / ml, and normal plasma was used as a reference control.
(5) Prothrombin (PT) time: This method is a method for examining the kinetics of extrinsic coagulation, and the quality of factor II (prothrombin), factor V, factor VII, factor X, and factor I (fibrinogen). -Sensitive to quantitative abnormalities and hardly affected by Factors IX and VIII. First, normal (healthy volunteer) blood obtained by citrated blood collection (1/10 volume of 3.13 wt% sodium citrate added) is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain a supernatant plasma in a plastic test tube. The measurement was performed by adding a test plasma and a PT reagent (a mixed solution of tissue thromboplastin and calcium chloride) and measuring the fibrin deposition time (seconds) (using an automatic measurement device). A sulfated polysaccharide sample was added to the test plasma at an addition concentration of 0.001 to 1 mg / ml, and normal plasma was used as a reference control.
[0022]
Example 1
2 g of gellan (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was previously added to 200 ml of a 0.5 mol / l-trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution, and the mixture was hydrolyzed by reacting at 80 ° C. for 30 minutes. The obtained low molecular weight gellan was added to 5 g of DMF under a blanket of nitrogen gas, and the mixture was stirred for 10 hours at room temperature to swell. Thereafter, the temperature was raised to 40 ° C., 14 g of DMF / SO 3 complex (18 wt% of SO 3 ) was added, and the mixture was reacted for 6 hours. After the completion of the reaction, the mixture was cooled on ice and 0.3 g of water was added to decompose the unreacted DMF / SO 3 complex and stopped the reaction. Subsequently, twice the volume of ethanol was added to precipitate the reaction product, which was collected by filtration. The collected precipitate was dissolved in 20 ml of ion-exchanged water, neutralized with 1 mol / l-NaOH, and precipitated again with twice the volume of ethanol and collected. Thereafter, the collected precipitate was added to pure water and purified and washed three times in total by a method of precipitating with twice the volume of ethanol, and dried for one day by drying under reduced pressure at 50 ° C. to obtain 1.7 g of sulfated gellan powder ( Yield 61%). The average molecular weight of the sulfated gellan was determined to be 8.4 KDa by the aforementioned method. Further, the sulfation ratio of the hydroxyl group was 24.4%.
[0023]
When the APTT time was measured, the sample without sulfated gellan added was 30 seconds, whereas the sample with sulfated gellan added at a concentration of 1 mg / ml was extended to 95 seconds. There was no significant extension of PT time.
[0024]
Example 2
Sulfation was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 2 g of normal gellan not reduced in molecular weight was used as a raw material, 3.6 g of chlorosulfonic acid was used as a sulfating agent, and the reaction temperature was 50 ° C. However, sulfated gellan having an average molecular weight of 23 KDa and a sulfation ratio of a hydroxyl group of 36.6% was obtained. When the APTT time, the PT time, and the coagulation time using normal blood were measured, the results in Table 1 below were obtained.
[0025]
[0026]
Example 3
Sulfation was carried out under the same conditions as in Example 2 except that gellan having a reduced molecular weight was used in accordance with the method of Example 1 as a raw material to be used, and the molecular weight was 13 KDa, and the sulfation ratio of hydroxyl groups was 39.8%. I got gellan. When the APTT time, the PT time and the coagulation time using normal blood were measured, the results in Table 2 below were obtained.
[0027]
[0028]
Example 4
Sulfation was performed under the same conditions as in Example 3 except that the amount of chlorosulfonic acid added was 18 g. As a result, sulfated gellan having a molecular weight of 9 KDa and a sulfation rate of hydroxyl groups of 46.4% was obtained. When the APTT time, the PT time and the coagulation time using normal blood were measured, the results in Table 3 below were obtained.
[0029]
[0030]
Comparative Example 1
Except that the addition amount of the DMF / SO 3 complex was 0.4 g, sulfated gellan having an average molecular weight of 9 KDa and a sulfation rate of hydroxyl group of 5% obtained by sulfation according to the procedure of Example 1 was 1 mg. No prolongation of the normal blood coagulation time was observed even at the added concentration of / ml.
[0031]
Comparative Example 2
When the APTT time, the PT time, and the coagulation time using normal blood of heparin (manufactured by Scientific Protein Laboratories) were measured in place of sulfated gellan, the results in Table 4 below were obtained.
[0032]
[0033]
Comparative Example 3
The blood coagulation time of normal chondroitin sulfate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries) as a sulfated polysaccharide instead of sulfated gellan was measured. No time extension was observed.
[0034]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a new anticoagulant having the same anticoagulant activity as heparin and the same specificity as low-molecular-weight heparin at a lower cost than heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin. It has become possible. This anticoagulant can be used as an antithrombotic agent or a blood contact surface treatment agent for medical devices.
Claims (12)
The anticoagulant according to claim 1, wherein the raw material polysaccharide is a polysaccharide having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1).
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006298815A (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Akita Univ | Rare element cerium and its derivatives having anticoagulant action |
JP2007099875A (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-19 | Chisso Corp | Sulfated polysaccharide and process for producing the same |
JP2007210908A (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-23 | Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho | Antiviral agent |
JP2019014823A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-31 | 日華化学株式会社 | Treatment agent composition before washing living organism stain-adhered appliance, and treatment method before washing living organism stain-adhered appliance |
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WO1992017604A1 (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-15 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. | Anti-eda monoclonal antibody |
JPH1147263A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-02-23 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | Anticoagulant surface-treatment material |
-
2003
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Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO1992017604A1 (en) * | 1991-03-26 | 1992-10-15 | Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc. | Anti-eda monoclonal antibody |
JPH1147263A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-02-23 | Sumitomo Bakelite Co Ltd | Anticoagulant surface-treatment material |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006298815A (en) * | 2005-04-20 | 2006-11-02 | Akita Univ | Rare element cerium and its derivatives having anticoagulant action |
JP2007099875A (en) * | 2005-10-03 | 2007-04-19 | Chisso Corp | Sulfated polysaccharide and process for producing the same |
JP2007210908A (en) * | 2006-02-07 | 2007-08-23 | Kokuritsu Iyakuhin Shokuhin Eisei Kenkyusho | Antiviral agent |
JP2019014823A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2019-01-31 | 日華化学株式会社 | Treatment agent composition before washing living organism stain-adhered appliance, and treatment method before washing living organism stain-adhered appliance |
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