JP2003008043A - Solar power generation equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] To clarify the relationship between the installation direction of solar cells and the amount of solar radiation in a solar power generation facility in which solar cells are installed almost perpendicularly to the ground surface, and install the solar cell to maximize the amount of generated power. An object of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic power generation facility for setting a direction. SOLUTION: Frame frames 2a and 2b each having six solar cell modules 1 at an installation angle substantially perpendicular to the ground surface.
, Fixed to the support 3 supporting the solar cell, supported by the support 4 and the pedestal 5, embedded with a bearing mechanism in the pedestal 5, fixed to the foundation 6, and by the action of the bearing mechanism, the solar cell is mounted on the center axis of the support 3. The solar cell module can be freely rotated in the circumferential direction, and the side with high energy conversion efficiency of the solar cell module is installed facing south in winter.
In summer, it will be installed facing east or west.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a photovoltaic power generation facility using a solar cell module.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Photovoltaic power generation equipment is a pollution-free and environmentally friendly power generation equipment that uses solar cells. Due to the effects of recent subsidy projects in the country, its popularity has been rapidly expanding over the last few years. . Since a solar cell is an element that directly converts solar energy into electric energy, it is necessary to install the solar cell so as to receive solar energy as effectively as possible in order to efficiently generate electricity. Various studies have been conducted for the installation direction and installation angle of a solar cell that can most effectively obtain solar energy. Currently, in Japan, these data are summarized in the “Basic Survey of Electricity Generation” (Outstanding Research on Electricity Generation) conducted by the New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization (New Energy Industrial Technology Development Organization, March 1988), or revised. According to these data, which are the most commonly used national solar radiation related data maps, if the installation direction and angle of the solar cells are fixed, if the solar cells are installed at a tilt angle of around 30 in Honshu, the solar radiation will be the highest throughout the year. The result is that the amount can be obtained. For this reason, in Honshu, most solar cells are installed in the south and the inclination angle is fixed at about 20 to 30 except when special conditions are installed. In addition, when installing solar cells on the roof of an existing house, such as in a residential solar power generation system, the inclination angle may be set according to the inclination of the roof. The method of fixing and installing on the roof surface is generally adopted. Since the use of solar cells as residential solar power generation equipment, the use of solar cells as part of building materials has become active, and solar cells are being used as building wall materials. There is an example of installation. In such a case, the solar cell will be installed vertically to the ground surface, and sunlight will enter from a direction different from the conventional installation method. It will have different characteristics than in the case of installation. At present, single-sided solar cells that receive sunlight from only the front surface to generate power are used most of the time, but recently, not only the front surface, but also the back surface also receives sunlight to generate power. Double-sided light receiving solar cells are also being put to practical use. An example of a method of installing such a double-sided light receiving type solar cell is found in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-179367. Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-179367 proposes a method in which a solar cell is installed vertically to the ground surface and the front surface of the solar cell is fixed in the east direction and the back surface is fixed in the west direction, and the amount of generated power is also evaluated. . According to this method, the amount of power generated when the double-sided solar cell is installed as described above is equal to the conversion efficiency on the surface side of the double-sided solar cell, and the single-sided solar cell is installed at the optimum inclination angle. It is noted that there is no big difference with the amount of power generated in the case of doing.

[0003]

However, in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-179367, regardless of the season,
Since the front surface of the solar cell is fixed in the east direction and the back surface is fixed in the west direction, the amount of power generated by the solar cell for each season is not mentioned with respect to the installation direction. It is not clear whether the generated power can be obtained most efficiently. Further, as described above, in a solar power generation facility in which a single-sided or double-sided solar cell is installed vertically to the ground surface, sufficient consideration has conventionally been given to the installation method that maximizes the output conventionally. However, there was a problem in terms of effective use of energy.

In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to clarify the relationship between the installation direction of solar cells and the amount of solar radiation in a solar power generation facility in which solar cells are installed almost vertically to the ground surface, and It is to provide a solar power generation facility that sets the installation orientation that maximizes the installation.

[0005]

In order to solve the above problems, in a solar power generation facility in which the installation angle of the solar cell module is substantially perpendicular to the ground surface, the surface of the solar cell module on the side with high energy conversion efficiency. Will be installed facing south in winter and facing east or west in summer.

[0006]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. First, the relationship between the installation direction and the amount of solar radiation when the single-sided light receiving solar cell is installed and used substantially perpendicular to the ground surface will be described. The power generated by the solar cell is
Since it is almost determined by the amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the solar cell, it is necessary to install the solar cell so that the solar radiation can be obtained as much as possible. As the evaluation of the amount of solar radiation incident on the surface of the solar cell, the above-mentioned national solar radiation related data map is currently most commonly used. This data map shows the amount of solar radiation incident per unit area when the tilt angle is changed from 10 to 90 degrees at 10-degree pitch for each azimuth angle (every 15 degrees from south to north) at 801 points in Japan. It is calculated for each. From this data map, for each of the nine representative areas of Sapporo, Sendai, Mito, Tokyo, Kanazawa, Nagoya, Osaka, Hiroshima, and Fukuoka, per unit area of each azimuth incident on a plane with a tilt angle of 90 degrees (perpendicular to the ground surface) Fig. 2 shows the results of graphing the average monthly solar radiation incident on the.
In FIG. 2, the horizontal axis indicates the moon, and the vertical axis indicates the total amount of solar radiation per unit area per day. The azimuth parameter is 0 degrees south and 3
There are seven types that go north every 0 degrees. The nationwide solar radiation-related data map displays azimuth angles in only one direction because east and west solar radiation is targeted. Focusing on the solar radiation data in Sapporo from the graph in Fig. 2, although there is a slight difference in April, the monthly total solar radiation on the 0 degree (south facing) surface is the highest during the period from October to April. It is the result. Further, between May and August, the result is that the total solar radiation amount is 90 degrees, that is, the eastward or westward surface is the largest.
It can be seen that this phenomenon is not unique to Sapporo, but to all eight other regions. From the above analysis, when the single-sided solar cell is installed vertically to the ground surface and used, it should be installed in any area in Japan toward the south surface in winter from October to April.
It can be seen that the maximum amount of solar radiation can be obtained by installing the solar cells facing east or west in the summer months from August to August. That is,
When using a single-sided solar cell installed vertically,
The maximum power output can be obtained by changing the installation direction of the solar cell once in summer and winter.

Next, the relationship between the installation direction and the amount of generated electric power when the double-sided solar cell is used by being installed vertically to the ground surface will be described. In the case of a double-sided solar cell, the amount of incident light from the back surface as well as the front surface also affects the generated power. Therefore, in case of single-sided solar cell, the maximum incident amount is October-April: Southward May-August: Eastward (or westward) Whether it is applicable cannot be determined. Therefore, the optimum installation method of the double-sided solar cell will be examined below. Generally, in a double-sided solar cell, it is considered ideal that the front surface and the back surface have the same energy conversion efficiency, but it is difficult to make the back surface side energy conversion efficiency the same value as the front surface side. Then, the conversion efficiency on the back surface side is about 70 to 75% of that on the front surface side. Under these circumstances, the output characteristics of the double-sided solar cell will be considered below, assuming that the back surface conversion efficiency of the double-sided solar cell is 75% of the front surface. For double-sided solar cells,
The total value of the electric power generated by the sunlight incident on each of the front surface and the back surface is obtained as the power generation output. Therefore, when the conversion efficiencies of the front surface and the back surface are the same, the output of the solar cell is also maximum when the total incident solar radiation amount on the front surface and the back surface is maximum. On the other hand, if the conversion efficiency on the back surface is 75% of that on the front surface,
It is necessary to evaluate the back side power generation considering that the electric output can be obtained only 75% of the front side even if the same solar radiation as the front side enters the back side. However, from a different perspective, this is equivalent to thinking that the conversion efficiencies of the back surface and the front surface are the same and that the solar radiation entering the back surface is reduced to 75% of the actual value. That is, it can be considered that the conversion efficiencies of the front surface and the back surface are equal by considering the decrease in the conversion efficiency of the back surface as the decrease of the solar radiation amount of the back surface. The solar cell's electrical output is proportional to the amount of solar radiation, so if it can be considered that the conversion efficiencies on the front and back sides are equal as described above, the total amount of solar radiation on the front surface and 75% of the solar radiation on the back surface Under the maximum condition, the output of the solar cell is also maximum. Therefore, FIG.
Similarly, the maximum value of the electric output of the solar cell can be evaluated by the amount of solar radiation on both sides.

FIG. 3 shows the result of calculation of the amount of solar radiation incident on the front and back surfaces of the double-sided light receiving solar cell based on the above concept. 3 is a graph similar to that of FIG. 2 in which the amount of solar radiation incident on the front surface and the back surface of each direction is calculated, and the amount of solar radiation incident on the back surface is multiplied by 0.75 and the total amount of the front surface and the back surface is calculated. is there. From the results of FIG. 3, the conditions for obtaining the maximum amount of solar radiation in all nine areas are as follows. October-March: Southward April-September: Eastward (or westward) Although there is a time difference of about one month from the case of the single-sided solar cell shown in FIG. The result is almost the same as that of the single-sided solar cell. In other words, the double-sided solar cell can also obtain the maximum power generation output by changing the installation direction once in summer and winter. In the above description, the back surface conversion efficiency was evaluated as 75% of the surface conversion efficiency, but the back surface conversion efficiency was 50 to 10% of the surface conversion efficiency.
It has been confirmed that the same conclusion can be obtained even when the change is within the range of 0%, but the explanation is omitted here.

Based on the above-mentioned examination results, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the photovoltaic power generation equipment of the present invention. In FIG.
1 is a solar cell module, and each solar cell module is fixed by six frame frames 2a and 2b,
It is attached to a pillar 3 that supports a solar cell. The support column 3 is supported by a support member 4 and a pedestal 5, and is fixed to a foundation 6. Further, the foundation 6 is fixed to the ground by anchor bolts or the like, and is installed so that it can sufficiently withstand an external force such as a wind pressure load.

FIG. 4 shows the column 3, the support member 4, and the pedestal 5 of FIG.
The details of the mounting structure part of are shown. The pillar 3 has a structure in which a sufficient length is inserted into the base 6 so that the pillar 3 can be stably fixed to the base 6. The pillar 3 and the supporting member 4 are integrally formed by welding or the like, and the solar cell 1 and the frame frames 2a and 2b are formed.
Also, the load of the support column 3 is transmitted to the pedestal 5. Pedestal 5
Is fixed to the foundation 6 with a fixing bolt 5b, and the bearing mechanism 5a is embedded therein. Due to the action of the bearing mechanism 5a, the structure is such that it can freely rotate in the circumferential direction of the central axis of the column 3. With the above structure, the pillar 3 can be freely rotated, so that the solar cell 1, the frame 2a,
2b can be oriented in any direction. Further, the support member 4 is provided with fixing holes 7a to 7d at positions shown in FIG. 5 when viewed from above, and when the installation direction of the solar cell 1 is determined to face south or east and west, a pin is attached. Put it in and fix it in that position.

By adopting the above-described structure for the solar cell power generation equipment, the solar cell is oriented southward in the case of a single-sided light receiving solar cell and the energy conversion efficiency is improved in the case of a double-sided light receiving solar cell in winter. It is possible to install the surface (surface) on the high side facing south, and in summer, pull out the pins inserted into the fixing holes 7a to 7d to support the pillar 3
In a freely rotatable state, the pillar 3 is rotated 90 degrees to the right or left, and the pins are inserted and fixed in the fixing holes 7a to 7d again. Alternatively, it can be installed in the west direction, or in the case of a double-sided light receiving solar cell, the surface (surface) on the side with high energy conversion efficiency can be installed in the east or west direction. Here, in the case of a single-sided light receiving type solar cell, since only one side is formed by the solar cell, this one side can be referred to as the side on which the energy conversion efficiency is high. In the case of a double-sided light receiving solar cell, if the energy conversion efficiencies on both sides are equivalent, one of the two surfaces should be installed facing the south direction or the east (or west) direction.

FIG. 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention. The structure of the solar cell power generation facility is the same as that of FIG.
The structure of the support member 4 and the pedestal 5 is partly different from that of FIG. 4, and the bearing mechanism 5 is omitted. When the number of the solar cell modules 1 is small and the frame frames 2a, 2b and the columns 3 are light, the bearing mechanism is not required, and the handle 8 is rotated in the axial direction of the columns 3 as in the embodiment of FIG. It is possible to rotate the installation direction.

In the above-described embodiment of the present invention, the mechanism for manually rotating the support column 3 has been described, but it goes without saying that the same effect can be obtained even if the support column 3 is rotated by power using a hydraulic mechanism or the like.

[0014]

As described above, according to the present invention,
By changing the installation direction of the solar cell depending on the season, you can always obtain the maximum generated power from the solar power generation equipment that installs the solar cells almost vertically to the ground surface,
The solar cell can be used most effectively.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an embodiment of a photovoltaic power generation facility of the present invention

FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating solar radiation characteristics.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating solar radiation characteristics.

FIG. 4 is a detailed view of a mounting structure of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a detailed view of a mounting structure portion of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is another embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Solar cell, 2a ... Frame frame, 2b ... Frame frame,
3 ... Struts, 4 ... Support material, 5 ... Pedestal, 5a ... Bearing mechanism, 5b ... Fixing bolts, 6 ... Foundation, 7a-d ... Fixing holes, 8 ... Handle

   ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continued front page    (72) Inventor Yasuhiro Imazu             3-1-1 Sachimachi, Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture Stock Association             Hitachi, Ltd., Hitachi Works F-term (reference) 5F051 JA10

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. In a photovoltaic power generation facility in which a solar cell module is installed at an angle substantially perpendicular to the ground surface, the surface of the solar cell module on which the energy conversion efficiency is high is installed facing south in winter. , A solar power generation facility that is installed in the east or west direction in the summer. 2. The double-sided light-receiving solar cell according to claim 1, wherein when the energy conversion efficiencies on both sides are equivalent, one side is installed facing south in winter and east in summer. Solar power generation facility characterized by being installed in the east or west direction.