JP2002112513A - Rotating electric machine - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Problem] To provide a rotating electric machine which can perform a wide range of variable speed operation, has low electromagnetic vibration, has high reliability, and is excellent in manufacturability. SOLUTION: An armature coil 6 is wound around a stator core tooth 4 at an inner peripheral portion of a stator core 2 formed by annularly arranging a plurality of magnetic materials in which anisotropic magnetic steel sheets are laminated. A rotating electric machine is constituted by the stator 1 having the above configuration and the rotor 7 having the permanent magnets 12 arranged in the rotor core 8 having the magnetic irregularities 10 and 11 in the circumferential direction.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[0001] The present invention relates to a rotating electric machine.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional synchronous motor for performing variable speed operation, there are a reluctance type rotating electric machine and a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine. FIG. 13 shows a reluctance type rotating electric machine.
The structure is as shown in FIG. This reluctance type rotating electric machine includes an outer stator 1 and an inner rotor 7.
The stator 1 has a structure in which many stator cores 2 are stacked. A large number of core teeth 4 are provided inside each stator core 2, and coil slots 5 are provided between adjacent core teeth 4.
Are formed. The armature coil 6 wound around the iron core teeth 4 is accommodated in the coil slot 5. On the other hand, the rotor 7 is composed of only the iron core 8 having irregularities in the circumferential direction (rotation direction). As described above, the reluctance-type rotating electric machine having such a structure does not require a coil for forming a field in the rotor 7 and can be constituted only by the rotor core 8 having irregularities, so that the structure is simple and It has the feature that it can be manufactured at low cost.

[0003] The principle of generation of rotational output of a reluctance type rotating electric machine is as follows. Since the rotor 7 of the reluctance type rotating electric machine has irregularities, the magnetic resistance becomes small at the convex portions 11 and becomes large at the concave portions 10. That is, the accompanying magnetic energy stored by passing a current through the armature coil 6 differs between the gap portion on the convex portion 11 and the gap portion on the concave portion 10. Due to the change of the accompanying magnetic energy in the circumferential direction, a rotational output is generated. Further, the protrusions 11 and the recesses 10 are not only structurally, but also have a shape or structure in which magnetic irregularities can be formed magnetically. May be different depending on the position in the circumferential direction.

In the case of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine which is another high-performance rotating electric machine, the structure of the armature is almost the same as that of a reluctance type rotating electric machine, but the rotor has permanent magnets arranged almost all around its circumference. Structure.

[0005]

The above-mentioned conventional reluctance type rotating electric machines and permanent magnet type rotating electric machines have the following technical problems. In the reluctance type rotating electric machine, the magnetic resistance differs at the rotation angle position of the rotor due to the unevenness of the peripheral surface of the rotor core, and the air gap magnetic flux density also changes. Due to this change, the magnetic energy changes and an output is obtained. However, as the current increases, the local magnetic saturation increases at the protrusions (d-axis) 11 of the stator core and the iron core serving as the magnetic poles of the rotor. As a result, the magnetic flux leaking into the concave portion (q axis) 10 of the iron core between the magnetic poles increases, the effective magnetic flux decreases, and the output decreases. For this reason, the rate of increase in output decreases with respect to the rate of increase in coil current, and the output eventually saturates. Also, the q-axis leakage flux induces an invalid voltage and lowers the power factor.

On the other hand, in the case of a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine, since a permanent magnet having a high magnetic energy product is arranged on the surface of a rotor core, a high magnetic field can be formed in a magnetic gap, and a small size and high output can be achieved. . However, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is constant, the voltage induced in the armature coil increases in proportion to the rotation speed. Therefore, when performing a wide range of variable speed operation up to high speed rotation, the field magnetic flux cannot be reduced, and it is difficult to perform a constant output operation at twice or more the base speed when the power supply voltage is fixed.

The present invention has been made to solve the technical problems of such conventional small-sized and high-output reluctance-type rotating electric machines and permanent-magnet-type rotating electric machines. It is an object of the present invention to provide a rotating electric machine which is small in size, high in reliability and excellent in manufacturability.

[0008]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotating electric machine in which a plurality of magnetic materials formed by laminating anisotropic magnetic steel sheets are arranged in an annular shape with respect to a stator core. And a rotor in which permanent magnets are arranged in a rotor core having magnetic irregularities in the circumferential direction.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotating electric machine in which a plurality of magnetic materials, each of which is formed by laminating anisotropic magnetic steel sheets, are annularly arranged on a stator iron core on an inner peripheral portion thereof. It comprises a stator having a configuration in which an armature coil is wound, and a rotor having magnetic irregularities in the circumferential direction.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotating electric machine, wherein a plurality of magnetic materials formed by laminating anisotropic magnetic steel sheets are arranged in a ring to form a stator core. The stator includes a stator having an armature coil wound thereon, and a rotor on which permanent magnets are arranged so as to have magnetic irregularities in a circumferential direction.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine according to any of the first to third aspects, the stator core is formed by laminating an easy axis of anisotropic magnetic steel sheet in one direction and stacking the stator core teeth and the core. The magnetic material is formed by arranging an appropriate number of magnetic materials constituting a part of the back in an annular shape such that the axis of easy magnetization faces in the radial direction in the radial cross section of the stator. .

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary electric machine according to the fourth aspect, the magnetic path length of the stator core teeth is longer than １ ／ of the magnetic path length of the core back.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine according to any of the first to third aspects, the stator iron core and the core of the anisotropic magnetic steel sheet are laminated by aligning the easy axis of magnetization in one direction. The magnetic material is formed by arranging an appropriate number of magnetic materials constituting a part of the back in an annular shape such that the axis of easy magnetization is oriented in the circumferential direction in the radial cross section of the stator. .

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine of the sixth aspect, the magnetic path length of the stator iron core teeth is shorter than １ ／ of the magnetic path length of the core back.

According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine according to any one of the first to third aspects, the stator core is laminated by aligning an easy axis of magnetization of an anisotropic magnetic steel sheet in one direction. A suitable number of magnetic materials, each of which is formed by dividing a part of the core back and a part of the core back, and the core back of the stator core teeth so that the axis of easy magnetization faces the radial direction in the radial cross section of the stator Uses an annular arrangement in which the axis of easy magnetization is oriented in the circumferential direction in the radial cross section of the stator.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine according to the eighth aspect, the outer peripheral tip of the stator core teeth having the easy axis of magnetization in the radial direction has a convex shape, and the core back having the easy axis of magnetization in the circumferential direction is provided. The magnetic circuit has a concave portion on a part of the inner peripheral side, and the convex portion is fitted into the concave portion.

According to a tenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine according to any of the first to ninth aspects, as the stator core, a punched plate having a large number of slot holes is laminated on a band-shaped anisotropic electromagnetic steel plate, and then bent. In this case, an annular shape is used.

According to an eleventh aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine of the tenth aspect, as the stator core, a punched plate having a number of slot holes punched out of a band-shaped electromagnetic steel plate is laminated, and then an insulator is wound around a conductor. A bobbin is fitted into the convex portion between the slots of the band-shaped laminated core, and thereafter, the band-shaped laminated core is bent to form an annular shape.

The twelfth aspect of the present invention is the first aspect of the present invention.
In the rotating electric machine, the rotor has a configuration in which a permanent magnet is provided on the rotor core so as to cancel magnetic flux due to an armature current passing through a portion having a high magnetic resistance, the magnetic resistance being different depending on the rotational position in the circumferential direction, The permanent magnet is magnetized in a direction different from the direction of easy magnetization of the rotor, and generates an amplitude value of a fundamental wave of a gap magnetic flux density of 0.3 to 0.3 to
0.8 [T].

The invention of claim 13 is the invention of claims 1, 3 to 12
In the rotating electric machine, the rotor is constituted by a rotor core having structural irregularities in a circumferential direction, and a permanent magnet magnetized so as to cancel a magnetic flux of an armature current passing through the structural concave part is rotated. It is arranged in the recess of the child core.

According to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine according to the thirteenth aspect, the thickness of the permanent magnet disposed in the concave portion of the rotor core is made smaller than the depth of the concave portion, and the structural convex portion is formed. The magnetic gap length as viewed from the permanent magnet in the concave portion is longer than the magnetic gap length.

According to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotary electric machine according to the fourteenth aspect, a magnetic material is arranged on a surface of the permanent magnet of the rotor on a gap side.

According to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine of the thirteenth aspect, the structural gap length in the magnetic concave portion is the same as the structural gap length in the magnetic convex portion.

According to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine of the twelfth to sixteenth aspects, the width of the magnetic pole core of the magnetically convex portion is 0.3 to 0.4 times the magnetic pole pitch.

The invention of claim 18 is the rotating electric machine according to claims 12 to 17, wherein at the time of maximum torque, the phase of the current is set in a state where the torque per current is maximized, and the electric motor is connected to the armature coil corresponding to the concave portion. The intersecting current and the combined magnetic flux of the permanent magnet are canceled by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet so that they become almost zero.

The nineteenth aspect of the present invention is the first aspect of the present invention.
In this rotary electric machine, the permanent magnet of the rotor is made of a ferrite magnet.

[0027] The twentieth aspect of the present invention is the first aspect of the present invention.
In this rotary electric machine, a permanent magnet of the rotor is a combination of a ferrite magnet and an NdFeB magnet.

According to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention, in the rotating electric machine of the first to twentieth aspects, the relationship between the number of poles of the rotor and the number of the stator core teeth or slots is 15 or 18 slots for eight poles. At the pole, 12 or 18 slots, 14
The stator core is configured to have 24 slots at the poles.

According to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention, the relationship between the number of poles of the rotor and the number of stator teeth or slots is 1 for 8 poles.
The stator core is configured to have 5 or 18 slots, 12 or 18 slots for 10 poles, and 24 slots for 14 poles.

[0030]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS <First Embodiment> FIG. 1 is a radial sectional view of a rotating electric machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The rotating electric machine according to the first embodiment includes an outer stator 1 and an inner rotor 7. The stator 1 includes a stator core 2 in which electromagnetic steel sheets are laminated, and an armature coil 6. The stator core 2 is composed of a divided core block 2a.

The method of manufacturing the stator core 2 is as follows. First, one iron core tooth 4 and an anisotropic magnetic steel sheet composed of a part of the core back 3 magnetically connected thereto are laminated to form one iron core block 2a, and twelve iron core blocks 2a having the same structure are formed into a ring shape. The stator core 2 is constituted by the arrangement. At this time, as shown in FIG.
The axis of easy magnetization d of the anisotropic electromagnetic steel sheet is aligned with the longitudinal direction of the iron core teeth 4, that is, the axis of easy magnetization 20 is aligned in the radial direction when the iron core block 2a is arranged in an annular shape.

By forming the stator core 2 by arranging the iron core blocks 2a in a ring shape as described above, a gap, that is, a coil slot 5, is naturally formed between the iron core teeth 4 of the adjacent iron core blocks 2a. Will be. Therefore,
In the stator core 2, twelve coils 6 are wound around the respective core teeth 4 and accommodated in the coil slots 5.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the rotor 7 has a structure in which a permanent magnet 12 is embedded in a portion near the outer periphery of a rotor core 8. The rotor core 8 is formed by laminating disc-shaped non-oriented electromagnetic steel sheets having ten hollow portions 9 provided at equal intervals near the outer periphery in order to form magnetic irregularities in the circumferential direction. It is. Since magnetic irregularities are formed on the rotor 7, an easy direction d axis and a difficult direction q axis of magnetization due to the current of the coil 6 are generated. The region where the cavity 9 is provided becomes a magnetic concave portion 10 and is in the q-axis direction. The portion sandwiched between the adjacent magnetic concave portions 10 becomes the magnetic convex portion 11 and is in the d-axis direction. In the rotor core 8 of the rotor 7, a ferrite permanent magnet 12 is further embedded in a V shape so as to sandwich the recess 10. The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet 12 is magnetized in a direction that cancels out the magnetic flux due to the armature current in the q-axis direction. At this time, at a temperature of 100 ° C., the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet is 0.35 [T] as the amplitude value of the fundamental wave.
It is. When an NdFeB magnet is applied to the permanent magnet 12, the air gap magnetic flux density is 0.68 [T] as the amplitude value of the fundamental wave.
It is.

Next, the operation of the rotating electric machine having the above configuration will be described. A change in the magnitude of the magnetic resistance in the circumferential direction is formed by the shape of the rotor, and magnetic irregularities are generated on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 7 in the circumferential direction. D-axis projection 11 of rotor 7
, The air gap magnetic flux density is high, and the air gap magnetic flux density is low in the q-axis concave portion 10. This change in magnetic flux density generates a reluctance torque.

Since the reluctance torque is generated by a change in the amount of magnetic flux, when magnetic saturation occurs in the iron core, the torque decreases.
In the present embodiment, the magnetic flux in the d-axis direction, which is the main magnetic flux, passes through the magnetic protrusion 11 of the rotor 7 and the end of the d-axis magnetic flux bridge 13, so that the main magnetic flux is equally applied to all the stator core teeth 4. And magnetic saturation is likely to occur locally. In this embodiment, in order to avoid this, the divided iron core blocks 2a of magnetically anisotropic magnetic steel sheets are arranged in a ring shape so that the easy magnetization axis 20 can be formed in the radial direction. As a result, the iron core teeth 4 in which the magnetic flux concentrates and magnetic saturation is likely to occur are mainly magnetic fluxes flowing in the radial direction, and coincide with the direction of the easy magnetization axis 20 of the electromagnetic steel sheet. .1
It can be as high as [T].

As a result, even when the ampere-turn of the coil 6 is increased, the magnetic resistance of the stator core teeth 4 becomes small, so that the magnetic resistance due to the magnetic unevenness of the rotor 7 is smaller than the total magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit. The change in resistance increases and the rotor 7
As the variation width of the magnetic flux due to the magnetic unevenness becomes large, the torque increases.

On the other hand, since the magnetic flux in the core back 3 of the iron core block 2a is in the circumferential direction, the magnetic steel sheet has a low magnetic permeability and a high magnetic resistance. Therefore, stator core teeth 4
Is determined so that the magnetic path length of the core back 3 is longer than の of the magnetic path length of the core back 3, thereby reducing the magnetic resistance of the core back 3 by the anisotropic magnetic steel sheet and reducing the total magnetic field of the magnetic circuit. The variation in the magnetic resistance of the rotor 7 with respect to the resistance is suppressed so as not to be small.

Further, in the present embodiment, the permanent magnet 12 is provided in the iron core 8 of the concave portion 10 serving as the q-axis of the rotor 7, and the magnetic flux due to the q-axis current distributed in the q-axis direction is canceled by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 12. Therefore, the air gap magnetic flux density of the concave portion 10 is further reduced. As a result, the change in the air gap magnetic flux density between the convex portion 11 and the concave portion 10 becomes large, the reluctance torque becomes large, and the power factor also improves.

The rotor 7 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.
By forming a hollow portion 9 near the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 8, magnetic unevenness is formed in the circumferential direction of the rotor 7. The unevenness provided in the circumferential direction of the rotor 7 is qualitatively magnetic. What is necessary is just to have a typical unevenness. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 4, a structure in which the magnetic resistance changes in the circumferential direction of the rotor 7 may be provided by providing the structural concave portion 15 on the surface of the rotor core 8. In the case of this structure, the permanent magnet 12 is arranged in the rotor 7 and at the same time, the d-axis magnetic flux bridge 13 is formed, so that the operation is the same as that of the rotor 7 having the structure shown in FIG.

Further, the rotating electric machine of the first embodiment can be applied to a reluctance type rotating electric machine, and by designing to the specifications corresponding thereto, the rate of change of the air gap magnetic flux with respect to the change of the magnetic resistance of the rotor is high. As a result, the torque increases. In addition, the rotating electric machine of the first embodiment can be applied to a permanent magnet type rotating electric machine, and by designing to a specification corresponding to the rotating electric machine, it is not a reluctance torque utilizing a change in magnetic resistance, so that the effect of torque improvement can be obtained. Is not remarkable, but the torque increases because the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet increases.

In addition, as shown in the enlarged view of the rotor 7 in FIG. 3, the width α of the magnetic pole iron core of the d-axis 11 is equal to the magnetic pole pitch (the distance between adjacent magnetic poles 10 or the length of the convex 11 and concave 12 0.3 to 0.4 times the length). When this width is set, the difference Ld-Lq between the d-axis inductance Ld and the q-axis inductance Lq becomes large, and the reluctance torque can be increased.

The torque of the rotating electric machine according to the present embodiment is expressed by the following equation.

[0043]

## EQU1 ## T (torque) = P × (Ld · Id · Iq− (L
q · Iq−ψm) · Id) where Ld, Lq: inductance on the d-axis and q-axis, Id
d, Iq: d-axis and q-axis currents, Δm: flux linkage of the permanent magnet.

Here, at the time of the maximum torque, the current phase is set so that the torque per current becomes the maximum, and the current linked to the armature coil 6 corresponding to the concave portion 10 and the permanent magnet 12 are set.
Is canceled out by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 12,
The thickness of the permanent magnet 12 and the size of the cavity 9 or the depth of the structural recess 15 are determined so as to be 0.1 to +0.1 [T]. As a result, the q-axis magnetic flux λq becomes almost 0 as shown in Expression 2, so that

Λq = Lq · Iq−ψm = 0 The voltage at the time of load is only the d-axis voltage, and the power factor can be improved. At the same time, as can be seen from the torque equation of equation (1), the q-axis magnetic flux λq generates a negative torque, and by reducing the magnetic flux of λq, which is the magnetic flux leaking into the recess 10, the λq
And the torque can be increased.

Further, since the q-axis magnetic flux is almost zero, q
The d-axis voltage induced by the axial magnetic flux is zero, and basically, d
Since the voltage can be adjusted only by the shaft current, variable speed operation is possible over a wide range up to high speed. In addition, since the output is generated with a small amount of magnetic flux, the power factor is increased and the iron loss is reduced. In addition, since the total magnetic flux passing through the core back 3 of the stator core 2 is reduced, the magnetic saturation of the core back 3 is alleviated, the output is improved, and the iron loss during high-speed rotation can be reduced.

At this time, in the rotating electric machine, the permanent magnet 12
Is a magnetic circuit whose periphery is covered with a magnetic iron core 8 and which can positively form a magnetic short circuit. Than this,
In this rotating electric machine, the demagnetizing field of the permanent magnet 12 becomes small, and q
Even if the interlinkage magnetic flux of the shaft is reduced to zero, the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 12 is distributed in the rotor core 8, and the permanent magnet 12 operates at a stable point on the magnetic characteristics, and is irreversibly demagnetized. Nothing.

Further, in a general permanent magnet motor or an embedded permanent magnet motor (IPM), the air gap magnetic flux density of the permanent magnet is as high as about 1 [T], and the induced voltage is also high. Iron loss is also large. On the other hand, in the rotating electric machine of the present embodiment, the flux linkage of the ferrite permanent magnet 12 is about 0.35 [T], and a large output can be obtained even with 1/3 of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet motor. There are the following advantages.

(1) Since an excessive induced voltage is not generated at high speed rotation, the power element and the capacitor of the overvoltage inverter are not damaged.

(2) The d-axis current is an exciting current that mainly forms a magnetic field, and the q-axis current is a torque current. Therefore, if the d-axis current, which is the exciting current, is reduced as the rotation speed increases, the motor can be easily operated at a constant voltage up to the rotation speed. For this reason, it is not necessary to flow a large current for weakening magnetic flux that cancels out an excessive induced voltage due to the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet unlike the permanent magnet motor. Further, the high-frequency iron loss caused by the weak magnetic flux is small.

(3) The excitation current of the d-axis and the torque current of the q-axis can be changed according to the operation state, and the operation can be performed in an optimum state. The efficiency is improved. Furthermore, in a configuration directly connected to an engine or the like, even when the rotating electric machine is rotated during non-operation, a small amount of magnetic flux is generated by the permanent magnet, so that current for suppressing induced voltage is unnecessary and iron loss is also small. The operation efficiency of the system is improved.

(4) Since the interlinkage magnetic flux of the coil by the permanent magnet 12 is small, an excessive short-circuit current does not flow even if the coil rotates in an electrically short-circuited state, and the coil is not burned. Even when the present invention is applied to a driving motor of an electric car, a train, or the like, the vehicle can be towed because a sudden brake does not act when a short circuit occurs and the braking force during rotation is small.

(5) Even if the permanent magnets 12 are irreversibly demagnetized, the rotating electric machine mainly drives reluctance torque, so the output is reduced, but the rotating electric machine can be driven as a pure reluctance motor.

<Second Embodiment> Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The rotary electric machine according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The rotating electric machine according to the second embodiment is characterized by the structure of the stator as shown in FIG. That is, the core block 3a, which is magnetically connected to one stator core tooth 4, is laminated by aligning the easy axis 20 of the anisotropic electromagnetic steel sheet in one direction, thereby forming a divided core block 2a. in this case,
As shown in FIG. 5, a punched plate of magnetic steel sheets is punched out and laminated so that the axis of easy magnetization 20 faces the circumferential direction of the cross section. Then, by arranging the laminated core blocks 2a in a ring shape, the stator core 2 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 is configured similarly to the first embodiment.

Also in the second embodiment, the magnetic path length of the stator core teeth 4 is shorter than の of the magnetic path length of the core back 3. The core back 3 of the stator 1 has a low magnetic resistance because the direction in which the magnetic flux flows and the easy axis of magnetization of the magnetic steel sheet are in the same direction. The iron core teeth 4 are in the direction of the hard axis of the magnetic steel sheet. However, by decreasing the magnetic path length, the width of increase in the magnetic resistance can be reduced.

Thus, in the rotating electric machine having the structure shown in FIG. 1 similar to that of the first embodiment assembled using the stator having such a structure, the magnetoresistive width of the rotor 7 with respect to the total magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit. Becomes larger. That is, the rate of change of the air gap magnetic flux with respect to the change of the magnetic resistance of the rotor 7 can be increased,
The torque increases.

<Third Embodiment> Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The rotary electric machine according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The rotating electric machine according to the third embodiment is characterized by the structure of the stator as shown in FIG. That is, the easy magnetization axis 20 of the anisotropic magnetic steel sheet is aligned in one direction and laminated so that one stator core tooth 4 and one core back 3 are separately formed. In the core back 3, the axis of easy magnetization 20 is oriented in the radial direction in the radial section of the stator 1 so that the axis of easy magnetization 20 is oriented in the radial direction in the radial section. Twelve pieces are connected in a ring to form a stator core 2 having the structure shown in FIG. 1 as in the first embodiment.

In the rotating electric machine assembled using the stator 2 having such a structure, the direction of the magnetic flux in the iron core teeth 4 and the core back 3 and the axis of easy magnetization 20 of the electromagnetic steel sheet are in the same direction. Resistance becomes small. As a result, the magnetic resistance width of the rotor with respect to the total magnetic resistance in the magnetic circuit increases. That is, the rate of change of the air gap magnetic flux with respect to the change in the magnetic resistance of the rotor 7 can be increased, so that the torque increases.

In the third embodiment, the structure of the iron core block 2a constituting the stator iron core 2 can be as shown in FIG. In the case of the iron core block 2a shown in FIG. 7, the outer peripheral end of the iron core tooth 4 having the easy magnetization axis 20 in the radial direction has a convex shape, and the core back 3 having the easy magnetization axis 20 in the circumferential direction has the inner circumferential side. The portion has a concave portion, and the convex portion is fitted into the concave portion to form a magnetic circuit. As a result, the magnetic flux flowing in the radial direction of the iron core teeth 4 can be changed in the circumferential direction almost uniformly near the adjacent core back 3, thereby avoiding the concentration of the magnetic flux, reducing iron loss and reducing torque. Can be increased.

<Fourth Embodiment> Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The rotary electric machine according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the fourth embodiment is that the stator 1 of the rotating electric machine is used.
Has a feature in the manufacturing method. In the case of this embodiment,
The stator 1 is manufactured by the following method.

A large number of holes in the form of slots 5 are punched out from the strip-shaped electromagnetic steel plate 2 ', and the punched plates are laminated. After that, the core teeth 4 with the insulating bobbin 14 around which the coil 6 is wound are laminated.
One after another. After that, the belt-shaped core 2 ′ is bent into an annular shape, and the stator 1 is formed at the same time as the stator core 2 is formed.

In order to completely fill the space of the slot 5 when the annular stator core 2 is formed with the coil 6, a coil copper wire is wound around the bobbin 14 until the bobbin 14 is widened to a trapezoidal shape. is there. Coil copper wire is bobbin 1
Since the coil 4 is wound while being rotated, the coil can be wound with a high tensile force, and the space factor of the coil 6 can be increased. Further, since the stator iron core teeth 4 have the shape of parallel teeth, the bobbin 14 can be inserted into the stator teeth 4 in a wound state without being divided into two parts.

Further, a trapezoidal bobbin 14 is attached to the annular stator core 2 which has a narrow inner peripheral side and a wide outer peripheral side slot 5.
However, in the case of the present manufacturing method, the bobbin 1 is in the state of the iron core 2 ′ in which the slot 5 is removed in a strip shape and rectangular.
4 is fitted into the iron core teeth 4, the width of the opening side of the slot 5 is substantially the same as the width of the outer peripheral side (rear side) of the slot 5 in a ring-shaped state. Therefore, the coil 6 has a trapezoidal shape.
Can be fitted into the bobbin 14 on which the is wound.

<Fifth Embodiment> Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The rotary electric machine according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The feature of the fifth embodiment is that the rotor 7 of the rotating electric machine is used.
Is characterized by the structure of FIG. 9 is a radial cross-sectional view showing the magnetic pole gap 10 and the magnetic poles 11 of the rotor 7 of the rotary electric machine according to the fifth embodiment. The rotor core 8 is formed by laminating electromagnetic steel sheets having a structural concave portion 15 formed at a position for each fixed rotation angle so as to form structural irregularities in the circumferential direction.
NdFeB permanent magnets 12 magnetized so as to cancel the magnetic flux of the armature current passing between the magnetic poles (magnetic recesses) 10 are arranged in the structural recesses 15 of the rotor core 8. By making the thickness of the permanent magnet 12 smaller than the depth of the concave portion 15, the magnetic gap length as viewed from the permanent magnet 12 between the magnetic poles 10 is made longer than the magnetic gap length at the magnetic poles (magnetic convex portions) 11. ing. The amplitude value of the fundamental wave of the air gap magnetic flux density generated by the permanent magnet 12 is set to 0.70 [T].

The rotating electric machine of the fifth embodiment provided with the rotor having such a structure has a lower torque and magnet resistance than the rotating electric machine of the first embodiment shown in FIGS. Although the magnetic force is slightly reduced, a similar effect can be obtained.
Further, since the hollow portion of the rotor 7 can be widened, there is an advantage that the inertia can be reduced structurally.

In the rotating electric machine according to the fifth embodiment, the rotor 7 can have the structure shown in FIG. That is, in the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 8, cavities 17 that are wide in the circumferential direction are formed at equal intervals, and the permanent magnet 1 is formed therein.
2 is inserted. As a result, the permanent magnet 12 in the magnetic recess 10 in the rotor core 8
The magnetic material 16 also exists in a portion outside of the magnetic material 16. When the rotor 8 is structured as shown in FIG. 10, the reluctance torque is slightly reduced as compared with the rotor 8 having the structure shown in FIG. The magnetic material 16 on the outer peripheral side with respect to the permanent magnet 12
Can be reliably maintained, and the eddy current loss due to the gap harmonic magnetic flux can be reduced.

In the fifth embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, a structure in which a permanent magnet 12 having a thickness substantially equal to the depth of the structural recess 15 of the rotor core 8 is embedded in the recess 15 is employed. it can. Accordingly, the magnetic gap length of the magnetic concave portion 10 around the rotor core 8 and the magnetic gap length of the magnetic convex portion 11 become equal, and the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 12 becomes strong. Although the reluctance torque is lower than that, the torque by the permanent magnet 12 increases.
Although the eddy current loss due to the gap harmonic magnetic flux is increased as compared with the structure shown in FIG. 10, the rotating electric machine provided with the rotor 7 having the structure shown in FIGS. The same operation and effect as described above can be obtained.

<Sixth Embodiment> Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described.
The rotary electric machine according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The sixth embodiment is characterized by the structure of the rotor 7. FIG. 12 is a radial cross section showing a magnetic pole portion 11 and a gap 12 between magnetic poles of a rotor 7 employed in a permanent magnet assisted reluctance type rotating electric machine according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. The permanent magnet 12 of the rotor 7 has a ferrite magnet 12a having a magnetic energy product of 4MGOe in the upper layer and 35MGOe in the lower layer.
The NdFeB magnet 12b has a magnetic energy product of

The magnetic force of the ferrite magnet 12a sharply drops below 0 ° C., and the NdFeB magnet 12b sharply drops above 150 ° C. In the present embodiment, the ferrite magnet 1
In 2a, the ratio of the thicknesses of the two magnets is set so that the coercive force is almost the same as that of the NdFeB magnet 12b.

Thus, even when the rotating electric machine is used in a low-temperature environment or a high-temperature environment, operation can be performed without irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet. Further, since the ferrite magnet 12a having an electric resistance about 100 times higher than that of the NdFeB magnet 12b exists on the gap side surface side of the permanent magnet 12, the eddy current generated by the harmonic magnetic field due to the current is reduced. Thus, the temperature rise of the permanent magnet 12 can be suppressed, and high-temperature demagnetization hardly occurs.

The upper ferrite magnet 12a and the lower NdFeB magnet 12b may be exchanged, and the magnets may have a further multi-layered structure. Even if an electric machine is used, the operation and effect that the irreversible demagnetization of the permanent magnet 12 does not occur and the operation becomes possible is obtained.

<Seventh Embodiment> In any of the rotary electric machines of the above embodiments, the relationship between the number of poles of the rotor 7 and the number of stator core teeth 4 or slots 5 is 15 for eight poles.
Alternatively, the stator core 2 may be configured to have 18 slots, 12 or 18 slots for 10 poles, and 24 slots for 14 poles. Thereby, the magnetic field of a lower order than the fundamental wave in the rotating electric machine can be suppressed by the fractional groove, and in particular, the magnetic field of two poles can be suppressed and a high output can be obtained.

The above-described relationship between the number of poles and the number of slots in the stator core can be widely applied to a general rotating electric machine, thereby achieving the above-described effects.

[0073]

According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a rotating electric machine having a large difference in inductance depending on the rotor position by alleviating the influence of local magnetic saturation of the stator core teeth, and to further reduce the magnetic flux due to the q-axis current. A high output and a high power factor become possible by canceling out with a magnet to make it almost zero. Even if the amount of magnetic flux of the permanent magnet is small, a high output can be obtained, and a ferrite magnet can be used. In addition, since the amount of magnetic flux in the rotating electric machine can be adjusted by the exciting current component, driving can be performed in an optimum state according to the load, and efficient operation can be performed over a wide range from light load to high load and from low speed to high speed.

Further, according to the present invention, the reliability can be improved in many aspects such as demagnetization of the permanent magnet, breakage of the inverter due to the induced voltage of the permanent magnet, rapid braking, and driving even when the permanent magnet is in a demagnetized state. Can be improved.

According to the present invention, since the stator can be assembled by inserting the trapezoidal bobbin, the output is high and the manufacturability is easy.

Further, according to the present invention, by configuring the stator core with a specific number of poles to the number of slots, it is possible to reduce electromagnetic vibrations and achieve high output.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a radial sectional view of a rotating electric machine according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view showing an iron core block constituting the stator iron core according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view showing the structure of the rotor according to the first embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a radial cross-sectional view showing another structure of the rotor employed in the first embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a radial sectional view showing the structure of a rotor employed in a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a radial cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a rotor employed in a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a radial cross-sectional view showing another structure of the rotor employed in the third embodiment.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a method for manufacturing a stator in a rotary electric machine according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a radial cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a rotor in a rotary electric machine according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a radial cross-sectional view showing another structure of the rotor employed in the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 11 is a radial sectional view showing still another structure of the rotor employed in the fifth embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a radial cross-sectional view illustrating a structure of a rotor in a rotary electric machine according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a radial cross-sectional view of a conventional reluctance type rotating electric machine.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Stator 2 ... Stator iron core 2 '... Strip iron core 2a ... Iron core block 3 ... Core back 4 ... Stator iron core tooth 5 ... Slot 6 ... Coil 7 ... Rotor 8 ... Rotor iron core 9 ... Hollow part 10 ... Magnetic Magnetic concave portion (q axis) 11 Magnetic convex portion (d axis) 12 permanent magnet 12a ferrite permanent magnet 12b NdFeB permanent magnet 13 d axis magnetic flux bridge 14 bobbin 15 structural concave portion 16 magnetic material 20 Easy magnetization axis

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat II (reference) H02K 1/27 501 H02K 1/27 501K 5H622 501C 501M 3/18 3/18 P 15/06 15/06 21/16 21 / 16 M (72) Inventor Tomoyuki Hattori 2-4, Suehirocho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture F-term (reference) 5H002 AA01 AA09 AB06 AB07 AE08 5H603 AA09 BB01 BB09 BB12 CA01 CA05 CB02 CC11 CC17 CD21 CD22 CE01 5H615 AA01 BB01 BB07 BB14 PP01 PP10 PP13 QQ02 QQ12 QQ19 SS05 TT04 TT05 5H619 AA01 AA10 BB01 BB06 BB24 PP01 PP02 PP04 PP06 PP08 PP14 5H621 AA03 BB07 GA16 GA18 HH01 5H622 PP073

Claims (22)

[Claims] 1. A configuration in which an armature coil is wound around a stator core tooth at an inner peripheral portion of a stator core formed by annularly arranging a plurality of magnetic materials formed by laminating anisotropic magnetic steel sheets. And a rotor having permanent magnets arranged in a rotor core having magnetic irregularities in the circumferential direction. 2. A configuration in which an armature coil is wound around a stator core tooth on an inner peripheral portion of a stator core formed by annularly arranging a plurality of magnetic materials obtained by laminating anisotropic magnetic steel sheets. A rotating electric machine comprising: a stator having a magnetic unevenness in a circumferential direction. 3. A configuration in which an armature coil is wound around a stator core tooth on an inner peripheral portion of a stator core formed by annularly arranging a plurality of magnetic materials in which anisotropic magnetic steel sheets are laminated. And a rotor on which permanent magnets are arranged so as to have magnetic irregularities in the circumferential direction. 4. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the stator core is laminated by aligning an easy axis of magnetization of an anisotropic magnetic steel sheet in one direction and stacking the stator core teeth and the core. A suitable number of magnetic materials that make up a part of the back,
A rotating electric machine characterized by being arranged in an annular shape such that an axis of easy magnetization is oriented in a radial direction in a radial cross section of the stator. 5. The rotating electric machine according to claim 4, wherein a magnetic path length of said stator iron core teeth is １ ／ of a magnetic path length of a core back.
A rotating electric machine characterized by being longer than that. 6. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the stator core is laminated by aligning an easy axis of magnetization of an anisotropic magnetic steel sheet in one direction and laminating the stator core teeth and the core. A suitable number of magnetic materials that make up a part of the back,
A rotating electric machine characterized by being arranged in a ring shape such that an axis of easy magnetization is oriented in a circumferential direction in a radial cross section of a stator. 7. The rotating electric machine according to claim 6, wherein a magnetic path length of the stator core teeth is set to a half of a magnetic path length of a core back.
A rotating electric machine characterized by being shorter than the above. 8. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein said stator core is laminated by aligning an easy axis of easy magnetization of an anisotropic magnetic steel sheet in one direction. A suitable number of magnetic materials, each of which is formed by dividing a part of the core back and a part of the core back, and the core back of the stator core teeth so that the axis of easy magnetization faces the radial direction in the radial cross section of the stator Is a rotating electric machine characterized by being arranged in an annular shape such that the axis of easy magnetization is oriented in the circumferential direction in a radial cross section of the stator. 9. The rotating electric machine according to claim 8, wherein the outer periphery of the stator core teeth having an easy axis of magnetization in the radial direction has a convex shape, and the core back having the axis of easy magnetization in the circumferential direction is the inner periphery. A rotating electric machine comprising a concave portion in a part thereof, and a magnetic circuit formed by fitting the convex portion into the concave portion. 10. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein a punched plate obtained by removing a large number of slots from a band-shaped anisotropic electromagnetic steel plate is laminated as the stator core, and then bent. A rotating electric machine characterized by using an annular shape. 11. The rotating electric machine according to claim 10, wherein the stator core is formed by laminating a punched plate obtained by removing a large number of slots from a strip-shaped electromagnetic steel plate, and then winding the conductor bobbin on the insulator. A rotating electric machine characterized by using a belt-shaped laminated core inserted into a convex portion between slots, and then bending the band-shaped laminated core to form an annular shape. 12. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor has a different magnetic resistance depending on a rotational position in a circumferential direction, and a magnetic flux generated by an armature current passing through a portion having a high magnetic resistance. The permanent magnet is provided in the rotor core so as to cancel out the magnetic field, and the permanent magnet is magnetized in a direction different from the easy magnetization direction of the rotor, and the amplitude value of the fundamental wave of the air gap magnetic flux density generated by the permanent magnet is provided. From 0.3 to 0.8
A rotating electric machine, which is [T]. 13. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotor is constituted by a rotor core having a structural irregularity in a circumferential direction, and passes through the structural concave part. A rotating electric machine, wherein a permanent magnet magnetized so as to cancel a magnetic flux of an armature current is arranged in the recess of the rotor core. 14. The rotating electric machine according to claim 13, wherein a thickness of the permanent magnet disposed in the concave portion of the rotor core is smaller than a depth of the concave portion, and a magnetic force of the structural convex portion is reduced. A rotating electrical machine wherein a magnetic gap length as viewed from a permanent magnet in the concave portion is longer than a gap length. 15. The rotating electric machine according to claim 14, wherein a magnetic material is disposed on a surface of the rotor on a gap side of a permanent magnet. 16. The rotating electric machine according to claim 13, wherein a structural gap length in the magnetic concave portion is equal to a structural gap length in the magnetic convex portion. 17. The rotating electric machine according to claim 12, wherein a magnetic pole core width of a magnetically convex portion is 0.3 to 0.4 times the magnetic pole pitch. Rotating electric machine. 18. The rotating electric machine according to claim 12, wherein the phase of the current is set in a state where the torque per current is the maximum at the time of the maximum torque, and the electric motor is connected to the armature coil corresponding to the concave portion. A rotating electric machine characterized in that an intersecting current and a magnetic flux generated by a permanent magnet are canceled out by a magnetic flux of the permanent magnet and become substantially zero. 19. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet of the rotor is made of a ferrite magnet. 20. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet of the rotor is a combination of a ferrite magnet and an NdFeB magnet. 21. The rotating electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the relationship between the number of poles of the rotor and the number of stator core teeth or slots is 15 or 18 slots for 8 poles. At the pole, 12 or 18 slots, 14
A rotating electric machine, wherein a stator core is configured to have 24 slots in poles. 22. The relationship between the number of poles of the rotor and the number of stator teeth or slots is 15 or 18 slots for 8 poles.
A rotating electric machine characterized in that the stator core is configured such that there are 12 or 18 slots for 0 poles and 24 slots for 14 poles.