JP2002028165A - Puncture needle for trocar - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide puncture needle for a trocar capable of hastening healing of an incision after an operation, making a scar less conspicuous, and providing safer and easier puncture into a patient with the trocar. SOLUTION: This puncture needle 1 for a trocar is provided with a cutting edge part 2 in a conical form having plural ridge lines extended from a tip rearward in such a way that the ridge lines pass both ends of the largest width in a flat cross section. In the cutting edge part 2, a pair of sharp edges are formed of the ridge lines passing both ends of the largest width only, these edges have a function as a blade for cutting a body tissue to form a straight- lined cut, and a part between the edges in the cutting edge part has a function of invading into the cut like a wedge to open it.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a trocar puncture needle provided at the tip of an obturator of a trocar used in endoscopic surgery.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, surgical operations for treating diseases in the body cavity such as the chest and abdomen have a lower risk of infection than thoracotomy or open surgery, and the wounds heal faster. Therefore, cases in which endoscopic surgery is performed are increasing.

In endoscopic surgery, a trocar is used to penetrate a small hole in the chest and abdomen of a patient, and a forceps or the like having a long shaft in the patient's body is passed through an elongated tube called a cannula inserted into the small hole. A trocar A1 as shown in FIG. 6 is generally used in this type of operation, which is performed by inserting a surgical tool.

In FIG. 1, a trocar A1 includes a trocar body A3 including a cannula A2 and an elongated obturator (not shown) inserted therein, and a cannula A2.
2 and a cannula handle A4 attached to the obturator and an obturator handle A5 attached to the obturator.

A puncture needle A6 having a sharp tip is attached to the tip of the obturator.
With the obturator fully inserted in the trocar A
By pressing 1 on the abdomen or chest of the patient S, the puncture needle A6 projects from the tip of the cannula A2 as shown in FIG.

When the obturator is completely inserted into the cannula A2, the obturator handle A5 is connected to the cannula handle A4 by a detachable connecting mechanism (not shown).

As an example of an endoscopic operation performed using the trocar A1 configured as described above, an operation in the abdominal cavity will be described. First, a surgeon incises the vicinity of the umbilicus of the patient S with a scalpel. Then, an umbilical trocar (not shown) is inserted into the abdominal cavity.

The umbilicus trocar is formed in a tubular shape, and after being inserted into the abdominal cavity of the patient S, an endoscope is inserted into the body of the patient S through the trocar. Be able to observe the inside.

Next, as shown in FIG. 6, the surgeon pierces the trocar A1 with the obturator handle A5 connected to the cannula handle A4 so as to be substantially perpendicular to the body surface of the patient S of the patient S, and the cannula A2. The tip of the body penetrates muscle and fat tissue and penetrates into the abdominal cavity.

In this operation, while observing the penetrating state of the cannula A2 with an endoscope previously inserted into the abdominal cavity, it is careful not to damage the blood vessels and organs in the abdominal cavity with the tip of the puncture needle A6. Do with care.

When the tip of the cannula A2 has entered the desired position in the abdominal cavity, the cannula handle A4
The connection mechanism (not shown) between the obturator handle A5 and the obturator handle A5 is released, and the obturator handle A5 is disengaged from the cannula handle A.
4, the obturator (not shown) provided with the puncture needle A6 at the tip is extracted from the cannula A2.

Next, the surgeon inserts a surgical instrument for endoscopic surgery, such as a forceps or a clip, from the outside into the abdominal cavity of the patient S through the cannula A2, and performs a desired operation while observing the affected part with the endoscope.

FIG. 7 shows the shape of a puncture needle used for a conventional trocar. A puncture needle B1 shown in FIG. 7A has a conical tip B2. ,
It is used by connecting and fixing a mounting shaft B3 integrally formed at the tip of the obturator of a trocar (not shown) behind the toe portion B2.

The puncture needle C1 shown in FIG. 7 (b) has a quadrangular pyramid-shaped tip C2, and a mounting shaft C3 similar to the above-mentioned puncture needle B1 is connected and fixed to the obturator tip of the trocar. It is used. A trocar using a puncture needle having a cone-shaped or quadrangular pyramid-shaped tip shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B is described in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-26601. I have.

[0015]

The puncture needle provided at the distal end of the conventional trocar obturator as described above penetrates body tissue because the shape of the tip is conical or pyramidal. Because the wound formed at the time becomes circular or square,
There is a problem that it takes a long time to heal the wound after the operation and the scar is conspicuous.

Further, when the trocar penetrates the muscle tissue or the like from the patient's body surface and penetrates to the vicinity of the target diseased part, the puncture needle is shaped like a cone or a quadrangular pyramid to cut the muscle tissue or the like. As the trocar penetrates into the patient's body, a large amount of force is required, and as soon as the trocar reaches the patient's body cavity, the resistance applied to the trocar decreases sharply and the force can be reduced. In addition, there is a risk that even normal tissues such as blood vessels and internal organs may be damaged.

Therefore, the present invention solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, can accelerate the healing of the wound after the operation, make the scar less noticeable, and prevent the trocar from being inserted into the body. An object of the present invention is to provide a trocar puncture needle that can be performed safely and easily.

[0018]

In order to achieve the above object, a trocar puncture needle according to the present invention has a plurality of ridges extending rearward from the tip, and the ridges pass through both ends in the maximum width direction in a flat cross section. It has a cone-shaped notch.

The cutting edge has a pair of sharp edges formed only by ridges passing through both ends in the maximum width direction, and the pair of edges function as a blade for cutting a body tissue at a straight cut. And a portion between these edges in the cut end portion has a function of intruding and opening the cut in a wedge shape.

The notch portion is formed in the shape of a flat quadrangular pyramid having a rhombic cross section, and a pair of sharp edges are formed by four ridge lines extending rearward from the sharp tip of the notch portion. Is preferably configured to have a function as a blade for cutting a body tissue at a single cut, and to have a function to allow the remaining pair of obtuse edges to penetrate and open the cut.

The cutting portion is formed in the shape of a flat triangular pyramid whose cross section is an isosceles triangle including one obtuse angle, and has three ridge lines extending rearward from the sharp tip of the cutting portion. Among the edges to be made, a pair of sharp edges have a function as a blade for cutting body tissue with a straight cut, and the remaining obtuse edges have a function to penetrate and open the cut in a wedge shape. It is also preferred that it is constituted.

[0022]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The trocar puncture needle of the present invention has a pointed tip in the shape of a cone having a flat cross section, and a pair of sharp edges formed by ridge lines passing through both ends in the maximum width direction. It is configured to function as a blade that cuts off.

When the trocar puncture needle is inserted into the patient's body, the pair of edges of the tongue penetrate the body tissue while forming a one-character cut. On the other hand, the part between these edges in the cut-off part penetrates and opens the cut, guiding the subsequent trocar cannula into the cut.

The tip may be formed, for example, in the shape of a flat quadrangular pyramid having a rhombus in cross section and an apex at the tip, and an isosceles 3 having a lower cross section than the base. It can be formed in the shape of a rectangular flat triangular pyramid. Further, the cross section may be formed in a flat cone shape having a biconvex lens shape or a plano-convex lens shape having sharp edges serving as ridge lines at both ends in the maximum width direction.

When the tip is formed in the shape of a flat quadrangular pyramid having the tip as the apex, of the edges formed by the four ridges extending rearward from the tip of the quadrangular pyramid, The pair of members function as a blade for cutting the body tissue with a one-character cut.

On the other hand, the remaining pair of obtuse edges do not have a function of cutting body tissue, but instead penetrate in a wedge shape into a cut formed in a single character by the pair of edges forming the blade. And plays the role of pushing and opening the cut.

In the case where the tip is formed in a flat triangular pyramid shape having the tip as the apex, of the edges formed by the three ridges extending rearward from the tip of the triangular pyramid, respectively. The pair of acute angles function as blades for cutting body tissue at a straight cut.

On the other hand, since the remaining edge is obtuse, it does not have a function of cutting the body tissue, and penetrates in a wedge shape into the cut portion cut in a character by the edge forming the pair of blades. And plays the role of pushing and opening the cut.

Further, in the case where the notch portion is formed in a flat cone shape having a biconvex lens shape or a plano-convex lens shape whose cross section has acute corners at both ends in the width direction, the tip portion is located rearward from the tip of the cone. The sharp edges formed by the pair of ridges extending to the side function as blades for cutting body tissue.

Further, both surfaces between the edges of the cutting edge portion play a role of wedge-shaped intrusion into the cut of the body tissue formed by cutting the pair of sharp edges to open the cut.

As described above, the trocar puncture needle according to the present invention pushes the cut end and pushes through the body tissue while forming a single cut by the edge functioning as a pair of blades. A body tissue can be pierced with less resistance than a puncture needle having a shape or the like.

Further, since the cannula following the trocar puncture needle has a function to smoothly guide the cannula into the opened incision, when the trocar reaches the body cavity,
The risk of damaging tissues such as surrounding blood vessels and internal organs can be reduced.

Further, since the cut formed by the trocar puncture needle of the present invention is formed in a single character by a blade composed of a pair of edges extending rearward from the tip of the toe, the cannula of the trocar is placed on the patient after the operation. When removed from the body, the cut is easier to close than the conventional cross-shaped or Y-shaped cut, so that the wound heals faster and the suture can be straightened, so that the scar after surgery is less noticeable.

Note that a flat guide blade having the same cross-section as the rear end of the tip may be continuously formed behind the tip of the trocar puncture needle. In the guide blade, by forming a pair of blades and a continuous blade formed by the sharp edge of the cutting edge in parallel on the left and right sides,
The trocar puncture needle can play a role in reducing the resistance when the trocar puncture needle advances through a body tissue such as a muscular tissue, and can stably maintain the invasion direction of the toe.

Further, as a material of the trocar puncture needle,
Any material that can form a blade that can easily cut muscle tissue and the like without adversely affecting the human body may be used. For example, a metal material such as stainless steel or titanium, polycarbonate, or ABS
, Or an inorganic material such as ceramics.

The trocar puncture needle can be embodied in a form connected to the tip of the obturator of the trocar as a component independent of the obturator, or formed integrally with the tip of the obturator.

[0037]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trocar puncture needle of the present invention, wherein a trocar puncture needle 1 has a flat tip 2 having a sharp tip for cutting open a body tissue. At the rear, a guide blade 3 and a mounting shaft 4 for mounting to an obturator tip of a trocar (not shown) are integrally formed.

In this embodiment, the cutting edge 2, the guide blade 3, and the mounting shaft 4 constituting the trocar puncture needle 1 are made of a single stainless steel material.

Next, FIG. 2 is a plan view of the trocar puncture needle 1, and FIG. 3 is a side view. In these figures, the cutting edge 2 is wide in the left-right direction and flat in the vertical direction. The cross-section is a flat rhombus vertically as shown in FIG.

The above-mentioned flat quadrangular pyramid-shaped cutting edge portion 2 has four ridge lines L1, L2, L extending rearward from the front end P.
A sharp blade that cuts body tissue such as muscle tissue is formed by a pair of sharp edges 2A and 2B formed by two ridge lines L1 and L2 among the lines 3 and L4.

On the other hand, a pair of obtuse edges 2C and 2D are formed by the remaining two ridge lines L3 and L4. These edges 2C and 2D do not have a function as a blade, and when the trocar puncture needle 1 is inserted into body tissue and advances, the edges 2A and 2A functioning as the above-described blades are provided.
It has a function like a wedge that pushes and expands the central part of the one-character cutout cut out with B.

The guide blade 3 continuing to the rear of the cutting portion 2 has a cross section substantially the same as the rhombic cross section at the rear end of the cutting portion 2 and has a cross section on the side of the cutting portion 2. A pair of sharp edges 3A, 3B that are continuous with the edges 2A, 2B forming a pair of blades are formed in parallel on both left and right sides.

Also, a pair of obtuse edges 2 of the toe 2
The edges 3C and 3D of the guide blade portion 3, which are respectively continuous with C and 2D, are both chamfered to a narrow width, and these chamfered surfaces correspond to the cylindrical outer peripheral surface of the subsequent mounting shaft 4. It is smoothly continuous.

The mounting shaft 4 has a structure in which a hook-shaped engaging portion formed at the tip of the obturator (not shown) of the trocar is engaged with the engaging hook 4A so as to be connected thereto. I have.

When the trocar puncture needle 1 configured as described above is inserted into a body wall such as the chest and abdomen of the patient,
Blades formed by sharp edges 3A and 3B extending from the front end P of the tongue portion 2 to the rear left and right sides respectively cut fat tissue and muscle tissue obliquely with respect to the insertion direction to form a one-character cut. I will do it.

At the same time, the obtuse edges 3C and 3B penetrate into the gap at the center in the width direction of the incision like a wedge and push it open, so that the cannula that invades the tissue following the trocar puncture needle 1 is inserted into the incision. Guide smoothly inside.

The sharp decrease in resistance that occurs when the trocar penetrates into the body cavity through the body wall composed of fat tissue and muscle tissue can be avoided by the shape of the puncture needle 1 of the present invention.

Thereafter, the trocar puncture needle together with the obturator is pulled out of the cannula and removed, and then a surgical instrument such as a forceps or a clip is inserted into the body cavity through the cannula to perform a desired operation.

Upon completion of the procedure, these instruments are withdrawn from the trocar cannula and then the cannula is withdrawn from the patient. Since the wound on the patient's body caused by the penetration of the trocar provided with the trocar puncture needle 1 after the operation has a one-letter shape, it is easier to perform postoperative suturing than a cross-shaped or Y-shaped wound. The time is reduced and the risk of infection is reduced. Also,
The wound healing period is short and scars are almost inconspicuous.

Next, FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional shape of a tongue portion according to another embodiment of the trocar puncture needle of the present invention, wherein the tongue portion 21 in FIG. The surface is in the form of an isosceles triangle with one corner being an obtuse angle.
2 is an edge 22A whose cross section is sharp at both ends in the maximum width direction,
A bi-convex lens shape having 22B, the tip portion 23 of (c) has a sharp edge 23 at both ends in the maximum width direction in cross section.
This is a plano-convex lens shape having A and 23B.

In FIG. 5A, the cutting edge 21 has a flat triangular pyramid shape and a pair of sharp edges 21A, 2A.
1B has the function of a blade that cuts the body tissue at a single cut, and the other one obtuse edge 21C is inserted into the cut with the surface 21D between the pair of opposite edges 21A and 21B. It has the function of penetrating in a wedge shape and pushing it open.

Also, the tip 22 of (b) and (c)
23 is a flat deformed cone, both of which have a pair of sharp edges 22A, 22B, 23A, 23B have the function of a blade that cuts the body tissue with a single cut, 22 on both sides between these edges
The surfaces C, 22D, 23C, and 23D have a function of penetrating into the cut and pushing it open.

[0053]

As described above, according to the trocar puncture needle of the present invention, a pair of acute angles formed at both ends in the maximum width direction of the cross section of the conical tip having a flat cross section are formed. The edges allow the body tissue to be cut at a single cut, while the area between these edges is wedge-shaped into the cut and opened.

As a result, it is possible to reduce the resistance generated when the cannula penetrates a body tissue such as a muscle following the trocar puncture needle, and the trocar can be inserted into the body cavity of the patient with a small force.

Further, since the cut formed when the trocar puncture needle is inserted into the body tissue has a single character, the wound can be healed quickly after the operation, and the scar of the operation can be made inconspicuous. .

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a trocar puncture needle showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of the trocar puncture needle shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a side view of the trocar puncture needle shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape at the position of line AA in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional shape of a tip portion of a trocar puncture needle according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Isosceles triangle with two corners being obtuse, (b)
The cross section shows a biconvex lens shape, and (c) shows a plano-convex lens shape.

FIG. 6 is a view showing a state in which a trocar is inserted into a body cavity.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a puncture needle used in a conventional trocar, in which (a) has a conical tip, and (b) has a pyramid-shaped tip. Are shown below.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 trocar puncture needle 2, 21, 22, 23 tip 2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 21A, 21B, 22A, 2
2B, 23A, 23B Edge 3 Guide blade 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D Edge 4 Mounting shaft 4A Engagement hook

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page F term (reference) 4C060 FF27 4C061 AA24 BB00 CC00 DD00 GG27

Claims (3)

[Claims] The present invention has a plurality of ridges extending rearward from a front end, and has a cone-shaped notch portion in which a ridge line passes through both ends in a maximum width direction in a flat cross section. A pair of sharp edges are formed only by the ridge lines passing through both ends in the maximum width direction, and the pair of edges have a function as a blade for cutting the body tissue with a straight cut, and these edges at the cutting edge portion A trocar puncture needle characterized in that a portion between the trocars has a function of invading and opening the cut in a wedge shape. 2. The cutting portion is formed in a flat quadrangular pyramid having a rhombic cross section, and a pair of acute angles formed by four ridge lines extending rearward from the sharp tip of the cutting portion. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the main edge has a function as a blade for cutting the body tissue at a single cut, and the remaining pair of obtuse edges has a function to penetrate and open the cut at a wedge shape. The trocar puncture needle as described. 3. The cutting portion is formed in a flat triangular pyramid shape whose cross section is an isosceles triangle including one obtuse angle, and three ridge lines extending rearward from the sharp tip of the cutting portion are respectively formed. Among the edges to be formed, a pair of sharp edges have a function as a blade for cutting a body tissue with a straight cut, and the remaining obtuse edges have a function to penetrate and open the cut in a wedge shape. The trocar puncture needle according to claim 1, wherein