JP2001309749A - Feed additive for fishes - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a feed additive capable of improving anti-disease properties, raising the survival ratio and promoting the growth in culturing fishes with a live bait or an artificial formula feed. SOLUTION: This feed additive for the fishes is obtained by formulating pyroligneous acid and a fermented albumen with lactoferrin, vitamins, minerals and amino acids.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a feed additive for fish, and more particularly to a feed additive for fish added to feed for the purpose of promoting growth, improving health and improving disease resistance in fish farming. It is.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, there has been a tendency that damages caused by infectious diseases such as iridovirus infection, streptococcal disease, nodular disease, vibrio disease and the like have increased in cultured fish, and countermeasures have been required. For this reason, it is common practice to add antibiotics to feeds. However, safety problems such as emergence of resistant bacteria and persistence of antibiotics in the body have been pointed out.

[0003] Therefore, by using immunostimulating substances such as gram-positive bacteria and peptidoglycan derived from positive bacteria, lipopolysaccharide derived from gram-negative bacteria and negative bacteria, yeast and polysaccharides derived from yeast, the biological defense ability of fish is improved. Activate,
Attempts have also been made to increase the resistance to infections caused by viruses and bacteria.

[0004]

However, even if the above-mentioned immunostimulant is used, it is not always satisfactory under various breeding environments, such as feed for farmed fish, water temperature of farming cages, and farming density. At present, no good results have been obtained. For this reason, in order to maintain a healthy state and promote growth under various conditions associated with aquaculture, a feed additive for fish having an excellent immunostimulating effect and high nutritional value is desired.

An object of the present invention is to provide a feed additive which has an excellent immunostimulating effect in the cultivation of fish as described above, has a high nutritional value, can maintain the health of fish, and can promote growth. As a result of intensive study,
By adding lactoferrin to wood vinegar, fermented egg white or a mixture of wood vinegar and fermented egg white, and adding vitamins, minerals and amino acids necessary for fish growth, the disease resistance is dramatically improved, An object of the present invention is to provide a fish feed additive capable of promoting fish growth.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The invention according to claim 1 is a feed additive for fish, which is characterized by blending lactoferrin, vitamins, minerals and amino acids with wood vinegar.

[0007] The invention according to claim 2 is a fish feed additive characterized by blending lactoferrin, vitamins, minerals and amino acids with fermented egg white.

A third aspect of the present invention is a feed additive for fish, wherein lactoferrin, vitamins, minerals, and amino acids are added to a mixture of wood vinegar and fermented egg white.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the food additive for fish according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein
It is characterized by blending one or more extracts or powders of aloe or extracts or powders of pepper.

[0010]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As described above, the present invention comprises adding lactoferrin to wood vinegar or fermented egg white or wood vinegar and fermented egg white, and further adding vitamins, minerals, amino acids,
A feed additive for fish containing nutrients such as carbohydrates. This feed additive is used for raw feed such as horse mackerel, mackerel, sardine, dry pellets (DP), extruded pellets (EP), moist pellets (artificial Feeding with a combined feed in a form such as (feed + raw feed) enhances the immunostimulatory effect on fish, exerts anti-disease properties, and promotes maintenance of fish health and promotion of growth.

The wood vinegar used in the present invention is obtained by collecting a wood sap extracted by distillation of trees or white smoke generated by thermal decomposition as an aqueous solution. In addition to acetic acid as a main component, alcohols and phenols are used. , Esters, aldehydes, ketones and other organic acid components. It is important that the wood vinegar liquid used in the present invention does not contain carcinogenic substances or the like in its components.
0-120 ° C is suitable.

[0012] With respect to wood vinegar, fat has been converted into energy by adding wood vinegar to feed, and effects such as prevention of fat accumulation in the body, improvement of meat quality and improvement of disease resistance have been obtained. It is known. However, at present, satisfactory results have not always been obtained in the effects of preventing the occurrence of fish disease, promoting growth, and the like under various aquaculture environments by simply adding the wood vinegar solution.

Therefore, in the present invention, lactoferrin is added to the wood vinegar solution, and vitamins, minerals, and amino acids necessary for the growth of fish are blended.
It can provide fish with disease resistance to prevent the occurrence of fish disease and further promote growth. In addition, fermented egg white may be used in place of the wood vinegar solution, and furthermore, the wood vinegar solution and the fermented egg white may be used in combination.

Lactoferrin is contained in milk, saliva, tears and the like of mammals such as humans and cattle as one of the protective factors, and has an action of suppressing or inactivating the growth of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. This lactoferrin contains about 18
It is an iron-binding glycoprotein having a molecular weight of 000, and one molecule of lactoferrin has a property of binding to two atoms of iron. In addition, this lactoferrin is antibacterial,
It has an antiviral action, an immunoregulatory action, an antioxidant action, an iron absorption regulating action, an intestinal flora improving action, an inflammation suppressing action, and the like.

Physiological functions of lactoferrin on fish include a parasite defense effect by a mucus strengthening effect on the body surface,
Phagocytic cells (amoeba-like migratory cells found widely in animals, such as neutrophil polynuclear leukocytes and mononuclear leukocytes), complement, NK cells (Natural Killer cells),
It has an immunostimulatory effect that enhances the activity of lectins, lysozymes, etc., and also has an effect of reducing stress in aquaculture environments such as overcrowding, hypoxia, drugs, and reticulation, as well as an effect of increasing body weight and promoting the absorption of minerals. I have. Such a lactoferrin may be a commercially available product separated and purified from milk, but may be a decomposed product obtained by hydrolyzing lactoferrin with a protease. The amount of lactoferrin used is suitably from 0.01 to 10% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the total amount of the additives.

Dried egg white contains egg white lysozyme, and when used in combination with lactoferrin, both lysozyme and lactoferrin have a synergistic effect, have the effect of aggregating bacteria and suppressing growth. In this invention, lactic acid bacteria, Aspergillus or a group of useful microorganisms (Effec
five Micro-organisms, EM
Fermented egg white that has been fermented and decomposed with fermented egg whites as an additive. This additive can be administered to fish along with raw feed, or when mixed with a mixed feed and administered, EM bacteria can digest the feed. In addition to its nutritional chemistry such as absorption and synthesis of vitamins, it acts as a defense against infections such as suppressing the growth of pathogens that have entered from the outside.

The EM bacteria described above include photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria,
It contains useful microorganisms such as yeast, gram-positive actinomycetes, and fermentative filamentous fungi, which are present in more than 80 species of 10 genera, and such diverse microorganisms coexist and co-prosper with each other in feed. In addition, while producing a synergistic effect, organic substances are fermented and decomposed to biosynthesize substances such as amino acids and nucleic acids useful for fish growth.

Further, in the present invention, it is preferable to add an extract or powder of aloe or a powder of pepper. There are various types of aloe depending on the place of origin, but in the present invention, it is particularly desirable to use Kidachi aloe containing various medicinal ingredients. Aloe contains aloe, which shows a gastroenteric effect, aloecin, which shows an antibacterial effect, aloe-emodin, aloe-ursin, which shows a protective effect against infection, aloe lectin, which shows an immune function activity, etc. By using the powder, an improvement in the disease resistance is recognized.

Capsicum contains vitamin B ₁ , B ₂ , C, carotenoids, etc., in addition to capsaicin which is a pungent component. In particular, capsaicin has a digestive juice secretion-promoting action, vasoconstriction and dilation action, and has an effect of preventing the accumulation of body fat by an energy conversion action of fat. It can promote the growth of fish. These aloe or pepper are 0.1 to 20% by weight of the total amount of the additives.
Particularly, 1 to 10% by weight is appropriate.

In the feed additive of the present invention, a wood vinegar solution,
Vitamins, minerals, amino acids, carbohydrates, etc. are added as nutrients along with fermented egg white, lactoferrin, etc. As vitamins, vitamin A, vitamin B ₁ , vitamin B ₂ , vitamin B ₆ , vitamin B ₁₂ ,
Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Inositol,
Minerals such as choline chloride, niacin, pantothenic acid, biotin, and folic acid include ZnSO ₄ , CoS
O ₄ , FeSO ₄ , CuSO ₄ , Na ₂ SO ₄ , MgS
O ₄ , KIO ₃ , MnSO ₄ , NaH ₂ PO ₄ , Na ₂
There are HPO ₄ , iron citrate, ferrous fumarate, iron peptide, and the like. Of these, necessary addition amounts may be added to the corresponding fish species.

The amino acids include isoleucine, leucine, valine, threonine, methionine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, arginine, histidine, proline, glycine, alanine, sodium glutamate,
Taurine and the like may be used, and one or more selected from these may be blended as needed.

As the carbohydrates, monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose and mannose, disaccharides such as sucrose, maltose and lactose, and polysaccharides such as pregelatinized starch, cellulose, xanthan gum and dextran are preferable.

In addition, the feed additives of the present invention include diluents such as water, excipients such as flour and brewer's yeast, dispersants or thickeners such as xanthan gum and wheat gluten,
Known additives such as preservatives such as calcium propionate and ethoxyquin can be used as needed.

The fish which can be fed with the feed additive of the present invention together with raw feed or combined feed to provide disease resistance and promote growth are Hamachi, Thailand, Trafugu,
Horse mackerel, carp, rainbow trout, amberjack, sweetfish, flounder,
There are Suzuki and others. The feed additive of the present invention is suitably added at 0.5 to 3% by weight based on the raw feed or the compound feed.

[0025]

EXAMPLES Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Six marine cages having a size of 11 mx 11 mx 10 m were prepared, and these were placed in test plots (this embodiment) 1 to
4. Control groups (Comparative Examples) 1 and 2. Amberjack fry with an average fish weight of 100 g was placed in each of these cages for 10,0 each.
A total of 00 tails were housed and a breeding test was performed. Feeding was performed three times a week, and raw feeds such as horse mackerel, mackerel, and sardine varied depending on the quality of fish eating at that time, and 5 to 30% by weight of the total fish weight in each section was added. Each time the raw feed was fed, the feed additive having the compounding ratio shown in Table 1 was added to the live feed in the cages of the test plots 1 and 3 and the control plot 1 by 0.5.
2.0% by weight was administered to the cages in Test Zone 2 and Control Zone 2, and 3.0% by weight to the cage in Test Zone 4.
The wood vinegar used was T-75 manufactured by Tokai Kasei Co., Ltd., the lactoferrin used was DMV INTERNATIONAL (Netherlands), the aloe extract used was Nippon Herb Foods Co., Ltd., and Kidachi Aloe 3.5 ° product was used. The additives used in the test groups 1, 3, 4 and the control group 1 were of an aqueous solution type, and the additives used in the test group 2 and the control group 2 were of a powder type.

[0027]

[Table 1]

The breeding by the above feeding method was carried out for 3 months. Meanwhile, on the 30th, 60th and 90th days, the average fish weight of amberjack in each test group and control group,
The growth rate of amberjack was examined by measuring the meat increase coefficient, survival rate, and the like. The results are shown in Table 2. The water temperature during this breeding period is 18-28 ° C.

[0029]

[Table 2]

[0030] Considering Table 2, it is clear that in the test plots 1 to 4 fed with the feed additive according to the present invention, both the growth degree and the survival rate are remarkable as compared with the growth of amberjack juveniles in the control plots 1 and 2. Was observed. In particular, in the test group, the average fish body weight was measured 30 days after the start of feeding, and it was confirmed that the fish grew better than the control group. As for the meat increase coefficient, there was no significant difference between the test group and the control group 30 days after the start of feeding, but the meat increase coefficient of the test group was greater than that of the control group after 60 days and 90 days after breeding. The value was considerably low, indicating that the ratio of feed additives administered together with live feed to the test plots contributed to amber growth. Furthermore, comparing the results of the test plots 1 to 3, the wood vinegar liquid and lactoferrin (test plot 1) and the wood vinegar liquid and the test plots 3 and 4 of the combination of fermented egg white and lactoferrin were better than the fermented egg white and lactoferrin (test plot 2). It was found that the additives greatly contributed to the growth.

Although the survival rate of the test group and the control group decreased with the passage of days from the start of feeding, the survival rate of the test group was higher than that of the control group. Pathogenicity was observed. In Test Group 4 to which the additive containing the aloe extract and the pepper powder was administered, a particularly high survival rate was exhibited, and the growth promoting effect and the improvement of the disease resistance by the aloe extract and the pepper powder were recognized.

[0032]

As described above, in the breeding of cultured fish, the feed of the present invention in which vitamins, minerals and amino acids are mixed with a mixture of wood vinegar and lactoferrin, fermented egg white and lactoferrin, or a mixture of wood vinegar and fermented egg white and lactoferrin. If the additive is administered together with live feed or combined feed, the immunostimulatory effect of fish can be enhanced, disease resistance can be improved, survival rate is high, and growth can be promoted.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) A23K 1/16 304 A23K 1/16 304 1/18 102 1/18 102A (72) Inventor Daisuke Taga Hyogo 244 Kaiyo Kagaku Co., Ltd. F-term (reference) 2762, Matsuzawa, Tojo-cho, Kato-gun (reference) AE34 AE37 AE45 BB01 CE02 CJ07 DA43 DD38 DD41 DD42 DD57 DE01 DH35 EB02

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A feed additive for fish, wherein lactoferrin, vitamins, minerals and amino acids are added to a wood vinegar solution. 2. A feed additive for fish, wherein lactoferrin, vitamins, minerals and amino acids are added to fermented egg white. 3. A mixture of wood vinegar and fermented egg white with lactoferrin,
A feed additive for fish, further comprising vitamins, minerals and amino acids. 4. The fish feed additive according to claim 1, wherein one or more of aloe extract or powder or capsicum extract or powder is blended.