JP2001291366A - Recording method and apparatus, and recording medium - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [PROBLEMS] To enable restoration even if management information for managing a hierarchical structure on a disk is lost. An area DAN-2 records management information of a hierarchical structure of a disk. The RIF includes a copy of the area DAN-2 and the FE of the RIF itself. Also, the area DAN
-3 in which the original FE is duplicated is also added to the file written in -3. The duplicated FE of the file is
Managed by REIF. The FID of the file in the area DAN-2 indicates the FE of the file. The FE is also indicated by the FID of the corresponding file in the RIF. If the information in the area dan-2 is damaged, the corresponding information in the RIF is used in place of the damaged information, or the corresponding information in the RIF is written to the area dan-2 and the information is damaged. The management information is restored.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a recording method and apparatus for recording data on a rewritable disk-shaped recording medium capable of recording a particularly large amount of data, and
It relates to a recording medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, DVD (Digital Versatile Disk)
As a result, the development of high-density optical discs has progressed, and with this, standardization of standards has been promoted. With this standardization,
UDF (Universal Disk Format) was formulated. DVD
DVD-RAM (DVD-Random Ac
cess Memory) uses a logical format according to the UDF. Also, CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read
This UDF is applicable to a CD-R in which Only Memory (Writable Memory) is writable and a CD-RW in which rewritable data is rewritable.

[0003] In UDF, a hierarchical file system is used, and a subdirectory is referred to from information stored in a root directory. File is referenced.

The above will be described more specifically. The recording area on the disk is accessed with a sector as a minimum unit. For example, in a DVD-RAM, access is made from the inside to the outside of the disk. From the innermost side, an area (here, a system area) in which volume information is written is arranged following the lead-in area.
A position where a file entry (File Entry: hereinafter abbreviated as FE) of the root directory is written is shown.
The FE includes an Allocation Descriptor (hereinafter, abbreviated as AD), which is information on the address and length of a root directory, a subdirectory, and a file.

In the root directory FE, AD
Indicates the logical address and length of the root directory as an entity. The root directory contains one or more File Identifier Descrip
tor: hereinafter abbreviated as FID).
E and FE of the file are referred to. These FEs refer to the corresponding subdirectories and file entities. The substance of the subdirectory further includes one or more FIDs. That is, in UDF, except for the root directory, FID and FE
Are used as pointers to access in the order of FID, FE, and entity.

[0006]

By the way, in UDF, the above-mentioned FID, FE and entity can be written in any recordable area. FID, FE
And entities can be written to distant addresses, even if they are related information. FID, FE
It is stated that the addresses where the entities are written need not be in the order in which they are accessed.

FIG. 18 shows a conventional U defined as above.
4 shows an example of data arrangement on a disk by DF. A lead-in area 201 is arranged on the innermost circumference of the disc 200,
A system area 202 is arranged outside the lead-in area 201. The entity 203 of the root directory is arranged, for example, outside the system area 202.

As an example, a case where a file is accessed from a root directory via a subdirectory will be described. FI of entity 203 of root directory
D, the FE 20 of the subdirectory at an address physically separated from the entity 203 of the root directory.
4 is referenced. In addition, FE20 in the subdirectory
4, the entity 205 of the subdirectory located at an address remote from the FE 204 of the subdirectory is referred to. Similarly, the subdirectory entity 20
5 is referred to, and the entity 205 of the subdirectory is referred to.
The FE 206 of the file located at an address distant from the file is referred to, and the AD of the FE 206 of the file refers to the entity 207 of the file located at an address distant from the FE 206 of the file.

As another example, even when a file is directly referenced from the root directory, the FID of the entity 203 of the root directory is referred to and the FID of the file at an address distant from the entity 203 of the root directory is referred to.
E208 is referred to, and the file entity 209 at an address remote from the FE208 of the file is referred to by the AD of the FE208 of the file.

As described above, when information on directories and files is scattered on a disk, it takes time to read the information. That is, if one file is accessed by referring to pointers existing at addresses apart from each other, the seek time of the disk becomes longer, and there is a problem that quick access is not possible. In particular, like optical disks and magneto-optical disks,
This is remarkable in a disk-shaped recording medium that is slower to access than a hard disk or the like.

To solve this problem, for example, FI
It is also conceivable to collectively record pointer information such as D and FE in a predetermined area of the disk. However, when only one piece of management information is recorded on a recording medium,
If this management information is lost for some reason, there is a problem that the lost management information cannot be restored and the information recorded on the recording medium cannot be accessed. .

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a recording method and apparatus and a recording medium which can restore the lost management information even if the management information on the recording medium is lost for some reason. Is to do.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention manages a hierarchical structure of a file system in a recording method for recording data on a disk-shaped recording medium based on a hierarchical file system. The management information is recorded in a specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium, the entire specific area is directly copied to another area, and the entire specific area copied to another area is treated as one backup file. This is a recording method characterized in that:

According to the present invention, in a recording apparatus for recording data on a disk-shaped recording medium based on a hierarchical file system, management information for managing the hierarchical structure of the file system is recorded in a specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium. In addition to the above, the recording apparatus is characterized in that the entire specified area is copied to another area as it is and handled as a backup file of the management information.

According to the present invention, in a recording medium in which data is recorded on a disk-shaped recording medium based on a hierarchical file system, management information for managing the hierarchical structure of the file system is recorded in a specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium. Recording, wherein the entire specified area is directly copied to another area, and the entire specified area copied to another area can be handled as one backup file. Medium.

As described above, according to the present invention, management information for managing the hierarchical structure of a file system is recorded in a specific area of a disk-shaped recording medium, and the entire specific area is copied as is to another area. Further, since the entire specified area copied to another area is handled as one backup file, even if the management information of the file system is damaged, the management information can be restored using the backup file. .

[0017]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a logical format of a disk-shaped recording medium 1 according to the present invention in association with a disk shape. The logical format of the disc-shaped recording medium 1 is UDF (Uniform
versal Disk Format). In the disk-shaped recording medium 1 (hereinafter, referred to as the disk 1), a lead-in area 10 is arranged on the innermost circumference. Logical sector numbers (LSN: Logical Sect) from outside the lead-in area 10
or Number), and the volume information area 11, the area DAN (Data Area Number) -1, and the DAN-
2, a DAN-3 and a volume information area 12, and a lead-out area 13 at the outermost periphery. Area D
Logical block numbers are assigned to AN-1 to AN-3.

FIG. 2 shows the volume information areas 11 and 1
2 shows the contents of an example. In the volume information area 11,
Based on UDF regulations, VRS (Volume Recognition Se
quence), MVDS (Main Volume Descriptor) and L
VIS (Logical Volume Integrity Sequence) is written. At the end of the volume information area 11, an anchor point is set. The contents of the volume information area 11 are stored in the volume information area 12 inside the lead-out area 13 in an RVDS (Reserve Volume Descriptor Sequence).
ce) is written twice. An anchor point is placed at the beginning and end of the volume information area 12. The anchor point at the end of the volume information area 12 corresponds to the last logical sector number.

When the logical sector number is between 272 and (final logical sector number-272), LVS (Logical Volume Sp
ace), and a partition area is provided. This L
The above-mentioned areas DAN-1 to DAN-3 are arranged in the VS. The area DAN-1 provided on the innermost side of the LVS is
It consists of FSD (File Set Descriptor) and SBD (Space Bitmap Descriptor) based on the UDF regulations. SB
D represents the entire free area information of the disk 1 by setting a flag for each sector. In addition, the area DAN-
1 shows the address of the FE of the root directory of the hierarchical structure of the file system.

The area DAN-2 is a directory FE (F
ile (Entry) and the entity's FID (File ID). That is, the FE of these directories and the FID of the entity are collectively recorded in the area DAN-2. As described above, in the area DAN-2,
Management information of the hierarchical structure of the file system is recorded.

In the area DAN-2, a predetermined capacity is continuously secured in advance at the time of formatting to be described later. Although details will be described later, the unused area of the area DAN-2 is secured as a file to which a specific attribute is added. Hereinafter, a file composed of an unused area of the area DAN-2 is referred to as an EIF (E
ntry Information File). EIF unused area
The unused area can be prevented from being recognized as a free area in the above-described SBD.

As already described in the conventional example, FE indicates the actual location (address) and size of a file or directory. AD (Allocation Descriptor) during FE
Indicates this information. Also, FID is
The name of the file or directory, and the location (address) and size of the FE are shown. ICB in FID (Informati
on Control Block) describes this information.

The area DAN-3 is an area where the FE of the file and its substance are placed. In the area DAN-3, the FE of the file and the file corresponding to the FE are:
They are arranged consecutively in address. When a file is added, the FE of the file to be added is continuously arranged in address with respect to the existing file, and the substance of the file is continuously arranged in address. In this way, by arranging the FEs and entities of the file consecutively in terms of address, the file can be accessed at high speed.

Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, a method of managing directories, files and free areas according to the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 shows a region D in FIG.
It is the figure which extracted AN-1-AN-3. Here, it is assumed that the data recording direction is counterclockwise as shown in an example in FIG. FIG. 4 shows each FE, F
3 shows a hierarchical structure of an example of an ID and an entity.

For example, if the FE of the root directory is LS
It is assumed that the processing starts from N = a. F of root directory
The address and size of the entity of the root directory are indicated by AD in E. The address of the root directory can be arranged continuously with the FE of the root directory. For example, LSN = a + 1. The root directory entity includes one or more FIDs. The name, address, and size of the FE of a subdirectory of the root directory (hereinafter abbreviated as a subdirectory) are described in the FID. F in subdirectory
E is arranged so as to be continuous with the entity of the root directory, for example, LSN = a + 2. The address and size of the entity of the subdirectory are described by the AD in the FE of the subdirectory. The address of the entity of this subdirectory is arranged so as to be continuous with the FE of the subdirectory.
N = a + 3. The entity in the subdirectory includes one or more FIDs, and describes the name, address, and size of the FE of the file or another subdirectory.

By referring to each FE, FID and entity in this way, as shown in FIG.
An entity of the root directory, subdirectory information of the root directory, and the like are continuously arranged with respect to the FE of the root directory located at a predetermined position on the innermost circumference of AN-2.

On the other hand, referring to FIG. 3, the name, address and size of the FE of the EIF are described by the FID in the substance of the root directory. The address and size of the entity of the EIF are described by the AD in the FE of the EIF. As described above, since the EIF is treated as a file, its address and size are indicated by the FE as in the case of other files.

As shown in an example in FIG. 4, the FE of the EIF is arranged, for example, after the entity of the EIF. E
The start and / or end address and the size of the entity of the IF vary depending on the amount of each information written to the area DAN-2, as described later.

As described above, the FE of the root directory, the entity of the root directory, the FE of the subdirectory of the root directory, the entity of the subdirectory of the root directory, the FE of the EIF and the entity of the EIF are stored in the area DA.
N-2.

In the area DAN-3, the FE of the file and the substance of the file are arranged. The substance of the file is an area where user data and the like are actually written. FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the FE of a file whose name, address, and size are described by the FID in the entity of the root directory is placed in the area DAN-3. At this time, the start address of the FE of the file is LSN = d
And The address and size of the entity of the file are indicated by the AD in the FE of the file. The substance of the file is arranged so as to be continuous with the FE of the file. For example, the start address is LSN = d + 1.

As described above, the area DAN-2 is reserved in advance when the disk 1 is formatted. Next, an example of a format method of the disc 1 will be schematically described. It is assumed that the lead-in area 10 and the lead-out area 13 already exist before the format process, for example, they are created in advance during a press process for manufacturing the disc 1. The formatting process proceeds from the inner circumference to the outer circumference of the disk 1.

When the formatting process is started, first, the above-mentioned VRS, MVDS and LVIS are written from outside the lead-in area 10. Next, an LVS is created. In the LVS, first, an area DAN-1 is created. The FSD is written and the location of the root directory is determined. Then, an SBD is created. At this time, the EIF area is secured by setting the EIF area as a used area in the SBD.

After the SBD is created and the area DAN-1 is created, the area DAN-
2 is created. In the creation of the area DAN-2, first, the root directory FE and the substance of the root directory are continuously written at predetermined addresses based on the FSD written in the area DAN-1. Next, the FID of the EIF is added to the entity of the created root directory. In this FID, the address of the FE of the EIF is specified.

At this time, the attribute of the EIF is specified in the FID. The designated attribute of the EIF is for preventing the EIF from being deleted, rewritten, or moved by another device or an OS (Operating System). For example, "hidden file attribute", "system file attribute", and "read-only file attribute" are all specified as attributes of the EIF.

The “hidden file attribute” is an attribute that makes it impossible to browse a file for which this attribute is set by a normal method. The “system file attribute” is an attribute indicating that the file to which this attribute is set is a file necessary for the system. The “read-only file attribute” is an attribute indicating that the file to which this attribute is set is read-only, and that alteration or deletion is prohibited by the system. By designating these three attributes together in a file, it becomes impossible to perform processes such as erasing, rewriting, and moving the file except for intentional operations. Note that these attributes can be canceled by a predetermined method.

Next, the FE of the EIF is created. As described above, the FE specifies the address and size of the file. Therefore, the file exists only by designating the FE, and can be used as a dummy file. “Read-only file attribute” and “system file attribute” are specified in the FE of the EIF.

As described above, by making the EIF exist in the area DAN-2, the free area of the area DAN-2 is
F. As mentioned above, D
After the format process, the FE and the entity of the subdirectory are written in AN-2. At this time, E
By removing the IF area, the FE and entity of these subdirectories are created in the area DAN-2.

Although details will be described later, the area DAN-2
Are not limited to the order described above, and may be performed in another order. At this time, naturally, the arrangement order of each information in the area DAN-2 also changes.

Thus, the area DAN-2 is created. Outside the area DAN-2 is the area DAN-3,
No processing is particularly performed in the area DAN-3. For example, the following processing is performed while skipping the area specified as the area DAN-3. After the area DAN-3, RVDS
Is created. As described above, the information of the previously created VRS, MVDS, and LVIS is written twice. The RVDS is created, and the formatting process of the disc 1 is completed.

In the above description, in the area DAN-2, the FE and entity of the root directory are written, then the EIF is created, and then the FE of the EIF is created. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. In this embodiment, the location address where the FE of the EIF is arranged is fixed. The locations of the FEs of the EIF include (1) before the root directory, (2) after the root directory, and (3) areas DAN-2 and DAN-3.
These three cases are conceivable. Referring to FIGS. 5A to 5E, the region DAN-2 for each case is described.
A method of creating an EIF in the embodiment will be described.

In FIGS. 5A to 5E, the entire block corresponds to the area DAN-2, and the left end is the area DAN-1.
At the end. That is, the LSN increases from the left end to the right end in the figure. In FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 described later, the directory is abbreviated as “Dir”.

FIG. 5A shows that the FE and the entity of the root directory are arranged at the head of the area DAN-2,
This is an example in which the FE of the EIF is arranged at the end of -2. EIF
Is the EIF from the end of the root directory entity.
Is an area between the heads of the FEs. In the example of FIG. 5A, the FIF of the EIF arranged on the end side of the area DAN-2 is determined by the FID of the EIF in the entity of the root directory.
The address of E is shown. The FE of the EIF indicates the start address of the entity of the EIF by going back the address.

In the example of FIG. 5A, information on the sub-directory (FE and entity) is added to the area DAN-2 following the entity of the root directory.
The EIF entity has its area removed from the beginning,
The start address information of the EIF described in the AD in E is rewritten.

In the example of FIG. 5A, by setting the address of the FE of the EIF to a predetermined address, the EIF can be accessed without referring to the FID in the entity of the root directory. become.
Therefore, the FID corresponding to the EIF in the entity of the root directory is not rewritten. Therefore, even if the EIF is destroyed by being rewritten for some reason, if the FE of the EIF remains, the EIF
Can be easily restored.

FIG. 5B shows an example in which the EI is located at the beginning of the area DAN-2.
The FE and EIF entities of F are located in region DAN-2.
In this example, the root directory entity and the FE are arranged on the end side of the root directory. The FID in the entity of the root directory indicates the FE of the EIF by going back to the address.
AD in F's FE indicates the substance of EIF.

In the example of FIG. 5B, the information of the subdirectory is added to the area DAN-2 by deleting the EIF entity from the beginning. The FE of the EIF is rewritten accordingly. In the example of FIG. 5B, the FE of the root directory allocated on the terminal side is specified after the format processing. For example, a root directory is created after the format processing, and at that time, the FE of the root directory is created.

Normally, in a computer system or the like, a disc is accessed from a root directory.
By arranging the FE and the entity of the root directory after the FE and the entity of the EIF as in the example of FIG. 5B, the security for the FE and the entity of the EIF increases.

Similarly, FIG. 5C shows an example in which the FE of the EIF is arranged before the FE of the root directory.
That is, the FE of the EIF and the FE of the root directory are arranged at the head side of the area DAN-2, followed by the entity of the root directory and the entity of the EIF.
FIG. 5D shows the EIF F at the beginning of area DAN-2.
In this example, E and the entity are arranged, and the FE and the entity of the root directory are arranged on the end side. Further, FIG.
Is the root directory F at the beginning of the area DAN-2.
In this example, an E and an entity are arranged, and an FE and an entity of the EIF are arranged on the terminal side.

Next, a method of adding a subdirectory after the format processing will be described in more detail. As mentioned above, the FE and entity of the subdirectory are:
In the area DAN-2, the actual area of the EIF is cut and created. This will be described with reference to FIG. 6 taking the case of FIG. 5A as an example. In FIG. 6, the meaning of each unit is the same as that in FIG. 5 described above.

FIG. 6A shows a state immediately after the format processing. FIG. 6A is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 5A described above. In this state, a subdirectory is added. First, as shown in FIG. 6B, an FID indicating a subdirectory is added to the entity of the root directory. At this time, the FID is added so as to reduce the size of the area of the entity of the EIF. this is,
Actually, when the last sector in which the entity of the root directory is placed becomes full, the entity of the EIF is deleted. If not, there is no need to cut.

Next, the size of the EIF is further reduced in order to add the FE of the subdirectory (FIG. 6C).
In this case, the entity of the EIF must be deleted. Further, as shown in FIG. 6D, the size of the entity of the EIF is further reduced in order to add the entity of the subdirectory. Further, the FE information of the EIF is rewritten so as to reflect the change in the size of the entity of the EIF so far.

In the above description, an example in which a subdirectory is added has been described. However, this method can be applied to a case where a file is added to a root directory.

It is also conceivable that the FE of the EIF exists at the location of the FE in the subdirectory as in the example of FIG. 5E described above. In this case, EIF
After moving the FE to another sector, it is necessary to update the address information of the FID corresponding to the EIF. In the configuration shown in FIG. 5A, there is no need for such processing.

Next, a process of adding a file to the root directory will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, the FE and entity of the file are stored in the area DA.
N-3. When a file is added to the root directory, the FID of the file to be added is additionally written in the substance of the root directory. At this time, if necessary, the size of the EIF in the area DAN-2 is reduced, and accordingly, the FE of the EIF is rewritten.

The FE of the file to be added (referred to as file A) is created at the address indicated by the FID added in the entity of the root directory. The substance of the file A is continuously written in the FE of the file A in an address manner. File B, File C, ...
In the case of writing, the FE of the file B is created continuously in address at the rear end of the entity of the file A written immediately before, and the FE of the file B is successively created in address in response to this FE. The entity is written. Similarly, for the next file C, the FE of the file C
Are created consecutively in address from the rear end, and the substance of file C is continuously written in address to FE of file C.

As described above, by locating the substance of the file immediately after the FE of the file, continuous access becomes possible. Further, by continuously arranging a plurality of files, continuous access to the plurality of files can be performed at higher speed.

By the way, for example, when many subdirectories are added under one root directory located in the area DAN-2, there are many FIDs in the entity of the root directory, and many FEs and entities in the subdirectory. Will be added. As a result, the added FI
It is conceivable that the area DAN-2 becomes full depending on D and the FE and entity of the subdirectory.

According to the present invention, in such a case, if there is room in the overall capacity of the disc 1, the area DA
Areas DAN-2 and DAN-3 can be newly created outside the position where the file exists in N-3. Hereinafter, the new regions DAN-2 and DAN-3 will be described.
Are referred to as a region DAN-2 ′ and a region DAN-3 ′.

FIG. 8 shows the area DAN-2 'and the area DA.
N-3 'is shown schematically. The area DAN-2 ′ is the area D
In the FE of the EIF already existing in AN-2, the FE is formed by adding AD ′ to the existing AD to increase the file size of the EIF. In the added AD ', an address indicating the outside of the location where the file of the area DAN-3 exists is described, and the added area of the area DAN-3 is described.
The size of the EIF 'to be added is described as -2'. The outside of the added EIF 'is a newly formed region DAN-3. The FE and entity of the subdirectory added to the root directory are stored in this area DAN.
-2 'and the file is written to area DAN-3'.

At this time, the SBD in the existing area DAN-1 is replaced with the EIF 'created in the area DAN-2'.
Is rewritten corresponding to. Thereby, the area DAN-
The area of EIF 'created in 2' is secured.

The EIF may be destroyed for some reason. If the EIF is destroyed, the file entity exists in the area DAN-3,
Information that refers to the file (FE in the subdirectory)
And the entity itself), and the file becomes virtually inaccessible. Therefore, EI
If F is destroyed, it must be restored.

The restoration of the EIF is performed as follows. For example, when the EIF is deleted and a file is added to the same directory, the FID of the EIF in the root directory is deleted.

In the first case, only the FID in the entity of the root directory is deleted, the FE location of the EIF remains, and the FE location of the EIF is known. In this case, the EFID can be restored by creating an EIF FID based on the remaining EIF FE and adding the created FID to the root directory entity.

As a second case, it is conceivable that the location of the FE of the EIF is not known. At this time, the whole area of the area DAN-2 is scanned and recalculated, and the FID and the FE of the EIF are newly created to be restored. For example, an area of the EIF can be obtained by scanning the area DAN-2, extracting a part other than the EIF, and calculating a difference between the extracted part and the area DAN-2. Since the EIFs are collectively secured in the area DAN-2, such a restoration method is possible.

FIG. 9 shows an example of the configuration of a drive device applicable to the present invention. Here, it is assumed that the above-described disc 1 uses a phase-change metal material for the recording layer, and the drive device controls the temperature applied to the recording layer by adjusting the laser output to change the state between crystalline and non-crystalline. It is assumed that data is recorded on the disk 1 by the phase change technique to be performed.

The disk 1 is driven to rotate by a spindle motor 22. Record data on disk 1,
An optical pickup 23 is provided for reproducing data from the disk 1. The optical pickup 23 is fed by a feed motor 24 in the radial direction of the disk.

Data from the external host computer 30 is transmitted to the interface 29 (for example, SCMS (Serial Co.)).
py Management System)). An encoder / decoder block 25 is connected to the interface 29, and a buffer memory 26 is connected to the encoder / decoder block 25. The buffer memory 26 holds write data or read data.

The write data is supplied to the encoder / decoder block 25 via the interface 29.
In the encoder / decoder block 25, at the time of recording,
The data in the format described above is generated, and then the data is encoded according to the format. At the time of reproduction, decoding processing is performed, and digital data is output to the host computer 30 via the interface 29. The address is added as a subcode in, for example, the encoder / decoder block 25, and is also added to a header in the data.

The recording data from the encoder / decoder block 25 is supplied to the laser driver 28 via the recording equalizer 27. In the laser driver 28, a drive waveform having a predetermined level for recording recording data on the disk 1 is generated. Laser driver 2
8 is supplied to the optical pickup 23 to record data. As described above, the laser power of the laser driver 28 is controlled to be appropriate by the APC (Automatic Power Control) in the RF signal processing block 31. Further, a signal generated by the return light from the disk 1 is supplied to the RF signal processing block 31. The address extraction circuit 32 extracts address information based on the signal supplied from the RF signal processing block. The extracted address information is stored in a control microcomputer 33 described later.
Supplied to

Further, in the RF signal processing block 31, the tracking error signal TERR,
A focus error signal FERR is generated. The tracking error signal and the focus error signal are supplied to the servo block 34.

The control microcomputer 33 controls the seek operation using the address and controls the laser power using the control signal. The control microcomputer 33 is a CPU
(Central Processing Unit), RAM (Random Access Me
mory) and ROM (Read Only Memory)
Interface 29, encoder / decoder block 25, RF signal processing block 31, servo block 34
Control the entire drive, etc. Further, a memory 36 can be connected to the control microcomputer 33.

Further, an RF signal obtained by reproducing the disk 1 is supplied to an encoder / decoder block 25. The encoder / decoder block 25 demodulates a modulation process performed during recording and decodes an error correction code (that is, decodes an error correction code). , Error correction) and the like. Encoder / decoder block 2
In 5, the reproduction data is stored in the buffer memory 26. When a read command from the host computer 30 is received, the read data is transmitted to the interface 29.
Is transferred to the host computer 30 via the.

The frame synchronization signal, tracking error signal and focus error signal from the RF signal processing block 31 and address information from the address extraction circuit are supplied to the servo block 34. Servo block 34
Performs tracking servo and focus servo for the optical pickup 23, spindle servo for the spindle motor 22, and thread servo for the feed motor 24.

In the above description, the host computer 30 is connected to the drive device. However, this is not limited to this example. The device connected to the drive device may be another device as long as the device inputs and outputs digital signals and has an appropriate interface. For example, the drive device may be built in a portable digital video recorder with a camera that records a captured image on a disk-shaped recording medium, for example.

In the above description, the format data for the disc 1 is generated by the encoder / decoder block 25, but this is not limited to this example. The format data can be generated by the control microcomputer 33. The format data may be supplied from the host computer 30.

Next, a method of protecting the management file according to the embodiment will be described. A backup file, an example of which is shown in FIG. 10B, is created for the area DAN-2 shown in FIG. 10A to protect the management file. Hereinafter, the backup file for this area dan-2 is referred to as RIF (Reserve Information File). The RIF is thus the region DAN-2 of FIG. 10A.
On the other hand, it is a file configured by adding the FE of the RIF itself. The RIF is located immediately after the area DAN-2.

In the example shown in FIG. 10A, the area DAN-2 is, as described above, the FE of the root directory from the LSN side.
And the root directory entity, followed by EI
The FID of F is provided. Then, the FID of the RIF is arranged after the FID of the EIF, and the REIF (Reserve (Reserve)) is further provided.
FID of Entry Information File). In this embodiment, as shown in an example in FIG. 10C, the FE of the file written in the area DAN-3 is double-written and backed up. REIF is a file for managing the information of the double-written FE. REIF
Next to the FID of the REIF, for example, the FID of the file written in the area DAN-3 is arranged, and after that, the FID of the REIF is placed.
E is placed. By the AD of REIF, the area DAN-
3, the duplicated FE of the file written is indicated. The EIF entity after the FE of the REIF is the entity of the EIF.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 10B, the RIF includes a copy of the area DAN-2 in FIG. 10A and the FE of the RIF itself. FIG. 11 shows regions DAN-2 and R
The relationship of IF is shown. Thus, the RIF entity consists of a complete copy of region DAN-2, which is
E is added to form the RIF.

In the above description, the FE of the file in the area DAN-3 is indicated by the corresponding FID in the area DAN-2 and the RIF, but this is not limited to this example. FID of area DAN-2 and FI of RIF
D and D may indicate different FEs of the file in the area DAN-3. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the FID of the area DAN-2 and the area dan-3
To the original FE of the file, and the FID of the RIF,
It can be made to indicate the duplicated FE of the file in the area DAN-3. Hereinafter, the same FE is used for the FID of the area DAN-2 and the FID of the RIF for ease of management.
The following describes an example of a case in which is indicated.

The RIF is created as follows at the time of formatting the disk 1. First, the format process proceeds as described above, and an area DAN-1 is created. When the area DAN-1 is created, an area DAN-2 is created outside the area DAN-1. That is, a root directory is created at a predetermined address, and the substance of the root directory is continuously written. Then, the FID of the EIF is added to the entity of the created root directory, and the address of the EIF is specified.

Next, the entity of the root directory is
The FID of F is added. Further, immediately after the area DAN-2, an RIF entity having the same size as the area DAN-2;
An RIF FE is created. At this stage, R
Only the IF FE is written to disk 1. When the FE of the RIF is written, a copy of the root directory and a copy of the FE of the EIF are written to the entity of the RIF.

Note that the created RIF is protected from being erased or rewritten by another device or OS.
The “hidden file attribute”, the read-only file attribute, and the “system file attribute” are all added.

When a new subdirectory (SD) is added to the root directory, the area DAN-
13, the FID and FE of the sub-directory are written, and the same data as the data written in the area DAN-2 is written in the RIF entity as shown in FIG. At this time, each data can be written in an arbitrary order.

When a file is added to the root directory, as shown in an example in FIG. 14, the FID of the file to be added is written in the area DAN-2, and the substance of the RIF is also stored in the area DAN-2. Is written in the same way as

As described above, in this embodiment,
The FE of the file is also duplicated. In the example of FIG. 14 described above, the FID of the area DAN-2 and the FID of the RIF are created for one of the FEs of the duplicated file. This is not limited to this example, and as shown in an example in FIG. 15, the FID of the additional file in the area DAN-2,
The FID of the additional file in the RIF may be created for each FE of the duplicated file.

Next, a case where the data in the area DAN-2 is damaged will be considered. The management data lost due to the corruption of the area DAN-2 can be repaired using the RIF. As a method of restoration, two methods of replacement and restoration can be considered. Hereinafter, a method of repairing the management data damaged by the damage of the area DAN-2 will be described.

First, a method of performing restoration by replacing data as a first method will be described with reference to FIG. For example, if the FE in the subdirectory is corrupted,
As a first step, the FID of the sub-directory in the area DAN-2 is rewritten so that the FID of the sub-directory in the area DAN-2 indicates the FE of the sub-directory written in the entity of the RIF. At the same time, the FID of the subdirectory written in the RIF entity is similarly rewritten. Then, as a second step, the FE of the subdirectory written in the entity of the RIF becomes effective,
The FE of the RIF is rewritten. At this time, the entity of the RIF is reduced by the FE of the replaced subdirectory.

In this way, data can be replaced. Although the example in which the FE of the subdirectory is damaged has been described here, the above-described processing can be applied to the case where the FID of the subdirectory or the entity thereof is damaged.

Next, as a second method, a method of performing restoration by restoring data will be described with reference to FIG. As described above, it is assumed that the FE in the subdirectory has been damaged. As a first step, data corresponding to the FE of the damaged subdirectory is searched for in the RIF. The found data is newly written in an empty area in the EIF entity in the area DAN-2, and is also written in the RIF. If there is no free space for writing the data, the data is replaced by the first method described above.

As a second step, the FE of the EIF in the area DAN-2 is rewritten to reduce the file size by the data newly written in the EIF. At the same time, the FE of the EIF in the RIF entity is similarly rewritten.

As a third step, the FID of the subdirectory of the area DAN-2 is rewritten so as to indicate the FE of the newly written and restored subdirectory. At the same time, the FID of the corresponding subdirectory in the RIF is similarly rewritten. In this way, the damaged management data is repaired.

Note that the first method has an advantage that processing is easier than the second method. On the other hand, the second method is to backup the restored and restored management data,
Since it is newly created, there is an advantage that the reliability is higher than that of the first method.

Next, a process for creating the file File1 under the root directory will be described. As a first step, in FIG. 10 described above, when writing the file File1 under the root directory, the FID of the file File1 is written into the entity of the root directory, and the same information is also written into the entity of the RIF. As a second step, the FE of the file File1 and its substance are written to the area DAN-3, and immediately after that, a backup (FE ') of the FE is written.
The third step is to add the REI in the root directory.
F FID is written and REIF FE is
Write to AN-2. Then, the address information and the size of the FE ′ are written in the AD in the FE of the written REIF. Furthermore, this information, that is, REIF F
Write ID, FE and AD in FE to RIF.

The file File1 in the area DAN-3
If the FE is damaged, it is repaired as follows. As for this processing, two methods of replacement and restoration are conceivable as in the above-described restoration of the area DAN-2 by the RIF.

The repair by replacement is performed as follows. As a first step, FE ′ of file File1 is found from FE of REIF. Next, as a second step, the F of the found file File1 is
In order to make E 'an official FE, the FID of the file File1 in the area DAN-2 and the RIF is rewritten. Then, as a third step, the area DAN-2
Corresponding to FE ′ of file File1
The same processing is performed on the RIF while deleting the AD in the FE of the IF. That is, the AD in the FE of the REIF corresponding to the FE ′ of the file File1 in the RIF is deleted.

The restoration by restoration is as follows. First, from the FE of the REIF, the FE 'of the file File1
Find out. Then, the FE is restored from the FE 'of the file File1. F of restored file File1
E is written to a free area of the area DAN-3. At the same time, the area Dan-2 and the file Fil in the RIF
Rewrite the FID of e1.

In the above description, the present invention has been described as being applied to a replaceable disk-shaped recording medium such as an optical disk or a magneto-optical disk. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. The present invention can be applied to other types of disc-shaped recording media as long as data recorded on the medium is managed by predetermined management information existing on the medium. For example, the present invention is also applicable to a fixed drive such as a hard disk drive.

[0098]

As described above, according to the present invention, management information of files and directories is collectively duplicated as a backup file. Therefore, even if the management information of the file or directory cannot be read for some reason such as damage, there is an effect that the management information can be restored by using the backup file.

Further, according to one embodiment of the present invention,
By examining the FE of the RIF, there is an effect that the amount of defective sectors in the area DAN-2 can be determined. That is, RI
This is because the smaller the file size of F, the larger the number of defective sectors in the area DAN-2.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a logical format of a disk-shaped recording medium according to the present invention in association with a disk shape.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the contents of an example of a volume information area.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for managing directories, files, and empty areas according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for managing directories, files, and free areas according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of creating an EIF in an area DAN-2.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of adding a subdirectory after a format process.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a process of adding a file to a root directory.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram schematically showing a newly added region DAN-2 ′ and a region DAN-3 ′.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an example of a drive device applicable to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for schematically explaining a RIF according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a relationship between a region DAN-2 and RIF.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of the RIF.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of adding a subdirectory to a root directory.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of adding a file to a root directory.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example of adding a file to a root directory.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of performing restoration by replacing data.

FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of performing restoration by restoring data.

FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a data arrangement on a disk according to a conventional UDF.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Disk-shaped recording medium, 10 ... Lead-in area, 11, 12 ... Volume information area, 13 ...
Lead-out area

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) G11B 20/12 G11B 20/12 F term (Reference) 5B065 BA04 CC08 EA24 EA35 ZA16 5B082 DE06 EA01 5D044 BC06 CC06 DE02 DE12 DE38 DE52 DE64 DE69 DE73 5D110 AA17 BB01 DA04 DC26 DD03 DE04 DF01

Claims (21)

[Claims] 1. A recording method for recording data on a disk-shaped recording medium based on a hierarchical file system, wherein management information for managing a hierarchical structure of the file system is recorded in a specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium. , Copy the entire specified area as is to another area,
Further, the recording method is characterized in that the whole of the specific area copied in the different area is handled as one backup file. 2. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein when data is written in the specific area, the same data as the data written in the specific area is also written in the actual backup file. A recording method characterized in that: 3. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein when the management information is damaged, corresponding data in the backup file is used as it is as restoration data of the damaged management information. Recording method. 4. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein when the management information is damaged, corresponding data in the backup file is copied to the specific area. 5. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein information indicating the location and size of the file entity is recorded in another specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium.
A recording method, characterized in that a copy of information indicating the location and size of the entity of the file is recorded immediately after the entity of the file. 6. The recording method according to claim 5, wherein a copy of the information indicating the location and size of the entity of the file is treated as one backup file together with the backup file. How to record. 7. The recording method according to claim 1, wherein a hidden file attribute, a system file attribute, and a read-only file attribute are set for the backup file. 8. A recording apparatus for recording data on a disk-shaped recording medium based on a hierarchical file system, wherein management information for managing the hierarchical structure of the file system is recorded in a specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium. , Copy the entire specified area as is to another area,
A recording apparatus characterized in that it is handled as a backup file of the management information. 9. The recording apparatus according to claim 8, wherein when data is written in the specific area, the same data as the data written in the specific area is also written in the actual backup file. A recording apparatus characterized in that: 10. The recording device according to claim 8, wherein when the management information is damaged, the corresponding data in the backup file can be used as it is as restoration data of the damaged management information. A recording device, comprising: 11. The recording apparatus according to claim 8, wherein when the management information is damaged, corresponding data in the backup file is copied to the specific area. 12. The recording apparatus according to claim 8, wherein information indicating the location and size of the file entity is recorded in another specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium.
A recording apparatus characterized in that a copy of information indicating the location and size of the entity of the file is recorded immediately after the entity of the file. 13. The recording apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a copy of information indicating the location and size of the entity of the file can be handled together with the backup file as one backup file. Recording device. 14. The recording apparatus according to claim 8, wherein a hidden file attribute, a system file attribute, and a read-only file attribute are set for the backup file. 15. In a recording medium in which data is recorded on a disk-shaped recording medium based on a hierarchical file system, management information for managing the hierarchical structure of the file system is recorded in a specific area of the disk-shaped recording medium. At the same time, the entire specified area is copied to another area as it is,
Further, a recording medium characterized in that the entire specified area copied in the different area can be handled as one backup file. 16. The recording medium according to claim 15, wherein when data is written in the specific area, the same data as the data written in the specific area is written also in the entity of the backup file. A recording medium characterized by having been recorded. 17. The recording medium according to claim 15, wherein when the management information is damaged, the corresponding data in the backup file is used as it is as restoration data of the damaged management information. Recording medium characterized by the above-mentioned. 18. The recording medium according to claim 15, wherein when the management information is damaged, corresponding data in the backup file is copied to the specific area. 19. The recording medium according to claim 15, wherein information indicating a location and a size of a file entity is recorded in another specific area of the disc-shaped recording medium.
A recording medium characterized by recording a copy of information indicating the location and size of the file entity immediately after the file entity. 20. The recording medium according to claim 19, wherein a copy of the information indicating the location and size of the entity of the file can be handled together with the backup file as one backup file. Recording medium. 21. The recording medium according to claim 15, wherein a hidden file attribute, a system file attribute, and a read-only file attribute are set for the backup file.