JP2001181874A - Degreasing and cleaning method and cleaner - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain the degreasing and cleaning method and cleaner by which a material deposited with a water-soluble oil, a nonaqueous oil, etc., to be cleaned is surely cleaned, and the plating film and coating film excellent in appearance, corrosion resistance and adhesion are provided as the degreasing and cleaning method and cleaner for cleaning the material with a hydrocarbonic solvent contained in a single hydrocarbonic cleaning tank of one-tank structure. SOLUTION: A material to be cleaned is dipped in the hydrocarbonic solvent contained in a hydrocarbonic cleaning tank of one-tank structure in the first stage, and the material dipped in the solvent is dipped in an acidic solution in the second stage so as to clean the material.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to plating and coating performed on a surface of an object to be treated such as an aluminum alloy to which a water-soluble oil or a non-aqueous oil has been adhered so as to impart a required function. The present invention relates to a degreasing cleaning method and a cleaning device therefor.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In general, since there is a deposit such as a water-soluble oil and a non-aqueous oil on the surface of an object to be plated or painted, degreasing and cleaning are performed as a pretreatment before plating and painting. Processing needs to be performed. In this type of cleaning treatment, degreasing cleaning using a chlorine-based organic solvent such as trichloroethylene as a cleaning solvent has been widely performed. However, this cleaning solvent contains harmful substances that may have an adverse effect on the environment, so that the cleaning liquid does not penetrate into the ground and contaminate soil or groundwater, or diffuse into the air to remove air. It is necessary to carry out the cleaning treatment with careful management so as not to contaminate it, and it has been desired to abolish the use from the viewpoint of environmental problems.

[0003] For this reason, in recent years, this type of cleaning process has
As degreasing solvent in place of chlorinated organic solvents trichlorethylene, for example, hydrocarbon solvents such as paraffinic hydrocarbons (e.g. formula C _12.2 H _24.4) is used. In the degreasing cleaning treatment using this solvent, first, water-soluble components such as preservatives and surfactants present in the water-soluble oil are removed with a water-soluble cleaning agent, and then water is removed with a hydrocarbon-based solvent. A method for removing oil contained in water-soluble oil and non-aqueous oil has been adopted.

FIG. 5 is a view showing a schematic process in a surface treatment from a cleaning treatment to a plating treatment for a conventional aluminum alloy using a hydrocarbon-based solvent. In FIG. 5, in a cleaning device 1 b for removing oil, a preservative, a surfactant, and the like of a water-soluble component present on the surface of the processing object are removed in a first cleaning tank 2 filled with a water-soluble cleaning agent. Moisture remaining on the surface of the object is removed in the second cleaning tank 3 filled with the hydrocarbon solvent, and oil is removed in the third cleaning tank 4 filled with the hydrocarbon solvent. Next, the object to be treated from which the oil has been removed is subjected to removal of animal and vegetable oils in an alkaline degreasing tank 5 by a conventional method, washed with water, activated in a pickling tank 6, and further washed with water to form a plating tank. 7 is plated.

[0005]

As described above, the conventional cleaning apparatus 1b comprises a first cleaning tank 2 filled with a water-soluble cleaning agent, a second cleaning tank 3 filled with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, and a third cleaning tank 3 filled with a hydrocarbon solvent. And a third cleaning tank 4 comprising a degreasing cleaning tank, and a second cleaning tank 3 and a third cleaning tank 4 requiring a hydrocarbon-based solvent. Due to the restrictions on the storage capacity by the law, the capacity per tank is reduced, so that the object to be processed must be limited in size.

On the other hand, when the tank filled with the hydrocarbon-based solvent is made into one tank in order to avoid the restriction on the size of the object to be treated, for example, after the aluminum alloy is washed with the hydrocarbon-based solvent, the aluminum degreasing tank 5 is used. When performing alkali degreasing by a conventional method, washing with water and pickling in the pickling tank 6, and performing plating in the plating tank 7 after washing with water, the preservative or surfactant which is a component of the water-soluble oil is removed from the alkali degreasing tank. 5 and the pickling tank 6 could not be removed, resulting in defects such as impaired appearance and plating with poor corrosion resistance and adhesion.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve such a problem. The object to be treated to which a water-soluble oil or a non-aqueous oil has adhered is surely degreased, and its appearance, corrosion resistance, and adhesion are improved. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a degreasing cleaning method and a cleaning apparatus which provide a plating film and a coating film having excellent properties.

Further, the present invention increases the size of a cleaning tank for removing oil with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, secures sufficient safety, relaxes the dimensional restrictions on the object to be treated, and performs degreasing. It is intended to perform drying after degreasing and washing in a short time.

[0009]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a degreasing cleaning method according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil or a non-aqueous oil is adhered is immersed in a hydrocarbon solvent to degrease the material, and then the aqueous solution is acidified. It removes the components of the essential oil.

[0010] The degreasing and cleaning method according to the second invention comprises:
After the object to be cleaned to which the water-soluble oil and the non-aqueous oil are adhered is immersed in a hydrocarbon-based solvent to degrease it, and then immersed in an acidic solution without obtaining an alkaline degrease for removing animal and vegetable oils. And then, after appropriate time, alkali degreasing to remove animal and vegetable oils and pickling to chemically activate the object to be cleaned.

Further, the degreasing and cleaning method according to the third invention is characterized in that:
The acidic solution comprises a washing solution containing 0.267 mol to 2.670 mol of sulfuric acid and 0.56 mol or less of aluminum.

Further, the degreasing and cleaning method according to the fourth invention comprises:
The acidic solution is prepared by mixing 0.206 mol to 0.412 mol of nitric acid, 0.05 mol to 0.10 mol of hydrofluoric acid and 0.1 mol.
It consists of a cleaning solution containing 5 to 0.30 mol of ferric chloride.

Further, the degreasing and cleaning method according to the fifth invention is characterized in that:
5.03 to 6.70 mol of nitric acid and 3.35 to 4.
The cleaning solution comprises 46 mol of sulfuric acid, 0.18 to 0.37 mol of phosphoric acid, and 1.58 to 2.10 mol of ammonium acid fluoride.

Further, the degreasing and cleaning method according to the sixth invention is characterized in that:
A first step of immersing the object to be cleaned in a hydrocarbon-based solvent; a second step of immersing the object to be cleaned immersed in the hydrocarbon-based solvent in an acidic solution; A third step of alkali-degreasing the object, and a fourth step of pickling for chemically activating the alkali-degreased object to be cleaned.
And the steps of

Further, the degreasing and cleaning method according to the seventh invention is characterized in that:
In the fourth step, the object to be cleaned, which has been alkali-degreased in the third step, is subjected to pickling for plating or painting in a subsequent step.

Further, the degreasing method according to the eighth invention is characterized in that:
A preparatory step of storing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like is attached in a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of forming airtight, and forming an airtight inside; A first shower cleaning step of supplying the solvent as shower water and shower-cleaning the object to be cleaned, and storing the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank;
A second shower for continuously supplying the shower water to stir the accumulated hydrocarbon solvent and recovering the water-soluble oil and the non-aqueous oil taken out from the object to be cleaned together with the hydrocarbon solvent; And a washing step.

Further, the degreasing and cleaning method according to the ninth invention is characterized in that:
A preparatory step of storing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like is attached in a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of forming airtight, and forming an airtight inside; A first shower cleaning step of supplying the solvent as shower water and shower-cleaning the object to be cleaned, and storing the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank;
A jet water circulating step of supplying the hydrocarbon solvent in a large amount and at a high speed to the hydrocarbon washing tank after the first shower washing step, generating and collecting jet water, and circulating the hydrocarbon solvent. Is

[0018] The degreasing method according to the tenth aspect of the present invention includes a preparatory step of accommodating an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered in an airtightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and forming an airtight inside. A first shower cleaning step of supplying a hydrocarbon-based solvent as shower water from a plurality of nozzles provided in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to shower-clean the object to be cleaned, and the hydrocarbon after completion of the first shower cleaning step A first recovery step of recovering a system solvent, a rinsing step of supplying a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent to the object to be cleaned after the first recovery step, and rinsing the hydrocarbon after the completion of the rinsing step A second recovery step of recovering the system solvent, and a first step of supplying heated nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after completion of the second recovery step to replace the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank with nitrogen gas. Nitrogen gas replacement Extent and is obtained by a vacuum drying process for reducing the pressure of said first nitrogen-gas replacement step after completion of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank.

[0019] The degreasing method according to the eleventh aspect of the present invention includes a preparatory step of accommodating an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered in an airtightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and forming an airtight inside. First shower cleaning in which the hydrocarbon-based solvent is supplied as shower water from a plurality of nozzles provided in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to shower-clean the object to be cleaned, and the hydrocarbon-based solvent is stored in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank. And a jet water circulating step of supplying the hydrocarbon solvent in a large amount and at a high speed to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after the first shower cleaning step, generating and collecting jet water, and circulating the hydrocarbon solvent. And a first recovery step of recovering the hydrocarbon-based solvent after completion of the jet water circulation step, and supplying a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent to the object to be cleaned after completion of the first recovery step, and rinsing the same. A rinsing step, a second recovery step of recovering the hydrocarbon solvent after rinsing after the rinsing step, and supplying heated nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after the second recovery step. The method includes a first nitrogen gas replacement step of replacing the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank with nitrogen gas, and a reduced pressure drying step of reducing the pressure of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after the first nitrogen gas replacement step.

Further, the degrease cleaning method according to the twelfth invention comprises a first mixed replacement step of supplying air into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replacing the nitrogen gas with air after the completion of the nitrogen gas replacement step. It is a thing.

In a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in the degreasing cleaning method according to the thirteenth aspect, after the reduced pressure drying step is completed, heated nitrogen gas is supplied to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to replace the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank with nitrogen gas. A nitrogen gas replacement step, and a second mixed replacement step of supplying air into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replacing the nitrogen gas with air.

A cleaning apparatus according to a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is a cleaning apparatus for degrease-cleaning an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered, using a hydrocarbon-based solvent. It is provided with a hydrocarbon washing tank consisting of one tank and an acid washing tank for injecting an acidic solution for removing components of the water-soluble oil.

A cleaning apparatus according to a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is a cleaning apparatus for degrease-cleaning an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil and a non-aqueous oil are attached with a hydrocarbon solvent. A hydrocarbon cleaning tank composed of one tank, and a transfer for transferring an object to be cleaned in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to a transport path from the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to an acid cleaning tank for injecting an acidic solution. Means.

A cleaning apparatus according to a sixteenth aspect of the present invention has a tank having an opening on an upper surface and an openable / closable lid for closing or opening the opening of the tank. An airtightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank that accommodates an object to be cleaned to which water-based oil or the like has adhered and performs cleaning with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, which is disposed separately from the lower surface of the lid and ejects the hydrocarbon-based solvent. A plurality of nozzles and a hydrocarbon cleaning tank provided near a height at which the hydrocarbon solvents ejected from the respective nozzles have an overlap, and a drain port for discharging the hydrocarbon solvents from the tank; It is provided with.

A cleaning apparatus according to a seventeenth aspect of the present invention has a first opening and first opening / closing means for opening and closing the opening, and a cleaning target to which water-soluble oil, non-aqueous oil, or the like adheres. A hydrocarbon-cleaning tank capable of forming a gas-tight chamber for containing a substance and cleaning with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, a drainage recovery means for recovering the hydrocarbon-based solvent after cleaning from the hydrocarbon-cleaning tank, and A first exhaust unit that exhausts the gas or moisture of the gas to the outside, wherein the hydrocarbon cleaning tank has a second opening,
A second opening / closing means for opening / closing the opening, and a second exhaust means for exhausting the internal air to the outside; It is.

A cleaning apparatus according to an eighteenth aspect of the present invention includes a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of containing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil, or the like has adhered, and performing an airtight hydrocarbon cleaning tank for cleaning and drying with a hydrocarbon solvent. A reservoir tank containing the hydrocarbon solvent, a rinse liquid tank containing a clean hydrocarbon solvent obtained by distilling and regenerating the hydrocarbon solvent, and incorporating the hydrocarbon solvent in the reserve tank; A cleaning pump to be supplied to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and a rinse liquid pump that takes in the clean hydrocarbon solvent in the rinsing liquid tank and supplies the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to the rinsing liquid tank, according to a cottage that can be airtightly formed. It is housed.

A cleaning apparatus according to a nineteenth aspect of the present invention includes a hydrocarbon-cleaning tank capable of holding an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil and a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered and capable of cleaning and drying with a hydrocarbon-based solvent and drying. A drain recovery means for recovering the hydrocarbon solvent after cleaning from the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, a vacuum pump for discharging gas or moisture in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to the outside, and a nitrogen gas generation for generating nitrogen gas An apparatus, a replacement drying system for supplying the nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replacing it with nitrogen gas, and after the completion of the nitrogen gas replacement, supplying air into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replacing the nitrogen gas with air. And a mixed substitution system.

A cleaning apparatus according to a twentieth aspect of the present invention comprises an airtight hydrocarbon cleaning tank for containing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil, or the like is attached, and performing cleaning and drying with a hydrocarbon solvent. A reservoir tank containing the hydrocarbon solvent, a rinse liquid tank containing a clean hydrocarbon solvent obtained by distilling and regenerating the hydrocarbon solvent, and incorporating the hydrocarbon solvent in the reserve tank; A cleaning pump for supplying to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, a rinsing liquid pump for supplying the clean hydrocarbon-based solvent in the rinsing liquid tank, and supplying the rinsing liquid to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, A vacuum pump for discharging gas or moisture to the outside, a nitrogen gas generator for generating nitrogen gas, and a replacement drying system for supplying the nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replacing it with nitrogen gas It is those with a.

A cleaning apparatus according to a twenty-first aspect of the present invention is provided with a dryer for separating and drying water and gas from the replacement drying system, and a heater for heating gas.

The cleaning apparatus according to a twenty-second aspect of the present invention is a shower wherein the hydrocarbon-based solvent is sent from the cleaning pump to a plurality of nozzles provided in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and shower water is supplied from the nozzles. A water supply mechanism, a jet water supply mechanism for supplying the hydrocarbon solvent from the cleaning pump to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank in a large amount and at a high speed, and a command to switch between the shower water supply mechanism and the jet water supply mechanism. And a switching command device.

Further, in the cleaning apparatus according to the twenty-third aspect, the hydrocarbon cleaning tank has an opening at the top and a slope descending from the side toward the inside, and the bottom has a deep bottom at the center. A washing tank having a washing section having a lid and a cover covering the opening of the washing section, and capable of forming an airtight state.The washing tank extends on both sides, and the central part forms a deep abundance and is accommodated in the hydrocarbon washing tank. It is provided with a combination with a basket.

Furthermore, the cleaning apparatus according to the twenty-fourth aspect of the present invention is a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of holding an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil or a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered and performing an airtight formation and cleaning and drying with a hydrocarbon solvent. And, a reservoir tank containing the hydrocarbon solvent, a washing pump that takes in the hydrocarbon solvent in the reserve tank and supplies it to the hydrocarbon washing tank, and a hydrocarbon solvent in the reserve tank. A liquid level protector for issuing a command to stop the operation of the cleaning pump when the liquid level falls below a predetermined liquid level.

[0033]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiment 1 FIG. 1 shows each processing tank according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and surface treatment steps thereof.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1a denotes a hydrocarbon-based solvent injected, and its approximate dimensions are, for example, 3500 mm in length × 800 in width.
A size that satisfies the maximum capacity regulated by the Fire Service Law, such as mm x 700 mm (capacity less than 2000 liters)
1 shows a hydrocarbon cleaning tank having a single tank structure, in which a cleaning step of degreased an object to be processed such as an aluminum alloy with a hydrocarbon-based solvent is performed. Remove the oil.

Next, a pickling solution containing 0.267 mol to 2.670 mol of sulfuric acid and 0.56 mol or less of aluminum, or 0.206 mol to 0.412 mol of nitric acid and 0.05 mol Mol to 0.10 mol of hydrofluoric acid and 0.15 mol
A pickling solution containing mol to 0.30 mol of ferric chloride, or 5.03 to 6.70 mol of nitric acid, 3.35 to 4.46 mol of sulfuric acid and 0.18 to 0.37 The object to be treated is washed in a pickling tank 6 containing a pickling solution containing mol phosphoric acid and 1.58 to 2.10 mol of ammonium ammonium fluoride as components. Removes water-soluble components such as agents and surfactants. Regarding the concentration of the pickling solution, when a mole number outside the range specified here is used, the effect of removing the water-soluble component is reduced, and when performing plating treatment in the subsequent step, corrosion resistance and adhesion Poor plating can result.

By performing the washing treatment as described above, an excellent effect of removing water-soluble components such as a preservative and a surfactant in the water-soluble oil is exhibited, and the water-soluble detergent conventionally used in three tanks is used. (Included in the first cleaning tank 2) and a hydrocarbon solvent (second,
The degreasing cleaning process using the third cleaning tanks 3 and 4) can be performed in one cleaning tank (hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1a) and a pickling tank 6 containing a hydrocarbon solvent. The process is further shortened. Further, the cleaning device is a single hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1.
a and the pickling tank 6, it is possible to increase the size of the cleaning apparatus. Therefore, for example, cleaning of a large object to be fully covered in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1a, It is possible to wash a large amount of small objects to be processed, which leads to a reduction in the cost of the washing operation. In this cleaning apparatus, an object other than an aluminum alloy may be cleaned as an object to be cleaned. Further, as long as the maximum capacity of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1a satisfies the maximum capacity specified by the Fire Service Act, the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1a may have a size other than the dimensions of the tank described above. The size of the tank may be determined according to the size and shape, or the size of the basket for storing the object to be cleaned in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1a. Further, the hydrocarbon washing tank 1a and the pickling tank 6 are separately arranged in different spaces which do not significantly impede the work efficiency of transferring the object to be washed from the hydrocarbon washing tank 1a to the pickling tank 6. May be. In this case, as a means for transferring from the hydrocarbon washing tank 1a to the pickling tank 6, the object to be washed in the hydrocarbon washing tank 1a is lifted and pulled out, and is conveyed to the vicinity of the pickling tank 6 or to the conveying route thereof. It is desirable to provide a transfer device such as a crane in order to increase transfer efficiency.

Embodiment 2 In this embodiment, FIG.
After the oil content is removed in the hydrocarbon washing tank 1a shown in (1) and the water-soluble components such as preservatives and surfactants in the water-soluble oil are removed in the pickling liquid tank 6, and the water is washed, the acid is removed in this embodiment. Plating is performed in a plating tank arranged near the washing tank 6.

In this plating treatment, animal and vegetable oils are first removed in a conventional alkaline degreasing solution tank 5 and washed with water, and then pickling is performed again using the pickling solution tank 6 described in the first embodiment. The treated material is activated, and after the washing, plating treatment is performed in the plating solution tank 7.

In FIG. 2, 25 mm × 100 mm × 1
water-soluble oil is applied to aluminum alloy pieces such as 6061 material and 5052 material having a thickness of 5 mm, and after leaving for a predetermined time, the aluminum alloy pieces coated with the water-soluble oil are washed in a hydrocarbon washing tank 1a. The results of comparison of plating performance between the conventional method (conventional method A) and the method according to this embodiment (this method B) when plating is performed are shown. Here, the quality of plating varies depending on the degree of removal of water-soluble components such as a preservative and a surfactant in the water-soluble oil. In the figure, in the conventional method A, five aluminum alloy pieces are respectively attached to 6h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 9
After leaving for 6 hours, the aluminum alloy pieces left for each time are washed in a hydrocarbon washing tank 1a, alkali degreasing is performed in an alkali degreasing tank 5, and then activated in an acid washing tank 6. After pickling, aluminum plating or electroless nickel plating was performed in the plating tank 7. Further, in the method B, after leaving the five aluminum alloy pieces for 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h, respectively, the aluminum alloy pieces left for each time are washed in the hydrocarbon washing tank 1 a, respectively. A pickling solution containing sulfuric acid of 0.267 mol to 2.670 mol and aluminum of 0.56 mol or less, or 0.206 mol to 0.412 mol of nitric acid and 0.05 mol to 0.10 mol of Pickling solution containing hydrofluoric acid and 0.15 mol to 0.30 mol of ferric chloride, or 1.33 mol to 13.
3 mol of nitric acid or 5.03 to 6.70 mol of nitric acid, 3.35 to 4.46 mol of sulfuric acid and 0.18 to 0.1 mol.
Washing is carried out in a pickling bath 6 containing a pickling solution containing 37 mol of phosphoric acid and 1.58 to 2.10 mol of ammonium fluoride. Thereafter, the aluminum alloy pieces are subjected to alkali degreasing in an alkali degreasing tank 5 and again put into a pickling tank 6 to be pickled for activation, and then subjected to an aluminum chemical film treatment or electroless plating in a plating tank 7. Nickel plating was performed. According to this, as in the present method B, after cleaning with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, and before cleaning with an alkali, cleaning with an acid pickling solution of the above-described component is performed, so that the appearance of the film after the chemical coating treatment on the aluminum alloy is improved. It can be seen that the excellent effect of improving the corrosion resistance and improving the adhesiveness of the film even with electroless nickel can be obtained. Further, from the results, it can be understood that the water-soluble components such as the preservative and the surfactant in the water-soluble oil are sufficiently removed by employing the method B.

As described above, by performing the plating treatment after the cleaning treatment in the hydrocarbon washing tank 1a and the pickling tank 6 according to the second embodiment, the plating after the conventional degreasing treatment with a hydrocarbon solvent is performed. Compared with the treatment, it is possible to obtain a plating film or a coating film which is excellent in appearance, corrosion resistance and adhesion. Further, by using the pickling tank 6 for pickling as a pre-treatment of the plating for both the degreasing and the plating and the plating, the cleaning device and the equipment for the plating are simplified.

In this plating treatment, it goes without saying that pickling for activation may be performed using another pickling tank containing a predetermined pickling solution other than the pickling tank 6. . In the plating process, a coating process may be performed instead of plating.

Embodiment 3 Next, a specific embodiment of the cleaning apparatus using the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1a shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. In the figure, reference numeral 10 denotes a hydrocarbon cleaning tank, which corresponds to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1a in FIG. The hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 includes a cleaning unit 10a having an open top,
The opening and closing cover 10b covers the opening of the cleaning unit 10a. The cleaning unit 10a includes a side unit 10c,
It has a first bottom portion 10d having a gradient that is inclined downward from the lower portion of the side portion 10c at an angle of 2 to 10 degrees, and a second bottom portion 10e having a deep bottom at the center of the first bottom portion 10d. The whole has an inverted convex structure, and as described above, the approximate dimensions are, for example, length 3500 mm × width 800 mm ×
It has a size (capacity less than 2000 liters) that satisfies the maximum capacity regulated by the Fire Service Law, such as a depth of 700 mm.

Reference numeral 12 denotes a basket having a size to be accommodated in the washing section 10a, and an object to be washed to which water-soluble oil and non-aqueous oil (not shown) are attached is accommodated in the basket 12. The basket 12 accommodates a large object to be washed, straddles the second bottom portion 10e, and is placed only on the first bottom portion 10d for washing. Alternatively, the basket 12 accommodates a small object to be washed. The bottom portion 10e is used for cleaning, and the center of the lower portion is depressed to accommodate a small object to be cleaned in the depression, and the upper portion extends to both ends to accommodate a large object to be cleaned in the upper portion. It may be something.

Reference numeral 14 denotes a reserve tank which contains a hydrocarbon-based solvent 15 and has a small vent hole through which the hydrocarbon-based solvent 15 can be vented to the outside, as described later, to reduce the atmospheric pressure. is recieving. It is desirable from the viewpoint of safety that the ventilation hole communicates with the outside and is shielded from the outside when the cleaning device is stopped. A part of the reserve tank 14 is provided with a rinsing liquid tank 14a that stores a hydrocarbon-based solvent 15a that is cleaner than other parts of the hydrocarbon-based solvent. Rinse liquid tank 14a is reserved tank 14
Has a step 14b having a height h at its tip, and a small-capacity liquid level detector 1 between the outer wall surface of the step 14b and the side wall surface of the reserve tank 14.
4c. Reference numeral 24 denotes a distiller and reserve tank 1
The lower hydrocarbon-based solvent 15 in 4 is taken in via the valve 40f, cooled after heating and distillation, regenerated as a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent 15a, and collected in the rinsing liquid tank 14a. When the clean hydrocarbon solvent 15a becomes larger than the capacity of the rinsing liquid tank 14a, it overflows and is stored in the reserve tank 14, and the hydrocarbon solvent 15 is gradually purified. The rinsing liquid tank 1
4 a is provided in the reserve tank 14, but may be divided from the reserve tank 14.

The second bottom 10 of the hydrocarbon washing tank 10
A drain pipe 42a is provided at e and is connected to the reserve tank 14 via the valve 40a. The hydrocarbon solvent of the cleaning liquid in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is returned to the reserve tank 14.

In the hydrocarbon washing tank 10, a plurality of nozzles 22a1 and 22a2 are provided inside the lid 10b, a plurality of nozzles 22b are provided on the side 10c, and a plurality of nozzles 22c are provided on the first bottom 10d. Provided, second bottom 1
A plurality of nozzles 22d are provided at 0e. Reference numeral 16 denotes a cleaning pump which takes in the hydrocarbon-based solvent 15 from the lower part of the reserve tank 14 below the liquid level detector 44 provided in the liquid level detector 14c, and supplies a valve 40b, a valve 40c, and a shower water supply. The hydrocarbon-based solvent is sent out to the nozzles 22a1, 22a2, 22b, 22c, and 22d through the pipe 42b, and the hydrocarbon-based solvent is converted into shower water from the nozzles 22a1, 22a2, 22b, 22c, and 22d as shower water. Sent to. In particular, the plurality of nozzles 22 provided on the lid 10b
shower water sent out from a1, 22a2 is 60-1
Shower water ejected at an angle of 50 degrees and sent out from an adjacent nozzle overlaps with the basket 12 so that the hydrocarbon-based solvent of the washing liquid always hits the object to be washed in the basket 12.

Numeral 40d is a valve provided in parallel with the valve 40c. The hydrocarbon solvent sent from the cleaning pump 16 receives the valve 40d and the second water of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 as the jet water from the jet water supply pipe 42c. It is supplied to the bottom 10e. The jet water has a larger flow rate than the shower water and is supplied at a high speed. Since the second bottom portion 10e has a smaller capacity than the upper portion of the cleaning section 10a, the supplied hydrocarbon-based solvent rotates against the side wall surface of the second bottom portion 10e and is supplied so as to rise to the upper portion.

Reference numeral 18 denotes a rinsing liquid pump. A clean hydrocarbon solvent 15a is taken in from the lower part of the rinsing liquid tank 14a and is sent out via a valve 40e. Then, the hydrocarbon-based solvent sent out via the valve 40e is supplied to the hydrocarbon washing tank 10 as clean shower water via the above-described valve 40c.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a flow rate switching command device for switching the flow rate of the hydrocarbon solvent sent from the cleaning pump 16 between shower water and jet water.

Reference numeral 42d denotes a drainage exhaust pipe, which is provided with a washing section 1 of the hydrocarbon washing tank 10 when shower water and jet water are supplied.
0a, for example, the hydrocarbon solvent is in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1
0, for example, about 1400 liters, and before and after the upper part of the basket 12 is submerged, at a height at which it overflows from the hydrocarbon washing tank 10, and the hydrocarbon-based solvent is reserved through the drainage exhaust pipe 42d and the valve 40g. 1
Collected in 4.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a vacuum pump,
The gas of the internal hydrocarbon solvent, air or nitrogen gas described later is exhausted to the outside via the drainage exhaust pipe 42d and the valve 40h. Reference numeral 26 denotes a dryer for separating and drying the gas containing water taken from the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 through the drainage exhaust pipe 42d and the valve 40h, and separating a part of the gas from the gas from the vacuum pump. Exhausted. Reference numeral 34 denotes a nitrogen gas generator, and the nitrogen gas sent from the nitrogen gas generator 34 is taken into the dryer 26 via the valves 40i and 40h. Numeral 30 denotes a fan for inhaling gas sent from the dryer 26 and sending it to the heater 32. The gas or air sent to the heater 32 is heated by the heater 32, and the valve 40j, the nitrogen gas supply pipe 4
It is supplied to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 via 2e.

Reference numeral 46 denotes a liquid level protector, in which the amount of the hydrocarbon solvent 15 sent from the reserve tank 14 to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is larger than the amount recovered in the reserve tank 14 from the drainage pipe 42d. Reserve tank 1
When the hydrocarbon solvent 15 in 4 is below the liquid level detector 44 provided in the liquid level detector 14c, a command is issued to stop the operation of the cleaning pump 16 and the distiller 24. Thereby, the washing pump 16 and the distiller 24 do not perform a no-load operation, and do not burn.

Reference numeral 36 denotes an ultrasonic vibrator provided on the second bottom portion 10e. After the hydrocarbon solvent is accumulated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10, the ultrasonic vibrator is ultrasonically vibrated by electric energy from an ultrasonic oscillator 38. It is provided to enhance the cleaning effect of the object to be cleaned. This ultrasonic vibrator 36
Is located at the bottom of the second bottom part 10e in FIG. 3,
It may be arranged on the side of the second bottom 10e. Also, 4
0k is a valve for taking in external air.

Operation commands and stop commands to the valves 40a to k, the cleaning pump 16, the rinsing liquid pump 18, the vacuum pump 28, the fan 30, the nitrogen gas generator 34, and the ultrasonic oscillator 38 are transmitted to a control unit (not shown). For example, it is performed by a programmable controller using a CPU.

Then, the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10, the reserve tank 14, the rinsing liquid tank 14a, the liquid level detecting section 14c,
Cleaning pump 16, Rinse liquid pump 18, Distiller 2
4. The cleaning device including the dryer 26, the vacuum pump 28, the fan 30, the heater 32, the nitrogen gas generator 34, the ultrasonic oscillator 36, the liquid level protector 46, and the valves 40a to 40k And the whole is surrounded by a cottage 48 that can be airtightly constructed. This cottage 48
A duct 50 is provided near the upper part of the cottage, and gas and air in the cottage are discharged from the duct 50 to the outside. The cottage 48 has an opening and is normally closed by a door 48b which can be opened and closed, and a predetermined period after the drying period E shown in FIG. 4 ends and the lid 10b of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is opened. After a lapse of time, the door 48b is opened (moved in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 3), and the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is opened through the opening.
Is taken out of the basket 12. With this, even if the vaporized gas of the hydrocarbon-based solvent leaks into the cottage due to abnormality in the exhaust process during the drying period E or residual gas in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, the gas and air in the cottage are discharged to the outside. Therefore, there is no possibility that the hydrocarbon-based solvent leaks out of the cottage, for example, into a building where the cleaning device is installed, and stays near the floor. This cottage 48
In this case, the inside of the cottage may be made negative pressure by exhausting air from the duct 50, and the gas leaking into the cottage may be airtight enough to be exhausted.

The operation of the above cleaning apparatus will be described with reference to a time chart shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, a period C indicates a preparation period before cleaning, a period D indicates a cleaning period, and a period E indicates a drying period. 4 (a) to 4 (k) show the operation of the valves 40a to 40k, respectively, and show the state where the valve is closed during the period of the 0 line, and show the state where the valve is open during the period above the 0 line. I have. In addition, FIG.
(P) shows a cleaning pump 16, a rinsing liquid pump 18, a vacuum pump 28, a fan 30, and a nitrogen gas generator 3 respectively.
In the operation of each device of No. 4, the period of line 0 indicates that the device is stopped, and the period above line 0 indicates that the device is operating.

Now, before the time t0 of the preparation period C, all the valves 40a to 40k are closed, the lid 10b of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is opened, and the door 48b of the cottage 48 is opened.
Is opened and the basket 12 accommodating the object to be washed is accommodated in the washing section 10a, the lid 10b and the door 48b are closed, and the hydrocarbon washing tank 10 is in an airtight state.

Now, at time t0 during the preparation period, the valve 4
0a, 40f, 40h, 40i, and 40j are respectively shown in FIG.
Opened as shown in (a), (f), (h), (i), (j), valves 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 4
0g and 40k correspond to FIGS. 4 (b), (c), (d),
The blockage is continued as shown in (e), (g), and (k). If the hydrocarbon solvent remains in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10, it is collected in the reserve tank via the valve 40a.

Further, at time t0, the vacuum pump 28, the fan 30, and the nitrogen gas generator 34 are connected to each other as shown in FIG.
When operated as shown in (o) and (p), gas and air of the hydrocarbon solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 are taken out from the drainage exhaust pipe 42d and the valve 40h,
The nitrogen gas sent from the nitrogen gas generator 34 is taken into the dryer 26 via the valve 40h. Dryer 2
A part of the dried gas and air sent out from 6 is discharged to the outside via a vacuum pump 28. Another part of the dried gas and air sent from the dryer 26 is sent to the heater 32 via the fan 30 to be heated. The gas and air heated by the heater 32 are supplied into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 through a valve 40j and a nitrogen gas supply pipe 42e, and the nitrogen gas and air circulate, and the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 changes from air to nitrogen. It is replaced by gas.

Then, at time t1 when the nitrogen gas in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 reaches a predetermined amount, the vacuum pump 28, the fan 30, and the nitrogen gas generator 34 are respectively turned on as shown in FIG.
(O), stop as shown in (p), valve 40a,
40h, 40i, and 40j are respectively shown in FIG.
It is closed as shown in (h), (i), and (j), and enters a standby state for the cleaning period D.

At the end of preparation period C from time t0, at time t
When the pressure becomes 2, the valves 40b, 40c, and 40g are opened as shown in FIGS. 4B, 4C, and 4G, respectively, and the cleaning pump 16 starts operating as shown in FIG. . When the cleaning pump 16 starts operating, the hydrocarbon solvent 15 in the reserve tank 14 is taken into the cleaning pump 16 and sent out from the cleaning pump 16. The hydrocarbon solvent that has been sent out passes through the nozzles 22a1, 22a via the valve 40b, the valve 40c, and the shower water supply pipe 42b.
The object to be cleaned which is sent out from the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 from the tanks 2, 22 b, 22 c, and 22 d and stored in the basket 12 is subjected to the first shower cleaning, and the hydrocarbon solvent is accumulated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10. .

Even if the object to be cleaned is submerged in a hydrocarbon solvent,
In addition to the nozzles 22a1, 22a2, the nozzles 22b, 22
Since the hydrocarbon-based solvent is supplied as shower water from c and 22d, the hydrocarbon-based solvent stored in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is stirred, and the object to be cleaned is cleaned. Then, the water-soluble oil or the non-aqueous oil attached to the object to be cleaned is taken out into the hydrocarbon-based solvent, and the drainage exhaust pipe 42d and the valve 40
g and is collected in the reserve tank 14. The first shower cleaning and the second shower cleaning in which a hydrocarbon-based solvent is stirred with shower water and recovered after the cleaning are suitable for cleaning small objects to be cleaned. In order to remove the hydrocarbon solvent stored in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10, the valve 40a
May be opened, the hydrocarbon solvent may be sent from the nozzles 22a1 and 22a2 as shower water to perform shower cleaning.

At time t3 when a predetermined amount of the hydrocarbon solvent has accumulated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 in the first shower cleaning step from time t2, the valve 40c is closed as shown in FIG. 40h is opened as shown in FIG. At the same time, the vacuum pump 28 is operated as shown in FIG. 4 (n) to remove bubbles generated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 and in the hydrocarbon solvent during the shower cleaning.

When the ultrasonic vibrator 36 is operated after removing the bubbles, the cleaning effect is enhanced by the cleaning of the hydrocarbon solvent and the cavitation of the ultrasonic wave.

After the cleaning by the ultrasonic irradiation, at time t4, the valve 40d is opened as shown in FIG.
When a large amount and high speed of the hydrocarbon-based solvent sent out from the pump 6 are used, the hydrocarbon-based solvent is supplied to the cleaning pump 16 and the valve 40.
b, the valve 40d and the jet water supply pipe 42c are fed into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10. The hydrocarbon-based solvent fed into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 contains a small volume of the second bottom 10.
e, and rises from the first bottom portion 10d to become jet water to wash a large object to be washed accommodated in the basket 12. The washed hydrocarbon-based solvent overflows from the drainage exhaust pipe 42d and is collected in the reserve tank 14 via the valve 40g. Then, the hydrocarbon solvent circulates through the paths of the cleaning pump 16, the valve 40b, the valve 40d, the jet water supply pipe 42c, the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10, the drainage exhaust pipe 42d, the valve 40g, and the reserve tank 14, thereby forming a large-sized tank. The washing is circulated and washed with a hydrocarbon solvent. When washing with the jet water, the reserve tank 1
4 is sent to the hydrocarbon washing tank 10 together with the jet water, the valves 40h, 40i, and 40j are set in FIG.
(H), (i) and (j) are opened, and the vacuum pump 28, the fan 30, and the nitrogen gas generator 34 are connected as shown in FIG.
By operating as shown in (n), (o) and (p), the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is replaced with exhaust gas and nitrogen gas.
Desirable for safety.

At time t5 when the jet cleaning by the jet water circulation process from time t4 is completed, the valves 40h, 40i,
40j is closed as shown in FIGS. 4 (h), (i) and (j), and the cleaning pump 16, the vacuum pump 28, the fan 30, and the nitrogen gas generator 34 are closed as shown in FIGS. 4 (l) and 4 (n). ,
As shown in FIGS. 4 (o) and 4 (p), the operation is stopped, and the valve 40a closed at the time of jet cleaning is moved to FIG.
4A, the valve 40b and the valve 40d are closed as shown in FIGS. 4B and 4D. As a result, the hydrocarbon solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is supplied to the reserve tank 1 through the opened valve 40a.
Collected in 4.

At the time t6 after the first recovery step from the time t5, the valves 40c and 40e are switched to the state shown in FIG.
It is opened as shown in (e), and the rinsing liquid pump 18 starts operating as shown in FIG. 4 (m). When the rinsing liquid pump 18 starts operating, a clean hydrocarbon solvent 15a for rinsing is taken in from the lower part of the rinsing liquid tank 14a and sent out. The clean hydrocarbon-based solvent delivered by the rinsing liquid pump 18 is supplied to the valve 40e and the valve 4e.
0c, the nozzle 22a through the shower water supply pipe 42b
The objects to be cleaned which are sent out of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 from the baskets 12, 22 a 2, 22 b, 22 c and 22 d and stored in the basket 12 are shower-rinsed. The hydrocarbon solvent after rinsing is collected in the reserve tank 14 via the valve 40a.

After the rinsing step from time t6 is completed, time t
7, the valve 40c and the valve 40e are respectively shown in FIG.
As shown in FIGS. 4C and 4E, the rinsing liquid pump 18 stops operating as shown in FIG. As a result, the hydrocarbon solvent after rinsing remaining in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is discharged from the second bottom portion 10e to the drain pipe 42.
a, the cleaning period D collected from the reserve tank 14 via the valve 40a and started at time t2 ends.

At time t8 after the completion of the second recovery step from time t7, the valves 40a and 40g are closed as shown in FIGS.
0h, valve 40i, and valve 40j are respectively shown in FIG.
It is opened as shown in (h), (i) and (j). At the same time, vacuum pump 28, fan 30, nitrogen gas generator 34
Are operated as shown in FIGS. 4 (n), (o) and (p), respectively, the gas of the hydrocarbon solvent in the hydrocarbon washing tank 10 is taken out from the drainage exhaust pipe 42d and the valve 40h and is dried. And the nitrogen gas generator 3
4, the nitrogen gas sent out from the valves 40i, 40h
From the dryer 26.

A part of the dried gas sent from the dryer 26 is discharged to the outside by the vacuum pump 28. Another part of the dried gas sent from the dryer 26 is sent to the heater 32 via the fan 30 and is heated.
The gas heated by the heater 32 is supplied into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 via the valve 40j and the nitrogen gas supply pipe 42e, and the nitrogen gas is circulated so that the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is separated from the hydrocarbon solvent gas. It is replaced by nitrogen gas. Since the moisture of the nitrogen gas is separated by the dryer 26, the moisture in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 also decreases, and the object to be cleaned is also dried.

At time t9, the valve 40k is set to the position shown in FIG.
As shown in (k), the air is opened together with the nitrogen gas and the external air is supplied to the dryer 28, the fan 30, the heater 32, and the valve 4.
0j, hydrocarbon cleaning tank 1 via nitrogen gas supply pipe 42e
It is sent within 0. The object to be cleaned is heated and dried by the mixed gas of the nitrogen gas and the air heated by the heater 32.

At time t10, the valves 40i, 40j
Are closed as shown in FIGS. 4 (i) and 4 (j), respectively, and the operation of the nitrogen gas generator 34 is stopped as shown in FIG. 4 (p). Heated air is sent into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10, and the object to be cleaned is heated and dried.

At the time t11 after the completion of the first replacement drying step from the time t8, the valve 40k is closed as shown in FIG. 4 (k), and the fan 30 is stopped as shown in FIG. 4 (o). Thereby, all the air in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is discharged to the outside via the drainage exhaust pipe 42d, the valve 40h, the dryer 26, and the vacuum pump 28, and the pressure in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is reduced. When the decompression proceeds further than the atmospheric pressure, the water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 evaporates, and the vacuum pump 2
The material to be cleaned is all discharged to the outside via the drying unit 8, and the object to be washed is dried, and a reduced pressure drying step by reduced pressure drying proceeds.

At the end of the reduced pressure drying step from time t11, the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is at a low temperature of about 0 ° C. When the pressure is restored from the reduced pressure in this state, the lid 10b of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 In some cases, water droplets may be generated. Therefore, at time t12, the valves 40j and 40k are opened as shown in FIGS. 4 (j) and 4 (k), respectively.
When the fan 30 is operated as shown in FIG. 4 (o), the air outside the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is
2. It is supplied to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 via a valve 40j and a nitrogen gas supply pipe 42e. The water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is removed by the air heated by the heater 32.

At time t13, the valve 40
k is closed as shown in FIG. 4 (k), and the valve 40i is opened as shown in FIG. 4 (i). At the same time, when the nitrogen gas generator 34 is operated as shown in FIG. 4 (p), the nitrogen gas from the nitrogen gas generator 34 is taken into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10. The nitrogen gas is heated by the dryer 26 to heat the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 to further remove water.

At time t14, the valve 40k is set to the position shown in FIG.
Release as shown in (k). Thereby, the external air is again sent into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 through the dryer 28, the fan 30, the heater 32, the valve 40j, and the nitrogen gas supply pipe 42e together with the nitrogen gas. The hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is heated by the mixed gas of nitrogen gas and air heated by the heater 32 to further remove moisture.

At time t15, the valves 40i, 40j
Are closed as shown in FIGS. 4 (i) and 4 (j), respectively, and the operation of the nitrogen gas generator 34 is stopped as shown in FIG. 4 (p). As a result, only heated air is sent into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 and the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is heated.
Is heated to remove moisture. At this time, the lid 10b of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is slightly opened, and the outside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is put into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10, and the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is opened.
The pressure inside is restored.

At time t16, when the pressure inside the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is completely restored, the valves 40h and 40k are switched to the state shown in FIG.
As shown in (k), the vacuum pump 28 and the fan 3 are closed.
0 is stopped as shown in FIGS. 4 (n) and 4 (o),
The drying period E started from time t8 ends. at the same time,
The still 24 is stopped. And the hydrocarbon washing tank 10
Is opened, and after a predetermined time has passed, the door 48b is opened.
Opens, and the basket 12 containing the object to be cleaned is taken out.

In the above-described cleaning apparatus, two or three hydrocarbon cleaning tanks containing a hydrocarbon-based solvent have conventionally been used, but the cleaning and drying are performed in a single hydrocarbon cleaning tank. Flammable hydrocarbon solvents can be reduced. Thus, the size of the cleaning device can be increased, and accordingly, a large object to be cleaned can be cleaned. Further, the cleaned object to be cleaned is rinsed with a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent, and after the rinsed hydrocarbon-based solvent is recovered, the hydrocarbon-based solvent gas containing water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is flushed with nitrogen. Since it is replaced by gas, moisture can be removed and drying can be accelerated, and the danger of flammability can be eliminated. Further, after the hydrocarbon solvent gas is replaced with nitrogen gas, the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 is further replaced with air, whereby the amount of nitrogen gas required for the drying step after cleaning can be reduced. Furthermore, by decompressing the hydrocarbon cleaning tank with a vacuum pump, moisture in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is vaporized and discharged to the outside, so that drying can be performed in a short time.

In the above-described embodiment, the case of cleaning by ultrasonic irradiation after shower cleaning, and cleaning by jet water after ultrasonic cleaning has been described. However, when the object to be cleaned is a small object, the valve 40a is not closed. It is also possible to perform shower cleaning and finish the cleaning, or to select a case where ultrasonic cleaning is performed after the shower cleaning and the entire cleaning is completed after the ultrasonic cleaning. Further, when the object to be cleaned is large, a cleaning method of jet water cleaning after shower cleaning except ultrasonic cleaning can be selected.

[0081]

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

According to the first to sixth and fourteenth and fifteenth inventions, the conventional water-soluble component removing tank constituting the washing tank for the hydrocarbon solvent becomes unnecessary, and further, the drainage tank using the hydrocarbon solvent is used. Since the cleaning process is shortened, the cleaning process is shortened, and at the same time, the number of the tanks containing the hydrocarbon solvent is reduced from two to one. Cleaning can be performed.

Further, according to the seventh invention, compared with the conventional plating treatment after degreasing and cleaning treatment with a hydrocarbon solvent,
It is possible to obtain plating films and coatings which are excellent in appearance, corrosion resistance and adhesion. Further, by using the pickling tank for pickling as a pre-treatment of the plating for both the degreasing cleaning and the plating, the cleaning device and the equipment for the plating are simplified.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, a hydrocarbon-based solvent is supplied as shower water to an air-tightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank that accommodates an object to be cleaned, and cleans the object to be cleaned and the hydrocarbon-based solvent. The solvent is stored in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and then the shower water is continuously supplied to stir the stored hydrocarbon-based solvent, so that the water-soluble oil and the non-aqueous oil adhered to the small or large object to be cleaned. Etc. can be removed quickly and reliably. In addition, since the washing is performed in one hydrocarbon washing tank, the amount of flammable hydrocarbon solvents can be reduced.

According to the ninth aspect of the present invention, the hydrocarbon-based solvent is supplied as shower water to the hydrocarbon-cleaning tank containing the object to be cleaned and formed airtight, thereby cleaning the object to be cleaned and the hydrocarbon-based solvent. By storing the solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and then supplying the above-mentioned hydrocarbon-based solvent in a large amount and at a high speed, a jet of water is generated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and especially the water-soluble oil adhered to a large cleaning object. And non-aqueous oil and the like can be rapidly and reliably removed. In addition, since the washing is performed in one hydrocarbon washing tank, the amount of flammable hydrocarbon solvents can be reduced.

According to the tenth aspect of the present invention, when the hydrocarbon-based solvent is supplied as shower water to the air-tightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank that accommodates the object to be cleaned, the object to be cleaned is reduced with a small volume of the hydrocarbon-based solvent. After the water-soluble oil and non-aqueous oil adhered to the surface are securely removed, the washed object to be washed is rinsed with a clean hydrocarbon solvent, and after the rinsed hydrocarbon solvent is recovered, The gas of the hydrocarbon-based solvent containing water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is replaced by heated nitrogen gas, and the water is removed and drying can be accelerated.
The risk of flammability can be eliminated. Furthermore, since the water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is vaporized and discharged to the outside by reducing the pressure in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, drying can be performed in a short time.

According to the eleventh aspect of the present invention, when the hydrocarbon-based solvent is supplied as shower water to the hydrocarbon-cleaning tank containing the article to be cleaned and formed airtight, the article to be cleaned is washed and the hydrocarbon is added. When the system solvent is accumulated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and then the large amount and high speed supply of the hydrocarbon solvent is performed, jet water is generated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and the water-soluble oil and High speed and reliable removal of non-aqueous oil. In addition, since the washing is performed in one hydrocarbon washing tank, the amount of flammable hydrocarbon solvents can be reduced. Then, the cleaned object to be cleaned is rinsed with a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent, and after the rinsed hydrocarbon-based solvent is recovered, the gas of the hydrocarbon-based solvent containing water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is removed. Replaced by heated nitrogen gas, moisture is removed and drying can be accelerated,
The risk of flammability can be eliminated. Furthermore, since the water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is vaporized and discharged to the outside by reducing the pressure in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, drying can be performed in a short time.

According to the twelfth aspect, the safety can be ensured by the supplied nitrogen gas, and the nitrogen gas can be dried with a minimum amount.

Further, according to the thirteenth aspect, it is possible to safely dry water droplets formed by cooling at the time of drying under reduced pressure with heated nitrogen gas, and to dry the nitrogen gas with a minimum amount. Further, the pressure of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank can be reliably restored.

Further, according to the sixteenth aspect, the hydrocarbon-based solvent is ejected from the upper portion of the airtightly formed hydrocarbon washing tank containing the article to be washed, and the jet is applied to the article to be washed. By doing so, the water-soluble oil, non-aqueous oil and the like adhering to the object to be cleaned can be reliably drained together with the hydrocarbon-based solvent accumulated in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank.

According to the seventeenth and eighteenth aspects of the present invention, since the one airtightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank is housed in a cottage that can be airtightly constructed, the hydrocarbon solvent is removed from the hydrocarbon cleaning tank. Even if it leaks, it is housed in the cottage and discharged outside, ensuring sufficient safety and good hygiene.

Further, according to the nineteenth aspect, the nitrogen gas can be dried with a minimum amount, and the pressure in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank can be reliably restored.

According to the twentieth aspect, the object to be cleaned is cleaned by the hydrocarbon-based solvent supplied by the cleaning pump in the one air-tight hydrocarbon cleaning tank containing the object to be cleaned. The object to be cleaned is rinsed by the clean hydrocarbon solvent supplied by the rinsing liquid pump. Furthermore, the object to be cleaned after the cleaning can be dried by the vacuum pump and the replacement drying system that supplies and replaces the nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank. Therefore, the amount of flammable hydrocarbon solvents can be reduced. After the clean hydrocarbon-based solvent obtained by rinsing the cleaned object to be cleaned is recovered, the gas of the hydrocarbon-based solvent containing water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is replaced with nitrogen gas to remove water. He can dry faster and eliminate the danger of flammability. Furthermore, by decompressing the hydrocarbon cleaning tank with a vacuum pump, moisture in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank is vaporized and discharged to the outside, so that drying can be performed in a short time.

Further, according to the twenty-first aspect, the water in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after cleaning can be heated to promote the vaporization of the water, and can be dried in a short time.

Further, according to the twenty-second aspect, by switching between the shower water supply mechanism and the jet water supply mechanism, a large amount of small objects to be cleaned can be cleaned, and a large object to be cleaned can be cleaned. Can be washed.

According to the twenty-third aspect, the basket can store a large amount of small objects to be cleaned, and can also store a large object to be cleaned. In addition, cleaning and drying can be performed by selecting a small object or a large object to be cleaned, and the small object to be cleaned and the large object to be cleaned can be simultaneously cleaned and dried.

Further, according to the twenty-fourth aspect, the amount of the hydrocarbon-based solvent sent from the reserve tank to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank 10 increases, and even if the amount of the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the reserve tank decreases, the amount of the solvent increases. The surface protector operates to instruct the cleaning pump to stop operating. Thus, the cleaning pump does not perform a no-load operation and does not burn.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a surface treatment process diagram according to Embodiments 1 and 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a result of plating when a surface treatment step according to a second embodiment of the present invention is performed.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a cleaning device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a time chart of each part in the cleaning apparatus of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a process diagram of a conventional surface treatment using a hydrocarbon.

[Explanation of symbols]

1a hydrocarbon washing tank 1b washing device 2 first washing tank 3 second washing tank 4 third washing tank 5 alkali degreasing tank 6 pickling tank 7 plating tank 10 hydrocarbon washing tank 10a washing unit 10b lid 10d first 10e Second bottom 12 Basket 14 Reserve tank 14a Rinse liquid tank 14b Step 14c Liquid level detector 15 Hydrocarbon solvent 15a Clean hydrocarbon solvent 16 Cleaning pump 18 Rinse liquid pump 20 Flow rate switching command device 22a1 , 22a2, 22b, 22c, 22d Nozzle 24 Distiller 26 Dryer 28 Vacuum pump 30 Fan 32 Heater 34 Nitrogen gas generator 36 Ultrasonic transducer 40a, 40b, 40c, 40d, 40e, 40f, 4f
0g, 40h, 40i, 40j, 40k Valve 42a Drain pipe 42b Shower water supply pipe 42c Jet water supply pipe 42d Drain discharge exhaust pipe 42e Nitrogen gas supply pipe 44 Liquid level detector 46 Liquid level protector 48 Cottage 48b Door 50 duct

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Yoshio Matsuda 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Within Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (72) Inventor Tsutomu Ota 2-3-2 Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Inside Ryo Denki Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Hiroyasu Murata 3-1-156 Nishi-Awaji, Higashi-Yodogawa-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka Inside Sansha Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. No. 1-56 F-term in Sansha Electric Manufacturing Co., Ltd. (reference) 3B201 AA46 AB01 BB05 BB23 BB82 BB85 BB95 BB96 CB15 CC01 CC12 CD11 CD42 CD43 4K053 PA10 QA04 RA15 RA16 RA17 RA18 RA25 RA29 RA32 SA04 SA06 SA08 SA18 TA12 TA16 TA17 XA XA28

Claims (24)

[Claims] 1. A degreasing cleaning method in which an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered is immersed in a hydrocarbon solvent to degrease, and then a component of the water-soluble oil is removed with an acidic solution. 2. An object to be washed to which a water-soluble oil or a non-aqueous oil is adhered is immersed in a hydrocarbon solvent to degrease it, and then immersed in an acidic solution without obtaining alkaline degreasing for removing animal and vegetable oils. A degreasing method in which the components of the water-soluble oil are removed by an appropriate method, followed by alkaline degreasing for removing animal and vegetable oils and acid pickling for chemically activating the object to be cleaned. 3. The degreasing method according to claim 1, wherein the acidic solution comprises a cleaning liquid containing 0.267 mol to 2.670 mol of sulfuric acid and 0.56 mol or less of aluminum. Cleaning method. 4. The acidic solution comprises 0.206 mol to 0.412 mol of nitric acid, 0.05 mol to 0.10 mol of hydrofluoric acid and 0.15 mol to 0.30 mol of ferric chloride. 2. A cleaning liquid as a component.
Or the degreasing method according to 2. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acidic solution is in a range of 5.03 to 6.70.
Moles of nitric acid, 3.35 to 4.46 moles of sulfuric acid,
3. A degreasing cleaning method according to claim 1, comprising a cleaning solution containing 0.18 to 0.37 mol of phosphoric acid and 1.58 to 2.10 mol of ammonium acid fluoride. . 6. A first step of immersing the object to be cleaned in a hydrocarbon solvent, a second step of immersing the object to be cleaned immersed in the hydrocarbon solvent in an acidic solution, A degreasing / cleaning method comprising a third step of alkali-degreasing the immersed object to be cleaned and a fourth step of pickling to chemically activate the alkali-degreased object to be cleaned. 7. The degreasing method according to claim 6, wherein in the fourth step, the object to be cleaned which has been alkali-degreased in the third step is subjected to pickling for plating or painting in a subsequent step. Cleaning method. 8. A preparatory step for storing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like is attached in a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of forming an airtight state and forming the inside airtight, and a plurality of steps provided in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank. A first shower cleaning step of supplying the hydrocarbon-based solvent as shower water from the nozzle to shower-clean the object to be cleaned and storing the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and continuing the shower water. A second shower cleaning step of agitating the supplied hydrocarbon-based solvent and collecting the water-soluble oil and the non-aqueous oil removed from the object to be cleaned together with the hydrocarbon-based solvent. Cleaning method. 9. A preparatory step for accommodating a cleaning object to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered in a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of forming an airtight state, and forming the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank airtight; A first shower cleaning step of supplying the hydrocarbon-based solvent as shower water from a nozzle to shower-clean the object to be cleaned and storing the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank; and a first shower cleaning step. A dewatering / cleaning method comprising: supplying a large amount of the hydrocarbon-based solvent to the hydrocarbon-cleaning tank at a high speed after completion; generating and collecting jet water; and circulating the hydrocarbon-based solvent. 10. A preparatory step for accommodating an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered in a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of forming an airtight state, and forming an airtight inside, and a plurality of steps provided in said hydrocarbon cleaning tank. A first shower cleaning step of supplying a hydrocarbon-based solvent as shower water from a nozzle to shower-clean the object to be cleaned, and a first recovery step of recovering the hydrocarbon-based solvent after the first shower cleaning step is completed A rinsing step of supplying and rinsing a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent to the object to be cleaned after completion of the first recovery step, and a second recovery step of recovering the hydrocarbon-based solvent after rinsing after completion of the rinsing step When,
After the completion of the second recovery step, a heated nitrogen gas is supplied to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to replace the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank with nitrogen gas. A depressurizing and drying step of depressurizing the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after the replacement step. 11. A preparatory step for accommodating a cleaning object to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered in a hydrocarbon cleaning tank capable of forming an airtight state, and forming an airtight inside, and a plurality of cleaning steps provided in said hydrocarbon cleaning tank. A first shower cleaning step of supplying the hydrocarbon-based solvent as shower water from a nozzle to shower-clean the object to be cleaned and storing the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank; and a first shower cleaning step. After the completion, a large amount and high speed of the hydrocarbon solvent is supplied to the hydrocarbon washing tank to generate and collect jet water, and the jet water circulation step of circulating the hydrocarbon solvent; A first recovery step of recovering the hydrogen-based solvent, a rinsing step of supplying a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent to the object to be cleaned after the first recovery step and rinsing the same; A second recovery step of recovering the hydrocarbon solvent after the rinsing, and supplying a heated nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after completion of the second recovery step so that nitrogen gas is supplied into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank. A degreasing cleaning method comprising: a first nitrogen gas replacement step of replacing the pressure with a nitrogen gas; and a reduced-pressure drying step of reducing the pressure of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank after the completion of the first nitrogen gas replacement step. 12. The method according to claim 10, further comprising a first mixing and replacing step of supplying air into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replacing the nitrogen gas with air after the nitrogen gas replacing step. 12. The degreasing cleaning method according to 11. 13. A second nitrogen gas replacement step of supplying heated nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to replace the inside of the hydrocarbon cleaning tank with nitrogen gas after the completion of the reduced pressure drying step. 13. The degreasing cleaning method according to claim 10, further comprising a second mixing and replacing step of supplying air into the hydrogen cleaning tank and replacing the nitrogen gas with air. 14. A cleaning apparatus for degreasing and cleaning an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, comprising a hydrocarbon-cleaning tank for injecting a hydrocarbon-based solvent. A washing device including a pickling tank for injecting an acidic solution for removing components of a water-soluble oil. 15. A cleaning apparatus for degreasing and cleaning an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, comprising a hydrocarbon-cleaning tank for injecting a hydrocarbon-based solvent. A transfer device for transferring an object to be cleaned in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to a transport path from the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to an acid cleaning tank for injecting an acidic solution. 16. A tank having an opening on the upper surface and an openable / closable lid for closing or opening the opening of the tank,
An air-tightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank for storing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered, and performing cleaning with a hydrocarbon-based solvent. A plurality of nozzles that eject a hydrocarbon solvent,
A cleaning device comprising a hydrocarbon cleaning tank provided near a height at which the hydrocarbon solvents ejected from the respective nozzles have an overlap, and having a drain port for discharging the hydrocarbon solvents from the tank. . 17. A cleaning device having a first opening and first opening / closing means for opening and closing the opening, containing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil, or the like is attached, and comprising a hydrocarbon-based solvent. An airtight hydrocarbon cleaning tank for cleaning, a drainage recovery means for recovering the hydrocarbon solvent after cleaning from the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and exhausting gas or moisture in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to the outside. A first exhaust unit, wherein the hydrocarbon cleaning tank has a second opening, a second opening / closing unit for opening / closing the opening, and a second opening / discharging unit for discharging internal air to the outside.
A cleaning device, which is installed so as to be housed in a cottage that can be formed airtight with the exhaust means. 18. A hydrocarbon-cleaning tank capable of containing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like has adhered, and being capable of forming an airtight seal for washing and drying with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, and containing the hydrocarbon-based solvent. A cleaning tank that contains a reserve tank, a rinsing liquid tank containing a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent obtained by distilling and regenerating the hydrocarbon-based solvent, and supplying the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the reserve tank to the hydrocarbon-cleaning tank. A cleaning device in which a rinsing liquid pump and a rinsing liquid pump that takes in the clean hydrocarbon-based solvent in the rinsing liquid tank and supplies the rinsing liquid to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank are housed in a cottage that can be airtightly formed. 19. A hydrocarbon-cleaning tank capable of containing an object to be cleaned to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil, or the like is attached, and being cleaned and dried with a hydrocarbon-based solvent, and after cleaning from the hydrocarbon-cleaning tank. Wastewater collecting means for collecting the hydrocarbon solvent, a vacuum pump for discharging gas or moisture in the hydrocarbon washing tank to the outside, a nitrogen gas generator for generating nitrogen gas, and A cleaning system including a replacement drying system that supplies a hydrogen cleaning tank and replaces with nitrogen gas, and a mixed replacement system that supplies air into the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replaces nitrogen gas with air after completion of the nitrogen gas replacement. apparatus. 20. An air-tightly formed hydrocarbon cleaning tank for containing an object to be washed to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like is attached, and for washing and drying with a hydrocarbon solvent, and containing the hydrocarbon solvent. A cleaning tank that contains a reserve tank, a rinsing liquid tank containing a clean hydrocarbon-based solvent obtained by distilling and regenerating the hydrocarbon-based solvent, and supplying the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the reserve tank to the hydrocarbon-cleaning tank. Pump, a rinsing liquid pump that takes in the clean hydrocarbon solvent in the rinsing liquid tank and supplies it to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank, and a vacuum that discharges gas or moisture in the hydrocarbon cleaning tank to the outside. A cleaning apparatus comprising: a pump; a nitrogen gas generator for generating nitrogen gas; and a replacement drying system for supplying the nitrogen gas to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank and replacing the hydrocarbon gas with nitrogen gas. 21. The cleaning apparatus according to claim 20, wherein the replacement drying system includes a dryer for separating and drying moisture and gas, and a heater for heating the gas. 22. A shower water supply mechanism for sending the hydrocarbon-based solvent from the washing pump to a plurality of nozzles provided in the hydrocarbon washing tank and supplying shower water from the nozzles, and the washing pump. A jet water supply mechanism for supplying the hydrocarbon-based solvent to the hydrocarbon cleaning tank in a large amount and at a high speed, and a switching command device for switching between the shower water supply mechanism and the jet water supply mechanism. The cleaning device according to claim 20, wherein 23. A cleaning section, wherein the hydrocarbon cleaning tank has an opening at the top, a slope having a slope descending from the side to the inside, and a bottom having a deep bottom at the center thereof; A washing tank capable of forming an airtight state having a lid that covers and closes the opening of the washing tank, which is extended to both sides, and has a combination with a basket formed in the hydrocarbon washing tank with a central part forming an abyss. The cleaning device according to claim 20, wherein 24. An air-tightly formed hydrocarbon washing tank for containing an object to be washed to which a water-soluble oil, a non-aqueous oil or the like is attached, and for washing and drying with a hydrocarbon solvent, and for accommodating the hydrocarbon solvent. A reservoir, and a cleaning pump that takes in the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the reserve tank and supplies the hydrocarbon-based cleaning tank with the cleaning pump, and that the hydrocarbon-based solvent in the reserve tank drops below a predetermined liquid level. A cleaning device comprising: a liquid level protector that issues a command to stop the operation of the cleaning pump.