JP2001180921A - Oxidized carbon colloid and plant growth agent made of the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To develop an oxidized carbon colloid which can become a plant growth agent functioning as a soil improving agent or a water purifying agent as a means of reusing carbon mills ends. SOLUTION: When carbon mills are oxidized by the application of a mechanical friction heat, an electrolytic action, or an oxidizer such as strong acid, in the presence of ultrasonic wave or magnetic field, superfine oxidized carbon colloid is produced which forms the functional group containing oxygen on the surface of each carbon particle to be used as a plant growth agent.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a carbon oxide colloid used for improving water quality and soil, and a plant growing agent using the same.

[0002] The carbon to which the present invention is applied includes a wide variety of general carbons such as crystalline carbon such as graphite and amorphous carbon such as Ketjen black and charcoal. Scraps,
This refers to carbon discharged as industrial waste, such as offcuts of various carbon materials that have been graphitized as heat insulating materials.

[0003]

2. Description of the Related Art In Japan, charcoal has been used to purify well water since the Heian period. This is a water purification action for removing impurities using the porosity of charcoal. Further, as an aid for plant growth, for example, JP-A-10-229708 `` germination promotion method '' (to germinate in combination with oxidized water obtained by electrolyzing water containing bicarbonate and a plant growth hormone agent) JP-A-09-165284, `` Plant breeding method and plant breeding agent '' (a technology of mixing negatively ionized rice husk charcoal and lime nitrogen to make a plant breeding agent) and JP-A-11-056112, `` Plant growing Floors (technique using charcoal having a planting part for planting cultivated plants) and the like are disclosed.

[0004]

At present, the use of charcoal, especially the use of carbon materials, is widely observed not only in charcoal but also in a wider field. However, carbon materials produced using the latest state-of-the-art technology produce a large amount of carbon offcuts when processed into products, but are difficult to reuse and dispose of, and are becoming a problem. Currently, the major manufacturers that commercialize carbon materials are carbon fiber manufacturers, and in Japan, these manufacturers
240-260 tons of carbon fiber offcuts come out.
In addition, there are large and small manufacturers of various carbon products, and the total amount of carbon scraps such as carbon powder and solids to be disposed of exceeds 400 tons per year.
Most of these carbon scraps are crystalline carbon such as graphite, and at present, their reuse does not proceed slowly.

[0005] A method has been proposed in which carbon waste material to be disposed of is pulverized and pulverized as fine powder into a large amount of water or soil for reuse in water purification or soil improvement. However, these carbon offcuts are generally crystalline carbon, not amorphous porous carbon such as charcoal, and therefore have a form that is not so effective for soil improvement and plant growth. Therefore, as a mode of reusing carbon scraps, a study was conducted to develop a carbon colloid that could be a soil conditioner, a water purification agent, or a plant growth agent.

[0006]

As a result of the examination, what has been developed is to stir water and carbon powder or offcuts with a stirrer in the presence of a dispersant or in a mixed state as it is, and a ball, an inner wall surface, By utilizing frictional heat generated when carbon powder or scrap material collides with a protrusion on the inner wall surface or a cutter in a stirrer, the carbon powder is pulverized into fine carbon powder and an oxygen-containing functional group is formed on the fine powder surface to form the fine powder. It is a carbon oxide colloid in which carbon fine powder is dispersed almost uniformly in an aqueous solution. From the viewpoint of reusing the carbon offcuts as a plant growth agent, in addition to water, it is good to add organic acids (e.g., wood vinegar, acetic acid) or coal ash or plant ash which are present in nature, and to stir them. In particular, an acidic group is easily attached to the surface of the carbon particles. The ratio of water to carbon powder and offcuts is free.
The ratio can be 500 kg, preferably 10 to 15 kg in the case of kneading in water.

The oxygen-containing functional group is, for example, a carbonyl group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, etc., which exerts a chemical effect as a soil conditioner or a water purification agent. It has the function of ensuring the dispersibility of carbon particles. In the above, the oxidizing means using the frictional heat resulting from the collision between the carbon powder and the remnants and each part of the stirrer, but in addition, carbon powder and remnants, (a) ultraviolet irradiation, There are oxidizing means for (b) subject to arc discharge, (c) pickling, and (d) electrolytic oxidation (Patent No. 2736243, Japanese Patent Application No. 10-260385).
issue). Regarding electrolytic oxidation, such as solar power generation and wind power generation,
If a facility that directly generates direct current from natural power is used, conversion loss for obtaining direct current from alternating current can be eliminated.
In the oxidized carbon colloid thus obtained, the oxygen-containing functional group that can be formed on the surface of the carbon particle functions as a hydrophilic group.

The oxidized carbon colloid adsorbs inorganic or organic substances in the dispersed soil or water due to the porosity of the carbon offcuts as a heat insulating material. The adsorption removes impurities and useful organic substances (particularly fertilizers and pesticides in soil)
It is a function of preventing outflow or dissipation. By such an adsorption function, soil improvement or water purification is exhibited, and for example, microorganisms in the soil can be activated or agricultural products can be grown. In addition, the porosity exhibits high water absorption. Usually, the carbon scrap as the heat insulating material has a self-volume of 5 to 5.
It has eight times the water absorption capacity, and can impart water retention and moisture retention to soil in particular. Furthermore, the far-infrared ray effect and heat energy retention effect inherent to carbon particles exhibit heat retention and heat insulation properties, and the presence of oxygen-containing functional groups has a function of gradually acidifying alkaline soil moderately, It is a soil conditioner suitable for cultivation.

The finer the carbon particles exhibiting the various functions or functions described above, the more preferable.
It is desirable that the total surface area increases as the particle diameter decreases. Therefore, the reaction for forming the oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of the carbon particles can proceed in an ultrasonic atmosphere. By applying ultrasonic waves, the carbon particles are oxidized while being finely crushed. For example, in the case of a carbon oxide colloid obtained by stirring water and carbon particles or scraps with a stirrer, an ultrasonic oscillator is attached to the stirrer, and the stirring is performed while applying ultrasonic waves. In an ultrasonic atmosphere,
Even when carbon powder or edges are (a) irradiated with ultraviolet light, (b) exposed to arc discharge, (c) pickled, and (d) electrolytically oxidized, if oxidized in an ultrasonic atmosphere or electromagnetic field atmosphere In addition, a carbon oxide colloid can be produced while minimizing the particle size of the carbon particles.

The carbon oxide colloid of the present invention can be used as a plant improver, as it is, or together with coal ash, plant ash, rice husk charcoal, charcoal, etc. as a soil improver. In that case, depending on the condition and purpose of the soil, neutralization of acidic or alkaline or one or both of them may be required. Therefore, a reaction for forming an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of the carbon particles was allowed to proceed in a magnetic field atmosphere to produce a carbon oxide colloid. When carbon particles are oxidized in a normal atmosphere, the voltammetric distribution has a peak only on the positive side, and so-called chemical doping only shows acidity. However, when carbon particles are oxidized in a magnetic field atmosphere, the voltammetric distribution shows peaks on both the positive and negative sides, and the properties due to chemical doping may be acidic and alkaline, although the reason is not clear. found. Thus, when carbon oxide colloid is used as a plant growth agent in soil, an acidic element functions when the soil is alkaline, and an alkaline element functions when the soil is acidic, and the acidity of the soil is substantially neutral (slightly neutral). (Acidic). Unlike the above-described oxidation reaction under an ultrasonic atmosphere, the location of the magnetic field application does not necessarily have to be the same as the location of the oxidation reaction. A magnet may be provided on the way to allow the carbon oxide colloid to pass through the magnetic field atmosphere. When the ultrafine colloid is simultaneously formed in this way, water is absorbed into the cells of the plant at the same time as the water is absorbed, and a bioactive effect is obtained.

[0011]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 shows water 1 and carbon scrap 2
(A lump and a powder mixture) and a partially broken side view of the stirrer showing a state in which the carbon oxide colloid 4 is manufactured while stirring with the stirrer 3, and FIG. 2 shows electrolytic oxidation in an ultrasonic atmosphere. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a state in which the carbon oxidized carbon colloid 4 is manufactured by the method shown in FIG. 3, and FIG.

In the example of FIG. 1, carbon scraps 2 (lumps and powders mixed) discharged from various factories are mixed with water 1 by a stirrer 3.
And rotating the cutter 5 at a high speed to crush the carbon scrap 2 by colliding it with the inner wall surface of the stirrer, the projection 6 on the inner wall surface or the cutter 5 in the stirrer while mixing the two well, and simultaneously Utilizing frictional heat generated at this time, an oxygen-containing functional group is formed on the surface of the carbon powder to produce the carbon oxide colloid 4. Since the internal structure of the stirrer 3 and the cutter 5 are free, and the oxygen-containing functional group is formed on the surface of the carbon powder using frictional heat with the carbon powder, the chance of contact between the carbon powder and the cutter 5 increases. It is desirable. In the drawing, the carbon scrap 2 is drawn densely for convenience of explanation.
A suitable amount is 500500 kg, preferably 50-200 kg (0.5-20% concentration).

FIG. 2 shows an example in which the oxidized carbon colloid 4 is manufactured by using electrolytic oxidation, and a carbon anode 7 in which carbon powder (for example, manufactured by previously grinding carbon scraps) and a carbon anode 7 are hardened. The metal cathode 8 is sandwiched between insulators 9 to face each other, immersed in water 1, and a DC voltage is applied from a DC power supply 10. Then, an ultrasonic wave is applied from the outside by the ultrasonic oscillator 11 while attempting the electrolytic oxidation. From the carbon anode 7, the carbon particles 12 elute while undergoing electrolytic oxidation, but are further crushed by receiving the ultrasonic waves S, and are dispersed in the water 1 as carbon particles 12 having a very small particle size.

FIG. 3 shows an example in which the oxidized carbon colloid 4 is produced by electrolytic oxidation similarly to FIG. 2, and a carbon powder (for example, produced by previously grinding carbon offcuts) is hardened. An anode 7 and another metal cathode 8 are opposed to each other with an insulator 9 interposed therebetween, immersed in water 1 and a DC voltage is applied from a DC power supply 10. The oxidized carbon colloid 4 during the production is sent to the circulation path 14 using the pump 13,
By passing the carbon oxide colloid 4 through the magnetic pipe 15 (magnetic field atmosphere) arranged on the way, the voltammetric distribution (see FIG. 7) shows peaks on both the positive and negative sides, and the characteristics due to chemical doping have acidic and acidic characteristics. It becomes an oxidized carbon colloid with alkalinity. Circulation of the oxidized carbon colloid 4 using the pump 13 corresponds to the stirring action of the above-described stirrer. The production modes of the oxidized carbon colloid shown in each example may be used alone or in combination as appropriate.

[0015]

EXAMPLES In order to demonstrate the usefulness of the oxidized carbon colloid according to the present invention, various use experiments were attempted. First, as Example 1, the growing state of a potted plant was compared. In Example 1-1, a carbon oxide colloid (concentration: 2%) was used.
A potted plant in which a porous carbon material (charcoal) immersed in a pot is laid on the inner bottom of a pot and soil is placed so as to cover the porous carbon material. In Example 1-3, a potted plant containing only oxidized carbon colloid was prepared, and as Comparative Example 1, a potted plant containing only soil was prepared. The size of the pot was 10 cm in inner diameter and 10 cm in height, and staggered autumn sowing was used as a plant. The amount of the carbon oxide colloid added to the soil was 10% in each case.

The pots of Examples 1-1 to 1-3 and Comparative Example 1 were
The room was placed on the sunny south side, and the temperature change in the pot (soil or carbon oxide colloid) was measured at noon every day until germination was observed. The temperature measurement was basically performed with the thermometer in contact with the inner bottom of the pot. The measurement results are shown in Table 1 and the graph of FIG.

[0017]

[Table 1]

As a result of the test, Examples 1-1 to 1-3 in which the carbon oxide colloid was added in some form were as follows:
It was found that the temperature was higher by 1 ° C. to 5 ° C. than in Comparative Example 1. This is considered to be due to the fact that the temperature in the ground becomes higher than that of other parts due to the absorption of radiant heat in response to the daytime sun. Even at night, it is considered that the temperature drop was gradual due to the heat retention effect of the oxidized carbon colloid, and as a result, the growth of plants was promoted. Specifically, in Example 1-1 and Example 1-2, germination was observed on the second day after the start of the experiment, and the two-leaf to four-leaf was early, and the height was large. Comparative Example 1 germinated on the fifth day, and the height was small.

An experiment similar to Example 1 was attempted for a plant, Komatsuna, which was larger than the hound's-toothed grass (Example 2). Example 2
-1 is a potted plant in which the porous carbon material immersed in the electrolytically oxidized carbon colloid in the apparatus of FIG. 2 is spread on the inner bottom of the planter, and soil is put so as to cover the carbon porous material. A potted plant in which only the porous carbon material was laid on the inner bottom of the planter and soil was put so as to cover the porous carbon material. In Example 2-3, a potted plant in which the entire inside of the planter was soil and the carbon oxide colloid was directly contained in the soil. A plant and a potted plant made of soil only as Comparative Example 2 were produced. Basically, measurements are taken outdoors, but measurements are taken indoors on the fourth to sixth days since the outside air temperature has fallen too much. The experimental results are shown in Table 2 and the graph of FIG. Observationally, both germination and growth of Example 2-1 to Example 2-3 were early. Regarding the germination rate, the number of germinations in Example 2-1 to Example 2-3 was large while sowing the same number of seeds.

[0020]

[Table 2]

At present, house cultivation is popular in Japan, and a boiler using oil is used as a heating source. However, there is no denying that this oil has hindered cost reduction. In the daytime, the house is sufficiently warmed by sunlight, so if it can absorb the daytime solar heat and use it for nighttime heating, it will also save oil.
Therefore, the aspect of utilizing heat storage of the present invention was verified (Example 3). Specifically, a carbon porous body impregnated with a carbon oxide colloid with nitric acid was buried under a nursery bed in a house, and the carbon porous body was covered with soil. Cultivated plants are
Komatsuna (Example 3-1) and spinach (spinach 3-2). Table 3 and the graph of FIG. 6 show changes in soil temperature near the root of each of Komatsuna and spinach.

[0022]

[Table 3]

As is evident from Table 3, the carbon oxide colloid has a heat storage effect. Above all, 8
On the day, although the outside temperature dropped to 10.5 ° C, the soil temperature was as high as about 2 ° C in Example 3-1 (komatsuna) and about 4 ° C in Example 2-2 (spinach). .
In the growth of plants, even a difference of 1-2 ° C is very different,
It can be concluded that the heat storage effect of the carbon oxide colloid is effective. In this experiment, we considered the storage of sunlight, but if we buried a heating pipe and used it as a heat source for both heating and storage in winter, we would realize an effective heat retention effect while suppressing heat energy loss. Seems to be able to.

Finally, the characteristics of the carbon oxide colloid produced by electrolytic oxidation in a magnetic field atmosphere were verified.
(Example 4). Under normal atmosphere, oxidized carbon colloid has a pH of around 2.4, conductivity of 1.8 mS to 2.0 mS, and electromotive force of 230 mV to
Adjust and manufacture in the range of 240mV. Therefore, the obtained oxidized carbon colloid shows acidity. This is almost the same for carbon oxide colloids produced in a magnetic field atmosphere. If mixed into the soil as it is, the acidity of the soil may be increased, but this was not the case. Current,
Worldwide, there is a problem of environmental pollution in which acid rain and acid fog caused by exhaust gas from automobiles and smoke from factories cause trees to die and seriously damage agricultural products. The oxidized carbon colloid produced under a magnetic field atmosphere of the present invention has a characteristic that it does not increase the acidity of the soil, despite being acidic as a simple substance, and has a feature that it can be used without concern for the above-mentioned environmental pollution. ing.

In the carbon oxide colloid produced by the above-mentioned methods under a normal atmosphere, chemical hand doping was observed on the positive side in terms of potential (distribution by voltammetry). However, it is considered that by giving a magnetic field atmosphere during the chemical doping, a larger number of hydroxyl groups were generated than before. Since the hydroxyl group generated on the surface of the carbon particle contains an oxygen atom which is a magnetic substance, it is considered that the presence of a magnetic field atmosphere induces the generation of the hydroxyl group. As a result, the number of hydroxyl groups is increased and the oxygen atoms are magnetized. As a result, in the voltammetry distribution, not only the peak on the plus side as in the conventional case, but also the peak on the minus side can be seen (see FIG. 7). In this voltammetry distribution, the peak on the minus side was reproducible, and the possibility of undoping was denied.

The following is a further consideration from the voltammetric distribution. That is, the fact that both positive and negative peaks are observed in the oxidized carbon colloid means that, for example, if there is a substance with a positive potential in the soil, the negative element acts, and if there is a substance with a negative potential, the positive element acts. That is, the degree of contribution to acidity or alkalinity can be suppressed to a low level. Therefore, oxidized carbon colloid produced under normal atmosphere is
Although only the substance with a negative potential in the soil was adsorbed, the carbon oxide colloid produced in a magnetic field atmosphere has a bipolar function.

Coal ash contains silica (acidic) and alumina (alkaline) and is preferably used as a soil improving material or a plant growing material in some cases. However, there is a problem in that when dissolved and dispersed alone in water, the soil solidifies. In order to prevent agglomeration of the coal ash when utilizing the coal ash, the carbon oxide colloid of the present invention can be used. Specifically, water, carbon scraps and coal ash are mixed to produce a carbon oxide colloid. Similarly, a carbon oxide colloid which can be produced by mixing water, carbon scraps and plant ash exhibits the same action and effect as the carbon oxide colloid mixed with the coal ash. The resulting oxidized carbon colloid was sprayed on alkaline soil, and it was possible to approach a nearly neutral soil suitable for growing crops.

[0028]

The carbon oxide colloid of the present invention is characterized in that it can be produced by a simple operation by stirring with a stirrer, and that carbon waste from a carbon fiber manufacturer or the like can be used as a raw material. Since carbon is colloidal particles close to the molecular level, it can be absorbed from the roots and leaves together with fertilizers (nutrient sources) sprayed on the soil, helping the growth of microorganisms useful as soil amendments, and directly growing plants. Also acts as an agent. Particularly, when the carbon oxide colloid of the present invention is used by impregnating a carbon porous material such as charcoal or charcoal powder, the above effect is further emphasized. Instead of a porous carbon material, a carbon oxide colloid may be used in the form of starch or a biodegradable plastic having a shape-retaining powder. In addition, the porosity of charcoal, coal ash, plant ash, or rice husk charcoal has an effect of retaining the sprayed pesticide and preventing outflow. This is an effect of preventing phosphorus, nitrogen and the like from flowing into rivers, tidal marshes, and the sea, and is desirable from the viewpoint of environmental measures.

Conventionally, studies have been made to purify soil by a method called "phytoradiation". This is a method of taking in and collecting harmful substances in soil from plant roots. It is generally pointed out that the relationship between carbon (charcoal and amorphous carbon) and soil microorganisms is important. This is because charcoal provides a good place for mycorrhizal fungi, which coexist with the plant's capillary roots and promote plant growth. In addition, the carbon oxide colloid of the present invention
It is expected to help germinate and grow plants and increase the number of microorganisms in the ground as a soil conditioner, and to prevent water decay as a water purification material.

Speaking of soil improvement materials only, the adsorption force derived from the porosity is intended to hold the fertilizer and keep the excess fertilizer on the soil without losing it, so that there is an advantage that the number of times of topdressing can be reduced. . Further, in greenhouse horticulture, carbon exhibits a heat storage effect, so that oil and the like for heating can be saved, and energy saving can be achieved.

In the production of the oxidized carbon colloid of the present invention,
The availability of carbon waste generated by carbon fiber manufacturers means that carbon waste that could not be disposed of in the past can be reused as an industrially significant product, and is highly significant as an environmental measure. In addition, coal ash, which was originally a waste, can be provided as an inexpensive and useful plant growth agent by using carbon oxide colloids from carbon scraps as soil improvement materials as well as plant ash and rice husk charcoal. It was done.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view of a stirrer illustrating a state in which water and carbon scrap are mixed and a carbon oxide colloid is produced while being stirred by the stirrer.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a carbon oxide colloid is manufactured by electrolytic oxidation in an ultrasonic atmosphere.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which a carbon oxide colloid is manufactured by electrolytic oxidation in a magnetic field atmosphere.

FIG. 4 is a graph of an experimental result of Example 1.

FIG. 5 is a graph of an experimental result of Example 2.

FIG. 6 is a graph of an experimental result of Example 3.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing a voltammetric distribution of a carbon oxide colloid produced in a magnetic field atmosphere.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water 2 Carbon scrap 3 Stirrer 4 Carbon oxide colloid 5 Cutter 6 Projection 7 Carbon anode 8 Metal cathode 9 Insulator 10 DC power supply 11 Ultrasonic oscillator 12 Carbon particles 13 Pump 14 Circulation path 15 Magnetic pipe S Ultrasonic

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁷ Identification symbol FI Theme coat ゛ (Reference) C05G 3/04 C09K 17/04 H 4H026 C09K 17/02 C25B 3/02 4H061 17/04 B01J 13/00 A 4K021 C25B 3/02 C09K 101: 00 // B01J 13/00 B09B 3/00 ZABZ C09K 101: 00 304J F-term (reference) 2B022 EA01 2B314 MA15 PA02 4D004 AA16 BA02 BA10 CA04 CA15 CA34 CA44 CB13 CB27 CC03 CC11 4G08 CB CC09 4G065 AA08 BB06 CA01 DA03 DA10 FA02 4H026 AA01 AB04 4H061 AA01 DD14 DD20 EE01 EE42 GG13 GG28 GG43 HH05 HH11 HH14 KK02 KK07 KK09 4K021 AB25 BA02 DA11 DA13 DC15

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A stirrer is used to stir water and carbon powder or offcuts in the presence of a dispersant or in a mixed state, and a ball in the stirrer, an inner wall surface, a projection on an inner wall surface, or a cutter in the stirrer. By utilizing frictional heat generated when carbon powder or scrap material collides with the powder, the powder is pulverized into fine carbon powder and an oxygen-containing functional group is formed on the surface of the fine powder so that the fine carbon powder becomes substantially uniform in an aqueous solution. An oxidized carbon colloid to be dispersed. 2. A method for forming an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of a carbon powder by electrolytic oxidation using carbon powder or scrap material as an anode or oxidizing with an oxidizing agent to make the carbon fine powder substantially uniform in an aqueous solution. An oxidized carbon colloid that is dispersed in water. 3. The carbon oxide colloid according to claim 1, wherein a reaction for forming an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of the carbon particles can proceed in an ultrasonic atmosphere. 4. The carbon oxide colloid according to claim 1, wherein a reaction for forming an oxygen-containing functional group on the surface of the carbon particles can proceed in a magnetic field atmosphere. 5. A plant growing agent comprising the carbon oxide colloid according to claim 1 as a main ingredient. 6. A plant growth agent comprising the carbon oxide colloid according to claim 1 or 2 as a main agent, and one or a mixture of coal ash, plant ash, and rice husk charcoal added thereto.