JP2001159107A - Vehicle crash cushion - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) Abstract: Provided is a vehicle collision buffer that can effectively buffer the impact of a vehicle collision. A vehicle collision buffer (8) provided at a location where a vehicle can collide and cushioning the impact of the collision, wherein a load caused by a vehicle collision is applied to an absorber support (3) to which a shock absorber (6) is attached. When the vehicle collides, the shock absorbing material 6 has a weak initial cushioning effect due to the provision of the fixing pin 4 which is released and the caster 5 which slides in the collision direction of the vehicle after the release. In, the impact is effectively absorbed by receiving an impact force due to the rigidity of the absorbent support 3 fixed to the ground. After the fixing of the absorbent support 3 is released, the absorbent support 3 slides together with the vehicle to prevent the vehicle from being destroyed, and the release of the fixation reduces the shock force to a certain extent. It is effectively mitigated by the material 6.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shock absorber for a vehicle, which is provided on a median strip, a wall of a temporary shelter, or the like, and which absorbs a shock when the vehicle collides.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, a vehicle is likely to collide with an end portion of a median strip 40 of an expressway or an island portion 42 provided in front of a tollgate 41 as shown in FIGS. Accidents are likely to occur. Therefore, in order to alleviate the impact of the collision even slightly, guard fences such as steel guard rails and guard ropes are installed in the above-mentioned collision-prone portions (portions surrounded by broken lines in the figure).

[0003]

However, the above guard fences have a low shock absorbing ability and a considerable impact repulsion. For this reason, death or serious injury of a driver or other occupant cannot be prevented, the vehicle is severely damaged, and a double or triple secondary accident is actually caused. Under such circumstances, urgent measures are required to prevent or mitigate the above-mentioned accidents, and solutions are strongly desired.

The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle crash cushion that can effectively buffer the impact of a vehicle crash.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, a vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention is provided at a location where a vehicle can collide, and is a crash buffer for a vehicle that buffers a crash impact. The absorber support to which the shock absorber is attached is fixed to the ground so that the anchor is released by the load due to the collision of the vehicle, and is slidable in the collision direction of the vehicle after the release of the anchor. That is, the first point is that.

Further, the vehicle collision buffer of the present invention is provided at a location where the vehicle can collide, and is a vehicle collision buffer for buffering the impact of a collision, and is provided in a plurality in the collision direction of the vehicle. A plate-like body, having a partition member for partitioning between the respective plate-like bodies into a plurality of spaces, wherein a shock absorbing material is present in a space partitioned by the plate-like body and the partition member. Second
The summary of the

That is, in the first vehicle crash cushion of the present invention, the absorber support to which the shock absorber is attached is fixed to the ground so that the shock absorber is released from being fixed by the load caused by the vehicle collision. After the release of the fixing, the vehicle can slide in the collision direction of the vehicle. Therefore, when a vehicle collides, in the early stage of a collision in which the energy absorbing effect of the shock absorber is weak, the shock is effectively absorbed by sufficiently deforming the shock absorber with the rigidity of the absorber support fixed to the ground. Is done. After the fixing of the absorber support is released, the absorber support slides together with the vehicle to prevent the vehicle from being destroyed, and is effective by the shock absorbing material whose deformation has been restored to some extent by the release of the fixing. The shock is reduced. Therefore, immediately after the collision, sufficient impact energy is absorbed, and the fixed force of the absorbent support is not released, so that an impact force exceeding the set value is not generated. In other words, the shock absorbing material is hardly compressed so that the shock absorbing force is hardly reduced, so that the shock absorbing ability of the shock absorbing material is maximized, the shock at the time of a vehicle collision can be effectively buffered, and the vehicle is destroyed. Can also be prevented.

In the above-mentioned vehicle crash cushion, when the plurality of absorber supports are provided in the collision direction of the vehicle, the absorber supports slide with the vehicle to prevent the vehicle from being destroyed. At the same time, the shock is effectively reduced by the shock absorbing material whose deformation has been restored to some extent by the release of the fixing and the shock absorbing material installed next.
Therefore, the impact force that can be absorbed is increased, and even if the vehicle collides at a considerable speed, the impact can be effectively buffered and the destruction of the vehicle can be minimized.

In the above-described vehicle crash cushion, the load at which the absorbent support is unlocked is 49 kN or more and 392 kN or more.
When it is set to N or less, when the vehicle collides, the fixing of the absorber support is released while effectively reducing the impact, and the vehicle is less likely to be severely damaged by the impact at the time of the collision.

[0010] In the above-mentioned vehicle crash cushion, a fixing member for fixing the absorbent support so as to be able to be released with a predetermined load is provided at a ground portion of the absorbent support, and the fixing member is provided. If a caster that allows the absorbent support to be moved after release of the
After the fixing of the absorbent support is released due to the breakage or detachment of the fixing member, the caster allows the absorbent support to slide easily.

A second vehicle collision buffer of the present invention comprises a plurality of plate members provided in a vehicle collision direction, and a partition member for partitioning the plate members into a plurality of spaces. Have
An impact absorbing material is present in a space partitioned by the plate-like body and the partition member. Therefore, when a vehicle collides,
In the early stage of a collision in which the shock absorbing effect of the shock absorbing material is weak, the shock is effectively absorbed by receiving an impact force due to its rigidity while the partition member and the plate-like body are deformed to some extent. Then, after the partition member or the plate-shaped body is broken without being able to withstand the impact force, the impact force weakened to some extent by the deformation or destruction exists in the space separated by the plate-shaped body and the partition member. Effectively mitigated by Therefore, immediately after the collision, the shock absorbing material is hardly suddenly compressed and the shock absorbing force is hardly reduced, so that the shock absorbing ability of the shock absorbing material is maximized and the shock at the time of the vehicle collision can be effectively buffered.

In the above-described vehicle crash cushion, when the space partitioned by the plate-shaped member and the partition member is formed in a triangular shape, the plate-shaped member forming the triangular space and the partition member are separated from each other. By buckling in the early stage of a vehicle collision, the impact force is extremely effectively reduced.

[0013] In the above-mentioned vehicle collision buffer, when a load at which at least one of the plate-like body and the partition member starts to be deformed is set to be 49 kN or more and 392 kN or less, a vehicle is crushed when it collides. In addition, the fixing of the absorbent support is released while effectively reducing the impact, and the vehicle is less likely to be severely damaged by the impact at the time of the collision.

In the vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention, when a urethane elastomer having an impact absorption rate of 80% or more and an Asker C hardness of 1 or more and 50 or less is used as the impact absorbing material, the impact absorption rate is reduced. Is 80% or more, and the presence of a urethane elastomer having an Asker C hardness of 1 or more and 50 or less effectively buffers an impact when a vehicle collides,
The damage to the vehicle can be reduced and the safety of the occupant can be improved.

In the vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention, when a polyurethane foam is used as the shock absorbing material, the presence of the polyurethane foam effectively buffers a shock when the vehicle collides, The damage to the vehicle can be reduced and the safety of the occupant can be improved. As the polyurethane foam, those having a ball rebound resilience of about 15% or less are preferably used.

[0016]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are views showing an embodiment of a vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention. The vehicular crash buffer 8 includes an absorbent support 3 having a pipe 2 erected on the upper surface of a disk-shaped base 1, and a donut-shaped shock absorber 4 fitted externally to the pipe 2. It has.

A plurality of (two in this example) pin insertion holes 7 penetrating vertically are formed in the base portion 1, and the absorbent support 3 is fixed to the ground in the pin insertion holes 7. The fixing pin 4 is inserted. Further, a caster 5 for sliding the absorbent support 3 on the ground after the fixing by the fixing pin 4 is released is provided inside the base portion 1.

The fixing pin 4 is pulled out of the ground or broken by the load at the time of the collision of the vehicle, and is broken.
Is released from the ground. The load at which the fixing by the fixing pin 4 is released by the collision of the vehicle (the value obtained by adding the inertial force due to the mass of the vehicle collision buffer itself and the fixing force due to the fixing pin) is 49 kN (5 tf) or more.
It is preferable to set the pressure to 92 kN (40 tf) or less. More preferably, the upper limit of the load is 294 kN.
(30 tf), and more preferably 245 kN (25 tf). A more preferable lower limit of the load is 98 kN (10 tf), and 147 kN.
(15tf) is more preferable.

If the load at which the fixing of the absorbent support 3 is released is less than 49 kN, the fixing of the absorbent support 3 is released immediately at the time of a vehicle collision, and the shock absorption at the initial stage of the collision is not sufficient. On the other hand, if it exceeds 392 kN, the fixation of the absorbent support 3 is not easily released at the time of a vehicle collision, and the vehicle is rather damaged.

The fixing pins 4 used in this example are as follows.
Is set to 196 kN (20 tf). If the load at which the fixing of the absorbent support 3 is released can be set to 196 kN (20 tf),
The number, dimensions, embedded length, and the like of the fixing pins 4 to be used can be appropriately set.

As the impact absorbing material 6, for example, a urethane rubber having a viscosity and elasticity obtained by mixing a curing agent into a neutral urethane elastomer to form a semi-crosslinked state (Gernick; trade name of Nick Co., G base; Nick) Product development center).

As the shock absorbing material 6, for example, polyurethane foam having a ball rebound resilience of about 15% or less (memory foam; trade name of Casey Trading Company, conform form; trade name of EAR Company) ) Are preferably used. Here, the ball rebound resilience can be measured, for example, by a test method specified in ASTM D3574.

As a characteristic of the shock absorbing material 6, the shock absorbing rate is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more. If it is less than 80%, sufficient impact absorption performance cannot be obtained. Asker C hardness is 1 or more and 50 or more.
The following is preferable, and 30 is more preferable as the upper limit of Asker C hardness. If Asker C hardness is less than 1,
The shock absorbing material 6 itself is easily compressed and crushed,
This is because sufficient shock absorption performance cannot be obtained, and if it exceeds 50, it is too hard and inferior in shock absorption performance.

It is preferable that the shock absorbing material 6 has a certain degree of adhesive strength. This is because the shock absorbing material 6 has an adhesive force, so that the shock absorbing material 6 is tightly fixed to the pipe 2 without using an adhesive or the like, thereby greatly facilitating construction. Further, since the pipe 2 and the like and the shock absorbing material 6 are tightly fixed to each other, when the vehicle collides, the pipe 2, the shock absorbing material 6, or the fragments of the vehicle are less likely to be scattered to the surroundings. This is because occurrence can be prevented.

The adhesive strength of the shock absorbing material 6 is 49
0 kPa (0.5 kg / cm ² ) or more 1568 kPa
(1.6 kg / cm ² ) or less is preferable. More preferably, the lower limit of the adhesive force is 980 kPa (1 kg).
/ Cm ² ). 490 kPa (0.5 kg / c
If the value is less than m ² ), adhesion to the pipe 2 or the like is not sufficient,
If it exceeds 1568 kPa (1.6 kg / cm ² ), it becomes difficult to remove the shock absorbing material 6, and the workability is rather deteriorated.

The vehicular collision buffer 8 is, for example, shown in FIG.
As shown in (1), it can be installed and used on an island 42 provided in front of a tollgate such as a highway.

In this example, a plurality (two to four in this example) of the above-described vehicle crash cushions 8 are arranged side by side to form a row, and the rows of the vehicle crash cushions 8 are arranged in a vehicle collision direction (shown in the figure). Are arranged in a plurality of rows (eight rows in this example) along the arrow X).

Then, as shown in FIG. 4, when the vehicle 9 collides from the direction of the arrow X, the vehicle 9 first comes into contact with the vehicle front shock absorber 8. At this time, in the early stage of the collision, the shock absorbing effect of the shock absorbing material 6 is weak, and the shock is absorbed by receiving the impact force due to the rigidity of the absorbing material support 3 fixed to the ground by the fixing pins 4. Then, after the fixing pins 4 are broken or come off the ground and the fixing of the absorbent support 3 is released, the absorbent support 3 in the front row slides with the vehicle, and the shock absorber 6 Is in contact with the vehicle crash buffer 8 in the second row while being buffered. Thereafter, similarly, the shock absorption by the absorbent support 3 and the release of the fixing of the absorbent support 3 are repeated.

Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the absorber support member 3 is successively provided from the first row of the vehicle bumpers 8 to the eighth row of the vehicle bumpers 8 every time a fixed release load is applied. While the fixing is released, the impact force weakened to some extent by the release of the fixing of the absorbent support 3 is successively reduced by the shock absorbing material 6.

As described above, according to the vehicle shock absorber 8, the fixing of the absorber support 3 is released,
In addition to preventing the destruction of the vehicle, the shock absorbing material 6 is hardly reduced immediately after the collision due to sudden compression of the shock absorbing material. Can be very effectively buffered.

In the above-described embodiment, the absorber 2 has a disk-shaped base 1 on which a pipe 2 is erected, and a donut-shaped shock absorber 6 is fitted over the pipe 2. An example was shown, but is not limited to this.
It is also possible to adopt various forms such as a plate-shaped body standing on a box-shaped base portion, and a sheet-shaped shock absorbing material 6 adhered to the plate-shaped body.

FIG. 6 shows a shock absorber for a vehicle according to a second embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of (three or four in this example) steel plate members 11 arranged in the vehicle collision direction X and a plurality of the plate members 11 between the plate members 11 are provided. And a steel partition plate 12 for partitioning the space.

The partition plates 12 are arranged in a zigzag manner between the two plate members 11, and each of the plate members 11 and the partition plate 1 are separated from each other.
2 form a triangular space in plan view. The shock absorbing material 6 is filled in the above triangular space.

In the shock absorber 10 for a vehicle, when the vehicle collides from the direction of the arrow X, the vehicle first comes in contact with the plate-like body 11 in the front row. At this time, in the early stage of the collision, the buffering effect of the shock absorbing material 6 is weak, and the partition plate 1 having a triangular space is formed.
The impact is absorbed by receiving an impact force with rigidity such as 2. When a certain amount of load is applied, the partition plate 12 and the like having a triangular shape buckle and start deforming.

After the partition plate 12 is deformed, the impact is absorbed by the shock absorbing material 6 while the second row of partition plates 12
Load is applied to. Thereafter, similarly, buckling of the partition plate 12 and the like, which sequentially form triangles, occurs.

Here, the buckling load of the plate-like body 11 and the partition plate 12 is 49 kN (5 tf) or more and 392 kN.
(40tf) or less is preferable. More preferably, the upper limit of the load is 294 kN (30 t).
f), and more preferably 245 kN (25 tf). A more preferable lower limit of the load is 98 kN (10 tf), and 147 kN (15 tf).
f) is still more preferable.

More specifically, the plate 11 and the partition 1
When 2 is formed from a steel plate, its thickness is preferably set to 0.5 mm or more and 4 mm or less. The upper limit of the thickness is more preferably 3 mm. Further, the lower limit of the thickness is more preferably 1 mm, and 1.5 mm.
mm is more preferable.

In the shock absorber 10 for a vehicle, the shock absorbing material 6 is hardly reduced immediately after the collision due to the sudden compression of the shock absorbing material 6 so that the shock absorbing ability of the shock absorbing material 6 is maximized. Thus, the shock at the time of a vehicle collision can be effectively buffered.

In the above embodiment, the shock absorbing material 6 is filled in all the triangular spaces. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the shock absorbing material 6 may be filled in every other adjacent space. Filling may be performed to provide an empty space every other one. This allows the partition plate 12 and the like to smoothly buckle when an appropriate load is applied.

FIG. 7 shows a vehicle crash cushion according to a third embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of (three or four in this example) steel plate bodies 11 arranged in the vehicle collision direction X and a plurality of the vehicle shock buffers 14 are provided between the respective plate bodies 11. Are provided. A coil spring 13 is built in the shock absorbing material 6.

In the vehicle shock absorber 14, when the vehicle collides from the direction of the arrow X, the shock absorber 6
And the coil spring 13 in the shock absorbing member 6 receives an impact force to absorb the shock. After the coil spring 13 is deformed by applying a certain load, the shock is absorbed by the shock absorbing material 6.

In the above-described embodiment, a steel plate is used as the plate-like body 11 and the partition plate 12. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and ceramics, concrete, resin, Wood, plywood, F
Various materials such as RP can be used.

In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention is installed on the island 42 provided in front of a tollgate such as a highway has been described. Instead, it can be installed in any place where there is a possibility of vehicle collision, such as a shelter in a tunnel or a median strip.

In the present invention, the shock absorption rate is determined by dropping a steel ball on the shock absorbing material 6 and measuring the vibration transmitted through the shock absorbing material. Measured. That is, a 4.2 mm thick steel plate 16 is placed on the load cell 15 of the three-point support method.
The shock absorbing material 6 having a thickness of 10 mm is placed on the upper surface of the steel plate 16. Then, the maximum impact load H (kg) when the steel ball (φ25 mm, 65 g) 18 held on the stand 17 is naturally dropped by 100 mm is measured. on the other hand,
The maximum impact load G (k) when the shock absorber 6 is not placed
g) is measured. Then, the impact absorption rate (%) is determined by the following equation (1). In the figure, 19 is an electromagnet holding the steel ball 18, 20 is a dynamic strain measuring device (6002F Shinko Communication Industry), and 21 is a wave recorder (8803 Hioki Denki).

[0046]

[Equation 1] (GH) / G × 100

In the present invention, the Asker C hardness refers to a rubber hardness Asker C type (5.0 mm diameter) manufactured by Asker.
8 mm hemispherical indenter with a spring load of 55 g at 0 degree and 455 g at 100 degree
(Similar to Japan Rubber Association Standard SRIS0101).

[0048]

As described above, according to the first vehicle collision buffer of the present invention, when the vehicle collides, the vehicle is fixed to the ground in the early stage of the collision in which the energy absorbing effect of the shock absorbing material is weak. By sufficiently deforming the shock absorbing material by the rigidity of the absorbing material support, the shock is effectively absorbed. After the fixing of the absorber support is released, the absorber support slides together with the vehicle to prevent the vehicle from being destroyed, and is effective by the shock absorbing material whose deformation has been restored to some extent by the release of the fixing. The shock is reduced. Therefore, immediately after the collision, sufficient impact energy is absorbed, and the fixing force of the absorbent support is not released, so that an impact force exceeding the set value is not generated. In other words, the shock absorbing material is hardly compressed so that the shock absorbing force is hardly reduced, so that the shock absorbing ability of the shock absorbing material is maximized, the shock at the time of a vehicle collision can be effectively buffered, and the vehicle is destroyed. Can also be prevented.

Further, according to the second vehicle collision buffer of the present invention, when the vehicle collides, the partition member and the plate-like member are deformed to some extent in the early stage of the collision in which the cushioning effect of the shock absorbing material is weak. By receiving an impact force with its rigidity, the impact is effectively absorbed. Then, after the partition member or the plate-shaped body is broken without being able to withstand the impact force, the impact force weakened to some extent by the deformation or destruction exists in the space separated by the plate-shaped body and the partition member. Effectively mitigated by Therefore, immediately after the collision, the shock absorbing material is hardly suddenly compressed and the shock absorbing force is hardly reduced, so that the shock absorbing ability of the shock absorbing material is maximized and the shock at the time of the vehicle collision can be effectively buffered.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing one embodiment of a vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the vehicle crash cushion.

FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a use state of the vehicle crash cushion.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing a use state of the vehicle crash cushion.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the operation of the vehicle crash cushion.

FIG. 6 is a plan view showing a second embodiment of the vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a plan view showing a third embodiment of a vehicle crash cushion according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing an apparatus for measuring a shock absorption rate.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are explanatory diagrams showing road conditions, wherein FIG. 9A shows the vicinity of a median strip, and FIG. 9B shows the vicinity of a tollgate.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 Absorbent support 4 Fixing pin 5 Caster 6 Shock absorber 8 Collision buffer for vehicles

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takeshi Yamazaki 2-16-1226, Minamiko, Suminoe-ku, Osaka-shi (72) Inventor Hideo Takenaka 1-1-801 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka-shi (72) Inventor Takakatsu Nakajima 2-7-1, Ayumino, Izumi-shi F-term in Osaka Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Institute (reference) 2D101 CA04 EA01 FA00 FA11 FB01 GA12 GA13 GA15 GA17 3J066 AA23 BA01 BA03 BB04 BC01 BD05 BF01 BF12

Claims (9)

[Claims] Claims: 1. A collision buffer for a vehicle, which is provided at a location where the vehicle can collide and absorbs the impact of the collision, wherein an absorber support to which an impact absorbing material is attached is fixed by a load caused by the collision of the vehicle. And a slidable member in a collision direction of the vehicle after the fixing is released. 2. The vehicle crash cushion according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of the absorber supports are provided in a collision direction of the vehicle. 3. The crash cushion for a vehicle according to claim 1, wherein a load for releasing the fixing of the absorbent support is set to 49 kN or more and 392 kN or less. 4. A fixing member for fixing the absorbent support so as to be able to release the fixing with a predetermined load is provided at a ground contact portion of the absorbent support, and the absorbent is fixed after the fixing member is released. The vehicle crash cushion according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising a caster for moving the support. 5. A collision buffer for a vehicle, which is provided at a location where a vehicle can collide and cushions the impact of the collision, wherein a plurality of plate-like members are provided in a collision direction of the vehicle; And a partition member for partitioning between the plurality of spaces, wherein a shock absorbing material is present in a space partitioned by the plate-like body and the partition member. 6. The collision buffer for a vehicle according to claim 5, wherein a space partitioned by the plate-like body and the partition member is formed in a triangular shape. 7. The load at which at least one of the plate-like body and the partition member starts to deform is 49 kN or more and 392 or more.
The vehicle crash cushion according to claim 5 or 6, which is set to kN or less. 8. The shock absorbing material having a shock absorption rate of 8
The vehicle impact buffer according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a urethane elastomer having 0% or more and Asker C hardness of 1 to 50 is used. 9. The vehicle crash cushion according to claim 1, wherein a polyurethane foam is used as the shock absorbing material.