JP2001149049A - Oyster extract having high mineral content and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain an oyster extract containing minor nutrient mineral useful for maintenance and promotion of health and prophylaxis of diseases in high concentration and provide a method for producing the extract and obtain an edible composition useful for promotion of health and prophylaxis of diseases. SOLUTION: This oyster extract is obtained by heating and extracting oyster meat or extract residue obtained by subjecting, at least under pressure, oyster meat to hot water extraction treatment and fractionating the residue under pressure or in normal pressure in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution and concentrating the resultant extracted solution. This edible composition is obtained by formulating the above extract.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an oyster extract containing a high concentration of minerals, a method for producing the same, and use thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Oysters are a general term for bivalve oysters. About 200 oysters are found all over the world, and it is said that there are more than a dozen Japanese oysters. As edible oysters, oyster varieties such as oyster oysters, oysters, saminoe oysters, American oysters, and Portuguese oysters are known. In particular, Japanese oysters are cultivated in Japan and in all parts of the country.
It is provided for edible use in the form of canned products, smoked products, dried oysters and the like. In addition, oyster meat is used as a raw material to prepare an oyster sauce and to collect glycogen and taurine, and lime (oyster ash) and calcium are produced from oyster shells.

[0003] Oysters contain glycogen, taurine, amino acids, vitamins B (B ₂ , B ₆ , B ₁₂ ), minerals (zinc, calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, iodine, etc.). Extracts are manufactured and marketed using oysters as a raw material in order to effectively utilize nutrients and unique umami. Oyster extract is usually
Oyster meat is appropriately chopped and immersed in warm water at 50 to 90 ° C. or boiled in hot water, and then an unextracted solid is separated to obtain an extract, and the extract is concentrated and dried. (JP-B-60-18381). However, the oyster extract obtained by such a method does not efficiently extract and contain the minerals originally contained in oysters. In addition, there is a concern that undesirable heavy metals such as cadmium and arsenic may be contained together with nutritionally important minerals such as zinc, calcium, and magnesium. On the other hand, the extraction residue, which is a by-product solid when collecting the oyster extract, is of such a degree that it is discarded or used for livestock feed, and is not used industrially effectively.

[0004] In recent years, as the nutritional significance of trace minerals has been elucidated, minerals have attracted attention in connection with the occurrence of lifestyle-related diseases and the review of dietary patterns. For example,
Zinc and magnesium have limited physiological storage,
Deficiency is more likely. The human intake is zinc: 15
mg / day, magnesium: 300 mg / day, but the lack of these minerals is remarkable due to the uneven consumption of foods and the frequent use of cooked processed foods. -11 mg / day, magnesium: 2
It is 00 to 250 mg / day (150 mg / day for women).

It is well known that zinc deficiency causes symptoms such as growth deficiency, dysanabolism, decreased immune function, decreased sperm function, impaired taste and reduced appetite, and recently treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. The efficacy of zinc has been recognized. It is known that magnesium deficiency induces lifestyle-related diseases such as hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and arteriosclerosis. And, together with zinc, its efficacy in treating diabetes is also being studied. Calcium is a well-known mineral necessary for bone formation and strengthening.

As described above, zinc and magnesium are minerals that play an important role in maintaining human health and preventing diseases, and various nutraceuticals and health foods have been developed for the purpose of reinforcing and reinforcing them. ing. As a zinc supply source to be mixed with these foods, the above-mentioned oyster extract or zinc-containing yeast is used, but in the conventional oyster extract, about 10% by weight of the amount of zinc contained in raw oysters is used.
Therefore, a large amount of extract must be used, and the zinc-containing yeast has a bad flavor, and there is a concern that inorganic zinc used in culturing the yeast remains. Although dolomite is marketed as a magnesium supply source, there is a problem in its validity as a food material.

[0007]

In view of this situation, the present invention has a long-term dietary experience as a general food ingredient, and is useful for maintaining and improving health and preventing diseases by using oysters, which are safe ingredients, as raw materials. Contains high levels of trace minerals,
An object of the present invention is to provide an oyster extract and a method for producing the same, which have no safety concerns, and further provide an edible composition which can be effectively used for promoting health and preventing disease.

[0008]

The oyster extract having a high mineral content according to the present invention is obtained by heating and extracting oyster meat in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution. Here, the oyster meat is preferably a solid obtained by extracting the oyster meat with hot water at least once under pressure and obtaining a residue thereof. The acidic aqueous solution desirably contains an organic acid, and the organic acid is more preferably acetic acid. In addition, the mineral referred to in the present invention is a nutritionally useful trace element, preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and calcium, and more preferably zinc and magnesium. And / or magnesium.

[0009] The method for producing an oyster extract containing a large amount of minerals according to the above-mentioned subject is characterized in that oyster meat is extracted under heating and under pressure in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution containing acetic acid and having a pH of 6 or less. Alternatively, oyster meat is extracted with hot water at least once under pressure and the solid obtained as a residue is
It is achieved by heating and extracting under normal pressure or under pressure in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution containing acetic acid and having a pH of 6 or less, and concentrating the extract. In this method, it is important to extract the oyster meat in the coexistence of an acidic aqueous solution, and this treatment is performed under a pressure exceeding atmospheric pressure, or is performed in advance under a pressurized state prior to the treatment. When performing the water extraction treatment, it is desirable to carry out the treatment at normal pressure or under a pressurized state. The acidic aqueous solution contains an organic acid and more preferably has a pH of 6 or less, and the organic acid is more preferably acetic acid. In addition, the mineral is a nutritionally useful trace element, preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc, magnesium and calcium, and more preferably zinc and / or magnesium. is there.

[0010] Further, the edible composition of the object is achieved by an edible composition comprising the above-mentioned oyster extract containing high mineral content.

[0011]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, the mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention will be described in more detail below. The mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention is obtained by heating and extracting oyster meat in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution. The oyster, which is a raw material for obtaining this oyster extract, may be anything that has been conventionally used for food, or any other material that does not contain any toxic or harmful substances. It is not limited by the place of production and the harvest time. Specific examples include oysters, American oysters, European oysters, itabogaki, oysters, Portuguese oysters, and the like. The form of the oyster to be subjected to the extraction treatment is arbitrary, and it is desirable to use oyster meat, but oyster meat with an oyster shell may be used. Oyster meat can be raw, frozen, dried and dried, as well as residues that have been extracted with neutral water. Of these, the use of raw or frozen oyster meat or solids that are by-products obtained by extracting the oyster meat with hot water at least once under pressure is efficiently used to achieve the desired effects of the present invention. be able to.

The acidic aqueous solution may be prepared by using an inorganic acid such as phosphoric acid or hydrochloric acid. However, when the mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention is edible, it is preferable to use an organic acid. Examples of the organic acid include lactic acid, acetic acid, butyric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid and the like, and mixed organic acids thereof, and those in which the organic acid is partially salted with sodium or potassium. Citric acid is more preferred, and acetic acid is most preferred. Acetic acid is synthetic vinegar,
Brewed vinegar such as rice vinegar, apple vinegar, fruit vinegar, wine vinegar, kelp vinegar and the like can be used, and these can be used in a mixture at any ratio. Such organic acids are 0.1 to 2
It is used as an aqueous solution of 0% by weight, more preferably 1 to 10% by weight, most preferably 2 to 5% by weight. The pH is 6 or less, preferably 5 to 1.

[0013] In order to efficiently produce the mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention, it is preferable to carry out as follows. That is,
The oyster meat is appropriately chopped, and the acidic aqueous solution is
After heating to about 50 ° C. or more, desirably at atmospheric pressure or more, more preferably 1.1 times or more.
0.5 to 6 kg while maintaining a pressure of 3 to 3 kg / cm ^2.
Soak or boil for a time and with stirring as needed.
Here, the extraction efficiency of minerals is low when the pressurized state remains at atmospheric pressure, while the amount of extracted minerals no longer increases even when the pressure is higher than 3 kg / cm ² . Then, the mixture is cooled to about room temperature, separated into an extract and a solid residue by appropriate means such as filtration and centrifugation, and the extract is adjusted to a suitable pH, followed by drying treatment such as freeze drying or spray drying. To provide the mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention.

[0014] The oyster meat, which is appropriately chopped, is mixed with neutral water 1
After adding 100 times the amount and immersing or boiling in the same heating and pressurized state as described above, the extract and the residue are separated, and the solid solution obtained as the residue is added with the acidic aqueous solution in an amount of 1 to 100 times the amount of about 50%. Heat above ℃, under normal pressure or under pressure,
More preferably, it is immersed or boiled for 0.5 to 6 hours while stirring, if necessary, while maintaining a pressure state of 1.1 to 3 kg / cm ² . Then, thereafter, the same treatment as in the case of using the acidic aqueous solution described above, and further appropriately performed together with the extract using the neutral water, to obtain a mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention. it can. The residual solid by-produced by the extraction using neutral water is preferably one that has been extracted at least once or more under pressure, but may be one that has not been extracted under pressure. By performing an extraction treatment using an acidic aqueous solution under pressure, an extract of the present invention having the same desired effect can be prepared.

The mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention contains the same level of taurine and glycogen contained in ordinary oyster extracts produced by conventional extraction methods, and also contains various minerals in high concentrations. Features.
The content of minerals varies depending on the type of oyster meat and the place of production as well as the type of acidic aqueous solution used for the extraction process, the pH and the amount used for the oyster meat.
An oyster extract rich in one or more minerals selected from the group consisting of magnesium and calcium, and further containing a large amount of zinc and / or magnesium. More specifically, the oyster extract powder obtained by the conventional method generally contains zinc: 200 to
500 ppm, magnesium: 1,500-3,000
ppm and calcium: 500 to 1,500 ppm, but in the mineral-rich oyster extract powder of the present invention, approximately 1,000 to 5,000 ppm,
000-4,000 ppm and 1,000-3,000
It is 0 ppm. Further, most of zinc and calcium are contained as organic substances. The oyster extract powder according to the conventional method contains cadmium: 0.1 to 1 ppm and arsenic: 10 to 30 ppm. In the oyster extract with high mineral content of the present invention, cadmium is about 0.1 ppm and arsenic: 0.1. -5 ppm, and there are few harmful trace metals. In addition, the mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention,
This can be used for various purposes by appropriately adjusting the pH.

In the present invention, an oyster extract containing a large amount of minerals as described above is obtained, and an edible composition containing the extract is suitable for industrially effective use of the extract. That is, the mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention,
It can be used in the same manner as conventional oyster extract, and it can be used as it is as liquid, gel or solid food, such as soft drink, juice, tea, dressing, soup, jelly, pudding,
Add to yogurt, sprinkle, gum, candy, cake mix, powdery or liquid dairy products, bread, cookies, etc., powder or granules with excipients such as starch, dextrin, lactose, dyes, flavors etc. as appropriate It can be processed as tablets, tablets or the like, or formed into capsules using a coating material such as gelatin, and used as health foods or dietary supplements.
The edible composition of the present invention is not limited to these examples. In addition, in the edible composition, the amount of the oyster extract having a high mineral content of the present invention cannot be uniformly defined depending on the type and state of the edible composition, but is generally about 0.1.
-50% by weight, more preferably 1-30% by weight.
When the amount is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of mineral supplementation by eating and ingestion of glycogen and taurine is small, and
If it exceeds 0% by weight, the flavor may be impaired or the edible composition may not be prepared depending on the type of the edible composition. Incidentally, the mineral-rich oyster extract itself of the present invention has almost the same color tone and flavor as the conventional oyster extract, has no bitterness, has a unique taste of the oyster extract, and is used as it is as an edible composition for edible use. I can do it.

[0017]

EXAMPLES 1 to 9 Raw oysters and an acidic aqueous solution (Examples 1 to 5: 3% by weight acetic acid aqueous solution,
9: Edible rice vinegar (acetic acid concentration: 4.5% by weight) was charged in the ratio shown in Table 1 and boiled under a pressure of 1.3 kg / cm ² for about 1 hour. Then cool the contents to room temperature,
The extract was separated into an extract and a residue by centrifugation (5,000 rpm, 10 minutes), and the mineral content of the extract except arsenic was measured by the atomic absorption method, and the arsenic content was measured by the spectrophotometric method. The amount of extraction was determined. The results are summarized in Table 1. In addition, each numerical value of the mineral extraction amount was represented by each mineral weight (mg) per unit weight (kg) of raw oysters.

[0018]

[Table 1]

From Table 1, it was revealed that an oyster extract rich in nutritionally important minerals such as zinc, magnesium and calcium can be produced from raw oysters using the above acidic aqueous solution. The smaller the usage ratio of the acidic aqueous solution with respect to the raw oysters, the greater the amount of zinc extracted, and the higher the zinc content in the total amount of the three types of mineral extraction, zinc, magnesium and calcium (for example, in Example 5, 3
4%), as the magnification of use of the acidic aqueous solution increases, the amount of magnesium and calcium extracted increases, and the amount of zinc extracted decreases (for example, Examples 1 and 6).
It was observed that the total amount of extracted minerals increased. On the other hand, both cadmium and arsenic extracted from raw oysters were extremely small.

Comparative Examples 1 and 2 In Example 5, 100 liters of a 3% by weight aqueous acetic acid solution was replaced with the same amount of neutral water, and the pressure was increased to 1.3 kg / cm ² (Comparative Example 1) or normal pressure (Comparative Example). Except for the extraction in 2), the treatment was performed under the same conditions, and the amount of extracted mineral was analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1. Extraction with neutral water showed that zinc, magnesium and calcium were only slightly contained in the extract.

Example 10 10 kg of raw oysters and 10 liters of rice vinegar (acetic acid concentration: 4.5% by weight) were charged into a stainless steel pressure-resistant extraction kettle.
The mixture was boiled under a pressure of kg / cm ² for 1 hour. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and filtered to obtain a clear extract, which was concentrated under reduced pressure and spray-dried to prepare 1.1 kg of the oyster extract powder of the present invention. The contents of glycogen, taurine and minerals in this oyster extract powder were as shown in Table 2. From this result, the oyster extract powder obtained by pressure extraction using an acidic aqueous solution contains glycogen and taurine at the same level as when neutral water is used, and the contents of zinc, magnesium and calcium increase. In particular, it was confirmed that the extraction rate of zinc was remarkably increased, while cadmium and arsenic were trace amounts.

[0022]

[Table 2]

Comparative Example 3 The procedure of Example 10 was repeated except that 10 liters of rice vinegar was replaced with the same amount of neutral water to obtain 715 g of oyster extract powder. Table 2 shows the contents of glycogen, taurine and minerals in the oyster extract powder.

Examples 11 and 12 In Example 4, 100 liters of a 3% by weight aqueous acetic acid solution was replaced with the same amount of a 4% by weight aqueous citric acid solution (Example 11) or a 4% by weight aqueous tartaric acid solution (Example 12). An extract was obtained by treating under the same conditions. When the mineral content in each extract was measured in the same manner, the raw oyster 1k
The amount of mineral extracted per g was 155 mg for zinc and 215 m for magnesium when using the citric acid aqueous solution.
g and calcium: 206 mg, and zinc: 137 mg, magnesium: 183 mg and calcium: 235 mg when the aqueous tartaric acid solution is used,
Although the extraction rates of zinc and magnesium were slightly lower than when using a 3% by weight acetic acid aqueous solution, the extraction rate of minerals was higher than when using neutral water.

Examples 13 and 14 Differences in the amount of minerals extracted from oyster extract residues were examined. That is, neutral water is added to raw oysters, boiled in a pressurized state (1.3 kg / cm ² ), and extracted for 10 kg of oyster residues.
After adding 100 liters and boiling under pressure (1.3 kg / cm ² ) (Example 13) or normal pressure (Example 14) for 1 hour, centrifugation (5,000 rpm, 15 minutes) An extract was prepared. As a control, 100 liters of a 5% by weight acetic acid aqueous solution was replaced with the same amount of neutral water, and the same treatment was performed under the same pressurized state to obtain an extract. Table 3 shows the results of measuring the mineral content in each extract. In the table, the amount of each mineral extracted is 1k oyster residue
It was shown as a value per g.

[0026]

[Table 3]

According to this data, oyster meat was boiled in neutral water,
The residue produced as a by-product when the oyster extract extract is collected by the extraction treatment contains minerals, and the remaining minerals in the residue are efficiently boiled under acidic pressure or simply boiled with an acidic aqueous solution. It became clear that it was extracted. In addition, the residual mineral in this residue is hardly extracted even if it boiled under pressure using neutral water.

Examples 15 and 16 Extracts obtained by extracting raw oysters with a 3% by weight aqueous acetic acid solution in Example 3, and extracts obtained by extracting raw oysters with edible rice vinegar in Example 7 And the form of the mineral (organic or inorganic) contained in each extract was determined by the following method. That is, the extract was freeze-dried to obtain an oyster extract powder, 1 g of the powder was dissolved in 25 ml of distilled water, and centrifuged (1,500 rpm).
m, 5 minutes) to obtain a clear aqueous solution. In this example, no insoluble matter was detected by centrifugation. Then, while stirring the aqueous solution, ethanol (99.5 v / v%) was gradually added until the formation of a white precipitate was not observed, and the mixture was centrifuged (3,000 rpm).
m, 5 minutes) to separate the precipitate from the solution part. The precipitate is dispersed in 10 ml of 5% (v / v) aqueous ethanol,
Again, the precipitate was separated from the solution by centrifugation in the same manner. This solution part was combined with the previous solution part, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to obtain a solid, and the weight was measured. This was defined as the inorganic mineral content. On the other hand, the precipitate was dried and then weighed to determine the organic mineral content. Table 4 shows the respective content ratios of the organic mineral and the inorganic mineral calculated from the both.

[0029]

[Table 4]

From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that in the oyster extract prepared by the method of the present invention, about 80% or more of zinc contained therein is an organic substance, and similarly, about 7% of calcium is contained in calcium.
It is clear that 5% or more are organic substances, whereas magnesium is more inorganic in these substances. The protein content (by Kjeldahl method; the same applies hereinafter) in the oyster extract powder obtained in Example 15, ie, the oyster extract powder obtained by extracting and drying a raw oyster with a 3% by weight aqueous acetic acid solution, was 24.3% by weight. Example 16
, The protein content in the oyster extract powder obtained by similarly treating raw oyster with edible rice vinegar was 35.6% by weight. In consideration of this result and the above-mentioned mineral form ratio, it is desirable to use rice vinegar as an extraction solution in order to extract a large amount of organic minerals.

Example 17 A 15% by weight aqueous solution of reduced malt syrup (maltitol) was sprayed on 10 kg of the oyster extract powder prepared in Example 10, and the resulting mixture was supplied to a high-speed stirring granulator (high-speed mixer, manufactured by Fukae Paulek). After granulation, drying and sieving (10-8
(0 Tyler mesh) to produce a granular edible composition. It has good flavor and texture, and is suitable as a food for nourishment by replenishing energy sources and proteins, a food for supplementing the mineral, a food for preventing various diseases induced by the mineral deficiency, and the like. It can be used for

[0032]

According to the present invention, raw oysters or a residue obtained by extracting raw oysters with hot water at least under pressure is used as a raw material to efficiently and efficiently produce nutrients such as zinc, magnesium and calcium. It is possible to produce an oyster extract containing a high concentration of minerals that are important in nature and containing only a small amount of cadmium or arsenic. The oyster extract of the present invention contains the same level of glycogen and taurine as compared to conventional ones, and also contains high concentrations of minerals, especially zinc, calcium and magnesium, and most of zinc and calcium are trace metals essential for living organisms. It is characterized by being present as an organic substance which is said to have excellent absorbability. Further, the content and the content ratio of the mineral can be easily adjusted by the ratio between the raw material and the acidic aqueous solution as the extraction solution. For this reason, the mineral-rich oyster extract of the present invention can be applied to various foods and drinks including health foods and dietary supplements in order to supplement the minerals in addition to the characteristics of the conventional oyster extract.

Claims (8)

[Claims] 1. A mineral-rich oyster extract obtained by heating and extracting oyster meat in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution. 2. The oyster extract according to claim 1, wherein the oyster meat is a solid obtained by extracting the oyster meat with hot water at least once under pressure and obtaining a residue thereof. 3. The oyster extract according to claim 1, wherein the acidic aqueous solution contains an organic acid. 4. The oyster extract according to claim 3, wherein the organic acid is acetic acids. 5. The oyster extract according to claim 1, wherein the mineral is at least one member selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium, and magnesium. 6. Oyster meat is extracted under heating and pressure under the coexistence of an acidic aqueous solution containing acetic acid and having a pH of 6 or less, or oyster meat is extracted with hot water at least one time under pressure, The solid obtained as the residue contains acetic acid,
A method for producing a mineral-rich oyster extract, comprising heating and extracting under normal pressure or under pressure in the presence of an acidic aqueous solution having a pH of 6 or less, and concentrating any of the above-mentioned extracts. 7. The method for producing an oyster extract according to claim 6, wherein the mineral is one or more selected from the group consisting of zinc, calcium and magnesium. 8. An edible composition containing the mineral-rich oyster extract according to any one of claims 1 to 5.