JP2000117088A - New destructive and reactive emulsifier and polymer modifying method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve stability at emulsion polymerization by using a compd. expressed by a specified formula having 1,3-dioxolane ring easily decomposable under acidic condition and together with a copolymerizable unsatd. group in the same molecule as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization. SOLUTION: The compd. expressed by the formula is used as the emulsifier for emulsion polymerization. In the formula, each of R1 and R2 is a 1-20C alkyl or alkenyl or hydrogen atom and may be the same as or different from each other (but R1 and R2 are not hydrogen simultaneously), and R3 is hydrogen atom or methyl and R4 and R5 are hydrogen atom or methyl. (A) is a 2-4C alkylene or substd. alkylene, (n) is an integer of 1-200, and when (n) is >=2, (A) may be the homopolymer consisting of one kind repeating unit or the block copolymer or random copolymer having different substd. groups and consisting of >=2 kind repeating units.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a 1,3-dioxolane ring which is easily decomposed under acidic conditions in the same molecule,
The present invention relates to a novel reactive emulsifier comprising a compound having a copolymerizable unsaturated group, and further relates to a method for modifying a polymer using the novel decomposable reactive emulsifier.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, emulsifiers for emulsion polymerization include, for example, dodecylbenzene sulfonate, alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfosuccinate, polyoxyalkylene alkyl (aryl) ether sulfate. Anionic surfactants such as ester salts, polyoxyalkylene alkyl (aryl)
Ethers, nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymers, etc.Also, soaps such as higher fatty acid soaps and rosin soaps are used alone or in combination, but the stability of the polymer emulsion,
In addition, the properties of the coating film and polymer obtained from the emulsion are not always sufficiently satisfactory, and many problems remain to be solved. That is, there is a problem in polymerization stability of the emulsion, foam trouble in the process, mechanical stability of the obtained emulsion, chemical stability, freeze-thaw stability, pigment miscibility, storage stability, and the like. When a coating film is formed, the used emulsifier remains in the coating film in a free state, which causes problems such as poor water resistance, adhesion, heat resistance, and weather resistance of the coating film.

Further, when the emulsion is destroyed by means of salting out, acid precipitation or the like, and the polymer is taken out and an emulsifier remains in the polymer, if the obtained polymer has water resistance, heat resistance, weather resistance, There is a problem that various polymer properties such as strength are reduced. Therefore, a large amount of washing water is required to sufficiently remove the emulsifier in the polymer, and furthermore, a large amount of emulsifier is contained in the wastewater, which causes river pollution, so that a great deal of water is required for the removal of the emulsifier and wastewater treatment. There was a problem that labor was required.

[0004] As a countermeasure, there have been attempted methods such as a reduction in the amount of an emulsifier used during emulsion polymerization and a reduction in the amount of a surfactant added in another step. It cannot be a fundamental solution, and a sufficient solution has not yet been achieved in terms of polymerization stability during emulsion polymerization, stability of the obtained emulsion, and various physical properties of a coating film and a polymer.

[0005] From such a viewpoint, many reactive emulsifiers having a copolymerizable unsaturated group have been proposed in order to solve the problems of the conventional emulsifiers. For example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 46-1
2472, JP-A-54-14431, JP-B-46-
No. 34894, JP-B-54-29657, JP-A-Sho 51
JP-A-30285, JP-B-49-46291 and JP-A-56-122767 describe anionic reactive surfactants, and JP-A-56-28208 and JP-A-50-98484. And the like describe nonionic reactive surfactants, respectively, and emulsion polymerization of various monomers has been attempted.

However, when these reactive emulsifiers are used alone as an emulsifier, the stability at the time of emulsion polymerization is insufficient, and when used, polymerization may not proceed smoothly unless used in combination with a conventional emulsifier. In many cases, a coating film obtained from the emulsion has not yet been sufficiently satisfactory in water resistance, adhesiveness, heat resistance, and weather resistance.

[0007] When a polymer is taken out by breaking an emulsion, the use of a reactive emulsifier has been attempted for the purpose of reducing the drainage load. When the emulsion is destroyed and the polymer is recovered, the precipitation and separation of the polymer are incomplete,
In many cases, the polymer cannot be easily removed or the polymer recovery rate decreases.In addition, the conventional reactive emulsifier does not always have sufficient copolymerizability with the monomer, so the unreacted emulsifier is discharged. Spilled into the area and did not sufficiently solve the problem of drainage load.

As a measure for solving these problems, a technique has been proposed in which a decomposable surfactant which is easily decomposed by a chemical treatment is used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization from a viewpoint different from a reactive emulsifier. For example, JP-A-3-28
No. 1602 discloses a technique in which a decomposable surfactant which is easily decomposed by acid treatment is used as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, and a polymer is easily recovered by acid precipitation. However, in the case of a decomposable emulsifier, depending on the type of hydrophobic group or hydrophilic group in the emulsifier molecule, the decomposition product after acid treatment may be poorly soluble in water or adsorbed on the polymer, and a large amount of polymer washing may be performed. Water is required, and after the polymer is washed, decomposition products remaining in the polymer in a free state may adversely affect the properties of the polymer,
The above problems have not been sufficiently solved.

Conventionally, various surfactants have been used for the purpose of modifying the polymer, and they have been imparted with hydrophilicity, antistatic property, antifogging property, wettability, film forming property, compatibility, etc. , Are used for various purposes. However,
In the conventional surfactant, the surfactant is present in a free state, so that the performance decreases with time, and the performance is not sufficiently satisfactory. In recent years, attempts have been made to use a reactive emulsifier as a polymer modifier to improve these problems.However, conventional reactive emulsifiers do not always have sufficient copolymerizability with monomers, and therefore have poor performance. The problem of a decrease over time has not been completely solved, and further, there have been problems such as deterioration of various physical properties of the polymer. In addition, the reactive emulsifier is essentially an emulsifier, and its structure is composed of a hydrophobic group site and a hydrophilic group site. For the purpose of polymer modification, for example, for imparting hydrophilicity, the hydrophobic group site is necessarily required for imparting performance. Rather, in many cases the polymer properties are generally adversely affected, and the above-mentioned problems have not been sufficiently solved.

[Object of the Invention] The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and has as its object to improve the stability during emulsion polymerization, and to provide a coating film obtained from an emulsion. The water resistance, adhesion, heat resistance, and weather resistance of the polymer are remarkably improved.Furthermore, when the polymer is recovered, the polymer emulsion can be easily broken, and the physical properties of the obtained polymer can be significantly improved. To provide a type reactive emulsifier.

[0011]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of such conventional problems. (1) History of the Invention The present inventors have conducted intensive studies and as a result, within the same molecule,
The present inventors have found that a compound having both a 1.3-dioxolane ring which easily decomposes under acidic conditions and a copolymerizable unsaturated group is suitable as an emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, and has reached the present invention.

(2) Summary of the Invention Based on the above findings, the present invention provides a decomposable reactive emulsifier for emulsion polymerization represented by the following general formula (I) (hereinafter referred to as “the present decomposable reactive emulsifier” or (Hereinafter simply referred to as “the emulsifier of the present invention”).

Embedded image Wherein R ¹ and R ² are the same or different and have 1 to 1 carbon atoms
20 alkyl or alkenyl groups or hydrogen atoms (provided that R ¹ and R ² are not both hydrogen atoms), R ³ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are a hydrogen atom or a methyl A group (R ⁴ and R ⁵ may be the same or different from each other), A is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted alkylene group, and n is 1 to 200
When n is 2 or more, (AO) n may be a homopolymer composed of one type of repeating unit represented by the following formula (i), or represented by the following formula (ii) Block polymer or random polymer comprising two or more types of repeating units having different substituents A (A ¹ , A ² ,...). ] - (AO) - (AO ) - (AO) - (i) - (A 1 O) n 1 - (A 2 O) n 2 - ...... ( _{where, n 1 + n 2 + ......} = n) ( ii)

(3) Substituent In the compound of the above general formula (I), the substituents R ¹ and R ²
Are the same or different alkyl groups or alkenyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms. Examples of the alkyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, a heptyl group and an octyl group. Group, nonyl group, decyl group, undecyl group, dodecyl group,
Examples include a tridecyl group, a tetradecyl group, a pentadecyl group, a hexadecyl group, a heptadecyl group, an octadecyl group, a nonadecyl group, an icosyl group, and the like. Further, as the alkenyl group, preferably, a propenyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, a heptenyl group, an octenyl group, a nonenyl group, a decenyl group, an undecenyl group, a dodecenyl group, a tridocenyl group, a tetradecenyl group, a pentadecenyl group, a hexadecenyl group, Examples include a heptadecenyl group, an octadecenyl group, a nonadecenyl group, an icosenyl group, and the like.

The above alkyl group and alkenyl group may be present in the compound of the formula (I). Note that R
^{When 1} , ² is a hydrocarbon group having more than 20 carbon atoms,
When recovering the polymer by the acid precipitation method, there arises a problem that the decomposition product of the emulsifier becomes hardly soluble or insoluble in water, hot water or alcohols, and may be easily adsorbed to the polymer.

R ³ , R ⁴ and R ⁵ are a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. Note that R ⁴ and R ⁴ bonded to the same carbon atom
⁵ may be the same as each other or may be different.
A is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted alkylene group, such as an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, or an isobutylene group.

N is an integer of 1 to 200, more preferably 5 to 100. When n is 2 or more, (AO) _n in the general formula (I) may be a homopolymer composed of one type of repeating unit (see the above formula (i)) or a different substituent A (A ^It may be a block polymer or a random polymer (see the above formula (ii)) composed of two or more types of repeating units having ¹ , A ² ,... When n is 2 or more, (AO) _n may be a mixture of compounds each of which is a homopolymer, a block polymer, or a random polymer.

The group represented by the general formula (I), -C
(R ³ ) = C (R ⁴ ) -R ⁵ may be bonded to any of ortho, meta and para, but is preferably bonded to para.

(4) Synthesis The reaction conditions for obtaining the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention are not particularly limited. First, a 1,3-dioxolan compound having a long-chain alkyl group (Chemical Formula 3) For example,
It can be obtained by subjecting a long-chain aldehyde or long-chain ketone and glycerin to a dehydration condensation reaction in the presence of an acid catalyst. Further, a cyclic acetal such as α, β-alkylidene glycerin, for example, 1,2-isopropylidene glycerin is acetylated, and then subjected to an acetal exchange reaction with a long-chain aldehyde or a long-chain ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst. Later, it can be obtained by hydrolysis.

Further, the 1,3-dioxolane compound ([Chemical Formula 3]) is reacted with vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether and the like by heating in the presence of a catalyst. Of the present invention can be obtained.

Embedded image (R ¹ and R ² are the same as in Chemical Formula 1).

(5) Monomer for Emulsion Polymerization The monomer applicable to the emulsion polymerization using the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention includes various types, such as acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, and acrylic acid. Acrylic monomers such as butyl, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, hydroxy acrylate, aromatic monomers such as styrene and divinylbenzene, vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, and vinylidene chloride And conjugated diolefin monomers such as butadiene, isoprene, and chloroprene, as well as ethylene, maleic anhydride, and methyl maleate. In addition, the monomer used is not limited to the above. The decomposition type reactive emulsifier of the present invention can be used for emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization of one or more of the above monomers.

(6) Polymerization Conditions In the emulsion polymerization reaction using the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention, a conventionally known polymerization initiator can be used. However, the decomposition-type reactive emulsifier of the present invention decomposes under acidic conditions.
When a persulfate such as ammonium persulfate or potassium persulfate which is a general polymerization initiator for emulsion polymerization is used as a polymerization initiator, it is necessary to maintain the pH at 4 or more. It is necessary to maintain the pH of the polymerization system under suitable conditions. Therefore, in the emulsion polymerization reaction using the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention, a redox-based polymerization initiator which has a small pH change during polymerization and is easy to control the pH is preferable as the polymerization initiator. As the redox polymerization initiator, cumene hydroperoxide, diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide, paramenthane hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and the like can be used. Further, as a pH adjuster, sodium hydrogen carbonate,
Disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and the like can be used.

As the polymerization accelerator, sodium pyrobisulfite, sodium bisulfite, ferrous sulfate, glucose, formaldehyde sodium sulfoxide, ascorbic acid and its sodium salt, and the like can be used.

The amount of the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention used in the emulsion polymerization system is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of all monomers. More preferably, 0.2 to 8.0 parts by weight is appropriate. When the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention is used for the purpose of modifying a polymer, the amount used can be determined according to the type of monomer, the purpose of the modification, and the required performance. However, the amount used is not limited to the above range.

If necessary, other types of emulsifiers or protective colloid agents, chain transfer agents, electrolytes, etc. may be used in combination. Further, the method of adding the monomer and the polymerization initiator to the polymerization system is not particularly limited, and any of the methods applied in the conventional emulsion polymerization, such as a batch addition method, a continuous addition method, and a divided addition method, , Etc., and conditions can be appropriately selected.

(Action) The decomposition type reactive emulsifier of the present invention comprises:
It is a novel emulsifier for emulsion polymerization characterized by having, in its molecule, a 1,3-dioxolane ring which is easily decomposed under acidic conditions and a copolymerizable unsaturated group.

By using the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention, in the emulsion polymerization system, the polymerization proceeds essentially and smoothly as an emulsifier, and at the same time, the copolymerizable unsaturated group in the molecule is used. Reacts with the monomer and is incorporated into the polymer composition, and the foaming, mechanical stability, storage stability, etc. of the resulting polymer emulsion are significantly improved.

Further, in the coating film formed from the obtained polymer emulsion, the amount of the emulsifier existing in a free state is remarkably reduced, and the water resistance, adhesiveness, heat resistance, weather resistance, etc. of the coating film are reduced. It is extremely effective in improving film properties.

After the emulsion polymerization, an organic or inorganic acid is added to the polymer emulsion to lower the pH, whereby the 1,3-dioxolane ring in the decomposable reactive emulsifier molecule of the present invention is decomposed, and the emulsifier is decomposed. Loses its performance as
The polymer can be easily separated and recovered.

The polymer emulsion obtained by using the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention can easily break the dispersion state of the polymer emulsion at any time, and can also recover and wash the polymer. This is very effective in that the total amount of organic substances discharged in the wastewater of the subsequent process can be reduced.

Further, when the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention is used for the purpose of modifying a polymer, the compatibility with a monomer can be improved as an emulsifier. Can be given only a hydrophilic site,
The polymer has the effect of modifying the polymer, such as imparting hydrophilicity, imparting antistatic properties, imparting anti-fogging properties, imparting wettability, and imparting compatibility for polymer alloys, and has a long-lasting performance. It is very effective in that it can be maintained.

[0031]

Embodiment of the present invention

The embodiments and effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples. However, the exemplification is merely for explanation, and is not intended to limit or limit the inventive idea. In the following description, “%” and “parts” mean weight basis, respectively.

Production Example 1 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube was charged with 198 g of 2-tridecanone and glycerin-1.
10 g, benzene was added as a solvent, and paratoluenesulfonic acid was further added as a catalyst, and the mixture was subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction under reflux conditions for 24 hours. Then, the obtained crude reaction product was washed with an aqueous potassium carbonate solution and further distilled water. , And distilled under reduced pressure to give 2-methyl-2-undecyl-4.
-Hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane was obtained. Next, 272 g (1 mol) of 2-methyl-2-undecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan was added to the reactor.
Was added, a boron trifluoride etherate complex was added as a catalyst, and 190 g (1 mol) of vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether was added dropwise at a temperature of up to 50 ° C., followed by aging at 50 ° C. for 6 hours. Next, the obtained reaction product was transferred to an autoclave, and the boron trifluoride etherate was used as a catalyst,
A 30 mol ethylene oxide adduct obtained by adding 1320 g (30 mol) of ethylene oxide under the conditions of a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm ² and 50 ° C. was defined as a decomposition-type reactive emulsifier [A] of the present invention (hereinafter, referred to as “A”). “Ethylene oxide” may be simply described as “EO”). In the same manner, 3520 g (80 mol) of ethylene oxide was added,
The obtained ethylene oxide 80 mol adduct was used as the decomposable reactive emulsifier [B] of the present invention.

Embedded image

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Production Example 2 198 g of 7-tridecanone and glycerin 1 were placed in a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a nitrogen gas inlet tube.
10 g, benzene was added as a solvent, and paratoluenesulfonic acid was further added as a catalyst, and the mixture was subjected to a dehydration condensation reaction under reflux conditions for 24 hours. Then, the obtained crude reaction product was washed with an aqueous potassium carbonate solution and further distilled water. , And distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 2,2-dihexyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan. Next, 2,2-dihexyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,2 was added to the reactor.
After charging 272 g (1 mol) of 3-dioxolan, triethylamine was added as a catalyst, and 190 g (1 mol) of vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether was added dropwise.
The temperature was raised to 5 ° C. and further aged at 115 ° C. for 4 hours. Next, the obtained reaction product was transferred to an autoclave, and the pressure was 1.5 kg / cm ² , using sodium hydroxide as a catalyst.
Under conditions of 130 ° C., 660 g of ethylene oxide (15 g
Mol) was used as the decomposable reactive emulsifier [C] of the present invention. Also,
In the same manner, 2,200 g (50 mol) of ethylene oxide was added, and the resulting adduct of 50 mol of ethylene oxide was designated as a decomposition-type reactive emulsifier [D] of the present invention.

Embedded image

Embedded image

Production Example 3 1,2-isopropylidene glycerin 13 was added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a nitrogen gas inlet tube.
After adding pyridine as a catalyst to 2 g and 142 g of acetic anhydride, and reacting under reflux conditions for 1 hour, acetylation was performed.
Distillation under reduced pressure gave acetyl-1,2-isopropylideneglycerin. Next, 174 g of acetyl-1,2-isopropylideneglycerin and 184 g of n-dodecanal
g, benzene was added as a solvent, and paratoluenesulfonic acid was further added as a catalyst, and an acetal exchange reaction was performed under reflux conditions. Then, after decomposing the ester site under reflux conditions by adding an ethanol solution of sodium hydroxide,
The crude reaction product obtained by topping the ethanol under reduced pressure was extracted with diethyl ether and further washed three times with distilled water. Subsequently, after the diethyl ether layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, diethyl ether was topped under reduced pressure, and further distilled under reduced pressure to obtain 2-undecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolan. Next, 2-
Undecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane (258 g, 1 mol) was charged, potassium hydroxide was added as a catalyst, and then methyl vinylbenzyl glycidyl ether (204 g, 1 mol) was added dropwise. And aged at 100 ° C. for 4 hours. Next, the obtained reaction product was transferred to an autoclave, and butylene oxide 216 (3 mol) was first added under the conditions of a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm ² and 140 ° C. using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. Under the conditions of a pressure of 1.5 kg / cm ² and 130 ° C., 4400 g (100 mol) of ethylene oxide
The adduct of 3 moles of butylene oxide and 100 moles of ethylene oxide obtained by the addition of was used as the decomposable reactive emulsifier [E] of the present invention (hereinafter, “butylene oxide” is simply referred to as “B”).
O ").

Embedded image

Production Example 4 According to Production Example 1, 2-tridecanone and glycerin were used to prepare 2-methyl-2-undecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-
1,3-Dioxolane was obtained, then reacted with methylvinylbenzylglycidyl ether, and further added with 30 mol of ethylene oxide to give the decomposable reactive emulsifier [F] of the present invention.
I got In addition, 80 mol of ethylene oxide was added by the same operation to obtain the decomposable reactive emulsifier [G] of the present invention.

Embedded image

Embedded image

Production Example 5 According to Production Example 1, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane was obtained from n-octanal and glycerin, and then reacted with methylvinylbenzyl glycidyl ether. By adding a mole, a decomposition-type reactive emulsifier [H] of the present invention was obtained.

Embedded image

Production Example 6 According to Production Example 1, 2-pentyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dioxolane was obtained from n-hexanal and glycerin, and then reacted with methylvinylbenzyl glycidyl ether. 2 mol, then 4 mol of butylene oxide and further 80 mol of ethylene oxide were added to obtain the decomposable reactive emulsifier [I] of the present invention.

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Preparation Example 7 According to Preparation Example 1, 2-heptadecyl-4-hydroxymethyl-1,3 was prepared from n-octadecanal and glycerin.
-Dioxolane was obtained, then reacted with methylvinylbenzyl glycidyl ether, and 50 mol of ethylene oxide and 5 mol of propylene oxide were added at random to obtain a decomposable reactive emulsifier [J] of the present invention (hereinafter referred to as "propylene oxide"). May be simply described as “PO”).

Embedded image

Use Example 1 A reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer and a dropping funnel was charged with 294 g of ion-exchanged water and 0.5 g of sodium hydrogen carbonate, heated to 80 ° C., and vented with nitrogen gas. To remove dissolved oxygen in the water. Next, 6 g of the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention shown in Table 1 was dissolved in 100 g of butyl acrylate and 100 g of styrene, and 41 g corresponding to 20% of the emulsifier was charged into the reactor, and then 0.5 g of ammonium persulfate was added. In addition, it was prepolymerized. Subsequently, 165 g of a mixture of the remaining monomer and the emulsifier was dropped and polymerized over 3 hours from 10 minutes after the start of polymerization. Subsequently, after aging for 2 hours at the polymerization temperature, the mixture was cooled and the emulsion was taken out to obtain a test sample. Table 1 shows the results of each test for the amount of aggregates at the time of this emulsion polymerization, the solid content of the obtained emulsion, mechanical stability, foamability, the reaction rate of the emulsifier, and the water resistance of the polymer film prepared from this emulsion.
It was shown to. For comparison, Table 1 shows the results of emulsion polymerization performed without adding sodium bicarbonate. Further, the same test was carried out for the conventional emulsifiers shown in Table 1.

[0040]

[Table 1] (Solid content): 2 g of the emulsion was dried at 105 ° C. for 2 hours, and then weighed and weighed to the weight of the weighed emulsion.
displayed. (Aggregate amount): The emulsion was filtered through a 150-mesh wire gauze, the residue was washed with water, and dried, and the weight of the obtained aggregate was expressed in% with respect to the charged monomer weight. (Mechanical stability): 50 g of the emulsion was stirred with a Marlon-type tester at a load of 10 kg and a rotation speed of 1,000 rpm for 5 minutes, and the formed aggregate was filtered through a 150-mesh wire mesh.
The residue was washed with water and dried, and its weight was expressed in% with respect to the solid content of the emulsion. (Foaming property): The emulsion was diluted 2-fold with ion-exchanged water, 30 cc was placed in a 100 ml Nessler tube, shaken for 1 minute, and the amount of foam after 5 minutes of standing was measured. (Emulsifier reaction rate): Methanol was added to the emulsion to coagulate the polymer. After centrifugation, the amount of unreacted emulsifier was measured by HPLC using the supernatant, and the reaction rate of the emulsifier was calculated. (Water resistance test): A polymer film having a thickness of 0.5 mm was prepared on a glass plate, immersed in water, and the time required until 4.5 points of characters could not be read through the film was measured. * 1 No good emulsion was obtained and measurement was not performed. * 2- No measurement was performed because of non-reactive type.

Use Example 2 60 g of ion-exchanged water was charged into a pressure-resistant glass bottle as a reactor, specifically an empty bottle for carbonated beverages, and nitrogen gas was passed through to remove dissolved oxygen. Next, after cooling the glass bottle in an ice water bath, 1.2 g of the decomposition-type reactive emulsifier of the present invention, 0.12 g of naphthalenesulfonic acid folimarin condensate, 0.12 g of dodecyl mercaptan, 20 g of styrene, and Peroxide 0.03
g, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate 0.02 g, and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxide 0.01 g. Then, butadiene was introduced from a cylinder into a graduated sampling tube in a methanol dry ice bath, and liquefied and weighed 22 g of butadiene was charged into a glass bottle using a syringe equipped with a stopcock, and 2 g of butadiene was vaporized to release air. Immediately after being expelled, the contents in the glass bottle were emulsified by stoppering and shaking. Next, a glass bottle was set in a holder in a rotary polymerization tank adjusted to a water temperature of 5 ° C., and polymerization was performed at a rotation speed of 50 rpm for 5 hours. After the completion of the polymerization reaction, the glass bottle was opened, N, N-diethylhydroxylamine was added to stop the polymerization, and then the residual monomer was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a polymer latex as a test sample. . Table 2 shows the test results of the amount of aggregates during emulsion polymerization, the solid content of the obtained latex, mechanical stability, foamability, water absorption of the polymer film, and heat resistance coloring. In addition, about 1% of the obtained polymer latex
When the pH was adjusted to 2 or less by adding sulfuric acid, the latex was destroyed and the polymer was immediately precipitated. Further, after the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. with continuous stirring, the polymer was allowed to stand still to float the polymer, which was collected and washed three times with warm water, dehydrated, and dried at 60 ° C. under reduced pressure. Table 2 shows the recovery rate of the dried polymer obtained at this time. As a comparison, a similar test was conducted for a conventional emulsifier, and the test results are shown in Table 2.

[0042]

[Table 2] (Solid content): 2 g of latex was dried under reduced pressure for 1 hour at 105 ° C., and then weighed and weighed to the weight of the weighed latex.
displayed. (Aggregate amount): The latex was filtered through a 150-mesh wire net, and the residue was washed with water and dried under reduced pressure. (Mechanical stability): 50 g of latex was stirred with a Marlon-type tester at a load of 10 kg and a rotation speed of 1000 rpm for 5 minutes, the formed aggregate was filtered through a 150-mesh wire net, and the residue was washed with water and dried under reduced pressure. Was expressed in% with respect to the solid content of the latex. (Foaming property): latex is diluted twice with ion-exchanged water,
After 30 cc was put into a 100 ml Nessler tube, the tube was inverted 30 times, and the amount of foam 5 minutes after standing was measured. (Water absorption): A 0.5 mm thick polymer film was formed on a glass plate, the film was carefully peeled off from the glass plate, and the film was cut into a size of 100 mm long × 100 mm wide to prepare a test piece. This is immersed in water,
Remove after 4 hours, quickly remove moisture between two filter papers, weigh, and add weight increase to% of weight before immersion
displayed. (Heat resistance coloring property): A polymer film having a thickness of 0.5 mm was formed on a glass plate, and heat-treated for 30 minutes in a hot air drier adjusted to 250 ° C., and coloring of the polymer film was examined. (Polymer recovery rate): The weight of the obtained dry polymer was
It is expressed in% with respect to the theoretical solid content weight calculated from the solid content value of the emulsion. * 1: Allyl glycidyl ether of nonylphenol 1
Mol, ethylene oxide 30 mol adduct * 2: Reactive emulsifier having the following structure

Embedded image * 3: Decomposition type emulsifier having the following structure

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Use Example 3 In an autoclave equipped with a stirrer, a thermometer, and a cooling and heating device, 500 g of ion-exchanged water, 25 g of a decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention shown in Table 3, 2.5 g of a naphthalenesulfonic acid folimarin condensate, After charging 2.5 g of sodium carbonate and 2.5 g of dodecyl mercaptan and further adding 1.5 g of potassium persulfate, the inside of the autoclave was purged with nitrogen. Subsequently, the content was cooled by passing cooling water at 5 ° C. through the autoclave, and then 500 g of butadiene was introduced from the butadiene cylinder into the autoclave, and the content was emulsified by high-speed stirring. Next, the internal temperature was raised to 60 ° C., and polymerization was performed for 35 hours. After completion of the polymerization, the mixture was cooled, and unreacted butadiene was distilled off under reduced pressure to obtain a polybutadiene latex. Table 3 shows the aggregate amount during the emulsion polymerization, the solid content of the obtained polymer latex, and the average particle size. Next, in a reactor equipped with a stirrer, a reflux condenser, a thermometer, and a dropping funnel, 320 g of the polybutadiene latex prepared by the above operation was converted into a solid content, and 180 g of ion-exchanged water (however, depending on the solid content of the polymer latex). 225 g of styrene,
95 g of acrylonitrile, 300 g of ion-exchanged water, and 9.6 g of the same decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention as in the preparation of the polybutadiene latex as an emulsifier were mixed with a homodisper, and 65 g of the monomer emulsion was reacted with stirring. After adding to the vessel, the atmosphere was replaced with nitrogen. Next, the reactor was cooled, and when the internal temperature reached 10 ° C., 1.2 g of paramenthane hydroperoxide, 0.6 g of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.3 g of sodium formaldehyde sulfoxide were added. Polymerized. Next, polymerization start 15
After 3 minutes, the remaining monomer emulsion was added dropwise over 3 hours to polymerize over 3 hours. Further, after continuously aging at the polymerization temperature for 2 hours, N, N-diethylhydroxylamine was added to terminate the polymerization, and subsequently, the remaining monomers were distilled off under nitrogen gas aeration and reduced pressure conditions. The obtained polymer latex was used as a test sample. Table 4 shows the results of each test of the amount of aggregates during the emulsion polymerization and the solid content, the average particle size, and the conversion of the emulsifier of the obtained polymer latex. When 250 g of the obtained polymer latex was added with 1% sulfuric acid to adjust the pH to 2 or less,
The latex was broken and the polymer precipitated immediately. Subsequently, after the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. while stirring, the polymer was allowed to float by standing still, collected, washed three times with warm water, and then dehydrated and dried. Table 4 shows the recovery rate of the polymer at this time, the total amount of organic carbon (TOC) measured by collecting and concentrating all the wastewater at the time of polymer recovery, and the measurement results of the retention coloring property at the time of polymer molding. As a comparison, a similar test was conducted for a conventional emulsifier, and Table 4 shows the test results.

[0044]

[Table 3] (Solid content): 2 g of latex was dried under reduced pressure for 1 hour at 105 ° C., and then weighed and weighed to the weight of the weighed latex.
displayed. (Aggregate amount): The latex was filtered through a 150-mesh wire net, and the residue was washed with water and dried under reduced pressure. (Average particle diameter): The average particle diameter of the latex was measured using a Shimadzu laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-2000. * 1, * 2 are reactive emulsifiers used as comparative examples in Use Example 2. * 3 is a decomposable emulsifier used as a comparative example in Use Example 2.

[Table 4] (Solid content): 2 g of the latex was dried under reduced pressure at 105 ° C. for 2 hours, weighed, and expressed as% with respect to the weight of the latex. (Aggregate amount): The latex was filtered through a 150-mesh wire net, and the residue was washed with water and dried under reduced pressure. (Average particle diameter): The average particle diameter of the latex was measured using a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer SALD-2000 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. (Emulsifier reaction rate): Add methanol to latex,
After coagulation of the polymer and centrifugation, the amount of unreacted emulsifier was measured by HPLC using the supernatant, and the reaction rate of the emulsifier was calculated. (Polymer recovery rate): The weight of the obtained dry polymer was
It was expressed in% with respect to the theoretical solid content weight calculated from the solid content value of the latex. (Total organic carbon (TOC) amount): All wastewater (including polymer washing water) at the time of polymer recovery is collected, concentrated to 250 ml, a part thereof is collected, and TOC-5 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation is used.
Using 00, the total organic carbon (TOC) amount was measured. (Retention colorability): The obtained dried polymer was molded at a molding temperature of 25.
Molded at 0 ° C and mold temperature of 50 ° C, 125mm long × 12 wide
A reference test piece of 5 mm × 3.5 mm thickness was prepared. Similarly, a test piece molded by being retained in a molding machine at 250 ° C. for 20 minutes was examined for coloring in comparison with a reference test piece. * 1 and * 2 are reactive emulsifiers used as comparative examples in Use Example 2 * 3 is a decomposable emulsifier used as a comparative example in Use Example 2 * 4 is a non-reactive type and has not been measured

Use Example 4 A polybutadiene latex was prepared in the same manner as in Use Example 3, and the amount of the decomposable reactive emulsifier of the present invention used for emulsion polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in the polybutadiene latex was changed to 32 g. Polymerization was carried out under the same conditions as in Use Example 3 except that the polymerization was performed to obtain a polymer latex. Further, a polymer was recovered from the obtained polymer latex and dried. The obtained polymer was molded at a molding temperature of 250 ° C. and a mold temperature of 50 ° C. to prepare a test piece having a length of 125 mm × width of 125 mm × thickness of 3.5 mm. For this test piece, the contact angle and the surface resistivity were measured. Table 5 shows the results of each test. For comparison, a similar test was conducted for a conventional emulsifier,
Table 5 shows the test results.

[0046]

[Table 5] (Contact angle): The obtained dried polymer was molded at a molding temperature of 250.
℃, mold temperature 50 ℃, 125mm vertical × 125 horizontal
A test piece having a size of 3.5 mm x 3.5 mm was prepared, and the contact angle of a water droplet was measured with a contact angle measuring device. (Surface resistivity): The obtained dried polymer was molded at a molding temperature of 2.
A test piece molded at 50 ° C. and a mold temperature of 50 ° C. was left in an atmosphere at a temperature of 20 ° C. and a humidity of 45% for 24 hours, and then its surface resistivity was measured. * 1, * 2 are reactive emulsifiers used as comparative examples in Use Example 2 * 3 are decomposable emulsifiers used as comparative examples in Use Example 2

[0047]

As described above, according to the present invention, the stability at the time of emulsion polymerization and the stability of the obtained polymer emulsion can be improved, the bubble trouble during the process can be eliminated, and the polymer recovery process can be performed. Improve the recovery rate of the polymer, significantly contribute to the improvement of productivity,
It is possible to provide a novel decomposable reactive emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, which can significantly reduce the amount of organic substances discharged in the polymer recovery and washing steps. Further, it is possible to provide a novel decomposable reactive emulsifier for emulsion polymerization, which can remarkably improve the water resistance and heat resistance of the polymer and the polymer coating film obtained from the polymer emulsion. Further, by using the novel decomposable reactive emulsifier for emulsion polymerization of the present invention, it is possible to provide a polymer modification method for improving the physical properties of the obtained polymer and polymer coating film. By these effects, the present invention contributes to the development of related industries and the benefit of consumers.

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A novel decomposable reactive emulsifier represented by the following general formula (I). Embedded image Wherein R ¹ and R ² are the same or different and have 1 to 1 carbon atoms
20 alkyl or alkenyl groups or hydrogen atoms (provided that R ¹ and R ² are not both hydrogen atoms), R ³ is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R ⁴ and R ⁵ are a hydrogen atom or a methyl A group (R ⁴ and R ⁵ may be the same or different from each other), A is an alkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms or a substituted alkylene group, and n is 1 to 200
When n is 2 or more, (AO) n may be a homopolymer composed of one type of repeating unit represented by the following formula (i), or represented by the following formula (ii) Block polymer or random polymer comprising two or more types of repeating units having different substituents A (A ¹ , A ² ,...). ] - (AO) - (AO ) - (AO) - (i) - (A 1 O) n 1 - (A 2 O) n 2 - ...... ( _{where, n 1 + n 2 + ......} = n) ( ii) 2. Emulsion polymerization of a monomer in the presence of the decomposable reactive emulsifier according to claim 1, followed by acid decomposition of a 1,3-dioxolane ring site in the emulsifier molecule copolymerized in the polymer. Wherein a hydrophilic site is provided in the polymer.